CN101184845A - 胶囊青霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶 - Google Patents
胶囊青霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的分离的多肽和编码所述多肽的分离的核酸序列。本发明还涉及包含所述核酸序列的核酸构建体、载体和宿主细胞,以及用于产生和使用多肽的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及具有α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的分离的多肽和编码该多肽的分离的核酸序列。本发明还涉及包含所述核酸序列的核酸构建体、载体和宿主细胞,以及用于产生和使用所述多肽的方法。
发明背景
阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶能水解α-L-阿拉伯糖苷中的末端非还原性α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷残基,并被分类为EC 3.2.1.55。
Filho等(Appl.Environ.Microbiol.1996,Vol.62,168-173)公开了来自胶囊青霉(P.capsulatum)的两个α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的纯化和表征,所述两个α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的分子量分别为64.5kDa和62.7kDa。
来自黑曲霉的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶及其序列可从WO9606935得知。
发明简述
本发明人令人惊讶地从胶囊青霉菌株中分离出α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。所述α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的大小为大约35kDa。本发明的成熟氨基酸序列与WO9606935中的黑曲霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶具有76%的同源性。本发明人还分离出编码所述新α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的基因。
因此,在本发明的第一方面提供阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶,其为:a)多肽,该多肽具有如SEQ ID NO:2所示成熟肽的氨基酸序列,或者可通过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、缺失,和/或插入由其获得的多肽;b)(a)或(b)所述多肽的类似物,其:i)与所述多肽具有至少80%同源性,ii)是所述多肽的等位变体,c)由核酸序列编码的多肽,所述核酸序列在高严紧条件下与编码成熟多肽的SEQ ID NO:2的核酸序列的互补链或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交。
在第二方面,本发明提供核酸序列,所述核酸序列包含编码第一方面中阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的核酸序列。
在第三方面,本发明提供核酸序列,其包含:a)编码SEQ ID NO:2所示的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的DNA序列,b)类似物DNA序列,其i)与所述DNA序列具有至少80%同源性,或者ii)在高严紧条件下与所述DNA序列的互补链,或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交,iii)是其等位变体,或者包含a)或b)的互补链。
在第四方面,本发明提供核酸序列,其与SEQ ID NO:1所示的DNA序列具有至少80%同源性,或者a)在高严紧条件下与所述DNA序列的互补链或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交,b)是其等位变体,或者是a)或b)的互补链。
在第五方面,本发明提供核酸构建体,其包含第二、第三和第四方面的核酸序列,所述核酸序列与能指导阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在合适的表达宿主中表达的一个或多个控制序列可操作地连接。
在第六方面,本发明提供重组表达载体,其包含第五方面的核酸构建体。
在第七方面,本发明提供重组宿主细胞,其包含第六方面的核酸构建体。
在第八方面,本发明提供用于产生阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的方法,其包括在有益于阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶产生的条件下培养第七方面的宿主细胞,和回收阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
在第九方面,本发明提供第一方面的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的用途。
发明详述
在本发明的第一个实施方案中,分离的多肽具有的氨基酸序列与SEQ IDNO:2的氨基酸1至328(即,成熟多肽)所示的氨基酸序列具有至少80%同一性。在本发明的令人感兴趣的实施方案中,所述多肽与SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列具有至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%,或者至少99%的同一性(下文中的“同源多肽”)。
在优选的实施方案中,同源多肽具有的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列相差5个氨基酸,例如4个氨基酸,如3个氨基酸,相差2个氨基酸,或相差1个氨基酸。
可以通过本领域已知的计算机软件,如GCG软件包(Program Manual forthe Wisconsin Package,Version 8,August 1994,Genetics Computer Group,575Science Drive,Madison,Wisconsin,USA 53711)中提供的GAP合适地比对序列和计算同源性(Needleman,S.B.and Wunsch,C.D.,(1970),Journal of MolecularBiology,48,443-453)。使用下述设置比较氨基酸序列:GAP产生罚分为3.0,GAP延伸罚分为0.1。用于确定同源性的氨基酸序列的相关部分是成熟多肽,即,无信号肽。
优选地,本发明的多肽包含如SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列,其等位变体,或其具有阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的片段。明显地,本发明的多肽也可以由SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列组成。
等位变体表示占据相同染色体基因座的基因的任何两种或两种以上可选形式。等位变异通过突变天然地发生,并且可导致种群内的多态性。基因突变可以是沉默的(在编码的多肽中无变化)或可以编码具有改变的氨基酸序列的多肽。多肽的等位变体是由基因的等位变体编码的多肽。
在本发明的第二个实施方案中,分离的多肽由核酸序列编码,所述核酸序列在低严紧条件下,优选在中严紧条件下,更优选在高严紧条件下,与下述序列杂交:(i)SEQ ID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的核酸序列的互补链,或者(ii)(i)的至少100个核苷酸的亚序列(J.Sambrook,E.F.Fritsch,and T.Maniatus,1989,Molecular Cloning,A Laboratory Manual,2d edition,ColdSpring Harbor,New York)。
如SEQ ID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的核酸序列,其互补链的亚序列可以为至少100个核苷酸,或者优选至少200个核苷酸。此外,亚序列应该编码具有葡萄糖转移酶活性的多肽片段。多肽也可以是具有葡萄糖转移酶活性的多肽的等位变体或片段。
SEQ ID NO:1或其亚序列,以及SEQ ID NO:2或其片段;可用于设计核酸探针,以根据本领域内公知的方法从不同属和种的菌株鉴定和克隆编码具有阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的多肽的DNA。具体而言,根据标准的Southern印迹方法,可将这些探针用于与感兴趣的属或种的基因组或cDNA杂交,以鉴定和分离其中相应的基因。这些探针可明显短于完整序列,但长度上应为至少15,优选至少25,更优选至少35个核苷酸。也可以使用较长的探针。DNA和RNA探针二者均可使用。通常将探针标记以探测相应的基因(例如,用32P、3H、35S、生物素或抗生物素蛋白(avidin)标记)。这些探针包含于本发明中。
因而,可从由这些其它生物体制备的基因组DNA或cDNA文库中筛选DNA,所述DNA与上述探针杂交并且编码具有阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的多肽。可以通过琼脂糖或聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,或通过技术人员公知的其它分离技术分离来自这些其它生物体的基因组或其它DNA。可以将来自文库的DNA或分离的DNA转移至硝化纤维素(nitrocellulose)或其它合适的载体材料并且固定于其上。为了鉴定与SEQ ID NO:1或其亚序列同源的克隆或DNA,将所述载体材料用在Sounthern印迹中。就本发明而言,杂交表示核酸序列在低至高的严紧条件下与标记的核酸探针;它的互补链;或它们的亚序列杂交,所述核酸探针对应于SEQ ID NO:1所示核酸序列。可使用X射线片(X-ray film)检测在这些条件下与核酸探针杂交的分子。
在另一个令人感兴趣的实施方案中,核酸探针是编码SEQ ID NO:2的(成熟)多肽的核酸序列,或其亚序列。在第三个令人感兴趣的实施方案中,核酸探针是SEQ ID NO:1。在第四个令人感兴趣的实施方案中,核酸探针是SEQID NO:1的成熟多肽编码区。
对于长度至少100个核苷酸的长探针,将低至高的严紧条件定义为在42℃,在5X SSPE、0.3%SDS、200μg/ml已剪切并且变性的鲑精DNA中,根据标准的Southern印迹进行处理预杂交和杂交,并且对于低严紧性为25%的甲酰胺、对于中严紧性为35%的甲酰胺或对于高严紧性为50%的甲酰胺。
对于长度为至少100个核苷酸的长探针,使用2x SSC、0.2%SDS优选至少在50℃(低严紧性),更优选至少在55℃(中严紧性),甚至更优选至少在65℃(高严紧性)将载体材料最终洗涤三次,每次15分钟。
