CN101193657A - 杀体内寄生虫组合物 - Google Patents

杀体内寄生虫组合物 Download PDF

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CN101193657A
CN101193657A CNA2006800078245A CN200680007824A CN101193657A CN 101193657 A CN101193657 A CN 101193657A CN A2006800078245 A CNA2006800078245 A CN A2006800078245A CN 200680007824 A CN200680007824 A CN 200680007824A CN 101193657 A CN101193657 A CN 101193657A
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V·-R·卡尼坎蒂
M·特劳贝尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于外部施用的组合物,其包含Emodepside和吡喹酮或依西太尔以及1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇,涉及该组合物的制备以及其用于防治体内寄生虫的用途。

Description

杀体内寄生虫组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及用于外部施用的组合物,其包含Emodepside和吡喹酮或依西太尔(Epsiprantel)以及1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇,涉及该组合物的制备以及其用于防治体内寄生虫的用途。
背景技术
驱虫活性化合物吡喹酮(US P 4 001 411)以及结构上相关的活性化合物依西太尔(US P 4 661 489)通常是口服用药的,参见例如DE-A-19941 024、WO 98/03157、US 2002/0081292 A1和WO 97/25976。在体表(topischer)施用杀体内寄生虫剂的情形下,活性化合物不得不通过皮肤进入血流以到达所述的体内寄生虫。因为吡喹酮和依西太尔不是特别适合透皮施用,由于所预期的难度,对于该活性化合物而言,体表透皮施用形式是不常规的。利用吡喹酮皮肤处理寄生虫疾病的组合物描述于EP-A-267 404中。然而,施用该组合物限于猫,其中与例如在狗的情形下相比,通常显著地更易于达到有效的透皮施用。
WO 01/60380(Phoenix Scientific,Inc.)公开了注射或泼浇(pour-on)施用的杀寄生虫的制剂,该制剂可以包含吡咯烷酮溶剂、其它的溶剂以及杀寄生虫的活性化合物。活性化合物的范围列表尤其提及了吡喹酮。
EP-A-1 308 163(Wyeth)公开了包含莫西菌素吡喹酮、苯甲醇、乙醇、胶体二氧化硅、表面活性剂和油的凝胶形式的杀体内寄生虫组合物。
WO 95/23590(Bomac Laboratories)公开了一种制备皮肤施用的驱虫组合物的复杂方法。该组合物包含载体、乳化剂、油和稀释剂。适宜的活性化合物尤其是苯并咪唑类,但大环内酯和吡喹酮也是特别提及的。
WO 02/094288公开了一种包含阿维菌素肟类衍生物,尤其是赛拉菌素与吡喹酮相组合的动物的药物。所提议的给药途径包括体表施用;相应的制剂包含二(C2-4-二醇)单(C1-4-烷基)醚,以及任选的皮肤友好溶剂。
环状缩酚肽PF1022及其对体内寄生虫的作用已知于EP-A 382 173。
其它的环状缩酚肽及其杀体内寄生虫的作用是德国专利申请EP-A 626 376;EP-A 626 375;EP-A 644 883的主题。
驱虫活性的环状缩酚肽Emodepside已知于WO 93/19053。
包含吡喹酮或依西太尔和环状缩酚肽的杀体内寄生虫组合物描述于EP 662 326中。
WO 96/38165的主题提供包含阿维菌素、齐墩螨素、弥拜菌素与环状缩酚肽,以及任选的吡喹酮或依西太尔相组合的杀体内寄生虫组合物。
包含缩酚肽例如Emodepside的皮肤施用的组合物特别地描述于WO 01/62268以及我们的申请WO 05/055973中。
然而,尤其是在某些寄主中,在控制某些生物体和/或在低施用浓度下,现有技术中的这类组合物的活性水平和/或作用持续时间在所有使用区域不能完全令人满意。
由于需要满足现代药剂的各种需求,例如涉及活性水平(例如活性化合物的血浆浓度)、作用持续时间、作用谱、施用范围、毒性、活性化合物的组合、与制剂助剂的组合,以及由于可能出现的抗药性,因此在任何时候都不能结束对新药剂的开发,目前对至少在某些方面具有优于已知组合物的有利之处的新组合物有着持续的强烈需求。
