CN101184620A - 包含热塑性聚氨酯无纺布的复合组件 - Google Patents

包含热塑性聚氨酯无纺布的复合组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101184620A
CN101184620A CNA2006800189568A CN200680018956A CN101184620A CN 101184620 A CN101184620 A CN 101184620A CN A2006800189568 A CNA2006800189568 A CN A2006800189568A CN 200680018956 A CN200680018956 A CN 200680018956A CN 101184620 A CN101184620 A CN 101184620A
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China
Prior art keywords
nonwoven
component
polyurethane
preferred
composite component
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English (en)
Inventor
H·马尔茨
T·塞尔哈特库卢
M·舒斯特
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及包含聚氨酯泡沫(i)、热塑性聚氨酯无纺布(ii)和如果合适的话覆盖层(iii)的复合组件,以及它们的生产方法和本发明复合组件作为座椅或地毯的用途。

Description

包含热塑性聚氨酯无纺布的复合组件
本发明涉及包含聚氨酯泡沫(i)、热塑性聚氨酯无纺布(ii)和如果合适的话覆盖层(iii)的复合组件,以及它们的制备方法和本发明复合组件作为座椅或地毯的用途。
聚氨酯是一种多用途并广泛使用的建筑材料。它可由广大范围的原料制造以具有极其不同的性能,聚氨酯产品的实例为用于绝缘的硬质泡沫、用于床垫的柔性泡沫块料、用于汽车座椅和座椅填充的模制柔性泡沫、消除噪音的隔音海绵胶、热塑性泡沫、鞋泡沫或微孔泡沫,以及紧密的铸造体系和热塑性聚氨酯。
生产汽车座椅的模制泡沫的技术上有利的途径是对于汽车座椅的织物罩通过在织物罩背面原地产生泡沫放置在模具中并直接背发泡(backfoam)。但这样存在泡沫体系的粘度在发泡操作开始时低的缺点。另外,发泡期间模具中发生的压力导致泡沫被压过织物罩的孔。必须将箔放在泡沫与织物罩之间以便可防止泡沫穿过织物。但该箔降低织物的水蒸气透过率以及泡沫的吸声能力。这导致基本降低例如汽车座椅提供的舒适性。
作为选择,DE 19811472描述了一种据说降低渗透入织物覆盖层程度的触变PU体系。然而,此体系的粘度太高,这样产生的弱流动性不允许复杂几何体的背发泡。
因此已发现有利的是在这种模制泡沫中用无纺布代替箔。
由聚氨酯和无纺布组成的复合组件描述于GB 2 235 651中。然而,其中所述包含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚酰胺的无纺布的复合组件不具有令人满意的性能,尤其是关于弹性、触觉、聚氨酯基质与无纺布之间的结合和水蒸气透过率。另外,所述复合组件为两种建筑材料的组合。这完全不利于得益于单一材料流的便利再循环。
本发明的目的是开发一种用于复合组件(例如用于以汽车座椅形式的复合组件)的覆盖层与泡沫的组合,其中不需要防护箔。本发明的另外目的是代替防护箔使得如果合适的话可省去覆盖层。
本发明的目的尤其是提供一种包含任选覆盖层和聚氨酯泡沫且具有对于复合组件意欲的用途具有有利性能的复合组件。因此,目的是提供一种具有高水蒸气透过率、良好弹性、覆盖层与泡沫之间的良好结合、良好触感、良好视觉和便利(单一材料)再循环性的复合组件。
同样本发明的目的是提供一种生产具有上述有利性能的复合组件的方法,其中方法应优选为操作上特别经济的。因此,本发明的目的是提供一种具有短循环时间和低废品率的方法。本发明的目的尤其是提供一种生产具有上述优点的上述复合组件的方法,其中聚氨酯体系的液体组分非常易于应用至覆盖层而泡沫不渗透覆盖层以及不削弱覆盖层的视觉。
我们发现这些目的通过包含聚氨酯泡沫以及热塑性聚氨酯(这里也称作TPU)无纺布和任选覆盖层的复合组件以及一种生产复合组件的方法而实现。
本发明因此提供一种包含如下组分的复合组件:
