CN101235064B - 可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体涉及到化学基团修饰的硫代核苷或核苷酸分子,修饰硫代核苷或核苷酸分子的化学基团在一定条件下能够转变成羟基,并能被用于多聚核苷酸序列的分析,该硫代核苷或硫代核苷酸单体分子结构为:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及到化学基团修饰的硫代核苷或核苷酸分子,修饰硫代核苷或核苷酸分子的化学基团在一定条件下能够转变成羟基,并能被用于多聚核苷酸序列的分析,属于生物技术领域。
技术背景
在分子生物学研究中,DNA的序列分析是进一步研究和改造目的基因的基础。目前用于最为广泛应用的测序技术是Sanger等(1977)发明的双脱氧链末端终止法,Sanger法测序的原理就是利用一种DNA聚合酶来延伸结合在待定序列模板上的引物。直到掺入一种链终止核苷酸为止。每一次序列测定由一套四个单独的反应构成,每个反应含有所有四种脱氧核苷酸三磷酸(dNTP),并混入限量的一种不同的双脱氧核苷三磷酸(ddNTP)。由于ddNTP缺乏延伸所需要的3-OH基团,使延长的寡聚核苷酸选择性地在G、A、T或C处终止。终止点由反应中相应的双脱氧而定。每一种dNTPs和ddNTPs的相对浓度可以调整,使反应得到一组长几百至几千碱基的链终止产物。它们具有共同的起始点,但终止在不同的的核苷酸上,可通过高分辨率变性凝胶电泳分离大小不同的片段,凝胶处理后可用X-光胶片放射自显影或非同位素标记进行检测。目前,人类基因组序列30亿碱基的测序工作已经完成,已识别出一批重要的人类疾病相关的基因。此外,很多的模式生物以及细菌、古细菌、支原体和酵母等全基因组的测序已经完成。Sanger法的优势在于可以分析未知的DNA序列,而且单向反应的读序能力较长,目前的技术可以达到1000bp以上,然后,在实际工作中,很多情况需要对已知序列的DNA片段进行序列验证或是对为数不多的位点进行分析验证,在这种情况下,较短序列的高通量测序方法更为适用。
测序技术可以在多个领域进行应用,在分子诊断学方面,可以用于病原微生物的快速鉴定,遗传病分子诊断(如SNPs,SNP等位频率),在法医鉴定方面,如对线粒体D-Loop区的HVI和HVII高可变区进行分析,在药物基因组学方面,如瑞典Eurona Medical AB与Pyrosequencing公司合作对血管紧张转换酶(ACE)的SNP进行分析以及在农业生物方面都有诸多应用。
测序技术的发展与出现,是建立在测序试剂发展的基础上的,从最初的放射性同位素标记的双脱氧核糖核苷酸,进而发展到单色荧光标记的双脱氧核糖核苷酸,以及四色荧光标记的双脱氧核糖核苷酸,到现在的可脱保护的四色荧光标记的双脱氧核糖核苷酸。测序试剂的发展推动着新的测序技术的出现,为新测序技术提供了高速度、低成本和高通量的技术途径。
发明内容
技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体,为新的测序技术所能利用的测序试剂,为新测序技术的低成本、高速度和高通量奠定基础。
技术方案:本发明以预制的硫代核苷或核苷酸单体为基本原料,利用优化的化学合成途径用取代基对核糖或脱氧核糖基团2′和3′位置上的原子进行取代,所得修饰的核苷或核苷酸可被应用于新测序技术以及相关技术领域,所述修饰的核苷酸具有以下基本结构:
其中:上述硫代核苷或硫代核苷酸分子由碱基基团Y、核糖或脱氧核糖基团和硫代三磷酸根基团构成;核糖或脱氧核糖基团2′和3′位置上连接着R1和R2基团,R1或R2基团可以被分解,形成羟基。
其中碱基基团是嘌呤(purine)或者嘧啶(pyrimidine),三磷酸根基团是硫代三磷酸根基团。所述的R1和R2可以是相同的基团,也可以是不同的基团,R1和R2可以是但不限于是以下的基团:H,OH,羰基,
所述的R4,R5和R6分别是:R4可以是氢原子或烃基;R5可以是氢原子或烃基;R6可以是烃基,环烃基,链烯基,环烯基或苄基。
制备的是核苷或核苷酸分子,该分子由碱基基团和核糖或脱氧核糖基团构成,核糖或脱氧核糖基团2′和3′位置上连接着R1和R2基团,在一定条件下,R1或R2基团可以被分解,形成羟基(-OH)。所述的碱基基团是嘌呤(purine)或者嘧啶(pyrimidine)。所述的嘌呤是氮杂嘌呤(deazapurine)。所述的X是氢原子,磷酸根基团,二磷酸根基团或三磷酸根基团。所述的三磷酸根基团是硫代三磷酸根基团。所述的R1和R2可以是相同的基团,也可以是不同的基团。所述的R4,R5和R6分别是:R4可以是氢原子或烃基;R5可以是氢原子或烃基;R6可以是烃基,环烃基,链烯基,环烯基或苄基。
以下三类取代基修饰的脱氧核糖核苷酸是本发明的优选化合物:
化合物代号 | R1 | R2 | X | Y |
