CN101158267B - 用于从地面通到地下矿层的方法和系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
用于从地面通到地下矿层的改进的方法和系统,该方法和系统基本消除或减少了现有系统和方法相关的缺点和问题。尤其,本发明提供了带有一排放图形的一联接的井,该联接的井与一水平空腔井相交。该排放图形提供了从地面至较大地层的通路,而竖直空腔井允许有效地取出和/或生产夹带的水、碳氢化合物、及其他矿藏。
Description
本申请是第200510096639.5号发明专利申请的分案申请,该申请是2001年7月20日提交的专利申请号为99815570.5的、题为“用于从地面通到地下矿层的方法和系统”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及地下矿层的开采,更具体地涉及用于从地面通到地下矿层的方法和系统。
背景技术
许多年来,发现了含有大量夹带的甲烷气体的煤的地下矿层,这些煤的地下矿层局限于从煤层中得到甲烷气体的生产中。但是,大量的问题阻碍了更广泛的开发和使用储存在煤层中的甲烷气体。从煤层中得到甲烷气体的首要问题是在煤层可能延伸至几千英亩的较大区域时,煤层在深度上相当浅,从几英寸到几米变化。因此,尽管煤层常常相当通到地面,但钻入到煤层中用于获得甲烷气体的竖直井仅能引流围绕煤层的相当小的半径范围。另外,对于经常用来从岩层中增加甲烷气体产量的压裂和其他方法,煤层是不可修复的。其结果是,一旦生产从煤层中的竖直井可容易排放出的气体,进一步的生产在容量上就受到了限制。此外,煤层经常与地下水相关,为生产甲烷必须从煤层中排放地下水。
已尝试水平钻井图形用来延伸暴露于用于引出气体的钻孔的煤层的数量。但是,这样的水平钻井技术需要使用一圆弧形的(radiused)井眼,该井眼难以从煤层中去除夹带的水。从地下井中抽取水的最有效的方法-抽吸杆泵在水平的或圆弧形的井眼中不能很好地工作。
关于地面生产来自煤层中的气体的另一问题是由于煤层的多孔性造成的欠平衡钻井状态所引起的困难。在竖直的和水平的地面钻井操作中,利用钻井流体将钻屑从井眼移送到地面。钻井流体在岩层上施加一流体静压,如果它超过岩层所能承受的流体静压,这将致使钻井流体丧失到岩层中。这使得所夹带的细小岩屑进入到岩层中,从而易于阻塞产生气体所需的孔、裂缝和裂痕。
地面生产来自煤层的甲烷气体的这些困难的结果,在开采之前必须从煤层中排除的甲烷气体已通过使用地下方法从煤层中排除。尽管使用地下方法可从煤层中容易地去除水并消除欠平衡钻井状况,但它们仅能够通过当前的开采操作通到暴露的有限量的煤层。例如,在进行长壁开采时,地下钻井设备用来钻削从正在被开采的面进入到而后将被开采的相邻面的水平孔。地下钻井设备的局限限制了这些水平孔的到达范围,由此限制了能够有效排放的区域。此外,下一个面的脱气在当前面的开采中限制了脱气时间。其结果是,必须钻削许多水平孔以在有限的时期内去除气体。另外,在较高的气体含量或气体通过煤层较多迁移的情况下,需要中止或延迟开采,直到下一个面能够被充分地脱气。这些生产上的延迟增加了与使煤层脱气相关的成本。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于从地面通到地下矿层的一改进的方法和系统,该方法或系统基本消除或减少了与现有系统和方法相关的缺点和问题。具体讲,本发明提供了带有与一水平空腔井相交的排放图形的一联接的井(articulated well)。该排放图形提供了从地面到较大地下区域的通路,同时竖直空腔井允许有效地取出和/或生产夹带的水、碳氢化合物及其它矿藏。
按照本发明的一个实施例,用于从地面通到地层的一方法包括从地面到该地层钻削出一基本竖直的井。从地面到该地层钻削出一联接的井。该联接的井在地面处水平偏离基本竖直的井,并在邻近地层的汇合处贯穿该基本竖直的井。通过联接的井钻削从汇合处进入到地层中的一基本水平的排放图形。
按照本发明的另一方面,该基本水平的排放图形可以包括一羽状图形,该羽状图形具有从该基本竖直的井延伸的、界定被该排放图形覆盖的一区域的第一端至该区域的一远端的一基本水平的对角井眼。第一组基本水平的边侧井眼彼此间隔开地在该对角井眼的第一侧上从该对角井眼延伸至位于该区域的周边。第二组基本水平的边侧井眼彼此间隔开地在该对角井眼的相对的第二侧上从该对角井眼延伸至该区域的周边。