i)聚氨酯泡沫,
ii)热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布,和
iii)如果合适的话覆盖层。
任选覆盖层(iii)通常为赋予复合组件以装饰外观的材料。材料可以为天然或合成的。适合的覆盖层为金属箔、聚合物箔、聚合物皮层、织物、网和/或皮革。
适合的织物的实例为机织物和编织物。尤其是包含人造纤维,例如聚酰胺、聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚丙烯腈、聚烯烃、聚丙烯、粘胶的那些。机织物或编织物还包含天然纤维如羊毛、棉、丝、亚麻布等。适合的织物另外包括包含人造纤维如聚丙烯、聚烯烃共聚物、苯乙烯共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚丙烯腈、TPU、聚醚酯、聚醚醚、聚酯醚的无纺布以及包含天然纤维如丝、棉、羊毛、亚麻等的无纺布。
适合的塑料的实例为PVC箔、聚烯烃、热塑性聚氨酯或其混合物或其复合物。
优选使用包含人造纤维和/或天然纤维的织物。
覆盖层的厚度通常为0.05-5毫米(mm),优选0.1-2mm,更优选0.2-1.2mm。覆盖层可以为单色或不同颜色的。具有不同颜色包括具有彩色图案。
本发明复合组件的组分(ii)包含一种或多种无纺布。无纺布为通过摩擦和/或内聚和/或粘合固结定向排列或无规则排列的纤维的层、网和/或卷。
已通过掺入结合的纱或长丝而机织、编织、簇绒、缝编,或通过湿缩绒法操作而毡合的加工纸或制品优选不作为用于本发明目的的无纺布而处理。
在优选实施方案中,当其大于50%,尤其是60-90质量%的纤维组分由长与直径比大于300,尤其是大于500的纤维组成时,认为该材料为用于本发明目的的无纺布(ii)。
在优选实施方案中,无纺布的单个纤维的直径为50-0.1μm,优选10-0.5μm,尤其是7-0.5μm。
在优选实施方案中,根据ISO 9073-2测量,无纺布(ii)的厚度为0.01-5毫米(mm),更优选0.1-2mm,甚至更优选0.2-1.5mm,尤其是0.3-1mm。
在优选实施方案中,根据ISO 9073-1测量,无纺布(ii)的定量为20-500g/m2,更优选50-250g/m2,甚至更优选90-160g/m2
无纺布可另外机械固结。机械固结(consolidation)可采取单面或双面机械固结的形式,优选双面机械固结。
除前述机械固结外,无纺布可另外热固结。热固结可例如通过使无纺布经受热空气处理而进行。
在优选实施方案中无纺布(ii)可具有如下4个参数(P1-P4):
P1)实施方案使用加工方向抗拉强度为10牛顿(N)每5cm至1000N每5cm,优选40-1000N每5cm,尤其是200-1000N每5cm(根据DIN EN 12127测量)的无纺布(ii)。
P2)实施方案使用横向抗拉强度为10牛顿(N)每5cm至1000N每5cm,优选40-1000N每5cm,尤其是200-1000N每5cm(根据DIN EN 12127测量)的无纺布(ii)。
P3)实施方案使用根据DIN EN 29073部分3测量加工方向伸长10-800%,优选50-800%,尤其是250-800%的无纺布(ii)。
P4)实施方案使用根据DIN EN 29073部分3测量横向伸长10-800%,优选50-800%,尤其是250-800%的无纺布(ii)。
在优选实施方案中,无纺布(ii)包含至少2个,更优选至少3个,尤其是所有P1-P4特征。
另外的优选实施方案使用单层,即使用仅一种纤维混合物贯穿无纺布的厚度的无纺布(ii)。
所用的无纺布(ii)为热塑性聚氨酯的。这应理解为意指所用的无纺布(ii)包含热塑性聚氨酯优选作为基本组分。优选实施方案使用以基于无纺布的总重量60-100重量%,更优选大于80重量%,尤其是大于97重量%的量包含热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布(ii)。
不仅包含热塑性聚氨酯,所用的无纺布(ii)可另外包含其他聚合物或助剂,实例为聚丙烯、聚乙烯和/或聚苯乙烯和/或聚苯乙烯的共聚物如苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物。
热塑性聚氨酯为当在常用于加工和使用建筑材料的温度范围内重复加热并冷却时保持热塑性的聚氨酯。聚氨酯的热塑性描述了通常用于聚氨酯的150-300℃的温度范围内,重复地热时软化,冷时硬化,且在软化状态下重复地可通过作为模制、挤出或成型部件流动而塑模成中间或最终制品的聚氨酯性能。
