CN101161054A - A cultivate method of calcium fruit - Google Patents
A cultivate method of calcium fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN101161054A CN101161054A CNA2006101137435A CN200610113743A CN101161054A CN 101161054 A CN101161054 A CN 101161054A CN A2006101137435 A CNA2006101137435 A CN A2006101137435A CN 200610113743 A CN200610113743 A CN 200610113743A CN 101161054 A CN101161054 A CN 101161054A
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- mirabalan
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Abstract
A cultivation method of cherry plum ( commonly called gaiguo) includes the following steps: a purply-red hybrid cherry is obtained by hybridizing a female parent of a wild red cherry with a male parent of a wild purple-black cherry using artificial pollination; then, a purple-red cherry is selected after self-crossing for 2 generations. The method directly uses seeds for breeding, so the new characteristics of the purple-red cherry selected is stable and will not be reversed and degraded. In addition, the hybrid fruits are bigger than the wild fruits, and have good taste and high nutritional value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breeding method of rosaceous plant, relate in particular to the breeding method of a kind of rose family mirabalan (being commonly called as the calcium fruit).
Background technology
Calcium really is that fruit was eaten market, fruit seedling market and fruit food and drink market newborn kind of greatest concern raw in recent years., natural health nutritious because of calcium fruit, aromatic flavour, sour and sweet palatability are paid attention to epoch of keeping healthy day by day people, more and more are subjected to people's favor.The calcium fruit both can be eaten raw, can process again, very easily formed industrialization plantation and processing.
At present, calcium fruit on the market is seed selection from wild Europe Lee of rosaceous plant, wheat Lee, strongly fragrant Lee mostly, these plants all belong to undershrub, in 13 provinces in the whole nation and area wild distribution is arranged all, the nutrition of these seed selection kinds is also high, but the value of produce promoting is little because its can not and seed growing, can only the training of employing group, methods such as grafting, cuttage breed, seedling cost height, to promote difficulty big.Plant type is little simultaneously, branch is weak thin, easily lodges in weeds, and management difficulties such as weeding, harvesting are big.
Therefore, researcher of the present invention carries out seed selection from world's endangered plant rose family concentrated wild cherry plum pulp, cultivates the calcium fruit kind that makes new advances.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the breeding method of a kind of rose family mirabalan (be commonly called as calcium fruit), this method is carried out seed selection from world's endangered plant rose family concentrated wild cherry plum pulp, directly adopt seed growing, do not return contrary, do not degenerate good stability.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the breeding method of rose family mirabalan of the present invention (calcium fruit), comprise the steps: to utilize red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp to be female parent, the atropurpureus concentrated wild cherry plum pulp is a male parent, carry out artificial pollination, get aubergine mirabalan crossbreed, selfing 2 generation seed selection becomes aubergine mirabalan (being also referred to as " northern Shandong calcium fruit No. 3 ") continuously again.
Obtain stable aubergine mirabalan thus, also continue to hybridize with above-mentioned red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp as female parent, concrete crossover process is: with red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp is female parent, aubergine mirabalan crossbreed is a male parent, carry out artificial pollination, get yellow mirabalan crossbreed, continuous again selfing 2 generation seed selection yellowly mirabalan (being also referred to as " northern Shandong calcium fruit No. 4 ").
The present invention is in the seed selection process, and female male parent also can adopt the reciprocal cross mode.
Used red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp of the present invention and atropurpureus concentrated wild cherry plum pulp, be the wild mirabalan of the world's endangered plant rose family (former modification) (Prunus divaricata Ldb.f.divaricata), dungarunga, wildly only in the original wild fruit woods in Xinjiang Tianshan western part very differential cloth being arranged, is that the Asia is wildly unique.In " Aug. 1st agricultural college journal " the 3rd phase of publishing September nineteen ninety " newtype of Xinjiang Wild mirabalan " the 79th page on the books, also on the books to mirabalan Prunus cerasifera enuh (Prunsdivaricata Ldb.-P.cerasifera Ehrh.var.divaricata Bailey-P.salicina Lindl.var.typicalNakai) in " Chinese silva " second volume.