为了能使宠物主人以尽可能简单的方式施用杀体内寄生虫活性化合物,此外希望还需要提供外部施用的组合物,其中本申请中的外部施用通常指施用至动物皮肤或皮毛。
如上述文献所公开的,当体表施用时,分子量>1000u的分子穿透皮肤是非常差的。尤其差的是具有较大分子量的肽或蛋白质的穿透(Cevc等,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 18(1996)349-378;Bauer等,Pharmazeutische Technologie,1993,第364页,Thieme Verlag;Gurny等,Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery,1993,第131页,Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft)。然而,在杀体内寄生虫活性化合物的情形下,由于活性化合物意欲对例如在胃肠道中的体内寄生虫起作用,因此穿透是前提。
尽管少数现有技术的出版物建议体表施用吡喹酮或环状缩酚肽,然而本领域技术人员已知的是这些活性化合物并不是特别适合该建议的,并且作为结果的是这些已知制剂并非完全令人满意,尤其是在例如所谓的推动剂量的蠕虫(dose-driving worms)中,例如鞭虫(犬鞭虫(Trichurisvulpis))和/或绦虫(犬绦虫(Taenia canis))。
发明内容
现已发现了一种杀体内寄生虫组合物,其中当外部施用时,其显示了对广谱体内寄生虫的非常优良的活性以及同时具有优良的稳定性。
本发明的主题是:
组合物,其包含作为活性化合物的:
-Emodepside和
-吡喹酮或依西太尔,
和作为溶剂的1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇,其中组合物中的水含量至多为1重量%。
此外,本发明的主题还提供一种制备该组合物的方法,其中将活性化合物与溶剂,以及任选的其它助剂相混合。
INN Emodepside指具有如下系统名称的化合物:环[(R)-乳酰基-N-甲基-1-亮氨酰基-(R)-3-(对-吗啉代苯基)乳酰基-N-甲基-1-亮氨酰基-(R)-乳酰基-N-甲基-1-亮氨酰基-(R)-3-(对-吗啉代苯基)乳酰基-N-甲基-1-亮氨酰基]。Emodespide描述于WO 93/19053中,并且具有如下结构式:
Figure S2006800078245D00031
吡喹酮和依西太尔是长期以来已知的控制体内寄生虫的活性化合物(参见,例如US 4 661 489公开了依西太尔,并且US 4 001 411公开了吡喹酮)。含有吡喹酮的产品是市售的,例如以商品名Droncit市售获得。在本发明中,优选使用吡喹酮。
根据本发明,还可以使用纯的立体异构体和立体异构体的混合物。若化学上可能的是,还可以使用药物上可接受的盐。此外,还可以将活性化合物的前药用于该组合物中,其中待施用前药后,实际的活性化合物从后者释放出来。
本发明组合物具有有利的温血动物毒性,其适于防治人和动物畜牧业和家畜饲养业、生产家禽、种用家畜、动物园动物、实验室动物、试验中使用的动物和宠物所遇到的病原体体内寄生虫。其对抗性和一般敏感性物种类有活性,并且在害虫发育的所有或部分阶段有活性。通过防治病原体体内寄生虫,以减少疾病,避免家畜死亡并且避免产品量的减少(例如肉,奶,羊毛,皮革,蛋,蜂蜜等的生产中),因此通过使用该活性化合物可以实现更经济更简单的动物的喂养。病原体体内寄生虫包括绦虫属(Cestoden),吸虫属(Trematoden),线虫属(Nematoden)和Acantocephalen:
吡喹酮或依西太尔特别地防治如下体内寄生虫:
假叶目(Pseudophyllidea),例如裂头绦虫属(Diphyllobothrium spp.),裂头绦虫属(Spirometra spp.),裂首绦虫属(Schistocephalus spp.),舌状绦虫属(Ligula spp.),沟槽绦虫属(Bothridium spp.),Diphlogonoporus spp.。
圆叶目(Cyclophyllidea),例如中殖孔绦虫属(Mesocestoides spp.),拟裸头绦虫属(Anoplocephala spp.),副裸头绦虫属(Paranoplocephala spp.),蒙尼绦虫属(Moniezia spp.),燧体绦虫属(Thysanosomsa spp.,Thysaniezia spp.),无卵黄线绦虫属(Avitellina spp.),斯泰绦虫属(Stilesia spp.),锡带绦虫属(Cittotaenia spp.),Andyra spp.,伯特绦虫属(Bertiella spp.),带绦虫属(Taenia spp.),棘球绦虫属(Echinococcus spp.),Hydatigera spp.,戴维绦虫属(Davainea spp.),瑞利绦虫属(Raillietina spp.),膜壳绦虫属(Hymenolepis spp.),Echinolepis spp.,Echinocotyle spp.,双睾绦虫属(Diorchis spp.),Dipylidium spp.,Joyeuxiella spp.,Diplopylidium spp.。
