CN101176408B - Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature - Google Patents
Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN101176408B CN101176408B CN200710149487A CN200710149487A CN101176408B CN 101176408 B CN101176408 B CN 101176408B CN 200710149487 A CN200710149487 A CN 200710149487A CN 200710149487 A CN200710149487 A CN 200710149487A CN 101176408 B CN101176408 B CN 101176408B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation and seedling method for cover crops by adopting optical principle and temperature control method, which is characterized in that during the cultivation and seedling stage of a cover crop, the cover prop is radiated by the most proper light wave in red orange and blue purple light wave band in the photosynthesis of the crop; or the crop is stimulated by controlling the temperature with relatively high speed and the temperature that inhibits spindling in photosynthesis of the crop; or one or more combination of a reflective curtain, a reflected light plate and a plastic film that can emit or reflect the strongest light suitable for the photosynthesis of the crop is arranged in the greenhouse or shed covered by common plastic film or glass; or the combination of the methods. The invention has the advantages that the light quality received by the cover crop is changed; the effective time that produces maximum effectiveness to the crop in photosynthesis is prolonged; the vegetative growth of the crop is changed; the reproductive and growth conditions are changed; at the same time, by performing temperature control scientifically and reasonably, dry matter is accumulated to the maximum extent, and the phenomena of seedling injury under high temperature, greenness and dryness, and spindling are avoided; weak and fragile seedlings are avoided, and the seedlings or plants are vigorous.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, particularly relate to a kind of method of carrying out the cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method.
Background technology
In the prior art, especially growing seedlings the stage in the cover crop cultivation, all is to adopt tunica albuginea covering custom to leak informaton to control temperature, to reach the purpose that insulation promotes plant growth usually.Adopt this method to the existing favourable one side of plant growth, disadvantageous one side is arranged again, its disadvantage is mainly reflected in the following aspects: one, because after the white film covering; The light that is seen through, the light that is radiated on the crop in other words do not change into the strongest light of crop photosynthesis intensity, and two, the white plastic film covers the back and control temperature with the windproof thermal-insulating method of custom, makes day and night temperature too big; Unfavorable to photosynthesis under hot conditions, respiration consumption is strengthened, simultaneously; Do not note slightly if leak informaton; Cause excessive growth easily, seedling is weak even burn seedling, blue or green doing, and causes unnecessary loss; Three, owing to above two reasons, cause the high efficiency time of photosynthesis to shorten relatively, the accumulation of dry matter reduces, and is unfavorable for cultivating strong sprout and healthy and strong plant.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of method of carrying out the cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method is provided.
The realization of this method at first will be produced horticultural covering film or garden glass red, orange, blue, purple, small arched shed film (general film) and can launch suitable plant make deposits yields Reflecting curtain (plate), mulch film or any object of the light wave of high photosynthetic intensity.
In red, orange, blue, purple these four kinds of light waves, the peak value of light wave that crop sequences is utilized is different.In the red-light spectrum scope, some plant thinks that in some data 660 millimicrons photosynthesis is the strongest, and other data think that then 679 millimicrons photosynthesis is the strongest, also has some to think that 670 millimicrons photosynthesis is the strongest or the like.And what can produce the photosynthesis maximum intensity in the orange light is not crest, but from 600～640 millimicrons one section light wave scope comparatively reposefully.Therefore, the orange light of arranging in pairs or groups is necessary with the deficiency that remedies ruddiness.