对于长度大约15个核苷酸至大约70个核苷酸的短探针,将严紧条件定义为在比用Bolton和McCarthy的计算法(1962,Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences USA 48:1390)计算的Tm低5℃至10℃,在0.9M NaCl,0.09M Tris-HCl pH 7.6,6mM EDTA,0.5%NP-40,1×Denhardt溶液,1mM焦磷酸钠(sodium pyrophosphate),1mM磷酸二氢钠(sodium monobasicphosphate),0.1mM ATP和0.2mg每ml的酵母RNA中,根据标准的Southern印迹步骤进行预杂交、杂交和杂交后洗涤。
对于长度大约15个核苷酸至大约70个核苷酸的短探针,将所述载体材料在6×SSC加0.1%SDS中洗涤一次15分钟,并用6×SSC在比计算的Tm低5℃至10℃的温度洗涤两次,每次15分钟。
如上所述,本发明的多肽可以是具有SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的多肽或其成熟多肽,其中一个或多个氨基酸已被另一个(其它)氨基酸取代,其中一个或多个氨基酸已缺失,和/或在其中已插入一个或多个氨基酸。
优选地,氨基酸改变对性质是不重要的,即保守的氨基酸取代,其不显著影响蛋白质的折叠和/或活性;通常为1至大约30个氨基酸的小缺失;小的氨基或羧基末端延伸,例如氨基末端甲硫氨酸残基;多至大约20-25个残基的小接头肽;或通过改变净电荷或其它功能来促进纯化的小延伸,例如多组氨酸序列(poly histidine tract)、抗原表位(antigenic epitope)或结合域。
保守取代的实例是在以下组之内:碱性氨基酸组(精氨酸、赖氨酸和组氨酸)、酸性氨基酸组(谷氨酸和天冬氨酸)、极性氨基酸组(谷氨酰胺和天冬酰胺)、疏水性氨基酸组(亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸)、芳族氨基酸组(苯丙氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸)和小氨基酸组(甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和甲硫氨酸)。通常不改变比活性(specific activity)的氨基酸取代是本领域已知的,并且由例如H.Neurath and R.L.Hill,1979,In,The Proteins,Academic Press,New York描述。最普遍发生的交换是Ala/Ser、Val/Ile、Asp/Glu、Thr/Ser、Ala/Gly、Ala/Thr、Ser/Asn、Ala/Val、Ser/Gly、Tyr/Phe、Ala/Pro、Lys/Arg、Asp/Asn、Leu/Ile、Leu/Val、Ala/Glu和Asp/Gly,及其反向的交换。
通常,对于具有SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列的多肽,优选本发明的多肽具有其阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的至少20%。对于具有SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸1至328所示的氨基酸序列,特别优选的多肽具有其阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的至少30%,如至少40%,例如至少50%,优选至少60%,如至少70%,例如至少80%,更优选至少90%,或至少95%。
SEQ ID NO:2所示的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的大小约为35kDa。优选本发明的多肽是大小为30到40kDa,更优选为32到36kDa,最优选35kDa的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
SEQ ID NO:2所示的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶属于糖苷水解酶家族62(GH62)。优选本发明的多肽是属于糖苷水解酶家族62(GH62)的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
本公开中所用的糖苷水解酶家族(GH)的编号方式是按照在URL:http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/~cazy/CAZY/index.html的CAZy-糖-活性酶服务器(Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes server)上Coutinho,P.M.和Henrissat,B(1999)的概念或者可选的Coutinho,P.M.和Henrissat,B.1999;The modular structure ofcellulases and other carbohydrate-active enzymes:an integrated database approach(纤维素酶和其它糖活性酶的模块结构:整合的数据库方法)。
本发明的多肽可以获得自任何属的微生物。就本发明而言,用于本文与给定的来源有关的术语“获得自”,意思是核酸序列编码的多肽由所述来源产生,或由其中插入了来自所述来源的核酸序列的细胞产生。在优选的实施方案中,所述多肽是胞外分泌的。
本发明的多肽可以是真菌多肽,更优选是丝状真菌多肽,如枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、短梗霉属(Aureobasidium)、隐球菌属(Cryptococcus)、Filibasidium、镰孢属(Fusarium)、腐质霉属(Humicola)、Magnaporthe、毛霉属(Mucor)、毁丝霉属(Myceliophthora)、Neocallimastix、脉孢菌属(Neurospora)、拟青霉属(Paecilomyces)、青霉属(Penicillium)、Piromyces、裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)、踝节菌属(Talaromyces)、热子囊菌属(Thermoascus)、梭孢壳属(Thielavia)、Tolypocladium或木霉属(Trichoderma)多肽。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,多肽是棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)、泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)、臭曲霉(Aspergillus foetidus)、日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus)、构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)、黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)、米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)、杆孢状镰孢(Fusarium bactridioides)、禾谷镰孢(Fusarium cerealis)、库威镰孢(Fusarium crookwellense)、大刀镰孢(Fusarium culmorum)、禾本科镰孢(Fusarium graminearum)、禾赤镰孢(Fusarium graminum)、异孢镰孢(Fusarium heterosporum)、合欢木镰孢(Fusarium negundi)、尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、多枝镰孢(Fusariumreticulatum)、粉红镰孢(Fusarium roseum)、接骨木镰孢(Fusarium sambucinum)、肤色镰孢(Fusarium sarcochroum)、拟分枝孢镰孢(Fusarium sporotrichioides)、硫色镰孢(Fusarium sulphureum)、圆镰孢(Fusarium torulosum)、拟丝孢镰孢(Fusarium trichothecioides)、镶片镰孢(Fusarium venenatum)、特异腐质霉(Humicola insolens)、疏棉状腐质霉(Humicola lanuginosa)、米黑毛霉(Mucormiehei)、嗜热毁丝霉(Myceliophthora thermophila)、粗糙脉孢菌(Neurosporacrassa)、胶囊青霉(Penicillium capsulatum)、产紫青霉(Penicilliumpurpurogenum)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)、康宁木霉(Trichodermakoningii)、长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)、里氏木霉(Trichodermareesei)或绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)多肽。
在最优选的实施方案中,多肽源自发菌科(Trichocomaceae)内的菌株;例如青霉菌属(Penicillium)内的菌株,例如胶囊青霉菌种内的菌株,特别是源自胶囊青霉菌株CBS 292.62。
可理解的是对于前述的菌种,本发明包含完全和不完全阶段(perfect andimperfect states)两种,和其它分类学的等同物(equivalent),例如无性型(anamorph),而无论它们已知的种名。本领域熟练技术人员将轻易地识别适当等同物的同一性。
这些具体的菌株在许多培养物保藏中心对于公众能够轻易地取得,所述保藏中心诸如美国典型培养物保藏中心(the American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC)、德意志微生物和细胞培养物保藏中心(Deutsche Sammiung vonMikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH)(DSM)、真菌菌种保藏中心(Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures)(CBS)和农业研究机构保藏中心北区研究中心(Agricultural Research Service Patent Culture Collection,NorthernRegional Research Center)(NRRL)。
本发明分离的多肽来自特定的胶囊青霉菌株,所述菌株可从真菌菌种保藏中心(Centraalbureau Voor Schimmelcultures(CBS),Uppsalalaan 8,3584CTUtrecht,The Netherlands(可选地,P.O.Box 85167,3508AD Utrecht,TheNetherlands)取得,登录号为CBS 292.62。
此外,可以使用上述的探针从其它来源,包括从自然界(例如,土壤、堆肥、水等)分离的微生物来鉴定和获得这些多肽。用于从天然生境(habitat)分离微生物的技术是本领域内公知的。随后可通过相似地筛选其它微生物的基因组或cDNA文库来获得所述核酸序列。一旦用所述探针检测到编码多肽的核酸序列,就能够使用本领域普通技术人员熟知的技术将所述序列分离或克隆(参见,例如,Sambrook et al.,1989,见上文)。
