CN101236188A - Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus - Google Patents
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- CN101236188A CN101236188A CNA2007100634191A CN200710063419A CN101236188A CN 101236188 A CN101236188 A CN 101236188A CN A2007100634191 A CNA2007100634191 A CN A2007100634191A CN 200710063419 A CN200710063419 A CN 200710063419A CN 101236188 A CN101236188 A CN 101236188A
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Abstract
A soil moisture wireless measuring device comprises two parts, namely a wireless sensing device and a wireless setting device which is connected with the wireless sensing device and is used for detection operation. The wireless sensing device which is used to measure soil water content, soil temperature and soil compactness comprises an impedance converter, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, an information acquisition device, a second wireless communication module and a CPU processor. The wireless setting device which is designed as a hand held type instrument comprises a central controller, and a keyboard input module, a display module, a memory module and a first wireless communication module respectively connected with the central controller. The impedance converter consists of three parts, namely a signal source, a transmission line and a probe. The soil moisture wireless measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that: the device is capable of measuring the soil temperature, soil compactness and soil water content simultaneously; the device has the performances of high bandwidth, high linearity and low power consumption; the device facilitates the realization of the real-time detection of field soil water content with brief design, simple operation and portability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, particularly a kind of soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus.
Background technology
Current, under water resource worsening shortages situation, using water wisely, efficient water more and more are subjected to the generally attention of countries in the world government.Promoting water-saving technology and equipment is the conserve water resource, improves an effective way of water utilization rate.As the China of world agriculture big country, implement water-saving irrigation, seek that the soil moisture fast measurement technique is particularly important efficiently.Chinese population accounts for 22% of the world, and freshwater resources only account for 8% of world's total amount, and water resources ownership per capita is 2300m3/ only, only be equivalent to the world per capita 1/4, be one of 13 the poorest countries of per capita in the world water resource.China's water resource is very poor on the one hand, and waste is very big again on the other hand.Agricultural water accounts for more than 80% of social total water consumption, but validity is very poor.At present, China year about 3,800 hundred million m3 of irrigation water capacity, effective rate of utilization has only 30%---and 40%, and advanced country has reached 70%---and 80%, 1 kilogram of the grain-production scarce capacity of every cubic centimetre of water of China, advanced country has reached 2.35 kilograms.One of reason that causes this situation is exactly not have a kind of effective soil moisture measurement technology to ensure the enforcement of water-saving agricultural technology system, and China more presses for a kind of suitable soil moisture fast measurement technique of applying aborning of research and development thus.
Soil is as a polynary compound system of being made up of inert solid, active solid, solute, gas and water, and its physical property can reflect by the physical parameter under the different definition.The experimental results shows that soil moisture content and compactness are two most important physical parameters that influence crop growth.Water is the lifeblood that guarantees crop growth, the series reaction that is taken place in the soil, and energy is all relevant with moisture with mass exchange, and its direct relation crop yield and quality.Soil compaction is not only closely related with the break ground root system development situation of rate and plant of the germination of seed, also directly affects the migration process of soil moisture simultaneously.Applicant is thought after this field is by long-term further investigation, although the research to soil compaction and moisture method for real-time measurement has obtained some breakthrough respectively in laboratory environment since the last century the eighties, still do not found out a kind of effective information obtaining means so far as yet and can walk out really that the laboratory directly applies to farmland moisture and compactness is measured.
Exist with next problem for the soil moisture sensor that has had at present:
1. up to now, though utilize soil dielectric property measured soil water cut to obtain very big progress, no matter but be the TDR measuring method that gains universal acceptance, or FD and SWR, Deng traditional measurement method dividing processing in the real-time acquisition process of soil information all, so that can't be effectively applied to the farmland actual measurement with soil compaction and these two important physical parameter of water cut.