In blue light light wave scope, kindred circumstances is arranged also.Some data thinks that some crops are the strongest to 440 millimicrons crest absorption; Other data are then thought 430 millimicrons even 453 millimicrons, also have some data to think that some plants absorb the strongest to 280 millimicrons, 300 millimicrons, 390 millimicrons crests of purple light.With blue, purple collocation, comparatively desirable with skipper, this is that chlorophyll absorbs best light wave.In any case the light wave in these four chromatograms of blood orange royal purple is the light wave that utilizes effect higher relatively.So; It is comparatively extensive to produce this plastic film or the glass scope of application red, orange, blue, purple secondary colour, and this film or glass are with list structure collocation (red 7 one-tenth of oranges, 3 one-tenth of the royal purple of adding); Certainly, can not get rid of the effect that monochromatic film (glass) is grown the stimulating growth of some crop.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method of carrying out the cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method; It is characterized in that: in cover crop cultivation and grow seedlings the stage, it is applied be fit to this crop light-wave irradiation in optimum blood orange and the royal purple light-wave band in photosynthesis; Or control crop high-speed relatively temperature in photosynthesis stimulates this crop with the temperature that suppresses excessive growth; Or be arranged on in common plastic film or glass-faced temperature canopy or the greenhouse with one or more the combination that can launch or reflect the Reflecting curtain, reflector or the plastic film that are fit to the crop photosynthesis effect strongest light of planting; Perhaps several persons' combination in the aforesaid way;
Above-mentioned cover crop is paddy rice, corn, wheat, vegetables, melon and fruit or flowers; Make crop accept blood orange and royal purple irradiate light through covering blood orange and bluish violet plastic film; Thereby change the photosynthesis effect of light quality, make light quality be most appropriate to the photosynthesis of this crop crops;
Make crop accept irradiate light through covered with plastic film (glass), one or more the combination that can launch or reflect in reflector, Reflecting curtain, plastic film or other object that is fit to the most effective light wave of crop photosynthesis effect of planting is set in Wen Peng (greenhouse) then;
In green house of vegetables is produced, since various in style, long day crop is arranged, short day crop being arranged, can not unite with plastic film (glass) covering of one or more looks.Some plants need red light irradiation in vegetative growth phase, could shift to an earlier date reproductive growth, and can suppress reproductive growth for other crop red light irradiations, and this just requires crop sequences is removed to use different films.When needs vigorous nourish and grow the time, use a kind of irradiate light, make it can high yield and high quality.This just requires maybe can launch difference to some extent in the production of object of certain light that is suitable for planting crop growth at built-in reflector, Reflecting curtain, mulch film.The light of above-mentioned object emission should not be a kind of, but the combination of multiple one or several light of list.
Covering on the flexible Application booth (or greenhouse) and built-in various luminous object are the well-grown that impels and guarantee crop, the important measures that growth is achieved one's goal, raised productivity and improved the quality.
When temperature in warm canopy or the greenhouse surpasses 15 ℃, open the canopy film, make that temperature turns back to 10 ℃ in warm canopy or the greenhouse; Naturally rise to 15 ℃ then,, make its time lengthening crop photosynthesis effect maximum intensity through this control mode; And photosynthetic secondary peak can appear; Simultaneously, this low temperature treatment can make seedling adapt to external environment in advance, accomplishes low temperature refining seedling; When warm canopy or greenhouse are after the temperature temperature surpasses 15 ℃, adjust that temperature arrives the plant growth optimal temperature of planting warm canopy or greenhouse in;
When remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe, excessive growth appears in crop, control between 36 ℃～39 ℃ of warm canopy or the greenhouse temperatures, can suppress aerial growth, impel underground root growth.
Usually take morning to leak informaton to the adjusting of temperature, the size in afternoon adjustment air port is carried out insulation, can impel root growth, cultivates well developed root system, blade is many, seedling is stocky strong sprout.
Utilization principle of the present invention is: because the light wavelength that Different Crop is utilized in photosynthesis is different; So the present invention utilizes any object that can launch the light wave that is fit to certain crop of colored plastic film or reflecting plate or other; The light quality of the crops acceptance of culture underglass is changed, make it produce prolongation effective time of greatest benefit, thereby nourishing and growing of crop changed photosynthesis; The reproductive growth condition changes; The simultaneously scientific and rational again temperature of carrying out is controlled, and just can accumulate dry matter to greatest extent, and has avoided high temperature to burn seedling, blue or green dried, excessive growth phenomenon; Overcome that seedling is weak, seedling is tender, made its seedling or robust plant.
Through method of the present invention, can make its seedling stocky so that cover crop such as seedling cultivation of rice, corn are grown seedlings and can be cultivated strong sprout; Well developed root system, blade is many, and it is fast to turn green after the transplanting; The wheat seedling raising and transplanting can changing cropping pattern, makes three, the field of April practices thrift out the production of development green manure; Fertilizing soil or planting forage grass, for aquaculture provides food, the plantation winter wheat can produce one batch of wheat more; So both well having protected environment, also is an improvement to natural environment, can also alleviate the Yellow River water supply gets simultaneously.For vegetables, melon and fruit, can grow also in advance that output increases, precocity fruiting, many results, early go public, productive phase prolongs; The flowers class can be bloomed in advance and bloomed more, and the florescence is long.
