CN101238798A - Animal olfaction study training method and system - Google Patents
Animal olfaction study training method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101238798A CN101238798A CNA2008101019724A CN200810101972A CN101238798A CN 101238798 A CN101238798 A CN 101238798A CN A2008101019724 A CNA2008101019724 A CN A2008101019724A CN 200810101972 A CN200810101972 A CN 200810101972A CN 101238798 A CN101238798 A CN 101238798A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an animal smell learning and training method and the system thereof, and the invention comprises the following steps: (1) before training animals, cut water supply for a long period of time, make animals have strong desire for finding water during training; (2) put animals into training ground, when training, supply the computer control system with two kinds of gas having various odors, then discharge them randomly in turn; (3) if under one kind of odor the animal licks water, it will be given some water as reward; while if under the other kind of odor the animal licks water, it will be given electric shocks as punishment; (4) test more than one hundred of times circularly like that, if animal can distinguish these two various odors, a correct operant conditioned reflex is created, according to the animal behaviour, whether the animal has the ability of distinguishing these two kinds of odors can be determined. The invention use multi-functional PCI data acquisition card, video capture card and control software in the system, so that it is able to control and record the experiment process automatically and analyze behaviors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of animal training methods and system, particularly about small-sized model animal olfaction study training method and system.
Background technology
Sense of smell is a very important sensation that is related to animal survival and life, and is all the more so concerning biomedical research mouse commonly used, rat isotype animal.Yet, as one of important means of neuro-physiology, Neuropharmacology and drug screening etc., the experiment of traditional Animal Behavior Science mostly is to be based upon with on the learning and memory model based of the vision or the sense of hearing, and this obviously is not enough for overall understanding brain function, evaluate efficacy.The domestic research of having only only a few at the behavior of insect olfaction learning and memory at present, but for finishing complicated odor detection and distinguishing that the research of the mammiferous olfaction study memory behavior of task still is a blank.And the external mammalian sense of smell learning and memory training system that generally uses at present also has very big defective, software and hardware outmoded (also using dos operating system), automaticity is low, speed is slow, can't show in real time and monitor, complex operation complexity, smell port number (have only 8 roads at most) very little at present, therefore can't carry out complicated training.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple to operate, can show in real time and the animal olfaction study training method and the system of monitor animal behavior.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of animal olfaction study training method, and it may further comprise the steps: before (1) training animal is carried out cutting off the water supply of long period, animal has the hope of strong water detection everywhere when making training; (2) animal is put in the training place, during training, provided the gas of two kinds of different odors at random by control system, and discharge in turn; (3) under a kind of therein smell condition, animal removes to lick water will obtain little water as award; Under another kind of smell condition, animal removes to lick water will obtain electric shock as punishment; (4) so loop test is put more than the pre-determined number, if animal capable is distinguished this two kinds of different smells, can form correct operant conditioned reflex, can judge according to the behavior performance of animal whether this animal has the ability of distinguishing these two kinds of smells.
A kind of animal olfaction study training system of realizing said method, it is characterized in that: it comprises an animal training cage, the bottom of described cage is equiped with an electric-shocking plate, the one side of described cage offers the hole of animal probe water detection, be provided with the infrared sensor of a detection animal probe action at place, described hole, the one automatically controlled waterworks that comprise the little bowl of feedwater are set outside the described hole, before the little bowl of described feedwater, after be symmetrically arranged with one and detect animal and lick the laser detector that hydrodynamic(al) is done, the little bowl of described feedwater top is provided with a multi-channel gas generation device and an exhaust tube, and the CCD camera is installed in the described cage; Described infrared sensor, laser detector, CCD camera, multi-channel gas generation device, waterworks and electric-shocking plate are electrically connected control system respectively.