In order to make the easier germination of the seed that selects, can select the breeding of resting state, carry out lamination and handle.
The method that described lamination is handled: the container sand of earlier crossbreed being deposited in cool (2～7 ℃) is hidden or the open country trench storage, during described trench storage, 60～80 centimetres of ditch depths, spread the clean moistening river of one deck sand earlier, 5～8 cm thicks are put one deck seed lid layer river sand then, stack multilayer, the superiors cover earth or covering for 10～15 centimetres, and establish a plurality of ventilation holes thereon, and the drain ditch is established in its below.The lamination time is 80～120 days.
River sand humidity to be to hold husky agglomerating and anhydrous oozing, and falls on the ground husky group and can scatter again and be advisable.River sand consumption should be 10～20 times of seed volume.
The lamination later stage will notice checking regulate the damp-warm syndrome degree in the control ditch, how wet the generation gone rotten in order to avoid seed is because of high temperature.When showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally point with germination, seed answers sowing in time the beginning of spring.
Type of seeding has sowing in bed and live two kinds.
Bareroot seedling can be planted in spring, two seasons of autumn.Spring plants, and plants to good before expanding with bud.Autumn plants, the latest before freeze-up.Nutrition pot seedling all can be planted at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji.
The breeding method of calcium of the present invention fruit directly adopts seed growing, do not return contrary, do not degenerate good stability.And the fruit of hybridization gained is bigger than wild particle, and mouthfeel is good, is of high nutritive value.The calcium fruit of adopting breeding method of the present invention to obtain is compared with other calcium fruit kind, has following advantage:
Calcium fruit of the present invention seed selection kind from world's endangered plant rose family concentrated wild cherry plum pulp (Pruns divaricata) does not belong to shrub, but dungarunga.It wildly only in the original wild fruit woods in Xinjiang Tianshan western part, very differential cloth is arranged, be that the Asia is wildly unique.Calcium fruit root of the present invention distributes more shallow, mainly absorbs root and is distributed in 20-400cm under the face of land.The root of horizontal distribution is than the big 1-2 of crown diameter times, and the soil layer barren to the face of land also can adapt to growth.Its leaf: blade is little, the short point of oval, tip, wide the formations circle of base portion, and blade back does not have hair, and leaf margin has serration.Napex tender leaf light red.Its flower: be distributed with 1-5 growing point at a colored tooth, can bloom 1-5, spend in vain or pink blossom, and first flower posterior lobe, flowers blooming like a piece of brocade, very attractive in appearance, its fruit: be drupe, seemingly cherry, be spheroidal, top nick really, suture is shallow or not obvious.Fruit face light, pericarp have Huang, red, purplish red, purple black multiple color.
Original rose family concentrated wild cherry plum pulp can only be grown in Xinjiang Tianshan western part, and fruit is less, mouthfeel acid, by adopting breeding method of the present invention, thus obtained calcium fruit can survive at the Shandong Jiaodong Peninsula, and fruit is big and even, the nutrient component height of fruit, mouthfeel is good.
The calcium that the present invention cultivated really is not only high-grade fruit health fruit tree, and is outstanding environmental seeds.Have outstanding cold-resistant, drought resisting, anti-barren ability, can freeze not deadly at the high and cold area of-45 degree, the arid area drought more than precipitation 400mm is not dead.Be higher than at the very barren area of soil and PH on 8 the salt marsh and also can yield positive results.And well developed root system, intensive netted root system can tightly be bundled together the face of land to the dark soil layer of 30cm, plays the husky effect of fixing of soil and conservation of water protection.Tree vigo(u)r is prosperous, growth is fast, the calcium fruit that 5-6 gives birth to, and the thick 8cm of stem, the height of tree reaches 3m; The output height, full production capacity period every strain calcium fruit over 80 kg, seedling produces at the 3000-5000 kilogram, can drought resisting when having drought simultaneously, the ability of energy water storage in rainy season, ecological value height, be transform barren hills fast in a short time, one of unfertile land and water and soil loss most effectual way.