用于无纺布(ii)的热塑性聚氨酯可通过(a-ii)异氰酸酯与(b-ii)优选数均分子量为500-10000g/mol的异氰酸酯反应性化合物,和如果合适的话(c-ii)分子量为50-499g/mol的增链剂如果合适的话在(d-ii)催化剂和/或(e-ii)助剂的存在下反应而得到。
常规用于聚氨酯的制备的组分(a-ii)、(b-ii)以及如果合适的话(c-ii)、(d-ii)和/或(e-ii)现在将举例描述:
a)有用的有机异氰酸酯(a-ii)包括通常已知的脂族、环脂族、芳脂族和/或芳族异氰酸酯,实例为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、2,2′、2,4′和/或4,4′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化MDI(HMDI)、亚乙基二亚苯基二异氰酸酯(EDI)。优选使用HDI和4,4′-MDI。
b-ii)有用的异氰酸酯反应性化合物(b)包括通常已知的异氰酸酯反应性化合物,实例为聚酯醇、聚醚醇和/或聚碳酸酯二醇,其也通常归入术语多元醇。
这些的数均分子量通常为500-8000g/mol,优选600-5000g/mol,尤其是800-3000g/mol。它们另外通常的平均官能度为1.8-2.3,优选1.9-2.1,尤其是2。平均官能度指每多元醇分子的平均OH基团数。
当聚醚醇用作(b-ii)时,这些通常通过已知方法,例如通过用碱金属氢氧化物作为催化剂并在附属包含大量反应性氢原子的起动分子的存在下由一种或多种选自氧化丙烯(PO)和氧化乙烯(EO)的氧化烯阴离子聚合而制备。
作为组分(b-ii),也可使用通过四氢呋喃开环聚合而得到的聚醚醇。这些聚四氢呋喃优选具有约2的官能度。它们另外优选具有数均分子量为500-4000g/mol,优选700-3000g/mol,更优选900-2500g/mol。聚四氢呋喃(=PTHF)也在本领域中在1,4-丁二醇(=PTMG)、聚四亚甲基醚二醇(=PTMEG)或聚氧化四亚甲基(=PTMO)的名称下已知。
当聚酯醇用作组分(b-ii)时,它们通常通过具有2-12个碳原子,优选2-6个碳原子的多官能醇与具有2-12个碳原子的多官能羧酸缩合而制备,羧酸的实例为琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、癸烷二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸,以及优选邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和异构萘二甲酸。
优选实施方案使用包含数均分子量为大于400至5000g/mol,优选大于500至3000g/mol,更优选1000-2500g/mol的聚酯醇的组分(b-ii)。
优选的多元醇为聚THF以及基于己二酸的聚酯醇,尤其是可通过己二酸与1,4-丁二醇、1,2-乙二醇、2-甲基丙烷-1,3-二醇或3-甲基-1,5-二醇或其混合物缩合而得到的聚酯醇。
c-ii)有用的增链剂(c-ii)包括通常已知的分子量为50-499的脂族、芳脂族、芳族和/或环脂族化合物,优选2-官能化合物,实例为二胺和/或亚烷基中具有2-10个碳原子的链烷二醇,尤其是1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和/或具有3-8个碳原子的二-、三-、四-、五-、六-、七-、八亚烷基二醇,优选相应的低聚和/或聚丙二醇,包括增链剂的混合物。特别优选使用二醇作为增链剂,尤其是使用1,4-丁二醇。
d-ii)尤其促进二异氰酸酯(a-ii)的NCO基团与结构单元组分(b-ii)和(c-ii)的羟基之间的反应的有用催化剂为现有技术已知的化合物。其实例为叔胺以及尤其是有机金属化合物如钛酯,铁化合物如乙酰丙酮铁(i),锡化合物,实例为二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸锡或脂族羧酸的二烷基锡盐如二乙酸二丁锡、二月桂酸二丁锡等。优选使用有机金属化合物,尤其是二辛酸锡。当异氰酸酯为脂族异氰酸酯时,二辛酸锡以10-1000ppm,尤其是100-500ppm的浓度使用。当异氰酸酯为芳族异氰酸酯时,二辛酸锡以0.01-100ppm,优选0.1-10ppm,更优选0.5-5ppm的浓度使用。