Described multi-channel gas generation device comprises: a smell output channel, its entrance point connect an air air accumulator and a flowmeter successively, and the port of export of described smell output channel is positioned at the top of the little bowl of described feedwater; One smell is regulated passage, its entrance point connects a nitrogen storage gas tank, a flowmeter, one first three-way magnetic valve and a multiple branch circuit pipe successively, the outlet that described smell is regulated passage connects described smell transfer passage by one second three-way magnetic valve, and the 3rd end of often opening of described first three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmosphere; One smell passing away, its port of export connects a vavuum pump, a flowmeter and one the 3rd three-way magnetic valve successively, what described the 3rd three-way magnetic valve connected second three-way magnetic valve often opens the 3rd end, and normally closed the 3rd end of described the 3rd three-way magnetic valve is connected with the exhaust tube that is positioned at the little bowl of described feedwater top; Some smell passages, the entrance point of each a described smell passage multiple branch circuit pipe in parallel, described multiple branch circuit pipe entrance point is connected the outlet of described nitrogen storage gas tank with a throttle solenoid valve by one the 4th three-way magnetic valve, each described smell passage is made up of the flowmeter, two two-way electromagnetic valves that connect successively and the smell bottle that is arranged between the two described two-way electromagnetic valves respectively, be connected in parallel described smell of the port of export of each described smell passage is regulated the multiple branch circuit pipe of passage, and the 3rd end of often opening of described the 4th three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmosphere.
The smell number of channels of described multi-channel gas generation device is 2～64 roads.
Described control system comprises computer system, feedback control circuit and sensor circuit; Described computer system comprises control software, multifunctional data acquisition card and the video frequency collection card that is installed in the calculator, and described feedback control circuit comprises driving circuit for electromagnetic valve and electric shock control circuit; The input of described multifunctional data acquisition card connects described infrared sensor and laser detector by sensor circuit, the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card connects the electricity consumption device of described multi-channel gas generation device and waterworks by the driving circuit for electromagnetic valve of described feedback control circuit, and the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card also connects described electric-shocking plate by the electric shock control circuit of feedback control circuit.
Feedback control circuit in the described control system also comprises digital output encoder-decoding circuit, and each two-way electromagnetic valve of smell passage connects the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card respectively in the described multi-channel gas generation device by described digital output encoder-decoding circuit.
Described cage comprises a cage body and a training panel, the bottom of described cage body is provided with a slot, described electric-shocking plate inserts in the described slot, described slot bottom is provided with a groove, connect the plate that animal excrements use and insert described groove, described training is arranged on the opening part of described cage body one side with panel, and described training is offered the circular hole that stretches out for the animal head with the panel bottom, described infrared sensor is installed in the described training above the described circular hole on panel.
Automatically controlled waterworks except that the little bowl of described feedwater comprise that one connects the plastic tube of the little bowl of feedwater, and described plastic tube connects a water storage bottle by an electromagnetism water valve.
The present invention is owing to take above technical scheme, and it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention has adopted up-to-date software and hardware technology, and powerful, speed is fast, and is simple to operate.2, be provided with the CCD camera in the system of the present invention, can show in real time and the monitor animal behavior.3,, therefore can carry out the training of more complicated animal sense of smell conditioned reflex study because the smell port number can extend to 64 roads.4, owing to adopted multi-functional pci data capture card, video frequency collection card and control software in the system, can carry out automation control, record and behavioural analysis to process of the test.5, the inventive method can be zoologize to the detection of smell, distinguish, the neuromechanism of learning and Memory provides ethological data, also is simultaneously the strong instrument of estimating relevant nerve diseases treatment new drug.6, the present invention has filled up China's blank aspect the research of mammalian sense of smell learning and memory behavior.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an animal training apparatus schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is an animal training of the present invention place perspective exploded view
Fig. 3 is a Laser emission pick-up probe principle schematic of the present invention
Fig. 4 is a multi-channel gas generation device schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 5 is the present invention's numeral input/output signal sequential schematic diagram
Fig. 6 is the present invention's numeral output encoder-decoding scheme
Fig. 7 is driving circuit for electromagnetic valve figure of the present invention
Fig. 8 is the present invention's control circuit that shocks by electricity
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, animal olfaction study training system of the present invention comprises: an animal training is with cage 1, and it can take pmma material to make, and offers a hole at a basifacial of cage 1, and an animal first half can lean out from the hole; The place is provided with an infrared sensor 2 at the hole, can detect the action of animal probe water detection.Be outside equipped with one at the hole and comprise the waterworks that feed water little bowl 3, the forward and backward laser detector 4 that is equipped with of the little bowl 3 that feeds water, the hydrodynamic(al) of licking that can detect animal is done; One CCD camera 5 is installed in cage 1; Above the little bowl 3 of feedwater, a multi-channel gas generation device 6 and an exhaust tube that is connected with vavuum pump 8 are set; Above the little bowl 3 of feedwater, a control signal lamp 9 can also be set.Infrared sensor 2, laser detector 4 and CCD camera 5 are connected with a computer system 10 by lead respectively, so that training process is carried out immediately monitoring.
