CN101603431B - 一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法 - Google Patents
一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法，最适用于煤矿中有突出危险性、水平厚度在8m以内的煤层石门快速揭煤。通过先打钻预抽石门前方煤层的瓦斯，降低其含量和瓦斯潜能，之后在石门周边制造一个厚度为石门尺寸0.4～1倍厚度的加固圈，并辅助锚索共同加固，有效提高煤层加固效果，达到安全揭煤的目的。在加固圈内部先打排放钻孔，控制巷道两侧4～8m以内的距离，并接管抽放，降低瓦斯压力，减缓高瓦斯压力对煤层的破坏作用。排放瓦斯之后将相关瓦斯排放钻孔作为注浆钻孔，并在石门周围均与注入加固材料加固煤岩，形成有骨架的加固体结构，增强加固效果。确保安全揭煤的条件下，能减少消突工程量20％～40％。减少瓦斯抽放时间，缩短施工周期，安全揭煤速度提高25％～50％。
Description
一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法，尤其适用于煤矿中有突出危险 性、水平厚度在8m以内的煤层石门快速揭煤。背景技术
[0002] 突出危险矿井中石门揭煤时最容易发生规模强度大的突出，严重制约矿井安全快 速生产，造成采掘失调，给人们的心理也造成严重阴影。目前，有突出危险性的石门揭煤采 取加固方法时，主要是通过钻孔向煤岩体内注入加固材料，或用金属骨架的辅助措施。由 于，单纯通过加固不能卸除加固圈层内部的高地应力或瓦斯压力，而且形成的单纯的加固 体虽然强度提高了，但是一旦破坏，加固体的承载能力将严重降低，而削弱了加固的效果， 不能有效抵抗揭煤时的冲击，而使得揭煤工作更危险。而金属骨架在使用过程中至少有一 端没有固定，而且金属骨架和煤岩体之间没有粘结在一起，在煤岩体发生变形时主要是金 属骨架依靠其抗弯强度抵抗煤岩体的变形，抵抗效果较差；此外金属骨架也不能施加预拉 力，这样在煤岩体变形的初始阶段，由于金属骨架不能有效抵抗煤岩体的变形，煤岩体一旦 变形，其自身的承载能力将严重降低，形成很大的安全隐患，而容易发生突出。此外，当煤 层比较松软，钻孔成型困难，不能有效将骨架送入到预先设计位置，而不能达到预期防突目 的。发明内容
[0003] 技术问题：本发明的目的是提供一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法，通过排放 瓦斯卸除地应力，采用锚索加固煤岩体，从而有效抵抗揭煤时的突出和冲击，达到安全快速 揭煤的目的。
[0004] 技术方案：本发明的突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法：
[0005] a、在巷道距离煤层约IOm时，向煤层方向钻孔，并抽排瓦斯；
[0006] b、在距离煤层一定距离L处，对巷道两帮扩挖一段深度b，形成超挖区；
[0007] C、在超挖区内沿垂直于煤层或平行于巷道方向施工一排或两排锚索至煤层顶板， 并保持锚索预拉力为其抗拉强度的0. 5〜0. 8倍；
[0008] d、再向煤层方向钻孔，向钻孔内注浆对煤层进行加固；
[0009] e、按常规方法掘进，并穿过煤层进入顶板2m，完成揭煤工作。
[0010] 所述一定距离L约为:¾ ；所述的巷道两帮扩挖的深度b约为0. 8〜1. :3m。
[0011] 有益效果：本发明通过在巷道前方煤岩体的周围施工锚索，并在该区域钻孔注浆 再次加固，形成类似钢筋混凝土结构的加固区，从而有效提高了加固区的强度和柔韧度，而 能够有效抵抗揭煤时的突出和冲击作用，确保揭煤安全。由于锚索具有预应力，在煤岩体变 形的初始时刻，锚索就能够依靠其抗拉强度来抵抗煤岩体的变形，阻碍加固区内煤岩体的 变形，提高煤岩体内加固区的主动承载能力。此外由于加固区内锚索的存在，其柔韧性大大 提高，即使加固区内煤岩体初始时刻产生了破坏，但是由于锚索和煤岩体粘结在一起，使得加固区内的煤岩体形成一个整体，从而锚索和加固区内的煤岩体一起抵抗揭煤时刻的冲击 作用，大大提高了抵抗突出的能力。此外，施工锚索时不存在塌孔而无法送入的现象，所以 较施工金属骨架更容易，可行性更强。本方法在保证安全揭煤的情况下，能减少消突工程量 20 %〜40 %，并减少瓦斯抽放时间，缩短施工周期，安全揭煤速度提高25 %〜50 %，具广泛 的实用性。附图说明
[0012] 图1是本发明突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固结构示意图；
[0013] 图2是图1的A-A剖面图；
[0014] 图3是图1的B-B剖面图。
[0015] 图中：1-煤层，2-加固圈，3-锚索，4-超挖区，5-巷道。 具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
[0017] 本发明的突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法，根据地质勘探提供的揭煤点附近的地 质情况，根据煤层厚度、倾角、走向、瓦斯参数，水文情况，巷道5的走向、尺寸以及其他在施 工中有要求的参数，制定详细揭煤方案，做好揭煤前的准备工作，用常规方法处理揭煤点的 裂隙瓦斯，水等危险因素，确保其不会对揭煤工作造成影响。首先对巷道迎头煤岩体卸压， 在巷道5距离煤层1约IOm时再次测定煤层相关参数，向煤层1方向钻孔对煤岩体卸压，并 抽放或排放迎头及周围4〜8m范围之内的瓦斯，也可以使用高压水力割缝技术对煤岩体进 行割缝卸压。在符合相关法规的条件下继续掘进到距离煤层1距离L为:¾左右停止掘进， 并在石门的顶和两帮各扩挖深度为0. 8〜1. 3m，形成超挖区4，之后在超挖区4均勻施工锚 索3，并使得锚索3两端分别固定在煤层顶底板坚硬岩层内至少为0. 5m，预应力达到锚索3 抗拉强度极限的0. 5〜0. 8之间，锚索3和巷道5的夹角主要受到巷道5和煤层1之间夹角 的影响，尽量使锚索垂直于煤层。当巷道5跨度小于2. 5m，煤质较硬，突出危险性较小时，石 门顶和两帮扩挖深度取小值，并可以只施工一排锚索3，当巷道5跨度超过2. 5m时，扩挖深 度取大值，并要求施工两排锚索3，风别固定在在超挖区4内0. 4〜0. 6m和0. 9〜1. an处。 锚索3间距为0. 15〜0. 3m,当煤质松软，地质构造复杂，突出危险性较大时，间距取小值， 当地质构造简单，煤质较硬，突出危险性较小时，间距取大值。根据现场的实际情况，如果突 出危险性很大，可以适当增加锚索的排数，锚索在锚固时，在现场允许的条件下尽量采用全 程锚固。