e-ii)不仅催化剂(d-ii),也可将助剂(e-ii)加入结构单元组分(a)-(c)中。有用的助剂例如包括表面活性物质、填料、阻燃剂、成核剂、抗氧化剂、润滑和脱模剂、染料和颜料,如果合适的话除本发明稳定剂混合物外例如抗水解、光、热或褪色的其他稳定剂,无机和/或有机填料、增强剂和增塑剂。在优选实施方案中,组分(e-ii)还例如包括水解稳定剂如聚合和低分子量碳二亚胺。
不仅指定的组分(a-ii)和(b-ii)和如果合适的话(c-ii)、(d-ii)和(e-ii),也可使用常规分子量为31-499的链调节剂。这种链调节剂为仅具有一个异氰酸酯反应性官能团的化合物,实例为单官能醇、单官能胺和/或单官能多元醇。这种链调节剂可在TPU的情况下将流动行为尤其调整至特定值。链调节剂通常可以以基于100重量份组分(b-ii)0-5重量份,优选0.1-1重量份的量使用,且根据定义在组分(c-ii)范围内。
热塑性聚氨酯的转化优选在没有发泡剂的存在下进行。得到的热塑性聚氨酯因此优选为紧密热塑性聚氨酯。
这里引用的所有分子量的单位为[g/mol]。
为调整TPU的硬度,结构单元组分(b-ii)和(c-ii)可在相对宽的摩尔比内变化。有用的是组分(b-ii)与总的增链剂(c)的摩尔比为10∶1-1∶10,尤其是1∶1-1∶4,TPU硬度随(c)含量的提高而提高。
反应可在常规特征,例如800-1100下进行。特征定义为100倍的反应中的组分(a)的总异氰酸酯基团与组分(b)和(c)的异氰酸酯反应性基团,即活性氢原子之比。当特征为1000时,每组分(a)的异氰酸酯基团,在组分(b)和(c)部分上存在一个活性氢原子,即一个异氰酸酯反应性官能。在1000以上的特征下,将存在比OH基团更多的异氰酸酯基团。
优选使用970-1000,更优选980-995的特征。
1000以下的特征可以为有利的,这是由于TPU的摩尔质量因此降低,因此熔体流动指数上升至优选用于加工的范围。
优选实施方案使用热塑性聚氨酯用于生产根据DIN 53505测量肖氏硬度(Shore hardness)为70肖氏A至54肖氏D,优选80肖氏A至95肖氏A的无纺布(ii)。
这样的热塑性聚氨酯的密度通常为800-1300克/升(g/l),优选1000-1250g/l。
优选实施方案使用热塑性聚氨酯用于生产具有根据DIN EN ISO 1133测量40-1000(210℃,21kg)的MFR熔体流动指数,更优选60-600的MFR,甚至更优选60-200的MFR的无纺布(ii)。
TPU可通过已知方法,例如通过一步法或预聚物方法使用反应挤出机或皮带方法连续,或通过惯用的预聚物操作批量制备。在这些方法中,反应的组分(a)、(b)和如果合适的话(c)、(d)和/或(e)可相继或同时相互混合,反应随后立即进行。
在挤出机方法中,将结构嵌段组分(a)、(b)和如果合适的话(c)、(d)和/或(e)单独或作为混合物引入挤出机中,例如在100-280℃,优选140-250℃下反应,将得到的TPU挤出、冷却并造粒。
包含热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布(ii)通常可通过常规熔喷法或纺粘法由上述热塑性聚氨酯产生。熔喷法和纺粘法为本领域技术人员已知的。
在方法中形成的无纺布通常在它们的机械性能和它们的一致性方面不同。通过纺粘法产生的无纺布(ii)水平和垂直均特别稳定,但具有开孔结构。
通过熔喷法产生的无纺布(ii)具有特别稠密的纤维网,因此形成对于液体非常有效的屏障。
优选使用熔喷无纺布(ii)。
为通过熔喷法生产TPU无纺布,可使用用于生产熔喷无纺布的商用装置。这种装置可例如由德国的Reifenhuser得到。
通常,在熔喷法中,将TPU在挤出机中熔融,借助常规辅助设备如熔融泵或过滤器供入纺丝箱体中。这里聚合物通常流过喷嘴,在喷管出口处通过空气流变细以形成长丝。变细的长丝通常向下放置在转鼓或皮带上并传送。
优选实施方案使用压缩比为1∶2-1∶3,特别优选1∶2-1∶2.5的单螺杆挤出机。
优选另外使用长与直径(L/D)比为25-30的三段式螺杆。三段优选长度相等。三段螺杆优选具有0.8-1.2D,特别优选0.95-1.05D的完全等螺距。螺杆与套筒之间的间隙为>0.1mm,优选0.1-0.2mm。
当屏障型螺杆用作挤出机螺杆时,优选使用>1.2mm的溢流间隙。
当螺杆装配有混合元件时,这些混合元件优选不是剪切元件。
无纺布装置的通常尺寸使得TPU的停留时间尽可能短,即<15分钟,优选<10分钟,更优选<5分钟.