Calcium fruits of the present invention is big, and single fruit all focuses on more than 8 grams and even, and 15 grams weigh most; Pulp juice is many and skin is crisp, and palatability is strong; Storage endurance, anti-transportation; Outward appearance light, good, the cracking resistance fruit of color and luster; No physiological disease.More than its nutrition, the height of content is better than fruit such as cherry, apricot, Lee, peach.According to the testing identity of agricultural product quality supervision inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture to the calcium fruit, mineral elements such as contained amino acid, natural colouring matter, pectin, flavones, multivitamin and calcium, iron, zinc, selenium all are higher than several times of above-mentioned fruit, even tens times, the every hectogram of contained calcium activated is higher than 12 percentage points of other calcium fruit kinds up to 57.4mg.Contained zinc is 8.84mg/kg, is 8 times of other calcium fruit kinds.The content of iron is 24.6mg/kg.As eating fruit raw, its fruity deliciousness, sour and sweet palatability is rich in biotype calcium activated, iron, zinc, easily absorbs, the availability height, and the absorption ratio of calcium activated is up to more than 80%.As fruit processing, its sour matter is good especially, the natural concentrated fruit pulp of processing not only can with the compound flavour that is significantly increased fruit-vegetable juice beverage of various Juices, and do not influence the aromatic odor of fruit juice own at all.Also can directly be processed into calcium fruit juice, calcium fruit wine, calcium jam, calcium fruit can, calcium fruit preserved fruit etc.Also contain rich in amino acid in the calcium fruit human body is had obvious health care effect, long-term eating can make cholesterol level obviously reduce, natural colouring matter has softening blood vessel, keeps the normal saturating property of capillary, has the function of beauty treatment, often edible calcium fruit and calcium fruit converted products have the natural iron zinc of replenishing the calcium, appetite-stimulating indigestion-relieving, protect the liver invigorating the spleen, the relieving summer-heat of sobering up, lipopenicillinase beauty treatment and the edible health that improves immune function of human body are worth.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
To carry out safe isolation as red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp and atropurpureus concentrated wild cherry plum pulp maternal, male parent earlier, the garden has only single variety around guaranteeing.
Then the mother in flowering stage, male parent are hybridized, red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp is maternal, and the atropurpureus concentrated wild cherry plum pulp is a male parent, artificial emasculation, pollination, the maternal castration is the key link of production of hybrid seeds work, be the necessary means that obtains pure hybrid seed, the present invention can adopt the conventional means of this area.
Fruit tree after the hybridization is born the aubergine fruit, and fruit is obviously big than wild fruit, and fruit is dense, and mouthfeel is good.Behind the fruit maturation, select the aubergine mirabalan seed that fruit is big and mouthfeel is good, carry out the airing keeping.
To hybridize the aubergine mirabalan seed plantation that obtains then, the 2-3 annual bearing, selfing 2 generation seed selection becomes good stability continuously, do not return contrary, the aubergine concentrated wild cherry plum pulp of not degenerating (northern Shandong calcium fruit No. 3).
This aubergine mirabalan also can be adopted said method, hybridizes with red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp again, obtains yellow mirabalan crossbreed.
Yellow mirabalan seed is planted, and the 2-3 annual bearing continuously 2 generations of selfing, also can select good stability, do not return contrary, the yellow concentrated wild cherry plum pulp of not degenerating (northern Shandong calcium fruit No. 4).
Through technical staff's experiment, to carry out reciprocal cross also passable for female male parent in this selection, do not influence the quality of crossbreed.
Embodiment 2
The aubergine calcium seed really that selects is planted.Select the breeding of resting state, as sow in spring and to carry out the lamination processing, do not need lamination to handle after the autumn sowing.