由本发明的核酸序列编码的多肽还包括融合多肽或可切割的融合多肽,其中将另外的多肽融合到所述多肽或其片段的N末端或C末端。通过将编码另一种多肽的核酸序列(或其部分)融合于本发明的核酸序列(或其部分)来产生融合的多肽。产生融合多肽的技术是本领域已知的,包括连接编码多肽的编码序列以使它们在阅读框中,并且使融合多肽的表达在相同启动子和终止子的控制下。
核苷酸序列
本发明还涉及编码本发明所述多肽的分离的核酸序列。
在一个令人感兴趣的实施方案中,所述核酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的核酸序列具有至少80%同一性。优选地,核酸序列与SEQID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的核酸序列具有至少85%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%,或者至少99%同一性。在本发明的另一个令人感兴趣的实施方案中,所述核酸序列包含SEQ ID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的氨基酸序列,其等位变体,或者其能够编码本发明多肽的片段。明显地,所述核酸序列可以由SEQ ID NO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的氨基酸序列组成。
本发明还包含核酸序列,所述核酸序列编码具有SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的多肽或其成熟多肽,由于遗传密码的简并性其不同于SEQ ID NO:1。本发明还涉及SEQ ID NO:1的亚序列,其编码具有阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性的SEQ ID NO:2的片段。
SEQ ID NO:1的亚序列是核酸序列,其包含于SEQ ID NO:2的核苷酸1至987中,只是从5’端/3’端缺失一个或多个核苷酸。
本发明还涉及编码本发明的多肽的分离的核酸序列,其在低严紧条件下,优选在中严紧条件下,更优选在高严紧条件下,与下述序列杂交:(i)SEQ IDNO:1的核苷酸1至987所示的核酸序列的互补链,或(ii)(i)的具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列。本发明还涉及(i)、(ii)和(iii)的互补链。
用于分离或克隆编码多肽的核酸序列的技术是本领域内已知的,包括从基因组DNA分离,从cDNA制备,或其组合。可通过例如使用熟知的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)或表达文库的抗体筛选以检测具有共有结构特性的克隆DNA片段,从而实现从这种基因组DNA克隆本发明的核酸序列。参见,例如,Innis et al.,1990,PCR:A Guide to Methods and Application,Academic Press,New York。可以使用其它核酸扩增方法,例如连接酶链式反应(LCR)、连接活化转录(ligated activated transcription;LAT)和基于核酸序列的扩增(NASBA)。可以从胶囊青霉的菌株,或从其它或相关的生物体克隆核酸序列,并且可以是例如所述核酸序列的多肽编码区的等位变体或种变体(species variant)。
分离的核酸序列可以,例如通过基因工程中使用的标准克隆步骤获得,以将核酸序列从其天然位置转移到不同的位点,并在该位点再生。克隆步骤可以包括切除和分离包含编码多肽的核酸序列的期望的核酸片段,将该片段插入载体分子,并将该重组载体整合入宿主细胞,在所述宿主细胞中,将复制该核酸序列的多个拷贝或克隆。所述核酸序列可以是基因组的、cDNA、RNA、半合成的、合成的来源,或它们的任何组合。
就本发明而言,两个核酸序列之间的同一性程度如上所述确定。
修饰编码本发明多肽的核酸序列对于合成与所述多肽基本上相似的多肽可能是必需的。术语与所述多肽“基本上相似”指多肽的非天然存在的形式。这些多肽可能以一些工程改造的方式而不同于从其天然来源分离的多肽,例如,比活、热稳定性、最适pH等方面不同的变体。可以在作为SEQ ID NO:1的多肽编码部分存在的核酸序列,例如其亚序列的基础上,和/或通过引入如下核苷酸取代来构建变体序列:所述取代不产生由核酸序列编码的多肽的另外的氨基酸序列,但是其符合意欲产生酶的宿主生物体的密码子选择;或者所述核苷酸取代可产生不同的氨基酸序列。关于核苷酸取代的概述,参见,例如,Ford et al.,1991,Protein Expression and Purification 2:95-107。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,这些取代能够在对于分子功能重要的区域之外进行,并且仍然产生活性多肽。对于由本发明的分离的核酸序列编码的多肽活性关键的并且因此优选不进行取代的氨基酸残基,可以根据本领域公知的方法,例如定位诱变或丙氨酸分区诱变法(参见,例如,Cunninghamand Wells,1989,Science 244:1081-1085)来鉴定。在后一技术中,将突变引入到分子中的每个正电残基处,并且测试所得突变分子的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶活性,以鉴定对于所述分子的活性关键的氨基酸残基。底物-酶相互作用的位点也能够通过分析三维结构测定,如通过核磁共振分析、晶体学或光亲和标记这样的技术来测定(参见,例如,de Vos et al.,1992,Science 255:306-312;Smith et al.,1992,Journal of Molecular Biology 224:899-904;Wlodaver et al.,1992,FEBS Letters 309:59-64)。
核酸构建体
本发明还涉及包含本发明的核酸序列的核酸构建体,所述核酸序列与一个或多个控制序列可操作地连接,所述控制序列能指导多肽在合适的宿主细胞中表达。
可以用许多方式操作编码本发明多肽的分离的核酸序列以提供多肽的表达。依赖于表达载体,在将核酸序列插入载体之前对其进行操作可能是理想的或必需的。使用重组DNA方法修饰核酸序列的技术是本领域熟知的。
控制序列包括对本发明多肽的表达必需或有利的所有组分。对于编码多肽的核酸序列,每个控制序列可以是天然的或是外源的。这样的控制序列包括,但是不限于,前导序列、聚腺苷酸化序列、前肽序列、启动子、信号肽序列,和转录终止子。最少的情况下,控制序列包括启动子,以及转录和翻译终止信号。控制序列可以与接头(linker)一起提供,以导入特定的限制酶位点,促进控制序列与编码多肽的核酸序列的编码区的连接。
控制序列可以是合适的启动子序列,其是由用于表达核酸序列的宿主细胞识别的核酸序列。启动子序列含有介导多肽表达的转录控制序列。启动子可以是在所选的宿主细胞中显示转录活性的任何核酸序列,包括突变的、截断的和杂合的启动子,并且可以从编码与宿主细胞同源或异源的胞外或胞内多肽的基因获得。
用于指导本发明的核酸构建体转录,特别是在细菌宿主细胞中转录的合适启动子的实例是从下述获得的启动子:大肠杆菌lac操纵子、天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomyces coelicolor)琼脂糖酶基因(dagA)、枯草芽孢杆菌果聚糖蔗糖酶基因(sacB)、地衣芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因(amyL)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌产麦芽糖淀粉酶基因(amyM)、解淀粉芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因(amyQ)、地衣芽孢杆菌青霉素酶基因(penP)、枯草芽孢杆菌xylA和xylB基因和原核β-内酰胺酶基因(Villa-Kamaroff et al.,1978,Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesUSA 75:3727-3731),以及tac启动子(DeBoer et al.,1983,Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences USA 80:21-25)。另外的启动子在″Useful proteinsfrom recombinant bacteria″in Scientific American,1980,242:74-94中;和在Sambrook et al.,1989,见上文中有所描述。
用于指导本发明的核酸构建体在丝状真菌宿主细胞中转录的合适启动子的实例是从下列酶的基因获得的启动子:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶、曼赫根毛霉(Rhizomucor miehei)天冬氨酸蛋白酶、黑曲霉中性α-淀粉酶、黑曲霉酸稳定性α-淀粉酶、黑曲霉或泡盛曲霉葡糖淀粉酶(glaA)、曼赫根毛霉脂肪酶、米曲霉碱性蛋白酶、米曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶、构巢曲霉乙酰胺酶,和尖镰孢胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶(WO 96/00787),以及NA2-tpi启动子(来自黑曲霉中性α-淀粉酶基因和米曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶基因的启动子的杂合体);和它们的突变的、截断的和杂合的启动子。
在酵母宿主中,有用的启动子从如下酶的基因获得:酿酒酵母烯醇化酶(ENO-1)、酿酒酵母半乳糖激酶(GAL1)、酿酒酵母醇脱氢酶/甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(ADH2/GAP)和酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油酸激酶。对于酵母宿主细胞其它有用的启动子由Romanos et al.,1992,Yeast 8:423-488描述。
控制序列也可以是合适的转录终止子序列,是由宿主细胞识别以终止转录的序列。所述终止子序列与编码多肽的核酸序列的3’末端可操作地连接。在所选宿主细胞中有功能的任何终止子可用于本发明中。
对于丝状真菌宿主细胞优选的终止子从如下酶的基因获得:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶、构巢曲霉邻氨基苯甲酸合酶、黑曲霉α-葡糖苷酶和尖镰孢胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶。
对于酵母宿主细胞优选的终止子从如下酶的基因获得:酿酒酵母烯醇化酶、酿酒酵母细胞色素C(CYC1)和酿酒酵母甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶。对于酵母宿主细胞其它有用的终止子由Romanos et al.,1992,见上文描述。
控制序列还可以是合适的前导序列,其是对于宿主细胞的翻译重要的mRNA非翻译区。前导序列可操作地连接于编码多肽的核酸序列的5’-末端。在所选宿主细胞中有功能的任何前导序列可用于本发明中。
对于丝状真菌宿主细胞优选的前导序列从如下酶的基因获得:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶和构巢曲霉丙糖磷酸异构酶。
对于酵母宿主细胞合适的前导序列从如下酶的基因获得:酿酒酵母烯醇化酶(ENO-1)、酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油酸激酶、酿酒酵母α因子和酿酒酵母醇脱氢酶/甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(ADH2/GAP)。