取决于它的硬度,TPU通常在180-220℃下加工。然而,令人惊讶的是它现在显示出当加工温度高于常规建议的加工温度时特别有效地生产TPU无纺布。优选,热塑性聚氨酯在如下温度下加工:
对于肖氏硬度为75A-85A的TPU:
接头在180-240℃,更优选200-220℃下,
头在180-240℃,更优选200-220℃下,
喷嘴在180-240℃,更优选200-220℃下;
对于肖氏硬度为>85A,优选90A-98A的TPU:
接头在200-260℃,更优选220-240℃下,
头在200-260℃,更优选220-240℃下,
喷嘴在200-260℃,更优选220-240℃下。
本发明复合组件,不仅包含覆盖层(iii)和无纺布(ii),还包含聚氨酯泡沫(i)。
聚氨酯泡沫(i)可通过包含多异氰酸酯组分和多元醇组分的聚氨酯体系组分反应而得到。
异氰酸酯组分包含多异氰酸酯(a-i)。
多元醇组分包含多元醇(b-i)和如果合适的话发泡剂(c-i)、催化剂(d-i)和添加剂(e-i),例如阻燃剂、染料、颜料、稳定剂、填料等。
所用的多异氰酸酯(a-i)包含聚氨酯领域中的常规异氰酸酯。脂族、环脂族、芳脂族和芳族多官能异氰酸酯是通常考虑的。优选使用芳族二异氰酸酯和多异氰酸酯。优选的实例为2,4-和2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何混合物;2,2’-、2,4’-和4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及这些异构体的任何混合物;2,2’-、2,4’-和4,4’-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与聚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯(粗MDI)的混合物。作为选择,可使用甲苯二异氰酸酯与粗MDI的混合物。
多异氰酸酯(a-i)也可以以多异氰酸酯预聚物的形式使用。预聚物通常通过所述多异氰酸酯(a-i)例如在20-100℃,优选约80℃下与下文所述的多元醇(b-i)反应以形成预聚物而制备。多元醇/多异氰酸酯比的通常选择使得预聚物的NCO含量为20-32重量%,优选25-31重量%。
聚醚醇或聚酯醇通常用作多元醇(b-i)。然而,也考虑其他含羟基的聚合物,实例为聚酯酰胺、聚缩醛。
适合的聚酯醇通常通过具有2-12个碳原子,优选2-6个碳原子的多官能醇,优选二醇如己二醇,与具有2-12个碳原子的多官能羧酸,例如己二酸和/或苯二甲酸缩合而制备。所用的聚醚醇通常的官能度为2-8,尤其是4-3,更优选2-3。
聚醚醇优选用作多元醇(b-i)。适合的聚醚醇在下文在组分(b-i-1)的标题下描述。
所用的聚醚多元醇通常的(b-i-1)OH数为15-200,优选2-120,更优选22-90,标称官能度为2-4,优选2.2-2.9。
如果合适的话,组分(b-i)也可另外包含具有异氰酸酯反应性氢原子的化合物,在这种情况下这些化合物优选分子中带有两个或多个选自OH基团、SH基团、NH基团、NH2基团和酸性CH基团的反应性基团,例如β-二酮基团。取决于组分(b)中这些化合物的存在,本发明范围中的聚氨酯通常应包含多异氰酸酯-加聚产物,例如包括聚脲。
在优选实施方案中,多元醇(b-i)包含一种或多种选自如下的组分:
(b-i-1)聚醚多元醇,优选OH数为15-200,
(b-i-2)聚合物多元醇,
(b-i-3)交联剂和
(b-i-4)泡孔扩张剂。
所用聚醚多元醇(b-i-1)通常根据惯用方法,例如通过用碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾作为催化剂并在至少一种附属包含2-4个反应性氢原子的起动分子的存在下由一种或多种氧化烯,优选选自氧化丙烯(PO)和氧化乙烯(EO)阴离子聚合而制备。
有用的聚醚多元醇(b-i-1)另外包括所谓低不饱和聚醚多元醇。低不饱和度多元在本发明范围中尤其为包含小于0.02meq/g,优选小于0.01meq/g不饱和化合物的聚醚醇。这种聚醚醇通过氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯及其混合物在所谓双金属氰化物催化剂的存在下在至少双官能醇上加成而制备。
氧化烯可单独、以交替顺序或作为混合物使用。EO/PO混合物的使用产生具有PO/EO单元无规分布的聚醚多元醇。可起始于EO/PO混合物,然后在聚合不连续之前仅使用PO或EO,在这种情况下视情况而定得到PO或EO封端的聚醚多元醇。