As shown in Figure 2, the animal training of present embodiment comprises a cage body 11, one electric-shocking plates 12 and a training panel 13 with cage 1, and cage body 11 tops can also be provided with a cage loam cake (not shown).Cage body 11 adopts cylindrical design, avoids producing the structure in corner, prevents that animal one from waiting until at a place motionless.Be provided with a slot 111 in the bottom of cage body 11, electric-shocking plate 12 inserts in the slot 111, is provided with a groove 112 in slot 111 bottoms, connects the plate insertion groove 112 that animal excrements are used.Side at cage body 11 is provided with an opening 113, and training is fixed on the opening 113 by screw with panel 13, and the wall of cage body 11 is provided with an aperture 114, is used to connect vavuum pump to discharge residual gas in the cage.End at electric-shocking plate 12 is provided with two through holes 121, is used to connect the power-line terminal of electric-shocking plate 12.Training offers a circular hole 131 with the bottom of panel 13, and as the hole that the animal head stretches out, infrared sensor 2 is installed in the top, hole.Training top to be provided with a through hole 132, be used for installing the illumination lampet with panel 13.As shown in Figure 1, waterworks also comprise an electromagnetism water valve 32 by a plastic tube 31 connections except that the little bowl 3 of feedwater, and the input of electromagnetism water valve 32 connects a water storage bottle 33.
Present embodiment infrared sensor 2 adopts reflection-type infrared acquisition integrated chip GP2A25, for it provides a 5v power supply, signal output part is connect a 1k resistance again and is pulled to the 5v power supply, and the back connects a logic reversal device again.Like this, when animal was visited the hole with head, output signal was a high level by low transition at ordinary times, thereby determined whether the labour contractor leans out outside the hole animal.
As shown in Figure 3, the transmitter 41 of laser detector 4 and receiver 42 are installed in the forward and backward of the little bowl 3 of feedwater symmetrically, are used for detecting the action that animal licks water.A branch of very thin laser that transmitter 41 sends, pass the duck eye that the little bowl of feedwater 3 tops are provided with, receiver 42 by the little bowl of feedwater 3 opposite side duck eye back detects, signal output part is exported a low level, if and only if animal reaches 3 li in the little bowl of feedwater when licking water with tongue, and laser beam is blocked, and does not arrive receiver 42, then signal output part is exported a high level, so just can detect the hydrodynamic(al) of licking of animal and do.
Present embodiment is connected with the computer system 10 that video frequency collection card is housed by CCD camera 5, and training process is done immediately monitoring.If dark condition training down, optional usefulness has the video camera of infrared function.
As shown in Figure 4, multi-channel gas generation device 6 comprises:
One smell output channel connects an air air accumulator 61 and a flowmeter 62 successively from entrance point, and the port of export of smell output channel 63 is positioned at the top of the little bowl 3 of feedwater;
One smell is regulated passage, connect a nitrogen storage gas tank 64, a flowmeter 65, a three-way magnetic valve 66 and a multiple branch circuit pipe 67 successively from entrance point, the outlet that smell is regulated passage connects the smell output channel by a three-way magnetic valve 68, and the 3rd end of often opening of three-way magnetic valve 66 is communicated with atmosphere;
One smell passing away, the port of export connects a vavuum pump 69, a flowmeter 70 and a three-way magnetic valve 71 successively, what three-way magnetic valve 71 connected a three-way magnetic valve 68 often opens the 3rd end, and normally closed the 3rd end of three-way magnetic valve 71 is connected with the exhaust tube 8 that is positioned at little bowl of 3 tops of described feedwater;
Some smell passages, the entrance point of each smell passage is connected in parallel on the multiple branch circuit pipe 78, multiple branch circuit pipe 78 connects a three-way magnetic valve 72 and a throttle solenoid valve 73, the output of throttle solenoid valve 73 connects the outlet of nitrogen storage gas tank 64, each smell passage is made up of the flowmeter 74, two two-way electromagnetic valves 75,76 that connect successively and the smell bottle 77 that is arranged between two two-way electromagnetic valves 75,76 respectively, the port of export of each smell passage is connected in smell in parallel and regulates on the multiple branch circuit pipe 67 of passage, and the 3rd end of often opening of three-way magnetic valve 72 is communicated with atmosphere.
