CN101189116B - 设备箱壳的制造方法及由该方法制造的设备箱壳 - Google Patents

设备箱壳的制造方法及由该方法制造的设备箱壳 Download PDF

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CN101189116B
CN101189116B CN2006800158127A CN200680015812A CN101189116B CN 101189116 B CN101189116 B CN 101189116B CN 2006800158127 A CN2006800158127 A CN 2006800158127A CN 200680015812 A CN200680015812 A CN 200680015812A CN 101189116 B CN101189116 B CN 101189116B
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mould
sheet material
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CN101189116A (zh
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A·卢伊西
S·库尔
J·M·安东尼
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/08Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • F25D23/062Walls defining a cabinet
    • F25D23/064Walls defining a cabinet formed by moulding, e.g. moulding in situ
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2791/00Shaping characteristics in general
    • B29C2791/004Shaping under special conditions
    • B29C2791/007Using fluid under pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C51/00Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/10Forming by pressure difference, e.g. vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/762Household appliances
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Abstract

一种设备箱壳及其类似物的制造方法,特别是制造带有双壁的冰箱箱壳的方法,由此聚合物板材通过热作用在模具中真空成形为塑料制品。该模具包括中心的阳模部分和环形的阴模部分,阳模部分用以成形箱壳的腔室,阴模部分用以成形箱壳的双壁,使用辅助柱塞来驱动模具的阴模部分中的板材。