有用的起动分子例如包括水,有机二羧酸,二胺,例如未取代或单-和二烷基取代的亚乙基二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、1,3-亚丙基二胺和/或1,3-或1,4-亚丁基二胺。有用的起动分子另外包括链烷醇例如乙醇胺,N-甲基乙醇胺,N-乙基乙醇胺,二链烷醇胺如二乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺和三链烷醇胺如三乙醇胺和氨。有用的起动分子另外包括二元、三元或四元醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二乙二醇、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、甘油和/或季戊四醇。
聚醚多元醇为单个或两种或多种上述聚醚多元醇的混合物的形式。
通常,所用的聚醚多元醇的(b-i-1)OH数为15-200,优选20-120,更优选22-90,标称官能度为2-4,优选2.2-2.9。
组分(b-i-2)包含所谓的聚合物多元醇,常常也称作接枝多元醇。这些聚合物多元醇通常通过适合的烯烃单体自由基聚合而制备,烯烃单体的实例为苯乙烯、丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酰胺,其中聚醚醇用作接枝基。侧链通常通过自由基由生长聚合物链转移至聚醚多元醇而形成。聚合物多元醇,以及接枝共聚物主要包含烯烃的均聚物,其分散在未改变的聚醚醇中。
优选实施方案包括在聚醚醇或聚酯醇作为连续相中制备丙烯腈、苯乙烯,尤其是比为1∶1-3∶1的苯乙烯和丙烯腈作为单体以及如果合适的话在其他单体、大分子单体、缓和剂的存在下并使用自由基引发剂,通常为偶氮或过氧化合物。
有用的基聚醚醇通常包括羟基官能度为1.8-8,优选2-3,羟值为20-100mg KOH/g,优选25-70mg KOH/g,通过氧化烯,优选氧化乙烯和/或氧化丙烯阴离子、阳离子或中性聚合(DMC)而制备的化合物。
聚合物多元醇(b-i-2)优选以与聚醚多元醇(b-i-1)的混合物使用。优选的实施方案包含基于组分(b-i)的总重量5-50重量%,优选6-30重量%,更优选8-20重量%的量的聚合物多元醇(b-i-2)。
在优选的实施方案中,多元醇组分(b-i)另外包含交联剂作为组分(b-i-3)。有用的交联剂例如包括多元醇,优选标称官能度为大于2,优选3-4,OH数为200-2000,优选500-1200的聚醚多元醇。
交联剂(b-i-3)的量基于组分(b-i)的总重量通常为0.1-5重量%,优选0.5-4重量%,更优选1-3重量%。
在优选实施方案中,多元醇组分(b-i)另外包含泡孔扩张剂作为组分(b-i-4)。有用的泡孔扩张剂例如包括氧化乙烯含量基于所用氧化烯的总重量为大于50重量%,优选大于65重量%的聚醚多元醇。这些聚醚多元醇的标称官能度优选2-3。这些聚醚多元醇另外优选OH数25-120,更优选30-80。
泡孔扩张剂(b-i-4)的量基于组分(b-i)的总重量通常为0.1-35重量%,优选1-5重量%,更优选2-4重量%。
通常已知的化学或物理作用化合物可用作发泡剂(c-i)。水是优选的化学作用发泡剂。物理发泡剂的实例为具有4-8个碳原子的(环)脂族烃,其在聚氨酯形成的条件下气化。优选实施方案使用水作为唯一发泡剂。
所用发泡剂的量主要取决于泡沫的目标密度。通常水以0-5重量%,优选0.1-3重量%使用。通常,物理作用发泡剂可另外以0-8重量%,优选0.1-5重量%使用。二氧化碳也是有用的发泡剂,优选作为气体溶解在起始组分中。
优选使用水和/或二氧化碳作为发泡剂。
有用的制备本发明聚氨酯泡沫的催化剂包括常规和已知的聚氨酯形成催化剂(d-i),实例为有机锡化合物,例如二乙酸锡、二辛酸锡、二月桂酸二丁锡,和/或强碱性胺如二氮杂双环辛烷、三乙基胺或优选三亚乙基二胺或双(N,N-二甲基氨基乙基)醚。催化剂优选以基于组分(b-i)的总重量0.1-3重量%,优选0.5-2重量%的量使用。
组分(a-i)与(b-i)的反应如果合适的话在(e-i)助剂和/或添加剂材料的存在下进行,实例为泡孔调节剂、脱模剂、颜料、增强材料如玻璃纤维、表面活性化合物和/或抗氧化、热、水解或微生物降解或老化的稳定剂。
聚氨酯泡沫(i)的密度通常为25-500g/l,有利的是30-250g/l,优选35-100g/l,更优选40-80g/l,甚至更优选45-70g/l。
为制备产生于聚氨酯体系组分(a-i)、(b-i)和如果合适的话(c-i)至(e-i)反应的聚氨酯泡沫(i),以使NCO基团与反应性氢原子的总和的当量比为1∶0.8-1∶1.25,优选1∶0.9-1∶1.15的量将聚氨酯体系组分(a-i)、(b-i)和如果合适的话(c-i)至(e-i)借助常规高压或低压混合头混合并反应(即引入模具)。这里1∶1的比相应于100的NCO指数。
本发明的复合组件如果合适的话包含覆盖层(iii)、热塑性聚氨酯无纺布(ii)和聚氨酯泡沫(i).