按照本发明的另一方面,用于对一地层进行、以进行开采的一方法使用了基本竖直的井和联接的井以及该排放图形。水通过该排放图形从地层排放到基本竖直井的汇合处。通过该基本竖直的井将水从汇合处泵送到地面。通过基本竖直的井和联接的井中的至少一个从该地层生产气体。在完成脱气之后,通过该排放图形将水和其他添加剂注入到地层中来对该地层进行。
按照本发明的另一方面,设置一泵定位装置,以将一井下泵精确地定位在井眼的空腔中。
本发明的技术优点包括提供用于从地面通到地下矿层的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲,从一联接的地面井眼在目标层中钻削一水平排放图形,以提供从地面到该地层的通路。通过杆式泵单元可有效地取出和/或生产从该地层通过被竖直空腔井眼贯穿的该排放图形排出的夹带的水、碳氢化合物、及其他流体。因此,在地面处从低压或低孔隙度的岩层中可有效地生产气体、油、及其他流体。
本发明的另一技术优点是包括提供了用于钻削进入低压储层中的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲,使用一井下泵或气体上升来减轻钻井操作中用来取出钻屑的钻井流体所施加的流体静压。因此,可在超低压的情况下钻削该储层,而不会使钻井流体丧失到岩层中并阻塞该岩层。
本发明的另一技术优点包括提供用于通到地层的一改进的水平排放图形。具体讲,具有一主对角线和相对的诸侧线的一羽状结构可用来使从单个竖直井到一地层的通路最大化。诸边侧线的长度在最接近竖直井的地方最大并向着主对角井眼的端部缩短,以提供对一四边形或其他格子区域的均匀的通路。这允许该排放图形与长壁面和其他地下结构对齐,以使矿道煤层或其他矿层脱气。
本发明另一技术优点包括提供用于对煤层或其他地下矿层进行人工作以进行开采的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲,地面井眼用来在开采操作之前使煤层脱气。这减少了地下设备和操作,并增加了用于煤层脱气的时间,这使得由于较高气体含量所导致的停工最少。此外,水和其他添加剂可在开采操作之前泵送到脱气的煤层中,以使灰尘和其他有害状况最小化,以改进采矿工艺的效率,并改进煤产品的质量。
本发明的另一技术优点包括提供从矿道煤层中生产甲烷气体的一改进的方法和系统。具体讲,在开采操作之前最初用来使煤层脱气的井眼可在开采操作之后再次用来收集来自煤层的大量气体(gob gas)。因此,与大量气体的收集相关的成本被最小化,以便于从已开采的煤层中收集大量气体或变得可行。
本发明的另一技术优点是包括提供用于在空腔中自动定位井下泵和其他设备的一定位装置。具体讲,一可转动的空腔定位装置被构制成可以缩回,以在井眼中移动并可在井下空腔中延伸以将该设备最佳地定位在空腔中。这使得能够将井下设备容易地定位和固定在空腔中。
从以下的附图、描述和权利要求书中,本发明的其他技术优点对于本领域的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。
附图说明
为了更完全地理解本发明及其优点,现参见以下结合附图的描述,其中相同的标号表示相同的部分,在附图中:
图1是示出按照本发明的一个实施例通过贯穿一竖直空腔井眼的一联接的地面井眼在一地层中形成一水平排放图形的剖视图;
图2是示出按照本发明的另一实施例通过贯穿该竖直空腔井眼的该联接的地面井眼在该地层中形成水平排放图形的剖视图;
图3是示出按照本发明的一个实施例通过一竖直井孔从一地层中的水平排放图形产生流体的剖视图;
图4是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于通到地层中的矿层的一羽状排放图形的俯视图;
图5是示出按照本发明的另一实施例用于通到一地层中的矿层的一羽状排放图形的俯视图;
图6是示出按照本发明的又一实施例用于通到一地层中的矿层的一四边形的羽状排放图形的俯视图;
图7是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于脱气和对煤层进行工作以进行开采操作的位于煤层的面中的对齐诸羽状排放图形的俯视图;