Before the training, smell transfer passage, smell being regulated nitrogen storage gas tank 64, air air accumulator 61, three-way magnetic valve 66,68,71,72 and the vavuum pump 69 of passage and smell passing away opens, regulate throttle solenoid valve 73 and each flowmeter again, make each road flow reach the required numerical value of test, and settle out.At this moment, process of gas path is as follows:
(1) in the smell output channel, the gas of air air accumulator 61 continues to blow out the little bowl 3 of arrival feedwater from smell outlet 63 through flowmeter 62 and pipeline; In the smell passing away, the exhaust tube 8 of little bowl 3 tops of feeding water connects vavuum pump 69 simultaneously, and the gas at little bowl 3 places that successively will feed water is taken away;
(2) smell is regulated in the passage, and the nitrogen of nitrogen storage gas tank 64 enters from three-way magnetic valve 72 through throttle solenoid valve 73 current limlitings, often opens the 3rd end from three-way magnetic valve 72 and enters atmosphere;
(3) nitrogen is adjusted flow through flowmeter 65 simultaneously in the nitrogen storage gas tank 64, enters from three-way magnetic valve 66, often opens the 3rd end from three-way magnetic valve 66 and enters atmosphere;
(4) vavuum pump 69 is extracted the atmosphere of the little bowl 3 of feedwater out by flowmeter 70 by exhaust tube 8 from the Chang Kaiduan of three-way magnetic valve 71.
After starting software, the wait animal is done test.Now the once process of test is described with smell channel C h0 and another smell channel C H1.
After beginning as the test that stimulates with the smell of smell channel C h0, three-way magnetic valve 66,71,72 energisings, the two-way electromagnetic valve 75,76 of smell channel C h0 is also switched on simultaneously, and the path of three-way magnetic valve turns to normal-closed end by the normal beginning, and two-way electromagnetic valve transfers to open by closing.This moment, gas circuit was: nitrogen enters smell bottle 77 through throttle solenoid valve 73, three-way magnetic valve 72, flowmeter 74 and two-way electromagnetic valve 75, and a part of smell is extruded from 77 outlets of smell bottle, enters manifold 67 by two-way electromagnetic valve 76.Here, smell to a certain degree, is entered the public end of three-way magnetic valve 68 by the nitrogen dilution of the flowmeter 65 of flowing through, three-way magnetic valve 66, often drives the 3rd end, three-way magnetic valve 71, flowmeter 70 through three-way magnetic valve 68, is taken away by vavuum pump 69.Through after a while (, generally being about 1 second) by software set, after smell is full of above-mentioned path, three-way magnetic valve 68 energisings.Smell turns to the normal-closed end of three-way magnetic valve 68 immediately, enter pipeline and air air accumulator 61 air supply, that flow through flowmeter 62 and converge, further diluted, blow out from smell outlet 63, arrive the little bowl of feedwater 3 places, this moment, animal can smell smell as if head is just leant out.Providing smell continues for some time at this and (passes through software set, generally be about 2 seconds) after, two-way electromagnetic valve 75 and 76 is closed, stop the smell supply, and the nitrogen of the three-way magnetic valve 66 of flowing through is not disconnected, therefore can blow out the normal-closed end of smell residual in multiple branch circuit pipe 67 and the three-way magnetic valve 68, continue for some time (, generally being about 1 second) by software set from three-way magnetic valve 68.Next three-way magnetic valve 68 outages, the gas passage turns to the Chang Kaiduan of three-way magnetic valve 68, adds that bleeding of vavuum pump 69 acts on the residual smell of further removing in the manifold, continues for some time (by software set, generally being about 1 second).Then two two-way electromagnetic valves of next smell channel C h1 (as the smell of test next time) are opened, allow this smell be full of multiple branch circuit pipe 67 and three-way magnetic valve 68 public ends to this section of Chang Kaiduan path, continue for some time (, generally being about 3 seconds) by software set.At last, three-way magnetic valve 72,71 and 66 outages, this EOT, gas circuit returns to pretest condition, waits for test beginning next time.