控制序列也可以是聚腺苷酸化序列,其是与核酸序列的3’末端可操作地连接的序列,并且在转录时,宿主细胞将其识别为将聚腺苷残基添加至转录的mRNA的信号。在所选宿主细胞中有功能的任何聚腺苷酸化序列可用于本发明中。
对于丝状真菌宿主细胞优选的聚腺苷酸化序列从如下酶的基因获得:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶、构巢曲霉邻氨基苯甲酸邻氨基苯甲酸合酶、尖镰孢胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶和黑曲霉α-葡糖苷酶。
对于酵母宿主细胞有用的聚腺苷酸化序列由Guo and Sherman,1995,Molecular Cellular Biology 15:5983-5990描述。
控制序列还可以是信号肽编码区,其编码与多肽的氨基末端相联的氨基酸序列,并且指导编码的多肽进入细胞的分泌途径。核酸序列的编码序列5’端可固有地包含信号肽编码区,其与编码分泌多肽的编码区片段一起天然地连接在翻译阅读框中。可供选择的是,编码序列5’端可含有对于所述编码序列是异源的信号肽编码区。异源信号肽编码区在编码序列不天然地含有信号肽编码区时可能是必需的。或者,外源信号肽编码区可以简单地取代天然信号肽编码区以增强多肽的分泌。然而,指导表达的多肽进入所选宿主细胞的分泌途径的任何信号肽编码区可在本发明中使用。
对于细菌宿主细胞有效的信号肽编码区是从如下酶的基因获得的信号肽编码区:芽孢杆菌属NCIB 11837产麦芽糖淀粉酶、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶、地衣芽孢杆菌枯草蛋白酶、地衣芽孢杆菌β-内酰胺酶、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶(nprT,nprS,nprM)和枯草芽孢杆菌prsA。另外的信号肽由Simonen and Palva,1993,Microbiological Reviews 57:109-137描述。
对于丝状真菌宿主细胞有效的信号肽编码区是从如下酶的基因获得的信号肽编码区:米曲霉TAKA淀粉酶、黑曲霉中性淀粉酶、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶、曼赫根毛霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶、特异腐质霉纤维素酶和疏棉状腐质霉脂肪酶。
对于酵母宿主细胞有用的信号肽从酿酒酵母α因子和酿酒酵母转化酶的基因获得。其它有用的信号肽编码区由Romanos et al.,1992,见上文,描述。
控制序列还可以是前肽编码区,其编码位于多肽氨基末端的氨基酸序列。所得多肽称为酶原(proenzyme)或前多肽(propolypeptide)(或在某些情况下称为酶原(zymogen))。前多肽通常是无活性的并且能够通过前肽的催化或自催化切割从前多肽转化成成熟活性多肽。可以从枯草芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶(aprE)、枯草芽孢杆菌中性蛋白酶(nprT)、酿酒酵母α因子、曼赫根毛霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶和嗜热毁丝霉漆酶(WO 95/33836)的基因获得前肽编码区。
当信号肽和前肽区二者均出现在多肽的氨基末端时,将前肽区置于紧接着(next to)多肽氨基末端,并且将信号肽区置于紧接着前肽区的氨基末端。
同样理想的是添加调节序列,其允许相对于宿主细胞的生长来调节多肽的表达。调节系统的实例是引起基因表达因响应化学或物理刺激物,包括调节化合物的存在而开启或关闭的那些系统。原核系统中的调节系统包括lac、tac和trp操纵基因系统。在酵母中,可以使用ADH2系统或GAL1系统。在丝状真菌中,可以使用TAKA α-淀粉酶启动子、黑曲霉葡糖淀粉酶启动子和米曲霉葡糖淀粉酶启动子作为调节序列。调节序列的其它实例是那些允许基因扩增的序列。在真核系统中,这些序列包括在氨甲蝶呤(methotrexate)存在下扩增的二氢叶酸还原酶基因,和以重金属(with heavy metal)扩增的金属硫蛋白基因。在这些情况下,编码多肽的核酸序列将与调节序列可操作地连接。
表达载体
本发明还涉及重组表达载体,所述重组表达载体包含本发明的核酸序列、启动子和转录和翻译终止信号。上述的多种核酸和控制序列可以结合在一起以产生重组表达载体,所述表达载体可以包括一个或多个方便的限制位点以允许在这些位点插入或取代编码多肽的核酸序列。可供选择的是,可以通过在合适的用于表达的载体中插入包含所述序列的核酸序列或核酸构建体来表达本发明的核酸序列。在制备表达载体的过程中,将编码序列置于载体中,从而将该编码序列与合适的表达控制序列可操作地连接。
重组表达载体可以是任何载体(例如,质粒或病毒),其能够方便地进行重组DNA步骤,并且能够产生核酸序列的表达。载体的选择将通常依赖于载体与将引入该载体的宿主细胞的相容性。载体可以是线状或闭合环状质粒。
载体可以是自主复制载体,即,作为染色体外实体(entity)存在的载体,其复制独立于染色体复制,例如,质粒、染色体外元件、微型染色体(minichromosome)或人工染色体。载体可以含有任何用于确保自复制的手段(means)。或者,载体可以是一种载体,当将其引入宿主细胞中时,整合到基因组中并且与整合了该载体的染色体一起复制。此外,可以使用单独的载体或质粒或两个或更多个载体或质粒,其共同含有待引入宿主细胞基因组的完整DNA,或可以使用转座子(transposon)。
本发明的载体优选地含有一个或多个选择性标记,其允许简单选择转化的细胞。选择性标记是基因,其产物提供杀生物剂或病毒抗性、对重金属的抗性、对营养缺陷型的原养性(prototrophy to auxotrophs)等。细菌选择性标记的实例是来自枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌的dal基因,或赋予抗生素抗性,例如氨苄青霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素或四环素抗性的标记。对于酵母宿主细胞合适的标记是ADE2、HIS3、LEU2、LYS2、MET3、TRP1和URA3。用于丝状真菌宿主细胞的选择性标记包括但不限于amdS(乙酰胺酶)、argB(鸟氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶)、bar(草铵膦(phosphinothricin)乙酰转移酶)、hygB(潮霉素磷酸转移酶)、niaD(硝酸还原酶)(nitrate reductase)、pyrG(乳清酸核苷-5’-磷酸脱羧酶)(orotidine-5’-phosphate decarboxylase)、sC(硫酸腺苷酰转移酶)和trpC(邻氨基苯甲酸合酶(anthranilate synthase))以及它们的等同物。优选用在曲霉属细胞中的是构巢曲霉或米曲霉的amdS和pyrG基因和吸水链霉菌(Streptomyces hygroscopicus)的bar基因。
本发明的载体优选含有元件,其允许载体稳定地整合入宿主细胞基因组或允许载体独立于基因组在细胞中自主复制。
为了整合入宿主细胞基因组,载体可依赖编码多肽的核酸序列或用于通过同源或非同源重组稳定整合入基因组的任何其它载体元件。或者,载体可以含有额外的核酸序列,用于指导通过同源重组整合入宿主细胞的基因组。额外的核酸序列使载体能够在染色体中的精确位置整合入宿主细胞基因组。为了增加在精确位置整合的可能性,整合元件应该优选含有足够数量的核酸,如100至1,500碱基对,优选400至1,500碱基对,并且最优选800至1,500碱基对,其与相应的目标序列高度同源以增强同源重组的概率。整合元件可以是任何序列,其与宿主细胞基因组中的目标序列同源。此外,整合元件可以是非编码或编码的核酸序列。另一方面,可通过非同源重组将载体整合到宿主细胞基因组中。
为了自主复制,载体可以进一步包含复制起点,其使载体能够在所述的宿主细胞中自主地复制。细菌复制起点的实例是允许在大肠杆菌中复制的质粒pBR322、pUC19、pACYC177和pACYC184的复制起点,和允许在芽孢杆菌属细菌中复制的质粒pUB110、pE194、pTA1060和pAMβ1的复制起点。用于酵母宿主细胞的复制起点的实例是2微米复制起点,ARS1,ARS4,ARS1和CEN3的组合,和ARS4和CEN6的组合。复制起点可为具有突变的复制起点,所述突变使其功能在宿主细胞中为温度敏感的(参见,例如,Ehrlich,1978,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 75:1433)。
可以将多于一个拷贝的本发明的核酸序列插入宿主细胞以增加基因产物的产生。核酸序列拷贝数的增加可通过如下方法获得:将至少一个额外拷贝的序列整合入宿主细胞基因组,或将可扩增的选择性标记基因纳入核酸序列,其中可在合适的选择剂(selectable agent)存在下通过培养细胞来选择含有选择性标记基因的扩增拷贝的细胞,并由此可选择含有核酸序列的额外拷贝的细胞。
用于连接上述元件以构建本发明重组表达载体的方法是本领域技术人员熟知的(参见,例如,Sambrook et al.,1989,见上文)。
宿主细胞
本发明还涉及重组宿主细胞,所述重组宿主细胞包含本发明的核酸序列,将其有利地用于多肽的重组产生中。
将包含本发明核酸序列的载体引入宿主细胞中,从而将该载体保留作为染色体整合体(chromosomal integrant)或作为如前所述的自复制的染色体外载体。宿主细胞的选择将很大程度依赖于编码多肽的基因和它的来源。
宿主细胞可以是单细胞微生物,例如,原核生物,或非单细胞微生物,例如,真核生物。
有用的单细胞微生物是细菌细胞,例如革兰氏阳性细菌,其包括但不限于,芽孢杆菌属细胞,例如,嗜碱芽孢杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌、短芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、克劳氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus clausii)、凝结芽孢杆菌、灿烂芽孢杆菌、迟缓芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌;或链霉菌属细胞,例如,浅青紫链霉菌或鼠灰链霉菌,或革兰氏阴性细菌例如大肠杆菌和假单胞菌属菌种。在优选的实施方案中,细菌宿主细胞是迟缓芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌或枯草芽孢杆菌细胞。在另一个优选的实施方案中,芽孢杆菌属细胞是嗜碱的芽孢杆菌属。
可通过如下方法实现将载体引入到细菌宿主细胞:例如原生质体转化(参见,例如,Chang and Cohen,1979,Molecular General Genetics 168:111-115),使用感受态细胞(参见,例如,Young and Spizizen,1961,Journal of Bacteriology81:823-829或Dubnau and Davidoff-Abelson,1971,Journal of MolecularBiology 56:209-221),电穿孔(参见,例如,Shigekawa and Dower,1988,Biotechniques 6:742-751)或接合(参见,例如,Koehler and Thorne,1987,Journalof Bacteriology 169:5771-5278)。