2. measured soil compactness our times various countries are the most frequently used is still Penetrometer.This device comprises a circular cone according to ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers) standardized designs, and when circular cone entered soil horizon with constant speed, the resistance size that is subjected to by real-time measurement conical surface was estimated the actual compaction of soil.Consider that its resistance is directly proportional with the lifting surface area of conical surface, so " cone index " be defined as " resistance when circular cone enters soil horizon with constant speed on the conical surface unit area ".Though defined cone index is directly proportional with soil compaction really, it is simultaneously closely related with factors such as the soil texture and soil moisture contents.Be under the situation of certain value at soil compaction for example, soil moisture content is big more, and the measured value numerical value of cone index is more little.Obviously, directly to use cone index be not the true size of objective evaluation soil compaction on isolated ground.
3. present, the soil moisture sensor of selling on the market is substantially based on the one point sensing device, mainly in application relies on wired mode networking, is not suitable for the needs of remote no worker monitor system.
By above analysis as can be known, the present soil moisture sensor that exists is this one-parameter of measured soil water cut only, has not both had to consider soil moisture content is had the soil compaction problem of significant impact, does not also consider the wireless transmission problem.For soil compaction and two important parameters of soil moisture content are combined together, the unmanned detection in real time of measuring realization field soil water cut does not simultaneously have at present as yet to be seen.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of soil moisture, compactness and soil moisture content can measurements simultaneously, high frequency range, high linearity and low power consumption, simple to operate, can carry, help realizing the unmanned soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus that detects in real time of field soil water cut.
For achieving the above object, soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, comprise some wireless sensing devices and wireless setting device coupled, that be used for detecting operation, wireless sensing device comprises the impedance transformer that is used to detect soil moisture content, the pressure transducer that is used to detect soil compaction, information acquisition device, second wireless communication module and CPU processor, the detection signal of impedance transformer is connected to the CPU processor by information acquisition device, the detection signal of pressure transducer is connected to the CPU processor, and the CPU processor links to each other with second wireless communication module; The wireless setting device comprises central controller and the keyboard load module that links to each other respectively with it, display module, memory module and first wireless communication module; The CPU processor links to each other with second wireless communication module is wireless by first wireless communication module with central controller.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said impedance transformer comprises high-frequency signal source, coaxial transmission line and soil moisture probe, high-frequency signal source and soil moisture probe are connected to the two ends of coaxial transmission line respectively, and the detection signal of described impedance transformer takes out and be connected to information acquisition device by the two ends of coaxial transmission line respectively.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said information acquisition device comprises first high frequency geophone, second high frequency geophone and comparison amplifier, the detection signal of described impedance transformer is connected to first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone respectively, the output signal of first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone is connected to two input ends of comparison amplifier respectively, and the output signal of comparison amplifier is connected to the signal input part of described CPU processor.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said wireless sensing device further comprises temperature sensor, the detection signal of described temperature sensor is connected to described CPU processor.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone adopt the broadband wave detector respectively.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said wireless sensing device is respectively equipped with second source module that links to each other with the CPU processor and first power module that links to each other with central controller with the wireless setting device, and the wireless setting device is provided with the charging module that links to each other with first power module.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, wherein said central controller is provided with keyboard load module and the display module that links to each other respectively with it, described wireless setting device is a moveable structure, and described moveable structure comprises keyboard and the display with several buttons.
Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention, it is the chip of SPCE061A that wherein said central controller adopts model, described CPU processor adopting model is the chip of MEGA8.
The advantage of soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention is:
1. the soil moisture measurement circuit linearity of wireless sensing device is good, has broad frequency band.Because signal source frequency is up to 100MHz, therefore the frequency of detecting circuit is very high, high-frequency operational amplifier LT1813 has guaranteed the high frequency performance of detecting circuit under the high frequency operating mode, the coupling of resistance capacitance parameter makes the soil moisture measurement circuit have favorable linearity output in addition, effectively guaranteed precision and the range measured, performance is enough to satisfy practical application.
2. the soil moisture measurement circuit has very wide measurement range (0-100% water cut).
3. the wireless setting device is the hand-held instrument, and volume is little, is convenient to carry, and its power consumption is little, does not need to be equipped with a large amount of reserve batteries.
4. keyboard Designing is succinct, and is simple to operate, cheap, meets the need of market.