图8是示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于对煤层进行工作以进行开采操作的一方法的流程图;
图9A-C是示出按照本发明的一个实施例的一空腔井眼定位工具的剖视图
具体实施方式
图1示出按照本发明的一个实施例、用于从地面通到一地下区域的一个空腔和联接的井的结合。在该实施例中,该地层是煤层。应当理解到,使用本发明的双井系统可以相似地通到其他低压、超低压和低孔隙度的地层,以在该区域中取出以及/或生产水、碳氢化合物和其他流体,并在开采操作之前处理该区域中的矿物。
参见图1,一基本竖直的井12从地面14延伸至目标煤层15。该基本竖直的井12相交穿过煤层15并在煤层15之下继续延伸。使用终止在煤层15的高度或该高度之上的合适的井筒16对该基本竖直的井加衬套。
该基本竖直的井12在钻井的过程中或之后进行测井以精确地定位煤层15的竖直深度。因此,在随后的钻井操作中不会错过该煤层,并且在钻井时不必采用用来定位煤层15的技术。在该基本竖直的井12中的煤层15的高度处形成一扩大直径的空腔20。如以下的更详尽的描述,该扩大直径的空腔20提供了基本竖直的井与用来在煤层15中形成基本水平的排放图形的联接的井相交的汇合处。该扩大直径的空腔20还提供了在生产操作过程中用于从煤层15中排出的流体的一收集位置。
在一个实施例中,该扩大直径的空腔20具有大约八英尺的半径和等于或超过煤层15的竖直尺寸的一竖直尺寸。该扩大直径的空腔20是通过使用适当的地下扩孔(under-reaming)技术和设备来形成的。基本竖直的井12的一竖直部分在扩大直径的空腔20之下继续延伸以形成用于空腔20的一储液池22
一联接的井30从地面14延伸至基本竖直的井12的扩大直径的空腔20。该联接的井30具有一基本竖直的部分32、一基本水平的部分34、以及互连竖直和水平部分32和34的一弯曲或呈圆弧的部分36。水平部分34基本处在煤层15的水平平面中,并与基本竖直的井12的扩大直径的空腔20相交。
在地面14上,该联接的井30偏离基本竖直的井12足够的距离,以在与扩大直径的空腔20相交之前允许钻出较大半径弯曲的部分36和任何所需的水平部分34。为了提供具有100-150英尺半径的弯曲部分36,该联接的井30偏离基本竖直的井12大约300英尺的距离。该间距使得弯曲部分36的角度最小以在钻井操作中减小井30中的摩擦。从而通过联接的井30钻孔的联接的钻柱可达到的距离最大。
使用具有适当的井下电动机和钻头42的铰接的钻具组40来钻出联接的井30。钻井时的测量(MWD)装置44包含在钻具组40中,用于控制由电动机和钻头42所钻出的井的方位和方向。使用适当的井筒38为联接的井30的基本竖直的部分32的加衬套。
在扩大直径的空腔20已被联接的井30顺利贯穿之后,使用铰接的钻具组40和合适的水平钻井装置继续钻孔通过空腔20,以提供位于煤层15中的基本水平的排放图形50。该基本水平的排放图形50和其他的这些井包括煤层15或其他地层的斜坡、起伏形部分或其他倾斜部分。在该操作过程中,γ射线测井工具和钻削时的传统测量装置可用来控制和指引钻头的方位,以将排放图形50保持在煤层15的边界中并提供煤层15中的所需区域的基本均匀的覆盖层。后面将结合附图4-7更详尽地描述有关排放图形的其他信息。
在钻出排放图形50的过程中,钻井液或“泥浆”沿着联接的钻具组40向下被泵送、并在钻头42的邻近处流出钻具组40被循环,在此它被用来冲洗地层并运走地层的钻屑。而后钻屑被夹带在钻井液中,该液体通过钻具组40和井壁之间的环形空间向上循环,直到到达地面14,在此从钻井液中去除钻屑,而后重新循环该液体。该传统的钻井操作产生了具有等于井30的深度的一竖直高度的钻井液的标准柱并产生了对应于井深、作用在井孔上的流体静压。因为煤层趋于是多孔的和碎裂的,即使地层中的水也处在煤层15中,它们也不能承受这样的流体静压。因此,如果允许全部的流体静压作用在煤层15上,其结果是钻井液和所夹带的钻屑丧失到地层中。这样的环境被称之为“过平衡”钻井操作,其中作用在井身上的流体静压超过了地层所承受压力的能力。进入地层的钻屑中的钻井液的丧失不仅在必须弥补所丧失的钻井液方面是昂贵的,而且它趋于阻塞煤层15中的孔,这些孔对于排出煤层中的气体和水是需要的。