宿主细胞可以是真核生物,例如哺乳动物、昆虫、植物或真菌细胞。在优选的实施方案中,宿主细胞是真菌细胞。“真菌”用在本文包括以下门:子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和接合菌门(Zygomycota)(如由Hawksworth et al.,In,Ainsworth and Bisby’sDictionary of The Fungi,8th edition,1995,CAB International,University Press,Cambridge,UK所定义)以及卵菌门(Oomycota)(如Hawksworth et al.,1995,见上,171页中所引用),和所有有丝分裂孢子真菌(mitosporic fungi)(Hawksworthet al.,1995,见上)。
在更优选的实施方案中,真菌宿主细胞是酵母细胞。“酵母”用在本文包括产子囊酵母(ascosporogenous yeast)(内孢霉目(Endomycetales))、产担子酵母(basidiosporogenous yeast)和属于半知菌类(Fungi Imperfecti)(芽孢纲(Blastomycetes))的酵母。由于酵母的分类在未来可能改变,就本发明而言,将酵母定义为如Biology and Activities of Yeast(Skinner,F.A.,Passmore,S.M.,and Davenport,R.R.,eds,Soc.App.Bacteriol.Symposium Series No.9,1980)中所述。
在甚至更优选的实施方案中,酵母宿主细胞是念珠菌属、汉逊酵母属(Hansenula)、克鲁维酵母属、毕赤酵母属、酵母属、裂殖酵母属或西洋蓍霉属细胞。
在最优选的实施方案中,酵母宿主细胞是卡尔酵母、酿酒酵母、糖化酵母、道格拉氏酵母、克鲁弗酵母、诺地酵母或卵形酵母细胞。在另一个最优选的实施方案中,酵母宿主细胞是乳酸克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces lactis)细胞。在另一个最优选的实施方案中,酵母宿主细胞是Yarrowia lipolytica细胞。
在另一个更优选的实施方案中,真菌宿主细胞是丝状真菌细胞。“丝状真菌”包括真菌门(Eumycota)和卵菌门的亚门(如由Hawksworth et al.,1995,见上文,所定义)的所有丝状形式。丝状真菌通常的特征在于由壳多糖(chitin)、纤维素、葡聚糖、壳聚糖(chitosan)、甘露聚糖和其它复杂多糖组成的菌丝体壁。通过菌丝延伸进行营养生长,而碳分解代谢是专性需氧的。相反,酵母例如酿酒酵母的营养生长则通过单细胞菌体的出芽生殖(budding)进行,而碳分解代谢可以是发酵的。
在甚至更优选的实施方案中,丝状真菌宿主细胞是下述菌属的细胞,但不限于此:枝顶孢霉属、曲霉属、镰孢属、腐质霉属、毛霉属、毁丝霉属、脉孢菌属、青霉属、梭孢壳属、弯颈霉属(Tolypocladium)或木霉属。
在最优选的实施方案中,丝状真菌宿主细胞是泡盛曲霉、臭曲霉、日本曲霉、构巢曲霉、黑曲霉或米曲霉细胞。在另一个最优选的实施方案中,丝状真菌宿主细胞是杆孢状镰孢、禾谷镰孢、库威镰孢、大刀镰孢、禾本科镰孢、禾赤镰孢、异孢镰孢、合欢木镰孢、尖镰孢、多枝镰孢、粉红镰孢、接骨木镰孢、肤色镰孢、拟分枝孢镰孢、硫色镰孢、圆镰孢、拟丝孢镰孢或镶片镰孢细胞。在甚至最优选的实施方案中,丝状真菌亲本细胞是镶片镰孢细胞(Nirenberg sp.nov)。在另一个最优选的实施方案中,丝状真菌宿主细胞是特异腐质霉、疏棉状腐质霉、米赫毛霉、嗜热毁丝霉、粗糙脉孢菌、产紫青霉、土生梭孢霉、哈茨木霉、康宁木霉、长枝木霉、里氏木霉或绿色木霉细胞。
可以将真菌细胞通过涉及原生质体形成、原生质体转化和细胞壁重建的方法以本身公知的方式转化。用于转化曲霉属宿主细胞的合适方法在EP 238023和Yelton et al.,1984,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA81:1470-1474中描述。用于转化镰孢属菌种的合适方法由Malardier et al.,1989,Gene 78:147-156和WO 96/00787描述。可以使用由如下文献描述的方法转化酵母:Becker and Guarente,In Abelson,J.N.and Simon,M.I.,editors,Guide to Yeast Genetics and Molecular Biology,Methods in Enzymology,Volume194,pp 182-187,Academic Press,Inc.,New York;Ito et al.,1983,Journal ofBacteriology 153:163;and Hinnen et al.,1978,Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences USA 75:1920。
产生方法
本发明还涉及用于产生本发明多肽的方法,其包括:(a)培养来自青霉属的菌株,以产生包含所述多肽的上清;和(b)回收所述多肽。优选地,所述菌株是胶囊青霉菌种的菌株。
本发明还涉及用于产生本发明的多肽的方法,其包括:(a)在有益于产生多肽的条件下培养如上所述的重组宿主细胞;和(b)从细胞和/或培养基中回收所述多肽。
在本发明的产生方法中,使用本领域熟知的方法在适合于产生所述多肽的营养培养基中培养细胞。例如,可以通过在合适培养基中在允许表达和/或分离所述多肽的条件下进行的摇瓶培养,和实验室或工业发酵罐中的小规模或大规模发酵(包括连续、分批、补料分批或固态发酵)来培养细胞。使用本领域已知的方法在合适的营养培养基中进行培养,所述营养培养基包含碳源和氮源和无机盐。合适的培养基能够从商业供应商获得或可以根据公布的组成制备(例如,在美国典型培养物保藏中心的目录中)。如果多肽分泌到营养培养基中,就能够从所述培养基中直接回收该多肽。如果多肽不分泌,则可从细胞裂解物(lysate)中将其回收。
可以使用本领域已知的对于所述多肽是特异性的方法来检测多肽。这些检测方法可以包括特异性抗体的使用、酶产物的形成,或酶底物的消失。例如,可以使用酶试验(enzyme assay)测定如本文所述的多肽的活性。
可以使用本领域已知的方法回收产生的多肽。例如,可以通过常规方法从营养培养基中回收多肽,所述常规方法包括但不限于离心、过滤、提取、喷雾干燥、蒸发或沉淀。
本发明的多肽可以通过多种本领域已知的方法纯化,所述方法包括但不限于层析(例如,离子交换、亲和、疏水、层析聚焦和大小排阻)、电泳方法(例如,制备型(preparative)等电聚焦)、差示溶解度(例如,硫酸铵沉淀)、SDS-PAGE或提取(参见,例如,Protein Purification,J.-C.Janson and Lars Ryden,editors,VCH Publishers,New York,1989)。
酶在植物中的表达
编码感兴趣的多肽,如本发明的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的DNA序列,可以在下述转基因植物中转化和表达。
转基因植物可以是双子叶的(dicotyledonous)或单子叶的(monocotyledonous),简称为双子叶植物(dicot)或单子叶植物(monocot)。单子叶植物的实例是草(grasses),如草地早熟禾(meadow grass)(蓝草(blue grass),早熟禾属(Poa));饲用牧草(forage grass)如羊茅属(Festuca)、黑麦草属(Lolium);寒地型牧草(temperate grass),如Agrostis;和谷类,例如,小麦、燕麦、黑麦、大麦、稻(rice)、高梁和玉蜀黍(maize)(玉米)。
双子叶植物的实例是烟草(tobacco),豆类(legumes),如羽扇豆(lupins),马铃薯,糖甜菜(sugar beet),豌豆,豆(bean)和大豆(soybean)和十字花科的(cruciferous)植物(十字花科(family Brassicaceae)),如花椰菜(cauliflower),油菜籽(oil seed rape)和紧密相关的模型生物体拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)。
植物部分的实例是茎(stem)、愈伤组织(callus)、叶(leaf)、根(root)、果实(fruit)、种子(seed)和块茎(tuber),以及包含这些部分的独立组织,例如,表皮(epidermis)、叶肉(mesophyll)、薄壁组织(parenchyma)、维管组织(vasculartissue)、分生组织(meristem)。在本上下文中,具体的植物细胞区室(compartments),如叶绿体(chloroplast)、质外体(apoplast)、线粒体(mitochondria)、液泡(vacuole)、过氧化物酶体(peroxisome)和细胞质(cytoplasm)也被认为是植物部分。此外,任何植物细胞,无论什么组织来源,都被认为是植物部分。同样地,植物部分,如分离以促进本发明的应用的具体组织和细胞也被认为是植物部分,例如胚(embryo)、胚乳(endosperm)、糊粉(aleurone)和种皮(seed coat)。
同样包含于本发明范围内的还有这些植物、植物部分和植物细胞的子代。
表达感兴趣的多肽的转基因植物或植物细胞可以依照本领域已知方法构建。简而言之,通过如下方法构建所述植物或植物细胞:将编码感兴趣的多肽的一个或多个表达构建体并入植物宿主基因组,并且繁殖所得的修饰植物或植物细胞成为转基因植物或植物细胞。
便利地,表达构建体是包含编码感兴趣的多肽的基因的DNA构建体,所述基因与在选择的植物或植物部分中表达该基因所必需的合适的调节序列可操作地连接。此外,表达构建体可以包含对于鉴定整合了表达构建体的宿主细胞有用的选择性标记,和将该构建体引入到所述植物中所必需的DNA序列(后者依赖于使用的DNA引入方法)。
调节序列的选择,例如启动子和终止子序列和任选地信号或转运序列的选择,举例来说,基于期望何时、何处以及如何表达酶而确定。例如,编码本发明酶的基因的表达可以是组成型的或诱导型的,或可以是发育、阶段或组织特异性的,并且基因产物可以靶向特定的细胞区室、组织或植物部分例如种子或叶。调节序列由例如Tague et al.,Plant Physiology 86:506,1988所述。