All pipelines of present embodiment all adopt the PTFE material, avoid smell to pollute pipeline.
Another effect that present embodiment is introduced three-way magnetic valve 68 is in order to prevent animal without smell, and utilizes the difference of different channel sound to judge whether to obtain to reward.
The present invention adjusts the switching sequential (as shown in Figure 5) of each magnetic valve and adjusts each road flow by flowmeter by software, and gas circuit is carried out trickle adjustment, makes air flow rate transfer to state stable, balance.Control the size of each road flow and can spray the smell that is diluted to variable concentrations by regulating each flowmeter.
The sequential of each input/output signal that software will be controlled in the test process, wherein:
The A segment table sprays the used time to three-way magnetic valve 68 energisings, smell after showing test starting;
The B segment table shows the time that three-way magnetic valve 68 energisings continue;
The C segment table shows from three-way magnetic valve 68 and cuts off the power supply to the time of this EOT;
After the D segment table shows this EOT, as the additional period of interval and data analysis between the adjacent test;
The E segment table shows from three-way magnetic valve 68 and is energized to the time that actuation time, window began;
The F segment table shows the time that actuation time, window continued;
The G segment table shows that the two-way electromagnetic valve of this time testing on the used smell channel C h0 opens the lasting time;
The H segment table shows that the two-way electromagnetic valve on the used smell passage of next time test opens the lasting time (removing usefulness residual, ventilation) in this test;
The I segment table showed behind the test starting to the bright time of first signal lamp;
The J segment table shows that first signal lamp continues the bright time.
The present invention changes the connection of magnetic valve in the circuit, such as, V0 and V1 are received same solenoid control lead-out terminal in the circuit, then the ejection simultaneously according to a certain percentage of different types of gas can be produced the mist that hope obtains.
Feedback control circuit of the present invention comprises: digital output encoder-decoding circuit, driving circuit for electromagnetic valve and electric shock control circuit.
Numeral output encoder-decoding circuit (as shown in Figure 6), the data collecting card digital port is few, control the gas generation apparatus of 64 passages, the processing that must encode-decipher a part of port wherein.
In program, six digital output ports to data capture card P2.0-P2.5 have carried out binary coding, open such as 000000 expression passage 0, and 111111 expression passages 63 are opened.In this circuit, utilize the combination of decoder integrated chip (a slice 74139 and four 74154) to realize the decoding function of 6 lines-64 line, thereby make data collecting card numeral P2 port can control the switching of 64 channel gas.Circuit has also been introduced latch 74373, removes to control its latch enable end (the function open and close controlling end of IC chip) with the P0.7 port, realizes in the once test when time using passage to the conversion of subchannel down (the inner ventilation of gas generating unit).Simultaneously, the Enable Pin of P0.3 port controlling decoder 74139 makes decoded signal specific time output in the testing time go the break-make of control magnetic valve.
Driving circuit for electromagnetic valve (as shown in Figure 7), the power output of logical signal is very limited, and therefore will design a power driving circuit removes to control magnetic valve.Used herein is power-type photoelectric relay AQZ102, and it only needs very little input current, just can drive very big power termination.AQZ102 provides the input of 1mA electric current in the time of only need opening, but can reach maximum load voltage is 60v, and maximum load current is 3A, and the magnetic valve rated voltage is 24v, and power is 3.5w, can satisfy test requirements document fully.It has taked the photoelectricity isolation method, magnetic valve is powered with independent float power, realized of the isolation of high-power circuit part with the light current circuit part, two parts have not had the connection on electric fully, avoided strong electromagnetic interference to leap up into weak current part, influenced its operate as normal by various coupled modes.
Electric shock control circuit (as shown in Figure 8) at first, adopts integrated monostable trigger 14538 external variable resistances that the time of electric shock is controlled, and electric shock time adjusting range is 0.1s to 2s.14538 output signal control relay K1 control the break-make of electric shock.The power supply that is used to shock by electricity is commercially available adjustable stabilized voltage supply, and adjusting range is 0v to 60v.
The combinational logic circuit that also has the gate integrated circuit to form is handled signal in addition, and the logical expression of combinational logic circuit is as follows:
In the formula: TW represents window actuation time;
P1.0, P1.1 and P1.2 represent the data acquisition card digital port;
TWforWater represents window actuation time at feedwater;
TWforShock represents window actuation time at electric shock;
WaterValve represents to control the signal of electromagnetism water valve;
FootShockSignal represents to control the signal of electric shock;
Lick represents to lick the water signal.