为了防止在排放图形50的形成过程中的过平衡钻井状态,设置空气压缩机60以沿着基本竖直的井12循环压缩空气,并通过联接的井30返回。循环的空气将与围绕联接的钻具组40的环形空间中的钻井液相混合,并在整个钻井液的液柱中产生气泡。这具有减轻钻井液的流体静压和充分减小井下压力的效果,由此钻井状况不会变得过平衡。钻井液的通风使井下压力减小到大约150-200磅/平方英寸(psi)的压力。因此,可以钻削低压的煤层和其他地层,而不会大量丧失钻井液以及由于钻井液而造成该区域的污染。
当钻削联接的井30时,并且如果需要,当钻削排放图形50时,压缩空气与水相混合的泡沫也可以通过联接的钻具组40与钻井泥浆一起向下循环,以使环形空间中的钻井液充气。使用气锤钻头或气动的井下电动机的排放圆形的钻孔也能够将压缩空气或泡沫供给到钻井液中。在该情况下,用来给钻头或井下电动机供能的压缩空气或泡沫从钻头42的邻近处流出。此时,沿基本竖直的井12能够循环的更大量的空气比通常通过联接的钻具组40可能供给的空气给钻井液充入更多的空气。
图2示出按照本发明的另一实施例用于在煤层15中钻削排放图形50的方法和系统。在该实施例中,如同前面结合图1进行的描述一样来定位和形成基本竖直的井12、扩大直径的空腔20和联接的井30。
参见图2,在扩大直径的空腔20被联接的井30贯穿之后,泵52被安装在扩大直径的空腔20中,以通过基本竖直的井12将钻井液和钻屑泵送到地面14。这消除了空气和流体沿联接的井30向上返回时的摩擦,并将井下压力几乎减小至零。因此,可从地面通到具有低于150psi的超低压的煤层和其他地层。此外,还消除了使井中的空气和甲烷相混合的危险。
图3示出按照本发明的一个实施例从煤层15中的水平排放图形50来生产流体。在该实施例中,在基本竖直和联接的井12和30、以及所需的排放图形50被钻出之后,将联接的钻具组40从联接的井30中取出,并盖上该联接的井。对于以下描述的多重羽状结构,联接的井30可在基本水平的部分34中被堵塞。另外,联接的井30也可以不被堵塞。
参见图3,一井下泵80被设置在基本竖直的井12中、在扩大直径的空腔20中。该扩大的空腔20给积聚的流体提供蓄液池,从而允许间歇的泵送,而没有由井中的积聚流体所导致的流体静压头的不利效果。
井下泵80借助于管柱82连接于地面14并由通过管道的井孔12向下延伸的泵送抽吸杆84供能。泵送抽吸杆84通过适当的地面安装的装置例如一动力传动的摇梁86作往复运动以操作井下泵80。井下泵80被用来从煤层15中通过排放图形50排出水和所夹带的煤粉。一旦水被排至地面,对水进行处理,以分离溶解在水中的甲烷,并除去所夹带的煤粉。在足够多的水已从煤层中被排出之后,纯净的煤层气体可通过围绕管柱82的基本竖直的井12的环形空间流动至地面14,并通过连接于井口装置的管道系统被移送。在地面处,处理、压缩并通过管道泵送甲烷,以传统方式用作燃料。该井下泵80可持续工作或按照需要工作以泵送从煤层15排放到扩大直径的空腔20中的水。
图4-7示出按照本发明的一个实施例用于通到煤层15或其他地层的基本水平的排放图形50。在该实施例中,该排放图形包括具有一中心对角线并带有从该对角线的每一侧延伸的基本对称设置并适当间隔开的支线的羽状图形。该羽状图形与叶脉的图形或羽毛的图案近似,其中它具有设置在基本相等的和平行的间距或一轴线的相对侧中的相似的基本平行的辅助排放孔。带有中心孔和位于每一侧的基本对称设置并适当间隔开的辅助排放孔的该羽状排放图形提供了从煤层或其他地下地层排出流体的具有的图形。如以下更详尽的描述那样,该羽状图形提供了正方形、其他四边形、或栅格区域的基本均匀的覆盖范围,并可与对煤层15进行准备工作用于进行开采操作的长壁开采面对齐。应理解到,按照本发明也可以使用其他合适的排放图形。
从地面钻削出的该羽状和其他合适的排放图形提供了地面至地下地层的通路。该排放图形可用来均匀地排除和/或引入流体或者对地下矿层的其它处理。在不是煤的应用场合,该排放图形可用来最初的就地燃烧、用于重质原油的“吹-喷”蒸汽操作、以及从低孔隙度的蓄层中排出碳氢化合物。
图4示出按照本发明的一个实施例的一羽状排放图形100。在该实施例中,该羽状排放图形100提供了至一地层的基本方形区域102的通路。多个羽状图形50可一起使用以提供至较大地层的均匀通路。