对于组成性表达,可以使用35S-CaMV、玉米泛素1和稻肌动蛋白1启动子(Franck et al.,1980,Cell 21:285-294,Christensen AH,Sharrock RA andQuail 1992.Maize polyubiquitin genes:structure,thermal perturbation ofexpression and transcript splicing,and promoter activity following transfer toprotoplasts by electroporation.Plant Mo.Biol.18,675-689.;Zhang W,McElroy D.and Wu R 1991,Analysis of rice Actl 5’region activity in transgenic rice plants.Plant Cell 3,1155-1165)。器官特异性启动子可以是例如来自贮藏库组织(storage sink tissue)例如种子、马铃薯块茎和果实的启动子(Edwards & Coruzzi,1990,Ann.Rev.Genet.24:275-303),或来自代谢库组织(metabolic sink tissue)例如分生组织的启动子(Ito et al.,1994,Plant Mol.Biol.24:863-878),种子特异性启动子诸如来自稻的谷蛋白(glutelin)、谷醇溶蛋白(prolamin)、球蛋白(globulin)或白蛋白(albumin)启动子(Wu等,Plant and Cell Physiology 39:885-889(1998)),来自豆球蛋白(legumin)B4和蚕豆(Vicia faba)的未知的种子蛋白基因的蚕豆启动子(Conrad等,1998,Journal of Plant Physiology152:708-711)、来自种子油体蛋白(oil body protein)的启动子(Chen等,1998,Plant and Cell Physiology 39:935-941),来自欧洲油菜(Brassica napus)的贮藏蛋白napA启动子,或本技术领域公知的任何其他种子特异性的启动子,例如,在WO 91/14772中所描述的。此外,启动子可为叶特异性的启动子,如来自稻或番茄的rbcs启动子(Kyozuka等,1993,Plant Physiology 102:991-1000),小球藻病毒(chlorella virus)腺嘌呤甲基转移酶(adenine methyltransferase)基因启动子(Mitra和Higgins,1994,Plant Molecular Biology 26:85-93),或来自稻的aldP基因启动子(Kagaya等,1995,Molecular and general genetics 248:668-674),或伤口诱导的启动子,如马铃薯pin2启动子(Xu等,1993,PlantMolecular Biology22:573-588)。同样地,所述启动子可通过非生物的处理诱导,所述非生物的处理诸如温度、干旱或盐度变化,或通过外源施用的激活所述启动子的物质诱导,例如乙醇、雌激素(oestrogens)、植物激素(planthormones)如乙烯、脱落酸(abscisic acid)、赤霉酸(gibberellic acid)和重金属。
启动子增强子元件可以用于实现本发明酶在植物中的较高表达。例如,启动子增强子元件可以是内含子,将其置于启动子和编码酶的核酸序列之间。例如Xu et al.,见上,公开了使用稻肌动蛋白1基因的第一内含子以增强表达。
选择性标记基因和表达构建体的任何其它部分可以选自本领域内可用的那些。
将DNA构建体根据本领域已知的常规技术并入植物基因组,所述常规技术包括土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)介导的转化、病毒介导的转化、显微注射(micro injection)、粒子轰击、生物射弹转化和电穿孔(Gasser et al.,1990,Science244:1293;Potrykus,1990,Bio/Technology 8:535;Shimamoto et al.,1989,Nature338:274)。
目前,根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的基因转移(genetransfer),是产生转基因双子叶植物的优选方法(为了参考,见Hooykas和Schilperoort,1992,Plant Molecular Biology 19:15-38),而且它也可以用于转化单子叶植物,虽然对于这些植物其他的转化方法是常用的。目前,除了土壤杆菌方法之外,产生转基因单子叶植物的优选的方法,是用粒子(用转化DNA涂覆的微观的金或钨粒子)轰击胚愈伤组织(embryonic calli)或发育中的胚(developing embryos)(Christou,1992,Plant Journal 2:275-281;Shimamoto,1994,Current Opinion Biotechnology 5:158-162;Vasil et al.,1992,Bio/Technology 10:667-674)。转化单子叶植物的可供选择的方法,是基于原生质体转化,如由Omirulleh等,1993,Plant Molecular Biology 21:415-428所描述的。
转化之后,根据本领域熟知的方法选择具有并入的表达构建体的转化体并且再生成为完整植物。通常设计转化方法用于通过如下方法在再生期间或在后续世代中选择性消除选择基因:例如,使用带有两种独立的T-DNA构建体的共转化或通过特异性重组酶位点特异性地切除选择基因。
阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的用途
本发明还涉及包含本发明的多肽,即阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的组合物,以及所述多肽的用途,或包含所述多肽的组合物的用途。
本发明的多肽,即阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶,或包含阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的组合物,可以在各种工业应用中使用,例如用于生物质转化,如用于由包含生物质的纤维素生产燃料乙醇的过程中,用于由淀粉生产燃料和/或可饮用乙醇的过程中,用于啤酒生产的淀粉糖化(mashing)过程中,用于饲料组合物中,或用于面包制造的面团中。
材料和方法
阿拉伯糖购自Merck(Darmstadt,德国)。水溶性和不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖由Megazyme(Bray,County Wicklow,爱尔兰)获得。
酶
可使用基本分子技术(Sambrook等,1989,Molecular Cloning,ALaboratory Manual,第二版,Cold Spring Harbor,New York,Christgau等,1995,Curr.Genet.27,135-141,Ausubel等,2003,Curr.Prot.Mol.Biol.,John Wiley &Sons,Cambridge,USA)克隆α-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
棘孢曲霉和疏棉状嗜热霉(Thermomyces lanuginosus)分别产生的单组分内切-1,4-β-糖苷酶制备物Shearzyme(GH10)和Pentopan Mono(GH11),为Novozymes A/S(丹麦)的商业产品。
特定的阿拉伯糖基木聚糖寡糖的制备
包含连接于末端(1→3)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖可以用下述方法制备:将0.1M乙酸缓冲液(100mL),pH 6.0中不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖(1g)与6.67g Shearzyme(木聚糖酶GH10)·kg-1不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖在30℃温育2小时。包含连接于内部(1→3)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖可以用下述方法制备:将0.1M乙酸缓冲液(100mL),pH 6.0中不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖(1g)与0.03g Pentopan Mono(木聚糖酶GH11)·kg-1不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖在30℃温育2小时。包含连接于内部(1→2)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖可以用下述方法制备:将0.1M乙酸缓冲液(100mL),pH 6.0中不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖(1g)与0.03g Pentopan Mono(木聚糖酶GH11)·kg-1不溶于水的小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖在30℃温育2小时。为了终止酶反应,将混合物加热至100℃10分钟。阿拉伯糖木糖-寡糖(arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides)在旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,并用1H-NMR定量。
最佳反应条件的确定
用双因子Box-Behnken响应面设计模板(Montgomery,2001)评估源自胶囊青霉的GH62α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的最佳反应条件。每个模板包含pH(3-7)和反应温度(30-70℃)的11种不同组合,具有3个中心点。水溶性小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖(0.002g)溶于去离子水中(2ml)。随后在每个试验中,将溶液与0.1g酶蛋白·kg-1水溶性小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖DM温育。在反应正好24小时后取出样品,并立即加热至100℃10分钟以终止酶反应。随后将样品在20,000g离心10分钟,用HPAEC分析测定上清中阿拉伯糖的水平。报道的值以mg·g-1小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖DM表示。
α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的作用模式
将源自胶囊青霉的GH62α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶加入:0.1M乙酸缓冲液(1mL)中的水溶性小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖(0.01g)、包含连接于末端(1→3)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖(0.01g)、包含连接于内部(1→3)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖(0.01g),或者包含连接于内部(1→2)的阿拉伯糖基的寡糖(0.01g),pH 6.0,40℃,2小时。100℃10分钟使酶反应失活。样品在旋转蒸发仪中浓缩并用1H-NMR分析。
HPAEC
将水解产物(10μl)施用于Dionex BioLC系统,所述系统配有与CarboPacTM PA1预柱(4×50mm)组合的Dionex CarboPacTM PA1保护柱(4×250mm)(Dionex Corporation,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)。用10mM KOH均一浓度地(isocratically)分离阿拉伯糖15分钟,流速:1mL·min-1。用脉冲电化学检测器以脉冲安培检测模式检测阿拉伯糖。如下设置电极电压的程序:+0.1V(t=0-0.4s)至-2.0V(t=0.41-0.42s)至0.6V(t=0.43s),最后为-0.1V(t=0.44-0.50s),并将t=0.2-0.4s之间得到的信号积分。使用阿拉伯糖(每个组分的浓度:0.0025-0.1g·L-1)作为标准。
1H-NMR分析
所有降解产物从99.9%D2O冻干两次,并重新溶解于99.9%D2O中。一些水解物经过透析(Spectra/Por膜截留分子量1000),在光谱分析之前去除游离的阿拉伯糖。在Varian Mercury-VX设备中于30℃记录1H-NMR光谱,所述设备以400MHz操作并配有4核自动转换探头(4-nucleus auto-switchableprobe)。在128-512扫描点(scans)收集数据,用HDO信号作为参比信号(4.67ppm)。