HCW-1 | CHOO- | H | 硫代三磷酸根基团 | 嘧啶或嘌呤 |
HCW-2 | CH2=CHCH2O- | H | 硫代三磷酸根基团 | 嘧啶或嘌呤 |
HCW-3 | CH3CH2CH2CH2O- | H | 硫代三磷酸根基团 | 嘧啶或嘌呤 |
结构为:
HCW-1:
HCW-2:
HCW-3:
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:
本发明的最大优点是降低测序成本。现有的测序核苷酸试剂,特别是相同或相似测序方法的技术中所用的测序试剂通常都是需要两种化学修饰,因此合成产率很低,导致这一类试剂价格很高,本发明对核苷酸进行一种修饰,产率相对较高,因此,合成成本较低。
本发明是应用广泛,适合多种测序方法,而这些测序方法可以在医药、医疗、农业生产以及生命科学研究等多个方面应用。
具体实施方式
实例1:优选化合物HCW-2的化学合成
1mmol硫代三磷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸,27mmol NaOH和0.4mol溴丙烯在12mL苯种混合,回流5小时后,停止反应,滤去固体物质,将滤液浓缩得到物质溶于50mL 3%CCl3COOH/氯仿溶液中,搅拌一分钟后,用饱和NaHCO3溶液中和,分出有机相,水相以氯仿萃取多次后合并,无水Na2SO4干燥,蒸干溶液后得黄色泡装物2.45克,得率为85%。
实例2:优选化合物HCW-3的化学合成
将4.8克硫代三磷酸脱氧核糖核苷酸溶于无水丙腈,共蒸发后,再溶于85mL无水二氯甲烷中。再将8.92克正丁基氰基乙基-N,N-二异丙基磷酰胺(n-butylcyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite)加入到上述溶液中。
经过剧烈振荡混匀后,加入1.92克四氮唑(Tetrazole),搅拌10小时。反应混合物在盐冰浴中(-10℃)冷却后,缓慢加入10mL叔丁基氢过氧化物(t-butylhydroperoxide)的癸烷溶液(4~5Mol)。反应2~3小时后,将反应混合物转入分液漏斗,并用50mL含5%二硫化钠的二氯甲烷洗涤两次,再用50mL饱和氯化钠洗涤一次。待乳浊液分层后,分离并保留有机相,用旋转真空干燥仪挥发二氯甲烷。用3×25mL乙醚洗涤癸烷,洗涤之后小心去掉上层乙醚,将油相溶于12.5mL二氯甲烷中,并加入125mL乙醚,静置15分钟,倒掉溶剂,并在真空中干燥油相,将干燥后的油相溶于甲醇中(每克油加入10mL甲醇),并加入2当量的NaOH,室温下搅拌1~2小时,反应混合物经过真空浓缩后,共蒸发去除残留的水分,产物加入100mL丙腈,反应1~2小时后,进行真空干燥处理,得到产物HCW-3。
实例3:基于3’端可脱保护硫代碱基修饰保护往复延伸的荧光测序法测定人基因组p16外显子1序列
设计一对针对人基因组p16外显子1的PCR引物,其中一条引物5’端修饰着氨基。用PCR引物扩增人样本(血液、组织等)中的p16外显子1序列片段,PCR产物纯化后,通过点样的办法在醛基修饰的基片上形成阵列,氨基与醛基缩合后,洗去未结合的PCR产物,采用变性的办法去除未固定的DNA链,得到单一的模板链,将修饰保护的引物与固定的DNA模板杂交,并确保模板链的3’端突出5~6个碱基以上。
加入四种不同荧光修饰的ddNTP和聚合酶的混合液,在引物的3’端进行一个碱基的延伸,通过扫描,一次性确定模板序列第一个碱基的信息,然后用核酸外切酶III切除掉延伸的四种不同荧光碱基ddNTP,加入四种3’端可脱保护硫代碱基(HCW-2),在聚合酶的作用下,填充ddNTP原先的位置,并且只延伸一个碱基,加入脱保护液(0.05mol/L碘化钾),3’端可脱保护硫代碱基进行脱保护同时3’端进行活化,得到羟基,清洗干净后,再加入四种不同荧光修饰的ddNTP和聚合酶的混合液,进行下一步的延伸过程,如此循环,直到PCR序列确定。
Claims (5)
3. 根据权利要求1所述的可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体,其特征在于所述的的R2是与R1相同的基团,或是与R1不同的基团并选自H、OH、羰基。
4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体,其特征在于所述的R4是氢原子或烃基;R5是氢原子或烃基;R6是烃基、环烃基、链烯基、环烯基或苄基中的一种。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的可脱保护的硫代核苷酸单体,其特征在于所述的核苷或核苷酸分子存在的对映异构体。
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