单殖亚纲(Monogenea),例如Gyrodactylus spp.,指环虫属(Dactylogyrus spp.),多盘吸虫属(Polystoma spp.)。
复殖亚纲(Digenea),例如双穴吸虫属(Diplostomum spp.),茎双穴吸虫属(Posthodiplostomum spp.),血吸虫属(Schistosoma spp.),毛毕吸虫属(Trichobilharzia spp.),鸟毕吸虫属(Ornithobilharzia spp.),澳毕吸虫属(Austrobilharzia spp.),巨毕吸虫属(Gigantobilharzia spp.),彩蚴吸虫属(Leucochloridium spp.),短咽吸虫属(Brachylaima spp.),棘口吸虫属(Echinostoma spp.),棘缘吸虫属(Echinoparyphium spp.),棘隙吸虫属(Echinochasmus spp.),寡肉吸虫属(Hypoderaeum spp.),肝片吸虫属(Fasciola spp.),Fasciolides spp.,姜片吸虫属(Fasciolopsis spp.),环肠吸虫属(Cyclocoelum spp.),盲腔属(Typhlocoelum spp.),同端盘吸虫属(Paramphistomum spp.),杯殖吸虫属(Calicophoron spp.),殖盘吸虫属(Cotylophoron spp.),巨盘吸虫属(Gigantocotyle spp.),菲策吸虫属(Fischoederius spp.),腹袋吸虫属(Gastrothylacus spp.),背孔吸虫属(Notocotylus spp.),下弯吸虫属(Catatropis spp.),斜睾吸虫属(Plagiorchis spp.),前殖吸虫属(Prosthogonismus spp.),双腔吸虫属(Dicrocoelium spp.),肠吸虫属(Eurytrema spp.),鲑吸虫属(Troglotremaspp.),肺吸虫属(Paragonimus spp.),肛瘤吸虫属(Collyriclum spp.),小叶吸虫属(Nanophyetus spp.),后睾吸虫属(Opisthorchis spp.),Clonorchis spp.,次睾吸虫属(Metorchis spp.),Heterophyes spp.,Metagonimus spp.。
Emodepside特别地防治如下体内寄生虫:
嘴刺目(Enoplida),例如鞭虫属(Trichuris spp.),毛细线虫属(Capillaria spp.),Trichomosoides spp.,毛线虫(Trichinella spp.)。
小杆亚纲(Rhabditia),例如Micronema spp.,类圆线虫属(Strongyloides spp.)。
圆线目(Strongylida),例如圆线虫(Stronylus spp.),三齿线虫(Triodontophorus spp.),食道齿线虫属(Oesophagodontus spp.),毛线线虫属(Trichonema spp.),Gyalocephalus spp.,Cylindropharynx spp.,杯口线虫属(Poteriostomum spp.),Cyclococercus spp.,Cylicostephanus spp.,结节线虫属(Oesophagostomum spp.),夏柏线虫属(Chabertia spp.),肾线虫属(Stephanurus spp.),Ancylostoma spp.,弯口线虫属(Uncinaria spp.),Bunostomum spp.。
球头线虫属(Globocephalus spp.),比翼线虫属(Syngamus spp.),杯口线虫属(Cyathostoma spp.),后圆线虫属(Metastrongylus spp.),网尾线虫属(Dictyocaulus spp.),缪氏线虫属(Muellerius spp.),原圆肺虫(Protostrongylus spp.),Neostrongylus spp.,囊尾线虫属(Cystocaulus spp.),肺圆线虫属(Pneumostrongylus spp.),尖尾线虫属(Spicocaulus spp.),Elaphostrongylus spp.,Parelaphostrongylus spp.,环棘属(Crenosoma spp.),Paracrenosoma spp.,鼠肺线虫属(Angiostrongylus spp.),Aelurostrongylus spp.,Filaroides spp.,Parafilaroides spp.,毛圆属(Trichostrongylus spp.),血矛属(Haemonchus spp.),奥斯特属(Ostertagia spp.),马歇尔属(Marshallagia spp.),古伯属(Cooperia spp.),细颈属(Nematodirus spp.),猪圆属(Hyostrongylus spp.),若剑属(Obeliscoides spp.),Amidostomum spp.,壶肛属(Ollulanus spp.)。