The method that lamination is handled: can be placed in the container and hide or the open country trench storage at the indoor sand that cools.Ditching will select physical features higher, well-drained lee side, and 80 centimetres of ditch depths, the size of ditch is decided according to the amount of reserving seed for planting.During earthing of seeds, container or the clean moistening river of one deck, bottom of trench choosing shop sand, about 5 cm thicks, put one deck seed lid layer river sand then, stack multilayer, the superiors will reserve 10 centimetres and stack river sand, cover earth or covering, Ha Noi will insert one at a certain distance straw, is beneficial to ventilation.Want drainage trenching around the Zang Gou.The lamination temperature keeps 4 ± 2 ℃, and river sand temperature to be to hold husky agglomerating and anhydrous oozing, and falls on the ground husky group and can scatter again and be advisable.River sand consumption should be 20 times of seed volume.The lamination time is 100 days.The lamination later stage will notice checking regulate the damp-warm syndrome degree in the control ditch, how wet the generation gone rotten in order to avoid seed is because of high temperature.When showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally point with germination, seed answers sowing in time the beginning of spring.Type of seeding has sowing in bed and live two kinds.
Bareroot seedling can be planted in spring, two seasons of autumn.Spring plants, and plants to good before expanding with bud.Autumn plants, the latest before freeze-up.Nutrition pot seedling all can be planted at spring, summer, Qiu Sanji.
Embodiment 3
The earthing of seeds method is with embodiment 2, and different is, during trench storage, and 60 centimetres of ditch depths, the lamination temperature keeps 5 ± 2 ℃, and river sand consumption should be 10 times of seed volume.The lamination time is 120 days.
Embodiment 4
The earthing of seeds method is with embodiment 2, and different is, during trench storage, and 70 centimetres of ditch depths, the lamination temperature keeps 3 ± 1 ℃, and river sand consumption should be 15 times of seed volume.The lamination time is 80 days.
Though above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the breeding method of a calcium fruit is characterized in that comprising the steps: to utilize red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp to be female parent, and the atropurpureus concentrated wild cherry plum pulp is a male parent, carries out artificial pollination, gets aubergine mirabalan crossbreed, and selfing 2 generation seed selection becomes the aubergine mirabalan continuously again.
2. according to the described calcium of claim 1 breeding method really, it is characterized in that also comprising the steps: that with red concentrated wild cherry plum pulp be female parent, is male parent with described aubergine mirabalan crossbreed, carries out artificial pollination, get yellow mirabalan crossbreed, continuous again selfing 2 generation seed selection yellowly mirabalan.
3. according to the breeding method of claim 1 or 2 described calcium fruits, it is characterized in that in described aubergine mirabalan or the yellow mirabalan cultivating process, adopt the reciprocal cross mode.
4. according to the breeding method of any described calcium fruit among the claim 1-3, when it is characterized in that cultivating, seed carries out lamination earlier to be handled.
5. according to the described calcium of claim 4 breeding method really, it is characterized in that described lamination is treated to: seeds is hidden or the open country trench storage of 60～80 centimetres of ditch depths in 2～7 ℃ container sand, spread the clean moistening river of one deck sand earlier, 5～8 cm thicks are put one deck seed lid layer river sand then, stack multilayer, cover earth or covering apart from the superiors' 10～15 centimeters, and establish a plurality of ventilation holes thereon, and the drain ditch is established in its below, and the lamination time is 80～120 days.
6. according to the breeding method of the described calcium fruit of claim 5, it is characterized in that river sand consumption is 10～20 times of seed volume.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2006101137435A CN101161054A (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | A cultivate method of calcium fruit |
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| CNA2006101137435A CN101161054A (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2006-10-13 | A cultivate method of calcium fruit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039356A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-17 | 通化师范学院 | Year-round strawberry hybridizing and breeding method |
| CN109328699A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 云南格桑花卉有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district |
-
2006
- 2006-10-13 CN CNA2006101137435A patent/CN101161054A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103039356A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-04-17 | 通化师范学院 | Year-round strawberry hybridizing and breeding method |
| CN109328699A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-15 | 云南格桑花卉有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet cherry method for culturing seedlings of High aititude cold district |
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Open date: 20080416 |