Control software, multi-functional pci data capture card, video frequency collection card are housed in the computer system 10.Operating personnel are by control software set parameter, monitoring training process.Control software control multifunctional data acquisition card and video frequency collection card are gathered animal various actions data automatically, signal is sent to computer system 10 show and handle; Simultaneously, multifunctional data acquisition card is exported various signals automatically, and control feedback control circuit and gas circuit give animal various stimulations.Control software also can write down the parameter of training and the behavior performance of animal automatically.
If be simple to do the smell experiment to animal, observe the variation of its various physiological signals, rather than animal training, then only need the switching of each magnetic valve of control, the sequential of magnetic valve is constant, need not to control other signal, has special program to realize this function in the software.
Animal olfaction study training and testing process are as follows: animal was cut off the water supply by the long period before the training, and animal just has strong desire and looks about water when training like this.The training beginning is put animal into cylindric mouse cage 1, and animal is visited into circular hole 131 with head, and the action that probe is sought water is detected by infrared sensor 2, and trigger begins once to test.And then, first signal lamp of signal lamp 9 is once glittering, the test beginning this time of prompting animal, smell at hand, the preparation that allows animal carry out to hear.Then multi-channel gas generation device 6 provides and continues several seconds smell air-flow, and animal goes to hear.The smell that animal sends according to this smell channel C h0 that smells, decision remove still not go to lick water (hydrodynamic(al) of licking that laser detector 4 detection animals are housed at the little bowl of feedwater 3 places is done).Bright prompting animal this section period of first signal lamp of signal lamp 9 is its action time, is called window actuation time (remove to lick water or abandon, labour contractor withdrawal).Each training has two class smell: S+ and S-.If S+, animal removes to lick water and will obtain little water and do award; If S-, animal has gone to lick the electric shock punishment that will obtain electric-shocking plate 12.Animal removes to lick water without any reaction when gas does not provide.When animal is popped one's head in once more, test beginning, about loop test hundreds of like this is inferior next time.What gas each test gives is at random, and the situation that continuous S+ tests or continuous S-tests can not occur.After a period of time, if animal capable is distinguished this two classes smell, it just can form correct operant conditioned reflex, has smelt S+ like this, just remove to lick water in the hope of rewarding, we are called once and hit, and smell S-, it then can not remove to lick water, in order to avoid get shocked, we are called once and correctly dodge.If there is not formation condition reflection, animal S-will occur and go to lick the situation that (being called false alarm) or S+ do not go to lick (be called and miss).Hit that to add the percentage that the number of times of correctly dodging accounts for total testing time be total accuracy of animal performance.We just can know whether it can distinguish this two classes smell according to the behavior performance of animal like this.
The above embodiment of the present invention only is that example is illustrated with the mouse, and design size is carried out going for other animal fully after some adjust.
The present invention only describes with the foregoing description, and all equivalent transformations that carries out according to the principle of the invention all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of animal olfaction study training method, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) before the training animal is carried out cutting off the water supply of long period, animal has the hope of strong water detection everywhere when making training;
(2) animal is put in the training place, during training, provided the gas of two kinds of different odors at random by control system, and discharge in turn;
(3) under a kind of therein smell condition, animal removes to lick water will obtain little water as award; Under another kind of smell condition, animal removes to lick water will obtain electric shock as punishment;
(4) so loop test is put more than the pre-determined number, if animal capable is distinguished this two kinds of different smells, can form correct operant conditioned reflex, can judge according to the behavior performance of animal whether this animal has the ability of distinguishing these two kinds of smells.
2, realize a kind of animal olfaction study training system of method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it comprises an animal training cage, the bottom of described cage is equiped with an electric-shocking plate, the one side of described cage offers the hole of animal probe water detection, be provided with the infrared sensor of a detection animal probe action at place, described hole, the one automatically controlled waterworks that comprise the little bowl of feedwater are set outside the described hole, before the little bowl of described feedwater, after be symmetrically arranged with one and detect animal and lick the laser detector that hydrodynamic(al) is done, the little bowl of described feedwater top is provided with a multi-channel gas generation device and an exhaust tube, and the CCD camera is installed in the described cage; Described infrared sensor, laser detector, CCD camera, multi-channel gas generation device, waterworks and electric-shocking plate are electrically connected control system respectively.