参见图4,扩大直径的空腔20界定了区域102的第一角部。羽状图形100具有沿对角线延伸通过区域102至区域102的远角106的一基本水平的主井眼104。较佳地,将基本竖直和联接的井12和30定位在区域102之上,以致对角的井眼104被钻削成沿着煤层15的斜坡向上。这将便于从区域102收集水和气体。对角的井眼104是使用联接的钻具组40钻削出的,并从与联接的井30对齐的扩大的空腔20处延伸。
多个边侧井眼110从对角井眼104的相对侧延伸至区域102的周边112。诸边侧井眼110可以是在对角井眼104的相对侧上的彼此镜像对称,或者沿着对角井眼104彼此相互偏离。每个边侧井眼110具有离开对角井眼104的一半径弯曲部分114和弯曲部分114已到达所需方位之后形成的一延长部分116。为了均匀地覆盖方形区域102,成对的边侧井眼110基本均匀地分布在对角井眼104的每一侧上,并以大约45度的角度从对角线104延伸。边侧井眼110随着逐渐远离扩大直径的空腔20缩短其长度以便于钻削边侧井眼110。
使用单个对角井眼104和五对边侧井眼110的羽状排放图形100可对大约150英亩的煤层区域进行排放。在较小的区域需要排放的情况下,或者例如细长的狭窄形状或者由于地面或地下的地形煤层具有不同的形状的场合,通过改变边侧井眼110相对于对角井眼104的角度以及边侧井眼110的方位,可以应用其他的羽状排放图形。另外,可以仅在对角井眼104的一侧钻削边侧井眼110,以形成半个羽状图形。
通过使用联接的钻具组40和合适的水平钻井装置钻削通过扩大直径的空腔20来形成对角井眼104和边侧井眼110。在该操作过程中,γ射线测井工具和钻削时的传统测量技术可用来控制钻头的方向和方位,以将排放图形保持在煤层15的边界中,并保持对角和边侧井眼104和110的适当间距和方位。
在具体的实施例中,对角井眼104在各个边侧分离点108处被钻削有一倾斜度。在完成对角井眼104之后,联接的钻具组返回至各顺序的每个边侧点108,从该点在对角井眼104的每个边侧上钻削一边侧井眼110。应理解到,按照本发明也可以另外的方式适当地形成羽状排放图形100。
图5示出按照本发明的另一实施例的一羽状排放图形120。在该实施例中,羽状排放图形120对煤层15的基本矩形区域122进行排放。羽状排放图形120具有如同与图4的对角和边侧井眼104和110相结合所述的那样形成的一主对角井眼124和多个边侧井眼126。然而,对于基本矩形的区域122,位于对角井眼124的第一侧上的边侧井眼126具有一较小的角度,同时位于对角井眼124的相对侧上的边侧井眼126具有一较陡的角度,以一起提供区域12的均匀的覆盖。
图6示出按照本发明的另一实施例的一四边形的羽状排放图形140。该四边形的排放图形140具有四个不连续的羽状排放图形100,每个排放图形100对羽状排放图形140所覆盖的区域142的四分之一部分进行排放。
每个羽状排放图形100具有一对角井眼104和从对角井眼104延伸的多个边侧井眼110。在该四边形的实施例中,每一对角和边侧井眼104和110是从共同的联接的井141钻削出的。这允许地面生产设备的较紧密的间距、排放图形的更广的覆盖范围、以及减少钻井设备和操作。
图7示出了按照本发明的一个实施例用于煤层的脱气和准备以进行开采操作的羽状排放图形100与煤层的地下结构的对齐。在该实施例中,使用长壁工艺开采煤层15。应理解到,对于其他类型的开采操作,本发明也可用来使煤层脱气。
参见图7,诸煤层面150从长壁152沿纵向延伸。按照长壁开采的实践,每个面150从远端向着长壁152被连续开采,在开采过程之后,矿顶允许下陷和断裂成开口。在面150的开采之前,羽状排放图形100从地面钻削到面150中,以在开采操作之前使煤层面150很好脱气。每个羽状排放图形100与长壁152和面150的格子对齐并覆盖一个或多个面150的部分。以此方式,依据地下结构和限制情况,可从地面使矿层的一个区域脱气。
图8是按照本发明的一个实施例对煤层15进行工作以进行开采操作的一方法的流程图。在该实施例中,该方法以步骤160开始,在此确定需要排放的诸区域和用于诸区域的排放图形50。较佳地,诸区域与用于该地层的开采平面的格子对齐。羽状结构100,120和140可用来提供该地层的最优的覆盖范围。应理解到,其他合适的图形也可用来使煤层15脱气。