锚索3施工之后对煤岩体进行注浆加固，加固圈2的厚度为巷道5尺寸的0. 4〜1 倍。例如，圆形巷道的直径为，则加固强圈2的厚度应为1.6〜細。但当注浆区域不能 覆盖锚索锚固区域时，应当增大注浆区域的范围，直到注浆区域能覆盖锚索锚固区域范围。 锚索的一端在超挖区4内，另一端要求锚固在深入到煤层顶板内部0. 5m左右。在向煤层打 钻孔并准备进行注浆之前需要用常规方法封堵其余所有多余的钻孔，以防浆液外漏。注浆 孔间距原则上要求不大于钻孔注浆有效影响半径，一定不能大于钻孔注浆有效影响半径的 1. 5倍，确保注入浆液要能全面均勻覆盖巷道5周围。当加固材料凝固之后，需要检测加固 效果。在实施注浆加固区域再钻孔，钻孔要求在初始注浆钻孔的中间位置，钻孔施工之后， 按照常规方法封孔并注水泥浆，若浆液能够顺利注入，则说明加固效果不理想，需要重向注浆区域再补打钻孔，并再次注浆加固。当浆液不能够顺利注入时，说明注浆效果达标。等待 浆液都凝固之后，按照常规的揭煤方法掘进巷道并进入顶板2m，完成石门揭煤工作。在整个 石门揭煤的过程中要及时进行支护。
Claims (1)
1. 一种突出危险煤层石门揭煤加固方法，其特征在于：a、在巷道（5)距离煤层⑴约IOm时，向煤层⑴方向钻孔，并抽排瓦斯；b、在距离煤层（1)的距离L约为:¾处，对巷道（5)的顶和两帮扩挖深度b为0.8〜 1.3m，形成超挖区（4)；c、在超挖区⑷内沿垂直于煤层⑴或平行于巷道（5)方向施工一排或两排锚索（3) 至煤层顶板，并保持锚索预拉力为其抗拉强度的0. 5〜0. 8倍；d、再向煤层⑴方向钻孔，向钻孔内注浆对煤层⑴进行加固，加固圈的厚度为巷道尺 寸的0.4〜1倍；e、按常规方法掘进，并穿过煤层（1)进入顶板an，完成揭煤工作。
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| CN102400698A (zh) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-04-04 | 焦作煤业集团赵固（新乡）能源有限责任公司 | 两硬大采高综采工作面煤壁片帮防治方法 |
| RU2448256C1 (ru) * | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение Высшего профессионального образования Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет | Способ предотвращения взрывов горючих газов в шахтах |
| CN102168560A (zh) * | 2011-03-10 | 2011-08-31 | 贵州铸安矿山科技股份有限公司 | 置换式石门揭煤方法 |
| CN102242640B (zh) * | 2011-07-05 | 2013-09-25 | 河南煤业化工集团研究院有限责任公司 | 煤矿井下石门揭煤的快速消突方法 |
| CN102900460B (zh) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-10-29 | 中国矿业大学 | 松软高突煤层穿层割缝卸压增透及快速掘进方法 |
| CN103195467B (zh) * | 2013-04-02 | 2015-02-25 | 重庆市能源投资集团科技有限责任公司 | 一种水力压裂与注浆固化相结合的石门揭煤方法 |
| CN103291354B (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-06-10 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种底板岩巷穿层卸压钻孔充填加固方法 |
| CN103510958B (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2016-08-10 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种缓倾斜特厚煤层石门揭煤方法 |
| CN105221182B (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-11-17 | 河南理工大学 | 极复杂地质条件下石门揭煤方法 |
| CN105221150B (zh) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-02-13 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种水平旋喷桩加固式石门揭煤的方法 |
| CN106567728A (zh) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-19 | 六盘水师范学院 | 一种高瓦斯煤层群底板排水、瓦斯抽采系统 |
| CN105697055B (zh) * | 2016-04-21 | 2018-04-03 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | 石门揭煤段煤体减尘加固结构及其施工方法 |
| CN106401590B (zh) * | 2016-11-18 | 2019-04-30 | 华北科技学院 | 一种石门揭煤前的围岩强度控制装置与方法 |
| CN109162755B (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-07-28 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种电脉冲与注浆加固相结合的石门揭煤方法 |
| CN110318792B (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2020-08-21 | 中国矿业大学 | 一种控制巷道顶板变形的支护方法 |
| CN111335938A (zh) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-26 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | 煤岩固化石门揭煤方法 |
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