Be elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment, so that purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage are had deep understanding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of measurement mechanism central controller of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of CPU processor in the measurement mechanism of the present invention and second wireless communication module and sensor;
Fig. 4 is the circuit diagram of measurement mechanism middle impedance transducer of the present invention and information acquisition device;
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of first power module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the circuit diagram of second source module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the circuit diagram of charging module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the circuit diagram of first wireless communication module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the circuit diagram of memory module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of keyboard load module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of display module in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the measuring principle figure of measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the outside drawing of wireless setting device in the measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the outside drawing of wireless sensing device in the measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Embodiment
With example technical scheme is elaborated below.
With reference to Fig. 1, soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises some wireless sensing devices 2 and wireless setting device 1 two parts coupled, that be used for detecting operation, all adopts the 9V powered battery.Wireless sensing device 2 is used for measured soil water cut, temperature and compactness, wireless setting device 1 is designed to the hand-held instrument, with reference to Figure 13, hand-held device is provided with " ON/OFF ", " setting ", " measurement ", " deletion " and 4 options buttons, be used for the setting wireless sensing device parameter, read and the measurement result of display radio sensing device.The hand-held device volume is little, is convenient to carry, and its power consumption is little, and is chargeable, does not need to be equipped with a large amount of reserve batteries.
In wireless sensing device 2, the detection signal of impedance transformer 21 is connected to CPU processor 20 by information acquisition device 22, the detection signal of pressure transducer 23 and temperature sensor 27 is connected to CPU processor 20, and CPU processor 20 links to each other with second wireless communication module 25.
With reference to Figure 12, the following describes the measuring principle of soil moisture content in the soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention:
Any one section uniform transmission line is divided into many differential section dz, for uniform transmission line, because its distribution parameter is equally distributed along the line, and because the length of line element dx is extremely short, so can will regard a lumped circuit as, and come equivalence with a Γ type network.When the length of transmission line equals four of wavelength/for the moment, the crest of standing wave and trough are just at the two ends of concentric cable.That is:
In the following formula
Be transmission line two terminal potentials, the numerical value of A depends on the amplitude of oscillator, and Zc is the characteristic impedance of coaxial transmission line, in case definite, its value is determined value when coaxial transmission line.So the potential difference (PD) at transmission line two ends is only relevant with the characteristic impedance ZL of probe under the constant situation of A and Zc, the characteristic impedance of probe is relevant with the dielectric property of soil, and the dielectric property of soil is decided by the water cut of soil, so can reach the purpose of measured soil water cut by the characteristic impedance of measuring sonde.Therefore, the soil moisture measurement principle is a kind of measuring method based on transmission line impedance conversion principle.
With reference to Fig. 4, information acquisition device 22 comprises first high frequency geophone, second high frequency geophone and comparison amplifier, the detection signal of impedance transformer 21 is connected to first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone respectively, and the output signal of first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone is connected to two input ends of comparison amplifier respectively.First high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone are the broadband wave detector.
With reference to Fig. 5-Fig. 7, wireless sensing device 2 also is respectively equipped with second source module 26 that links to each other with CPU processor 20 and first power module 15 that links to each other with central controller 10 with wireless setting device 1, and wireless setting device 1 is provided with the charging module 16 that links to each other with first power module 15.CPU processor 20 and central controller 10 are by first wireless communication module 14 and 25 wireless linking to each other of second wireless communication module.
Below the main circuit in the soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention is described respectively.