进行到步骤162,从地面14钻削基本竖直的井12穿过煤层15。下一步,在步骤164,利用井下测井装置来精确地确定基本竖直的井12中的煤层的位置。在步骤166,在基本竖直的井12中、煤层15的位置处形成扩大直径的空腔22。如前面的讨论,扩大直径的空腔20可通过地下扩孔和其他传统技术来形成。
下一步,在步骤168,钻削联接的井30以贯穿扩大直径的空腔22。在步骤170,通过联接的井30钻削用于羽状排放图形100的主对角井眼104而进入到煤层15中。在形成主对角井眼104之后,在步骤172钻削用于羽状排放图形100的边侧井眼110。如前面的描述,在对角井眼104中在其成型过程中可以形成诸边侧分离点,以便于钻削边侧井眼110。
在步骤174,联接的井30被盖住。下一步,在步骤176,扩大的对角空腔22在准备工作中被清空以安装井下生产设备。扩大直径的空腔22可通过沿基本竖直的井12向下泵送的压缩空气或其他适当的技术被清空。在步骤178,将生产设备安装在基本竖直的井12中。该生产设备具有向下延伸进入到空腔22中以从煤层15中排除水的一吸杆式泵。水的去除将降低煤层的压力,并允许甲烷气体扩散,并扩散在基本竖直井12的环形空间中。
进行到步骤180,从排放图形100排入到空腔22中的水通过杆式泵送单元被泵送到地面。按照需要,持续地或间歇地泵送水,以从空腔22中将它抽走。在步骤182,从煤层15中扩散出的甲烷气体在地面14被持续地收集。下一步,在判断性步骤184,确定来自煤层15的气体的生产是否完成。在一个实施例中,在收集气体的成本超过井所产生的收益之后,可以完成气体的生产。在另一实施例中,可以从井中连续地生产气体,直到煤层15中保留的气体程度低于开采操作所需的程度。如果气体的生产未完成,判断性步骤184的否是分支路线返回至步骤180和182,在此继续从煤层15中除去水和气体。一旦生产完成,判断性步骤184的是分支路线引导至步骤186,在该步骤拆去生产设备。
下一步,在判断性步骤188,确定为了开采操作是否需要进一步对煤层15进行准备工作。如果煤层15需要进一步准备以进行开采操作,判断性步骤188的是是分支路线将引导至步骤190,在该步骤,为了使灰尘最小化,水和其他添加剂被注入到煤层15中以再水合煤层,以改进开采效率,并改进开采出的产品。
步骤190和步骤188的否是分支路线将引导至步骤192,在该步骤开采煤层15。在开采过程之后,从煤层中取出煤致使开采的顶部下陷和断裂成开口。在步骤194,坍塌的顶部产生通过基本竖直的井12可以被收集的大量气体。因此,不需要其他的钻井操作以从开采的煤层中回收大量气体。步骤194引导至该过程的结束,通过该过程从地面有效地使煤层脱气。该方法提供了与开采的一协同关系以在开采之前除去不想要的气体,并在开采过程之前再水合煤矿。
图9A至9C是示出按照本发明的一个实施例配置井内空腔泵200的视图。参见图9A,井内空腔泵200包括一井眼部分202和一空腔定位装置204。井眼部分202包括用于将容纳在空腔20中的井内流体汲取和传送至竖直井12的地面的一入口206。
在该实施例中,空腔定位装置204可转动地连接在井眼部分202上,以提供空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如,一销钉、轴或其他适当的方法或装置(未明确示出)可用来将空腔定位装置204可转动地连接在井眼部分202上,以提供空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202围绕轴线208的枢转运动。因此,空腔定位装置204可在其一端210和一端212之间连接于井眼部分202,以致相对井眼部分202能够可转动地操纵端部210和212。
空腔定位装置204还包括一均衡部分214,以在通常未被支承的状态下控制端部210和212相对井眼部分202的位置。例如,空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202围绕轴线208基本悬伸。均衡部分214沿空腔定位装置204设置在轴线218和端部210之间,由此在井内空腔泵200相对竖直井12和空腔20的配置和取回过程中,均衡部分204的重量或质量均衡空腔定位装置204。