Description

设备箱壳的制造方法及由该方法制造的设备箱壳
本发明涉及一种设备箱壳及其类似物的制造方法,尤其是一种制造冰箱或洗碗机的箱壳的方法,在该方法中聚合物板材通过热作用在模具中真空成形为塑料制品。更进一步说,本发明涉及带有双壁的箱壳,该术语表示为在内壁与外壁之间加入绝缘和/或结构材料的内壁与外壁的组合(至少在箱壳的一个侧面),例如聚合物泡沫体。
本发明还涉及由这种方法制造的箱壳及类似物,尤其是冰箱或洗碗机的箱壳。
箱壳和门组成了最简单的家用冰箱绝缘壳体。在发泡前,箱壳的结构主要是由内衬件(通常由塑料热成形制成)、外衬件和背板(波纹塑料板材或金属板材)组成。应用其它一些组件作为顶部及底部的撑条将这些部件连接在一起,有些情形下,使用钢或塑料折叠箔片形成压缩机外壳。外部衬件(左侧、顶部和右侧)可以仅仅由折叠钢箔片形成,也可以由三种不同的金属板形成。金属部分必须进行涂覆。
各部分需要连锁安装,并且安装时需要专门的工具、起重机、人力以及例如带子、胶粘剂和密封胶等辅助材料。
尽管设计和制造过程并不复杂,但如前面所描述,各部件的数量和安装操作的次数仍很大。
基本上为“一次注射”成形制造双壁箱壳的方法已为公知,使用这种方法,内部衬件和外部衬件(至少在箱壳的四壁,即顶部、底部和两个侧壁)是一起成形的。
美国专利US3091946描述了一种制造绝缘箱壳的方法,该方法通过真空成形相对薄的合成材料板材,该板材的厚度为大约4mm。所使用的合成材料为聚苯乙烯、聚甲基苯乙烯,以及它们与苯乙烯-丁二烯、丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚物、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物或苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物等的混合物。
已知的方法包括加热合成材料板材,沿着边缘将其夹持在一个移动框架上,将所述的片放置在可加热的模具上,该模具由模腔和通道组成,由通道向所述的模腔加入热空气,使该板材被加热膨胀,在模腔中导入可加热的柱塞,沿着模具移动该移动框架,并且在框架和柱塞停止移动时,通过所述的通道抽真空,以使板材粘附到模具上。
上述方法不能成形形状相对复杂的制品。
其原因在于,这种方法同时在整个板材的面积上操作,导致在板材被划分的各组成面积上有不同的增长,其结果是某些区域临界厚度降低以及可能发生撕裂。
意大利专利IT21451/87也揭示了相似的方法,在该方法中,分多个步骤进行的真空成形阶段与其它阶段分开。利用该已知方法可以成形形状相对复杂的制品,但是速度比较慢,并且具有在热成形后,板材厚度有明显变化的缺点,尤其相关的是,当放置在板材下面的模具被升高,这时其边缘对部分聚合物板材具有冷却作用,该部分在后面的步骤中保持基本相同的厚度,并且,这成为聚合物膜可能撕裂的原因。
上述两种方法的另一个缺点是,箱壳内部表面质量差,因为该表面并非与热成形模具接触的表面。
本发明的目的是,提供一种消除现有技术中所述的缺陷、以聚合物材料板材为起始的真空成形方法。
在本发明中,成形方法包括所附的权利要求书所述的步骤。
根据本发明的方法,可制造一个只包括两部分的结构完整的箱壳:单个的箱壳双壁衬片和之后所加的背板。这两部分都是由热成形过程制成的塑料制品。背板由传统模制方法制造,衬件则经快速热成形过程而形成,该过程中板材的表面较为明显,即,相比于现有技术,箱壳的内表面和外表面光洁度更加优良。
参照附图,本发明中该方法的其它特征及优点将在以下实施例的描述中详细介绍:
图1-3为根据本发明的制造过程示意图;
图4为根据图1-3的方法制造的箱壳的第一实施例的透视图;
图5-6分别为箱壳第二实施例的分开和装配在一起的透视图;
图7为图6中箱壳组件的透视图;
图8为沿着图6中VIII-VIII线的截面图;
图9为根据本发明的带有安装门的设备的箱壳透视图;
图10为图9中的箱壳组件的透视图;
图11为图9中沿XI-XI线的截面图;
图12为本发明的箱壳安装门所用组件的一种变型;
图13-14为图10中组件的两种变型。
本发明的热成形技术使用了阳模(male)/阴模(female)模具,即由阳模和阴模组成的模具。更进一步说,模具的阴模来成形箱壳的外表面,阳模来成形箱壳的内表面(内部衬件)。本方法不仅采用真空成形,还结合使用压缩空气来形成塑料制品。
所采用的塑料是专门应用于冰箱产品的食品级高抗聚苯乙烯(HIPS)。最适合的是由BASF提供的“聚苯乙烯2710”和由Polimeri Europa提供的“EdistirRR740E”,这两种材料都具有如下主要的特征:熔体流动速率指数为4g/10min,对于发泡剂具有抗应力断裂性,为挤出和热成形等级。
如附图所示,第一步是将软化的塑料板材S放置到冠状辅助柱塞10和在开放位置的阳模/阴模模具12之间(图1)。在该布置状态中,框架14支撑着板材S。模具12有中心升高部分12a(阳模),其外轮廓为面对辅助柱塞10的低末末端10a的环形槽状部分12b(阴模)。
在第二步中(图2),框架14夹持板材S向下运动,将板材S送到与模具12的上边缘12c接触。第三步(图3)中,辅助柱塞10向下运动的同时,通过通道系统13和支撑板14上的中央槽道14a排出在板S和模具壁之间的空气。与此同时,压缩的气体通过支撑辅助柱塞10的平板18上的中央槽道18a被吹出。该气体压力有助于推动板S到模具壁上。
图4是根据上述过程制造的箱壳C的示意图。尽管这种箱壳C具有适用于冰箱的特征,但显然地,根据本发明的方法所制造的箱壳也可以用于洗碗机或者其它类似的设备。应用在上述过程中具体的阳模/阴模模具使热成形板材的收缩方向为从从模具12的外阴模12b到内阳模12a,以便在箱壳的前表面Cf和水平脚Cl之间得到90°的α角(图9),即箱壳C得以直立凸起底部。这种水平脚Cl为直线型、相互平行并且基本位于由箱壳(C)的两个竖直侧壁所限定的相同平面上。
如图4所示,箱壳的实施例有很多加强筋20和后部凸缘22。加强筋可以起到固化和美观的作用。图4中还示出了箱壳C上连接到凸缘22的背板P。