尖尾目(Oxyurida),例如尖尾属(Oxyuris spp.),住肠属(Enterobius spp.),钉尾属(Passalurus spp.),管线属(Syphacia spp.),无刺属(Aspiculuris spp.),异刺属(Heterakis spp.)。
蛔虫目(Ascaridia),例如蛔属(Ascaris spp.),弓蛔属(Toxascaris spp.),弓首属(Toxocara spp.),副蛔属(Parascaris spp.),无饰属(Anisakis spp.),蛔型属(Ascaridia spp.)。
旋尾属(Spirurida),例如颚口属(Gnathostoma spp.),泡翼属(Physaloptera spp.),雄突属(Thelazia spp.),筒线属(Gongylonema spp.),柔线属(Habronema spp.),副柔线属(Parabronema spp.),德拉西属(Draschia spp.),龙线属(Dracunculus spp.)。
线虫目(Filariida),例如Stephanofilaria spp.,副丝虫属(Parafilaria spp.),丝状属(Setaria spp.),罗阿属(Loa spp.),恶丝虫属(Dirofilaria spp.),Litomosoides spp.,Brugia spp.,吴策属(Wuchereria spp.),盘尾属(Onchocerca spp.)。
巨吻棘头虫族(Gigantorhynchida),例如Filicollis spp.,捻珠棘虫属(Moniliformis spp.),Macracanthorhynchus spp.,前巨睾棘头虫属(Prosthenorchis spp.)。
利用适宜活性化合物的组合可以覆盖如上所列的体内寄生虫的所有谱。尤其优选的是利用本发明的组合物防治如下体内寄生虫:猫蛔虫(Toxocara cati),犬小蛔虫(Toxascaris leonina),猫钩虫(Ancylostomatubaeforme),犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum),肥颈绦虫(Taeniataeniaeformis)和多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis)。
家畜和家禽包括哺乳动物,例如牛,马,绵羊,猪,山羊,骆驼,水牛,驴,兔子,驯鹿,黄占鹿,毛皮动物,例如水貂,灰鼠或浣熊,鸟类,例如鸡,鹅、火鸡,鸭,鸵鸟。
实验室和试验用动物包括小鼠,大鼠,豚鼠,金色仓鼠,狗和猫。
宠物,包括狗和猫。
给药可以起预防性作用以及治疗性作用。
尤其优选的是给药给猫。
本发明组合物优选是液态的,例如悬浮液、乳状液或尤其是溶液。根据本发明,所使用的溶剂为1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇,其可以作为唯一的溶剂或以与其它溶剂的混合物来使用。这类溶剂混合物优选包含至少60体积%的1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇。尤其优选的是使用1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇作为唯一的溶剂。
出人意外地,当外部施用时,发现包含溶剂1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇-优选以至少60体积%的浓度-的这类本发明组合物防治线虫和绦虫尤其具有良好的作用,而无需使用本领域通常推荐的所谓穿透增强剂。
对于上述溶剂混合物进一步适宜的溶剂为药物上可接受的具有适宜溶解性能的有机溶剂,例如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)。
为了将1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇水解的危险降至最小并且为了显著地改善制剂的稳定性,建议将本发明组合物中的水含量保持尽可能低;通常来说,水含量不应当超过1重量%,并且优选不超过0.5重量%。