Be example with the seedling cultivation of rice below, technique effect of the present invention be described:
It is more that I distinguish the rice white belly, influence rice matter, and its reason is that the seedling phase is slow partially, and the maturing stage is fixed lateer, and is ripe bad, and this just needs seedling in advance.Use seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can make rice seedling healthy and strong, the plant dry matter increases, and the ability of resisting adverse circumstances strengthens.Length of time rice seedlings grow height of seedling reached about the 14cm in 30 day, and 4 in blade makes seedling become middle seedling, the well developed root system of rice shoot, and packing is good, especially presses under the condition that reduces labor intensity current peasant, and it is fast to turn green after helping machine rice transplantation and inserting.For improving output good facilitation is arranged.Seedling on April 25 adopted black slightly to pass through the film of orange red light to May 15, on a seedling pond, covered 5 meters in the seedling field of the Wang Qing of peasant household lotus in 2005; Wherein 2 meters covered 10 days, and other has 2 meters lids to recover peasant household's tunica albuginea covering after 5 days, and all the other are when comparing; Measure during to May 25 rice transplanting, the result covers 10 days rice shoot than 1～1.5 of the rice shoot blade increase of covering tunica albuginea, tunica albuginea only is increased to 2.5 leaves by 2～2.1 leaves, and the rice shoot that this plastic film is educated to be the number of blade reach 3.5～4.0 leaves; Root system is flourishing especially, Bai Genduo, the long 6～7cm of root; In root layer bottom near the making hole film place, coil into cotton-shaped, just as having got rid of individual stone roller; Increase blade half sheet to 1 leaf and cover 5 days rice shoot blade than tunica albuginea, reach 3～3.5 leaves, root growth is slightly more quite a lot of than conventional tunica albuginea seedling; Have white, root bottom part does not coil into cotton-shaped but slightly is better than tunica albuginea, the number of blade 2.5 leaves and tunica albuginea is grown seedlings; Only height of seedling 12cm is comparatively desirable; Root system is scattered, quantity is few, does not find white root and new root, and the long 1～2cm of root is than covering 10 days poor 5cm.Grew seedlings with black film in 2006 and ideal results do not occur.Used blood orange, hepatic plastic film seedling-raising in 2007, and received obvious effects equally, hundred seedling dry matters obviously increase, and grow seedlings with the tunica albuginea of routine and compare; Height of seedling 14.8cm, the height of seedling 10.3cm and tunica albuginea is grown seedlings, high 4.5cm; 2.98 of the numbers of blade, 2.5 leaves of growing seedlings than conventional tunica albuginea are Duoed 0.5 leaf, hundred seedling overground part dry weights, 2.1 grams; 1.44 grams of growing seedlings than conventional tunica albuginea increase by 0.66 gram, hundred seedling underground part dry weights, 1.2 grams, and 0.96 gram of growing seedlings than conventional tunica albuginea increases by 0.24 gram; The above strain number of three leaves accounts for 68.6%, and conventional tunica albuginea seedling accounts for 31%, has increased by 37.6%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With the seedling cultivation of rice is example:
The raising rice seedlings pond is directly covered with the plastic film of blood orange and royal purple, make crop can receive blood orange and royal purple irradiate light.
After seedling has all sprouted, will note often leaking informaton, generally at temperature during near 10 ℃ of left and right sides; The temperature of warm canopy has surpassed 15 ℃ in the film; At this moment photosynthesis is through high efficiency temperature course once, and can once widen the air port of plastic film this moment, and warm temperature of shed is reduced near temperature (10 ℃); Through a temperature course of 10 ℃～15 ℃, this just makes crop pass through the photosynthetic peak period of secondary to the crop that makes covering again.Because the optimum temperature of photosynthesis is 10 ℃～15 ℃.This processing procedure has been done sth. in advance the time of low temperature refining seedling simultaneously.
When the temperature in temperature and the warm canopy had surpassed 15 ℃, daily maximum temperature was lower as if working as, and closes tight air port immediately, and the temperature in the warm canopy (chamber) is risen, and remained between 25～30 ℃, was beneficial to seedling and root growth.Can suitably put little wind when warm temperature of shed surpasses 30 ℃, temperature reduced to rise to the peak that the diauxic growth of growth has appearred in 30 ℃ of rice seedlings after 25 ℃ gradually.If, be controlled at temperature in the scope of optimum growth to greatest extent when the higher air port of daily temperature can widen always.Accomplish the thermophilic growth.
If find that seedling growth has exceeded calibrated altitude; Temperature is risen to be controlled at about in the of 38 ℃; To suppress the overground part growth, this decides in the morning that the mid-term and the later-stage utilization of young plants management close the air port afternoon late, stably to go up; Promote underground; Cultivate well developed root system, seedling is stocky, blade is many, basal part of stem is hard rice seedling, avoided high temperature excessive growth, the blue or green phenomenon of doing and burning seedling to take place simultaneously, close the rush hour that can occur photosynthetic high efficiency time and growth behind the air port equally afternoon.
Embodiment 2 seedling cultivation of rice, the omnidistance control of tunica albuginea+temperature.