在操作中,空腔定位装置204被设置到竖直井12中,其端部210和均衡部分214被定位在基本缩回状态,由此将端部210和均衡部分214设置成靠近井眼部分202。当井内空腔泵200沿箭头216所示的方向在竖直井12中向下移动时,空腔定位装置204的长度通常将防止自身相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如,当井内空腔泵200在竖直井12中向下移动时,均衡部分214的质量致使均衡部分214和端部212通过与竖直井12的竖直壁218的接触而被支承住。
参见图9B,当井内空腔泵200在竖直井12中向下移动时,在空腔定位装置204从竖直井12移动至空腔20时,均衡部分214导致空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动或枢转运动。例如,当空腔定位装置204从竖直井12移动至空腔20中时,均衡部分214和端部212变得总体上不再被竖直井12的竖直壁218支承。当均衡部分214和端部212变得总体上不被支承时,均衡部分214自动地导致空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202的转动运动。例如,均衡部分214通常致使端部210转动或相对竖直井12沿箭头220所指的方向向外延伸。此外,空腔定位装置204的端部212相对竖直井12沿箭头222所指的方向向外延伸或转动。
空腔定位装置204的长度被构制成当其从竖直井12转移到空腔20中时,使其端部210和212变得总体上不再被竖直井12支承,由此允许均衡部分214使端部212相对井眼部分202向外并在储液池22的环面部分224之上作转动运动。因此,在操作中,当空腔定位装置204从竖直井12转移到空腔20中时,均衡部分214使端部212沿箭头222所指的方向向外转动或延伸,由此井内空腔泵200的继续的向下移动将引起端部212与空腔20的水平壁226的接触。
参见图9C,当井内空腔泵200继续向下移动时,端部212与空腔20的水平壁226的接触致使空腔定位装置204相对井眼部分202的进一步的转动。例如,与井内空腔泵200的向下移动相结合的端部212和水平壁226之间的接触致使端部210沿箭头228所指的方向相对竖直井12向外延伸或转动,直到均衡部分214接触空腔20的水平壁230。一旦空腔定位装置204的均衡部分214和端部212变得被空腔20的水平壁226和230总体上支承住,井内空腔泵200的继续的向下移动基本上被阻止,由此将入口206定位在空腔20中的预定位置。
因此,入口206可沿着井眼部分202定位在许多位置,以致空腔定位装置204在空腔20中降至最低点时,入口206被设置在空腔20中的预定位置。因此,入口206可精确地定位在空腔20中以基本防止吸入在储液池或鼠洞22中的碎屑或其他材料,并防止由于入口206被放置在狭窄的井眼中所造成的气体干扰。此外,入口206可定位在空腔20中以使从空腔20中抽取的流体最大化
在逆向的操作中,井内空腔泵200的向上移动致使释放均衡部分214和端部212分别与水平部分230和226之间的接触。当空腔定位装置204变得总体上不再被支承在空腔20中时,设置在端部212和轴线208之间的空腔定位装置204的质量通常将致使空腔定位装置204沿与图9B示出的箭头220和222所指的方向相反的方向转动。此外,均衡部分214与设置在端部212和轴线208之间的空腔定位装置204的质量相协作以基本对齐空腔定位装置204和竖直井12。因此,当从空腔20中取出井内空腔泵200时,空腔定位装置204自动地变得与竖直井12对齐。而后井内空腔泵200的进一步的向上移动可用来从空腔20和竖直井12中取出空腔定位装置204。
因此,通过将井内空腔泵200的入口206确定地定位在空腔20中的预定位置,本发明比现有的系统和方法提供了更大的可靠性。此外,可有效地从空腔20中取出井内空腔泵200,而不需要其他解锁或对齐工具,以便于从空腔20和竖直井12中取出井内空腔泵200。
尽管已通过几个实施例描述了本发明,但本领域中的技术人员可进行各种变化和改型。本发明涵盖了处于所附权利要求书的范围内的此类变化和改型。
Claims (21)
1.一种用于在煤层中钻削一钻井的方法,包括:
将含有液体的钻井液向下泵送到一钻头,以便在煤层中钻削一小段井眼;以及