Detect in the soil moisture content process at wireless sensing device 2, with reference to Fig. 4, U4 is the high-frequency signal source (SOC) of impedance transformer 21, high-frequency signal divides from No. 3 pin output backs makes two-way, No. 3 pins of the first high frequency geophone U6 (LT1813) of the direct input information collector 22 of the first via, again by No. 1 pin output process diode D2, D3 and resistance R 4 backs are to capacitor C 3 chargings, the voltage of capacitor C 3 is imported No. 5 pins through resistance R 4, by the crest voltage of No. 7 pin output high-frequency signals, this crest voltage is inputed to No. 2 pins (inverting input) of the comparison amplifier U1 (AD623) of information acquisition device 22 again; The second tunnel coaxial transmission line (50 ohm coaxial cable) through resistance R 1, capacitor C 1 and impedance transformer 21 is emitted on the soil moisture probe J2-2 of impedance transformer 21, and be coupled with the high-frequency signal of J2-2 end reflection and produce high frequency standing wave signal, with No. 3 pins of the second high frequency geophone U7 (LT1813) of this standing wave signal input information collector 22, through No. 3 pins (normal phase input end) from the crest voltage of No. 7 pins output standing wave signals of U7 to comparison amplifier U1 (AD623) after the processing identical with first via signal; The crest voltage of two paths of signals exports from No. 6 pins after U1 (AD623) handles that No. 24 pins of CPU processor 20 (MEGA8) are converted to digital signal X as A/D Fig. 3 to, MEGA8 adopts formula Y=kX+b to calculate soil moisture content and be sent to second wireless communication module 25 through PB1 and PB2 (13 and 14 pin), sends to central controller 10 (with reference to Fig. 2) by second wireless communication module 25 and first wireless communication module 14 (with reference to Fig. 8) again.
Detect in the soil moisture and the compactness process at wireless sensing device 2, with reference to Fig. 3, the soil moisture passes through temperature sensor measurement, it exports digital signal, signal wire (No. 2 pins) directly is connected to the PD1 pin of CPU processor 20 (MEGA8), and wireless sensing device 2 directly obtains the soil moisture by PD1 and temperature sensor 27 communications after receiving acquisition.Soil compaction is measured by pressure transducer 23, it exports simulating signal, output signal is carried out the A/D conversion through the PC1 pin of CPU processor 20 (MEGA8), by being converted to the soil compaction parameter, wireless sensing device 2 sends to wireless setting device 1 together with the soil moisture content and the soil moisture by two wireless communication modules with this parameter after receiving acquisition again.
The following describes the course of work of soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention:
Set: when first the use, should carry out the parameter setting wireless sensing device 2.Start wireless setting device 1, enter the parameter setting state by " setting " button, successively import the water cut calibrating parameters of wireless sensing device 2 according to the text prompt on the display, wireless setting device 1 sent to wireless sensing device 2 with parameter after input was finished, wireless sensing device 2 returns confirmation to wireless setting device 1 after receiving data, assignment procedure finishes, and wireless setting device 1 changes the measurement state over to.Soil moisture content is calculated by linear function relational expression Y=kX+b, and wherein Y is a soil moisture content, is percentage, and X is the output voltage values (unit volt) of soil moisture testing circuit, and kb is that calibrating parameters (dimensionless) is provided by producer.Under set condition, " left " and " to the right " key table shows zero clearing and affirmation, and numerical value is revised by " making progress " or " downwards " button.
For example the value of setup parameter k is 22.3: signal language " integral part of input k " occurs after entering set condition, the numerical value that show this moment is 00, pinning " making progress " button becomes 22 until numerical value and (pins " making progress " button numerical value and will constantly add 1 to 99, pin " downwards " button numerical value and will constantly subtract 1 to-99), confirm by " to the right " expression again, signal language " fraction part of input k " can appear this moment, and numerical value is shown as 0, be revised as 3 by " making progress " key, confirm to enter the setting of parameter b by " to the right " expression.The setting of parameter b is similar with k.When input, if the non-expectation numerical value of input can re-enter then by the rapid zero clearing of " left " key accidentally.
Measure: start wireless setting device 1 (pressing once " ON/OFF " button), promptly send data acquisition command by " measurement " button wireless setting device 1 to wireless sensing device 2, referring to Fig. 2, command signal is exported to No. 1 pin DATA of first wireless communication module 14 (PTR 4000) among Fig. 8 by the IOA6 pin of central controller 10 (SPCE061A), be sent to No. 1 pin DATA of second wireless communication module 25 (PTR4000) among Fig. 3 again, be sent to the PB2 of CPU processor 20 (MEGA8) then.Gather humidity, temperature and the compactness of soil after wireless sensing device 2 receives orders, and data are returned to wireless setting device 1, signal transfer direction is opposite with above-mentioned signal trend.The wireless setting device writes memory module with the data of receiving and shows in real time.Under the measurement state, can browse the measurement historical data of preserving in the storer by " making progress " or " downwards " button, current data presented can be removed from storer by " deletion " button.