1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇的一种水解产物是丙酮,根据国际准则,其在药物中的浓度应当保持尽可能低。此外,丙酮会影响活性化合物在体内的吸收。这些性能的变化,例如在储存期间1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇的水解是药物不能接受的。
本发明组合物中的溶剂含量通常为基于最终组合物的总重量的60至96重量%,优选为70至96重量%,尤其优选为80至90重量%。
还有利的是将兽药中的其它常规助剂加至本发明组合物中。
优选的助剂为例如氧化稳定剂,例如丁基羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和抗坏血酸。其可以以例如基于最终组合物的总重量的0.1至1重量%,优选0.3至0.7重量%的浓度来使用。
其它优选的助剂为稳定剂,例如有机酸,尤其是乳酸。其通常以基于最终组合物的总重量的1至5重量%,优选1至3重量%来使用。
任选,本发明组合物还可以包含增效剂或其它活性化合物。
即刻可用的制剂通常包含浓度为0.1至25重量%,优选0.1至20重量%的活性化合物,其中对于Emodepside而言,优选浓度为0.5至5重量%,尤其是1至3重量%,对于吡喹酮或依西太尔而言,优选浓度为1至15重量%,尤其是5至10重量%。
该组合物是通过将相应量的组分在适宜容器中相混合来制得的;优选地,将各组分相混合直至形成清澈的溶液。
通常,已发现有利的是,计量本发明组合物,从而每次施用每kg的体重给药约1至约100mg的所述活性化合物。在Emodepside情形下,优选为1至20mg,尤其是1至10mg的活性化合物/kg体重,并且在吡喹酮或依西太尔情形下,为5至50mg,尤其是5至20mg的活性化合物/kg体重。
具体实施方式
实施例1
100g的溶液,组成为:
7.94g的吡喹酮
1.98g的Emodepside
87.58g的1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇
2.00g的乳酸
0.50g的丁基羟基苯甲醚。
在临床研究中,发现实施例1的组合物在猫中防治蛔虫(Toxocaracati),犬小蛔虫(Toxascaris leonina),猫钩虫(Ancylostoma tubaeforme),犬复孔绦虫(Dipylidium caninum),肥颈绦虫(Taenia taeniaeformis)和多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multiocularis)的侵染具有非常好的作用。

Claims (7)

1.组合物,其包含作为活性化合物的:
-Emodepside和
-吡喹酮或依西太尔,
和作为溶剂的1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇,其中组合物中的水含量至多为1重量%。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含作为活性化合物的Emodepside和吡喹酮。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其特征在于,所使用的溶剂包含至少60体积%的1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项的组合物,其特征在于,该组合物包含1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇作为唯一的溶剂。
5.制备权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物的方法,其特征在于,将活性化合物与溶剂,以及任选的其它助剂相混合。
6.Emodepside和吡喹酮或依西太尔在制备组合物中的用途,其中所述组合物包含1,2-异亚丙基丙三醇作为溶剂,该组合物具有的水含量至多为1重量%,并且该组合物适合外部施用,以防治体内寄生虫。
7.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的组合物用于防治体内寄生虫的用途。
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IL185856A (en) 2016-06-30
CA2600638A1 (en) 2006-09-14
TW200700085A (en) 2007-01-01
AR053691A1 (es) 2007-05-16
PL1863535T3 (pl) 2017-10-31
PE20061071A1 (es) 2006-11-30
EP1863535A1 (de) 2007-12-12
BRPI0608287A2 (pt) 2009-12-22

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