图5示出了制造冰箱一种可实施方式,该冰箱包括带有成形切口24的箱壳C(在热成形的最后),以及带凹槽部分26的热成形背板P′和用来容纳冰箱的压缩机及其它附件的盒状容器27。图6-8进一步示出了C形压缩机的平板28悬挂在盒状容器27中的步骤。
根据本发明,当将压缩机板的两个弯曲末端28a插入绝缘材料注射的区域中时,效果尤其显著。由图8可以明显看出,平板28的两个弯曲末端28a嵌入到聚氨酯泡沫F中,这样省去了固定件及安装操作。压缩机的平板28设置为有一定的宽度,使得平板28和盒状容器的壁之间形成槽K,以便不用增大压缩机的外壳即可实现良好的排气。
图9示出了往箱壳C上装配门(图中未示出)的第一种方式。根据这种形式,在绝缘泡沫体F注入前,将带有两个弯曲的末端30a的扁平杆30(图10)置于箱壳C的热成形衬件内。这两个末端30a从箱壳的前边缘Cf的水平槽32(图11)凸出,以使其可用于支撑门。对于使用磁系统来将门关闭的冰箱,可以用一个矩形的框架34来代替杆30,如图12所示,框架有两个凸起34a,这两个凸起与杆30上弯曲的末端30a所起的作用相同。上述杆30和框架34的安装不需要任何紧固件,因为在绝缘材料的注射过程中,它们被压在箱壳相应边缘Cf上。
图13和图14示出了类似于图10中安装箱壳门的托架。这两种形式的托架(由金属重量板制成)都可以让压力转移到底面上。它们呈对称布置,但不一定必须这样布置,因为仅仅需要一个成形的末端36a就可以将门上的负荷转移到加强筋上。图13所示的这种形式中,托架36使门可以磁性接触保持关闭。如图14所示,托架36的中央部分36b远离衬件安装,这可以尽量减少箱壳在托架与衬件界面上从内表面向外表面的热传导。
蒸发器线圈(图中未示出)可以与隔板相连,从而在可以制冰的腔室内形成较冷区域。
采用Edistir RR740E进行试验性和中试性的生产。
挤出制造的塑料板材厚度为3.50mm。
使用的热成形机为多站(装载站+加热站+成形/冷却站+卸载站)与“在线”形式。
该成形机可以对板材采用连续加热,这样可使整个板材的厚度上的温度分布几近一致。温度在160℃-180℃范围内。烤箱站的各加热器都是各自独立控制的,这样可以根据模具形状和配置的需要,在塑料板表面上得到区别显微的温度分布。
使用这种成形机、该成形参数设定下、该材料等级和该限定的板材厚度下,可使一个周期为50-60sec,也就是说,远远优于现有技术。
热成形箱壳的厚度分布相对比较均匀。对41个点(垂直剖面上21个以及水平剖面上20个)进行测量分析后,其平均厚度为0.9mm。最小厚度读数为0.63mm,最小值也在塑料衬件的国内标准(0.50mm)之上。
箱壳的外部尺寸为高830mm、宽500mm和深450mm,内部尺寸为高710mm、宽400mm和深400mm。箱壳C的内部容积大约为100L。
根据本发明的方法,允许角上有常见的材料堆积,因此可以制造非常美观的箱壳。根据本发明的技术,可能发生的材料堆积在对着绝缘材料箱壳“内部”。另外,根据本发明的方法,通过辅助柱塞,拉伸模具阴模壁内的塑料薄片来形成“箱壳壁”,从而“堆积”现象得到进一步降低。
根据本发明的技术,因为模具内存在压缩气空气,成形制品外角可以具有比较尖的半径,并且可以更好的形成一些细节。这一特征(模具内的压力)也适用于使塑料表面上具有更加美观的修饰面(即,各种纹理)。
由于可以借助辅助柱塞的参数(形状、滑动材料所用的塑料、可变速度、可变温度、操作时间)而对拉伸进行很好的控制,因此还可以降低塑料薄片的厚度(大约30%)。
减小箱壳外部-模具的阴模部分之间的脱模角(在本实施例中为1°),可以获得外观规则(方形)的产品。已知现有技术中,为将部件从阳模上脱下,脱模角必须足够大以补偿冷却阶段塑料制品的收缩。用本发明中的模具,当塑料收缩使得部件从模具的阴模自然脱离,该部件就成为箱壳的外壁。
根据本发明的方法,热成形过程允许箱壳的设计有一些变化,从而结合一些特征并节省一些部件和装配操作。例如,水平脚(箱壳底部的短脚)是由箱壳形成的。模具的阴模形状使得脚底部有0°的脱模角,这使得冰箱可以在地板上完全垂直的放置。
根据本发明的方法,在外部衬件上增加一个凸缘(依据美学观点设计)以增加稳定性。这个凸缘可以使背板不用旋转即可轻松放置,从而减少了装配时间。
根据本发明的方法制造的箱壳可适于自由竖置或内装的设备。
另外,根据本发明的方法制造的箱壳可以用于卧式冰柜,即,腔室开口在水平面以及背板面对地板的冰柜。在这种结构(图中未示出)中,由于重力作用而保持关闭,门不需要任何的锁禁装置及磁性系统。由于没有侧开门所用的金属托架,降低了门的重量,并且因为没有金属托架上的热传导途径,外表面收缩可大大降低。
本发明制造的箱壳的另一个可能的用途是作为冰箱抽屉,即,插入和/或滑动到家具内的箱壳。在上述所有应用中,即立式冰箱或冰柜、卧式冰柜或冰箱抽屉,箱壳结构提供了压缩机的安装位置,从而使冰箱可以是立式或卧式的类型箱壳。此外,根据本发明的方法制造的箱壳重量轻,这使得箱壳可以安装在厨房中橱柜通常的相对顶部。这种情形下,可以通过远置冷凝系统和及进一步分离强制空气冷却系统(通过输入及输出导管连接到箱壳)来减轻重量。

Claims (3)

1.一种设备箱壳的制造方法,由此聚合物板材通过热作用在模具中真空成形为塑料制品,其特征在于:模具(12)包括中心的阳模部分(12a)和环形的阴模部分(12b),阳模部分用来成形箱壳(C)的腔室,阴模部分用来成形箱壳(C)的双壁,并且,使用柱塞辅助装置(10、10a)用来驱动模具(12)的阴模部分(12b)上的板材(S)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述设备箱壳是带有双壁的冰箱及洗碗机的箱壳。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:在板材(S)的一侧施加气体压力的同时另一侧抽真空,使其与柱塞辅助装置(10、10a)接触,从而拉伸板材(S)。
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