实施例
实施例1
小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖包含阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷作为连接于内部木糖(A)的3-位的单取代物,和分别连接于双取代木糖的3-(B)和2-位(C)的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷。产生的每个底物只包含3种阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷键中的一种。用1HNMR研究阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶对这些底物的活性。
表:1.胶囊青霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶(GH62)对所选阿拉伯糖基木聚糖聚合物的活性,在pH 6,40℃温育2小时。
xx指水解超过75%,x(x)指水解50-75%,x指水解25-50%,和
(x)指水解5-25%。-指没有可检测到的水解。
实施例2
将可溶性小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖与0.1g酶蛋白每千克DM来自胶囊青霉(GH62)的α-L-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶,在pH 6、40℃温育24小时。测定释放的阿拉伯糖为139mg阿拉伯糖每g水溶性小麦阿拉伯糖基木聚糖,作为三次测定的平均值。
确定最佳的pH和温度反应条件分别为pH 4-6和30-50℃。在此范围内没有检测到活性的明显变化。
序列表
<110>诺维信公司(Novozymes A/S)
<120>胶囊青霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶
<130>10809.204-WO
<160>2
<170>PatentIn version 3.3
<210>1
<211>987
<212>DNA
<213>胶囊青霉(Pennicillium capsulatum)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(987)
<400>l
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Leu Leu Ala Ser Val Pro Val Val Ile Ala Asn Cys Ala Leu Pro Ser
20 25 30
aca tat agc tgg aca tca act agc gct tta gcg aat ccc aag ccc ggg 144
Thr Tyr Ser Trp Thr Ser Thr Ser Ala Leu Ala Asn Pro Lys Pro Gly
35 40 45
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Ser Phe Gly Val Phe Ser Asp Trp Pro Gly Met Ala Ser Ala Ser Gln
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Pro Lys Ser Ile Trp Val Leu Ala Tyr Gln Trp Gly Ser Ser Thr Phe
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Thr Tyr Arg Thr Ser Ser Asp Pro Thr Asn Ala Tyr Gly Trp Ser Ser
130 135 140
gag caa gcc ctt ttc tct ggg aaa gtt acc ggc tcg agc act ggc gcc 480
Glu Gln Ala Leu Phe Ser Gly Lys Val Thr Gly Ser Ser Thr Gly Ala
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att gat cag aca ctt atc ggt gac gcc acg cat atg tat ctt ttc ttt 528
Ile Asp Gln Thr Leu Ile Gly Asp Ala Thr His Met Tyr Leu Phe Phe
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Phe Pro Gly Asn Phe Gly Thr Val Ser Glu Val Val Leu Ser Asp Thr
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Gln Asn Asn Leu Phe Glu Ala Val Gln Val Tyr Thr Val Lys Gly Gln
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290 295 300
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305 310 315 320
ccg ggt gtg ctc act ttg aat aat taa 987
Pro Gly Val Leu Thr Leu Asn Asn
325
<210>2
<211>328
<212>PRT
<213>胶囊青霉
<400>2
Met Arg Phe Phe Gln Ala Lys Ala Gly Leu Ile Ser Ser Gly Ile Thr
1 5 10 15
Leu Leu Ala Ser Val Pro Val Val Ile Ala Asn Cys Ala Leu Pro Ser
20 25 30
Thr Tyr Ser Trp Thr Ser Thr Ser Ala Leu Ala Asn Pro Lys Pro Gly
35 40 45
Trp Thr Ala Ile Lys Asp Phe Thr Asn Val Val Phe Asn Asn Arg His
50 55 60
Val Val Tyr Ala Ser Thr Thr Asp Thr Ser Gly Asn Tyr Gly Ala Met
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Ser Phe Gly Val Phe Ser Asp Trp Pro Gly Met Ala Ser Ala Ser Gln
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Asn Ala Leu Ser Phe Ala Ala Val Ala Pro Thr Leu Phe Tyr Phe Gln
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Pro LVs Ser Ile Trp Val Leu Ala Tyr Gln Trp Gly Ser Ser Thr Phe
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Thr Tyr Arg Thr Ser Ser Asp Pro Thr Asn Ala Tyr Gly Trp Ser Ser
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Ala Gly Asp Asn Gly Lys Ile Tyr Arg Ser Ser Met Pro Ile Ser Asn
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Phe Pro Gly Asn Phe Gly Thr Val Ser Glu Val Val Leu Ser Asp Thr
195 200 205
Gln Asn Asn Leu Phe Glu Ala Val Gln Val Tyr Thr Val Lys Gly Gln
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Asn Gln Tyr Leu Met Ile Val Glu Ala Ile Gly Ser Glu Gly Arg Tyr
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Phe Arg Ser Phe Thr Ala Ser Ser Leu Gly Gly Leu Trp Thr Ala Gln
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Ala Ala Ser Glu Thr Lys Pro Phe Ala Gly Lys Ala Asn Ser Gly Ala
260 265 270
Thr Trp Thr Asn Asp lle Ser His Gly Asp Leu Val Arg Ser Asn Pro
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Asp Gln Thr Met Thr Ile Asp Pro Cys Asn Leu Gln Phe Leu Tyr Gln
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Gly Arg Asn Pro Gly Ala Ser Gly Asn Tyr Asn Thr Leu Pro Trp Arg
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Pro Gly Val Leu Thr Leu Asn Asn
325
Claims (14)
1.阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶,其为:
a)具有如SEQ ID NO:2所示成熟肽的氨基酸序列的多肽,或者可通过一个或多个氨基酸的取代、缺失,和/或插入由其获得的多肽;
b)(a)或(b)中所述多肽的类似物,其:
i)与所述多肽具有至少80%的同源性,
ii)是所述多肽的等位变体,
c)由核酸序列编码的多肽,所述核酸序列在高严紧条件下与编码成熟多肽的SEQ ID NO:2的核酸序列的互补链,或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交。
2.权利要求1的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶,其源自青霉菌的菌株,优选胶囊青霉,更优选胶囊青霉菌株CBS 292.62。
3.核酸序列,其包含编码权利要求1或2任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的核酸序列。
4.核酸序列,其包含:
a)编码SEQ ID NO:2所示的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的DNA序列,
b)类似物DNA序列,其具有:
ii)与所述DNA序列具有至少80%的同源性,或者
iii)在高严紧条件下与所述DNA序列的互补链或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交,
iv)是其等位变体,或者