通常存在无纺布(ii)与聚氨酯泡沫(i)之间的结合,其中无纺布(ii)与聚氨酯泡沫(i)之间的粘合力大于聚氨酯泡沫内的内聚力。因此,它是如果发生拉伸载荷和(i)与(ii)之间无结合的话断裂的泡沫层(i)。
本发明进一步提供一种生产包含如下组分的复合组件的方法:
i)聚氨酯泡沫,
ii)热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布,和
iii)如果合适的话覆盖层,
该方法包括如下步骤:
1)如果合适的话将覆盖层(iii)引入模具中,
2)将无纺布(ii)引入模具中,
3)施用聚氨酯体系组分,以及
4)使聚氨酯体系组分反应以形成聚氨酯泡沫(i)。
本发明方法在模具中进行。所用的模具通常包含底部和顶部。所用的底和/或顶部通常为表面例如由钢、铝、搪瓷、特氟隆(Teflon)、环氧树脂或一些其他建筑聚合材料组成,如果合适的话表面可以镀铬,例如硬镀铬的半模。模具应优选为温度可控制的以便可设定优选的温度。为了达到需要的合模力/锁模力,优选将一半模具加压。
任选覆盖层(iii)通常在独立操作中产生。本发明方法的步骤(1)包括将覆盖层(iii)优选通过将它放置在敞口模具的底部表面而引入模具中。优选在将它引入模具中之前将覆盖层深冲压。覆盖层优选放置在模具底部中,面朝下稍后有可见边。在优选实施方案中,覆盖层通过施加降低的压力,例如通过真空吸头固定在模具的底部。
本发明方法的步骤(2)包括引入包含上文所述的热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布(ii)。当覆盖层已在步骤中(1)中插入时,优选将无纺布(ii)放置在覆盖层(iii)之上。优选在方法中例如借助粘合剂,尤其借助热熔粘合剂使无纺布与覆盖层粘附地结合。
在一个实施方案中,本发明方法的步骤(1)和(2)可“在一个步骤中”进行。在这种情况下,可将覆盖层(iii)和无纺布(ii)的层压体引入模具中。如果合适的话,将层压体在将它引入模具中之前深冲压。
本发明方法的步骤(3)包括引入聚氨酯体系的液体组分。聚氨酯体系组分包含上文所述的组分(a-i)、(b-i)和如果合适的话(c-i)至(e-i)。聚氨酯体系组分通常通过灌注(优选借助高压机,作为选择借助低压机)或喷雾而引入。
通常不需要无纺布(ii)的火焰层合以实现无纺布(ii)与泡沫(i)之间的结合,优选不进行。
在一个实施方案中,优选借助机器人将聚氨酯体系组分引入敞口模具中至无纺布上。优选将模具在液体PU混合物开始发泡之前关闭。该实施方案对于生产座椅或地毯特别有用。
在可选择的实施方案中,将聚氨酯体系组分注入密闭的模具中至无纺布上。该实施方案特别适于生产地毯。
本发明方法的步骤(4)包括聚氨酯体系组分反应以形成聚氨酯泡沫(i)。反应通常在20-60℃下进行以塑模。就这一点可指出的是严格化学意义上的反应在将组分混合过程中已开始。
密闭模具中聚氨酯体系组分的发泡有效地:
1.用聚氨酯泡沫完全填充模具
2.使聚氨酯泡沫(i)结合在无纺布(ii)上而后者不会浸透。
通常使聚氨酯泡沫在将模具打开之前固化0.5-5分钟,优选1-2分钟,取出产生的复合组件。
通常本发明方法产生的循环时间为1-15分钟,优选2-5分钟。循环时间为全循环时间,即引入覆盖层至取出即产生的结构组件的时间。
本发明复合组件通常用于座椅或地毯。
座椅的实例为运输工具中的座椅,例如汽车座椅、火车座椅、飞机座椅;内部装饰的座椅,如睡椅和/或办公室座椅的垫子。
地毯的实例为运输工具中的地毯,例如汽车地毯、火车地毯、飞机地毯和/或内部装饰的座椅,如铺地地毯。
本发明因此还提供一种包含本发明复合组件的座椅。更特别是,本发明座椅为汽车座椅。本发明还提供一种包含本发明复合组件的地毯。
如下实施例用来阐明本发明。
实施例
实施例1:生产热塑性聚氨酯无纺布
在来自Reifenhuser的无纺装置上生产ElastollanB 95 A。使以100kg/h的平均通过速率通过挤出机前进的TPU在由200℃逐步升高至240℃的温度下熔融并通过纺丝箱体纺丝。工艺空气温度为240℃。模头收集器距离(DCD)为20cm。调整皮带速度使得无纺布的定量为200g/m2
实施例2:生产热塑性聚氨酯无纺布
在来自Reifenhiuser的无纺装置上生产ElastollanB 95。使以100kg/h的平均通过速率通过挤出机前进的TPU在由200℃逐步升高至240℃的温度下熔融并通过纺丝箱体纺丝。工艺空气温度为240℃。模头收集器距离(DCD)为20cm。调整皮带速度使得无纺布的定量为50g/m2
实施例3:生产热塑性聚氨酯无纺布
在来自Reifenhuser的无纺装置上生产Elastollan1180 A。使以100kg/h的平均通过速率通过挤出机前进的TPU在由200℃逐步升高至240℃的温度下熔融并通过纺丝箱体纺丝。工艺空气温度为240℃。模头收集器距离(DCD)为10cm与60cm之间。调整皮带速度使得无纺布的定量为100g/m2