3, a kind of animal olfaction study training system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described multi-channel gas generation device comprises:
One smell output channel, its entrance point connect an air air accumulator and a flowmeter successively, and the port of export of described smell output channel is positioned at the top of the little bowl of described feedwater;
One smell is regulated passage, its entrance point connects a nitrogen storage gas tank, a flowmeter, one first three-way magnetic valve and a multiple branch circuit pipe successively, the outlet that described smell is regulated passage connects described smell transfer passage by one second three-way magnetic valve, and the 3rd end of often opening of described first three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmosphere;
One smell passing away, its port of export connects a vavuum pump, a flowmeter and one the 3rd three-way magnetic valve successively, what described the 3rd three-way magnetic valve connected second three-way magnetic valve often opens the 3rd end, and normally closed the 3rd end of described the 3rd three-way magnetic valve is connected with the exhaust tube that is positioned at the little bowl of described feedwater top;
Some smell passages, the entrance point of each a described smell passage multiple branch circuit pipe in parallel, described multiple branch circuit pipe entrance point is connected the outlet of described nitrogen storage gas tank with a throttle solenoid valve by one the 4th three-way magnetic valve, each described smell passage is made up of the flowmeter, two two-way electromagnetic valves that connect successively and the smell bottle that is arranged between the two described two-way electromagnetic valves respectively, be connected in parallel described smell of the port of export of each described smell passage is regulated the multiple branch circuit pipe of passage, and the 3rd end of often opening of described the 4th three-way magnetic valve is communicated with atmosphere.
4, a kind of animal olfaction study training system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the smell number of channels of described multi-channel gas generation device is 2～64 roads.
5, as claim 2 or 3 described a kind of animal olfaction study training systems, it is characterized in that: described control system comprises computer system, feedback control circuit and sensor circuit; Described computer system comprises control software, multifunctional data acquisition card and the video frequency collection card that is installed in the calculator, and described feedback control circuit comprises driving circuit for electromagnetic valve and electric shock control circuit; The input of described multifunctional data acquisition card connects described infrared sensor and laser detector by sensor circuit, the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card connects the electricity consumption device of described multi-channel gas generation device and waterworks by the driving circuit for electromagnetic valve of described feedback control circuit, and the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card also connects described electric-shocking plate by the electric shock control circuit of feedback control circuit.
6, a kind of animal olfaction study training system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the feedback control circuit in the described control system also comprises digital output encoder-decoding circuit, and each two-way electromagnetic valve of smell passage connects the output of described multifunctional data acquisition card respectively in the described multi-channel gas generation device by described digital output encoder-decoding circuit.
7, as claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 described a kind of animal olfaction study training systems, it is characterized in that: described cage comprises a cage body and a training panel, the bottom of described cage body is provided with a slot, described electric-shocking plate inserts in the described slot, described slot bottom is provided with a groove, connect the plate that animal excrements use and insert described groove, described training is arranged on the opening part of described cage body one side with panel, described training is offered the circular hole that stretches out for the animal head with the panel bottom, described infrared sensor is installed in the described training above the described circular hole on panel.
8, a kind of animal olfaction study training system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described cage comprises a cage body and a training panel, the bottom of described cage body is provided with a slot, described electric-shocking plate inserts in the described slot, described slot bottom is provided with a groove, connect the plate that animal excrements use and insert described groove, described training is arranged on the opening part of described cage body one side with panel, described training is offered the circular hole that stretches out for the animal head with the panel bottom, described infrared sensor is installed in the described training above the described circular hole on panel.
9, as claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 6 or 8 described a kind of animal olfaction study training systems, it is characterized in that: the automatically controlled waterworks except that the little bowl of described feedwater comprise that one connects the plastic tube of the little bowl of feedwater, and described plastic tube connects a water storage bottle by an electromagnetism water valve.
10, as claim 5 or 7 described a kind of animal olfaction study training systems, it is characterized in that: the automatically controlled waterworks except that the little bowl of described feedwater comprise that one connects the plastic tube of the little bowl of feedwater, and described plastic tube connects a water storage bottle by an electromagnetism water valve.
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