The advantage of soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of the present invention is:
1. the soil moisture measurement circuit linearity of wireless sensing device is good, has broad frequency band. Since signal source frequency up to 100MHz, so the frequency of detecting circuit is very high, high-frequency operational amplifier LT1813 have guaranteed detecting circuit under the high frequency operating mode High frequency performance, the coupling of resistance capacitance parameter makes the soil moisture measurement circuit have good linearity output in addition, has effectively guaranteed Precision and the range measured, performance is enough to satisfy practical application.
2. the soil moisture measurement circuit has very wide measurement category (0-100% water content).
3. the wireless setting device is the hand-held instrument, and volume is little, is convenient to carry, and its power consumption is little, does not need to be equipped with a large amount of reserve batteries
4. keyboard Designing is succinct, and is simple to operate, cheap, meets the need of market.
Claims (8)
1. soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus, comprise some wireless sensing devices (2) and coupled, the wireless setting device (1) that is used for detecting operation, it is characterized in that: described wireless sensing device (2) comprises the impedance transformer (21) that is used to detect soil moisture content, be used to detect the pressure transducer (23) of soil compaction, information acquisition device (22), second wireless communication module (25) and CPU processor (20), the detection signal of described impedance transformer (21) is connected to described CPU processor (20) by described information acquisition device (22), the detection signal of described pressure transducer (23) is connected to described CPU processor (20), and described CPU processor (20) links to each other with described second wireless communication module (25); Described wireless setting device (1) comprises central controller (10) and the memory module (13) and first wireless communication module (14) that link to each other respectively with it; Described CPU processor (20) and described central controller (10) are by described first wireless communication module (14) and wireless linking to each other of second wireless communication module (25).
2. soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein said impedance transformer (21) comprises high-frequency signal source, coaxial transmission line and soil moisture probe, high-frequency signal source and soil moisture probe are connected to the two ends of coaxial transmission line respectively, and the detection signal of described impedance transformer takes out and be connected to information acquisition device (22) by the two ends of coaxial transmission line respectively.
3. soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: wherein said information acquisition device (22) comprises first high frequency geophone, second high frequency geophone and comparison amplifier, the detection signal of described impedance transformer is connected to first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone respectively, the output signal of first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone is connected to two input ends of comparison amplifier respectively, and the output signal of comparison amplifier is connected to the signal input part of described CPU processor (20).
4. soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus according to claim 3 is characterized in that: wherein said first high frequency geophone and second high frequency geophone adopt the broadband wave detector respectively.
5. according to the soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of claim 4, it is characterized in that: wherein said wireless sensing device (2) further comprises temperature sensor (27), and the detection signal of described temperature sensor (27) is connected to described CPU processor (20).
6. according to the soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of claim 5, it is characterized in that: wherein said central controller (10) is provided with keyboard load module (11) and the display module (12) that links to each other respectively with it, described wireless setting device (1) is a moveable structure, and described moveable structure comprises keyboard and the display with several buttons.
7. according to the soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus of claim 6, it is characterized in that: wherein said wireless sensing device (2) is respectively equipped with second source module (26) that links to each other with CPU processor (20) and first power module (15) that links to each other with central controller (10) with wireless setting device (1), and wireless setting device (1) is provided with the charging module (16) that links to each other with first power module (15).
8. soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus according to claim 7 is characterized in that: it is the chip of SPCE061A that wherein said central controller (10) adopts model, and it is the chip of MEGA8 that described CPU processor (20) adopts model.
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| CN1092334C (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2002-10-09 | 李培德 | Remote soil moisture measurer |
| DE10261138B4 (en) * | 2002-11-15 | 2006-03-02 | Schulze Lammers, Peter, Prof. Dr. | Soil sensor and method for measuring soil parameters |
| CN100561223C (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2009-11-18 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of measuring equipment of synchronous real-time measurement soil three parameters |
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| CN201000448Y (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-01-02 | 北京林业大学 | Soil moisture wireless measuring apparatus |
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