This seedling cultivation of rice ground covers with common tunica albuginea,, seedling just begins to leak informaton when having all sprouted after, and the process of leaking informaton of windproof process and embodiment 1 identical (A), the rice shoot of before transplanting, cover with the tunica albuginea of contrast, be accustomed to leaking informaton (B) contrasts, and the result is following:
Embodiment 3
Seedling cultivation of rice, with blood orange bluish violet plastic film, morning leaks informaton, and afternoon is closed the air port size, and the control temperature is carried out high temperature and is suppressed seedling growth between 36 ℃～39 ℃, and it is short that how long root has more leaf.
Experimental result is following:
This processing show as white extremely many, coil near the making hole film place at the foundation layer cotton-shaped, just as having got rid of a stone roller, the long 6～7cm of root, this processing height of seedling has reduced simultaneously, and the number of blade is more than contrasting 1～1.5 leaf.
Embodiment 4: seedling cultivation of rice, tunica albuginea covering+low temperature refining seedling
This test is opened film after rising to 15 ℃ by warm temperature of shed before noon and is once dropped to 10 ℃ at oneself seedling of peasant on the ground, carries out secondary photosynthesis and carries out low temperature refining seedling, and leak informaton by peasant habit afternoon, and to compare the result following with contrast:
Embodiment 5: celery temperature in spring canopy is grown seedlings
This test divides the operation of 2 steps, covers blood orange bluish violet film (A), covers white canopy film (B); All in last ten-days period August in autumn in 2006 sowings, in 70 days whole seedling stages, temperature is controlled at the interior temperature of temperature canopy in morning every day when rising to 15 ℃; Open the air port and once be cooled to 10 ℃, rise to naturally after 15 ℃, press the required optimum temperature operation of celery again; Blank canopy leaks informaton by custom, measures before transplanting:
| Test A | Test B | Blank canopy (tunica albuginea+custom is leaked informaton) | |
| Height of seedling | 21.6cm | 18.8cm | 15.2cm |
| True leaf | 9～10 | 8～9 | 7～8 |
It is plump that this celery seedlings is handled blade through the A canopy, and cane is sturdy, and the number of blade is Duoed 2 than blank canopy.Height of seedling is than the high 6.4cm of blank canopy, and B canopy blade is plump, and cane is sturdy, and the number of blade is Duoed 1 than blank canopy, and height of seedling is than the high 3.6cm of blank canopy.Test canopy well developed root system, white root is many, and slow seedling is fast after transplanting.
Embodiment 6: Kidney bean temperature in spring canopy is grown seedlings and is cultivated
This Kidney bean is selected from peasant household and covers booth with tunica albuginea, in late January, 2007 seeding and seedling raising, a part is not added a cover other any covering in addition, a part covers orange red plastic film seedling stage, transplants after the slow seedling to shine with the bluish violet Reflecting curtain in 20 days again.Covered bean seedlings 3～4 true leaves in seedling stage of the plastic film of blood orange, the blade plumpness is unfolded, and look just green stem is sturdy, and internode is short, plant height 16.4cm.And do not add any obducent 2～3 of true leaves that have in addition, and height of seedling 14.8cm, further feature all takes second place.Picking time, meter produced:
| Test | Contrast | |
| Amount to output | 1503.6 kilogram | 1488.8 kilogram |
Claims (5)
1. method of carrying out cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method; It is characterized in that: in cover crop cultivation and grow seedlings the stage; Through crop being applied the light-wave irradiation in blood orange and the royal purple light-wave band; Control crop 10 ℃-15 ℃ of optimum temperature in photosynthesis when finding that seedling growth exceeds calibrated altitude, are controlled warm canopy or greenhouse temperature about in the of 38 ℃.
2. according to the described method of carrying out the cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned cover crop is paddy rice, vegetables, melon and fruit or flowers.
3. described with optical principle and the method that the control temperature method carries out the cover crop cultivation and grows seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:, use its cover crop through producing the colorful film or the glass of the collocation of reddish orange and bluish violet.
4. according to claim 1 or the 2 described methods of carrying out the cover crop cultivation and growing seedlings with optical principle and control temperature method; It is characterized in that: when temperature in warm canopy or the greenhouse surpasses 15 ℃; Open canopy film cooling, make that temperature turns back to 10 ℃ in warm canopy or the greenhouse, rise to 15 ℃ then naturally; To promote photosynthesis, make the more carbohydrate of crop accumulation.
5. described with optical principle and the method that the control temperature method carries out the cover crop cultivation and grows seedlings according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the combination of one or more that the above-mentioned mode that applies light wave is Reflecting curtain, reflector or plastic film.
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| CN200710149487A CN101176408B (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2007-09-13 | Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature |
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| CN200710149487A CN101176408B (en) | 2007-09-13 | 2007-09-13 | Method for covering crop cultivation and raising seedling by optics principle and controlling temperature |
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| CN101176408B true CN101176408B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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| CN112703924A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Water tank floating plate type rice seedling raising device and method |
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