实施例4-6:生产包含无纺布和聚氨酯泡沫的复合组件
表1中报告的成分用于生产实施例4-6的聚氨酯泡沫(i)。将报告的成分通过高压混合头混合并反应以形成聚氨酯泡沫。实施例4和5为比较例。表1:
组分   比较例4重量份   比较例5*重量份 本发明实施例6重量份
 Lupranol2090     83.20     82.10     83.20
 Lupranol2032     10.00     10.00     10.00
 LupranolVP9349     1.50     1.50     1.50
 Glycerol     0.90     0.90     0.90
 LupragenN 201     0.60     0.60     0.60
 TegostabB 8680     0.10     0.10     0.10
 LarominC 260     0.50
 LupranatM 20A     0.60
 LupragenN 211     0.20     0.20     0.20
 JeffcatZF 10     0.1     0.1     0.1
 Water     3.4     3.4     3.4
比较例5:
将比较例5重量份Lupranol2090、Lupranol2032、LupranolVP9349、甘油、LupragenN 201、TegostabB 8680与0.5重量份LarominC 260通过强烈搅拌而混合。其后,强烈搅拌加入0.6重量份LupranatM20A。15分钟的搅拌时间后,加入报告的重量份的水、JeffcatZF 10和LupragenN 211并混入。与比较例4和本发明实施例6相比,因此制备的A组分包含分散的脲。
为制备聚氨酯泡沫(i),使实施例4-6的多元醇组分与NCO预聚物(NCO含量:31%,可通过MDI和PMDI混合物与基于甘油和氧化丙烯的聚醚多元醇(OH值42mg KOH/g)反应而得到)反应。反应混合物用于使织物材料或更确切地说热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布(ii)背发泡。
发泡后,评估渗透能力。
  特性 比较例4 比较例5*   本发明实施例6
  多元醇组分粘度   1550mPas   2070mPas   1550mPas
  无纺布   聚酯   聚酯   来自实施例1的TPU
  渗透能力**   3-4   2   1
**视觉上评估渗透行为,等级从“1”=绝对无渗透至“5”=完全渗透到另一侧。

Claims (11)

1.一种包含如下组分的复合组件:
i)聚氨酯泡沫,
ii)热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布,和
iii)如果合适的话覆盖层。
2.根据权利要求1的复合组件,其中所述覆盖层(iii)包含织物、棉网和/或皮革。
3.根据权利要求1或2的复合组件,其中根据ISO 9073-1测定所述无纺布(ii)的定量为20-500g/m2
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的复合组件,其中根据ISO 9073-2测定所述无纺布(ii)的厚度为0.01-5毫米(mm)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的复合组件,其中根据DIN 53505测定所述用于生产所述无纺布的热塑性聚氨酯的肖氏硬度为肖氏80 A至肖氏60D。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的复合组件,其中所述聚氨酯泡沫(i)为在10%的压缩应变下DIN 53421压缩应力小于30kPa的聚氨酯柔性泡沫。
7.包含如下组分的复合组件在生产座椅或地毯中的用途:
i)聚氨酯泡沫,
ii)热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布,和
iii)如果合适的话覆盖层。
8.一种包含根据权利要求1-6中任一项的复合组件的座椅。
9.一种包含根据权利要求1-6中任一项的复合组件的地毯。
10.根据权利要求8的座椅,为汽车座椅。
11.一种生产包含如下组分的复合组件的方法:
i)聚氨酯泡沫,
ii)热塑性聚氨酯的无纺布,和
iii)如果合适的话覆盖层,
该方法包括如下步骤:
1)如果合适的话将覆盖层引入模具中,
2)将无纺布引入模具中,
3)施用聚氨酯体系组分,以及
4)使聚氨酯体系组分反应以形成聚氨酯泡沫。
CNA2006800189568A 2005-06-03 2006-05-30 包含热塑性聚氨酯无纺布的复合组件 Pending CN101184620A (zh)

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