通过利用空气压缩机、井下泵或者气体上升来减轻所述井眼内钻井液的流体静压来减小由钻井液所施加的井下压力。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,减小由钻井液所施加的井下压力包括给所述钻井液充气。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,减小由钻井液所施加的井下压力包括使压缩空气循环且使所述空气与所述钻井液混合。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将井下压力减小至几乎零。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将井下压力减小至过平衡状态以下。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括将井下压力减小至接近150-200磅/平方英寸。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,将含有液体的钻井液向下泵送至钻头包括将钻削泥浆向下泵送至钻头。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,利用含有液体的钻井液在煤层中钻削包括一水平井眼的钻井包括利用钻削泥浆。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
在远离所述大致水平的井眼的煤层中钻削多个边侧井眼的过程中,将钻井液向下泵送至钻头;以及
减小由所述边侧井眼中的钻井液所施加的井下压力。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括贯通具有一圆弧形部分的井眼来钻削所述大致水平的井眼。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钻井液包括泡沫。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括贯通具有一圆弧形部分的井眼来钻削所述大致水平的井眼。
13.一种用于在煤层中形成一钻井的方法,包括:
利用含有液体的钻井液在煤层中钻削包括一水平井眼的钻井;以及
充分地减小井下压力,以便通过利用空气压缩机、井下泵或者气体上升来 减轻所述钻井内钻井液的流体静压来使钻削状态对于水平井眼的钻削而言不致于过平衡。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钻井包括一水平排放图形,所述水平排放图形包括所述水平井眼。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括充分地减小井下压力,以便钻削状态对于水平排放井眼的钻削而言不致于欠平衡。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述煤层是多孔且碎裂的。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,泵送含有液体的钻井液包括泵送钻削泥浆。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
在远离所述大致水平的井眼的煤层中钻削多个边侧井眼;以及
充分地减小井下压力,以便钻削状态对于边侧井眼的钻削而言不致于过平衡。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括贯通具有一圆弧形部分的井眼来钻削所述大致水平的井眼。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于,所述钻井液包括泡沫。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括贯通具有一圆弧形部分的井眼来钻削一大致水平的井眼。
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CN107735546A (zh) * | 2015-05-01 | 2018-02-23 | 齐立富控股有限公司 | 用于将电负载装置部署在井眼中的方法和系统 |
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