a)或b)的互补链。
5.核酸序列,其与SEQ ID NO:1所示的DNA序列具有至少80%的同源性,或者
a)在高严紧条件下与所述DNA序列的互补链,或其具有至少100个核苷酸的亚序列杂交,
b)是其等位变体,或者
a)或b)的互补链。
6.包含权利要求3、4或5任一项的核酸序列的核酸构建体,所述核酸序列与一个或多个控制序列可操作地连接,所述控制序列能指导阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在合适的表达宿主中表达。
7.包含权利要求6的核酸构建体的重组表达载体。
8.包含权利要求7的核酸构建体的重组宿主细胞。
9.生产阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶的方法,其包括在有益于阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶产生的条件下培养权利要求8的宿主细胞,和回收所述阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
10.一种组合物,其包含根据权利要求1或2任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶。
11.根据权利要求1或2任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在面团中的用途。
12.根据权利要求1或2任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在乙醇方法中的用途。
13.根据权利要求1或2任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在淀粉糖化方法中的用途。
14.根据权利要求1或4任一项的阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶在产生饲料组合物的方法中的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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DKPA200500750 | 2005-05-24 | ||
DKPA200500750 | 2005-05-24 |
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CN101184845A true CN101184845A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
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CNA2006800183877A Pending CN101184845A (zh) | 2005-05-24 | 2006-05-24 | 胶囊青霉阿拉伯糖呋喃糖苷酶 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20080171360A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1888753A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2008541707A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101184845A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007014566A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006125438A1 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103667078A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-26 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 一种胶囊青霉及其分离培养方法与应用 |
WO2016095856A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions comprising polypeptides having xylanase activity and polypeptides having arabinofuranosidase activity |
US11987649B2 (en) | 2015-11-26 | 2024-05-21 | Novozymes A/S | Wet milling process |
CN114717217B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2024-10-25 | 诺维信公司 | 包括具有木聚糖酶活性的多肽和具有阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活性的多肽的组合物 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101617243B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-31 | 2016-05-02 | 라이프스캔, 인코포레이티드 | 인간 배아 줄기 세포의 분화 |
CA2707017A1 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-11 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having arabinofuranosidase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
WO2015144821A1 (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-01 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
CN109641973B (zh) | 2016-11-25 | 2022-03-08 | 诺维信公司 | Gh10木聚糖酶、gh62阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶、研磨方法以及其他应用 |
CN111117986B (zh) * | 2020-01-16 | 2022-04-22 | 南京林业大学 | 一种钙依赖型耐热α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶的编码基因、制备技术和应用 |
Family Cites Families (1)
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RO116211B1 (ro) * | 1994-08-26 | 2000-11-30 | Gist Brocades Bv | Polipeptida cu activitate de degradare a arabinoxilanului, adn recombinant, ce o codifica, procedeu de obtinere si compozitie alimentara cu aceasta |
-
2006
- 2006-05-24 JP JP2008512687A patent/JP2008541707A/ja active Pending
- 2006-05-24 WO PCT/DK2006/000281 patent/WO2006125438A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-05-24 EP EP06753296A patent/EP1888753A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-24 CN CNA2006800183877A patent/CN101184845A/zh active Pending
- 2006-05-24 US US11/914,010 patent/US20080171360A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-24 MX MX2007014566A patent/MX2007014566A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103667078A (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2014-03-26 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 一种胶囊青霉及其分离培养方法与应用 |
CN103667078B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2016-04-06 | 中国人民解放军第二军医大学 | 一种胶囊青霉及其分离培养方法与应用 |
WO2016095856A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions comprising polypeptides having xylanase activity and polypeptides having arabinofuranosidase activity |
CN114717217A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2022-07-08 | 诺维信公司 | 包括具有木聚糖酶活性的多肽和具有阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活性的多肽的组合物 |
CN114717217B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2024-10-25 | 诺维信公司 | 包括具有木聚糖酶活性的多肽和具有阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活性的多肽的组合物 |
US11987649B2 (en) | 2015-11-26 | 2024-05-21 | Novozymes A/S | Wet milling process |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006125438A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
EP1888753A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
US20080171360A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
JP2008541707A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
MX2007014566A (es) | 2008-02-07 |
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