CN101154731B - 燃料电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种覆盖有亲水聚合物层的燃料电池单元。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种燃料电池。
背景技术
图1示出了由微电子技术形成的燃料电池的实例。该电池形成于涂覆有第一薄绝缘层2和第二较厚绝缘层3的硅片1上。在部分绝缘层3中形成开口。在该开口中依次沉积支撑体4、催化剂层5、电解质6和第二催化剂层7。设置在第一绝缘层2上的电极10能够与电池单元下表面接触,以及与支撑体4接触。第二绝缘层3的开口11能够通向电极10。上电极12能够接触上催化剂层7。电极10和12具有开口,并在硅片1内形成与镀覆金属的下表面中的开口相对的通道13。下电极10和上电极12分别形成阳极集流体和阴极集流体。
电解质6是例如聚合物酸,例如固体形式的Nafion,而催化剂层是例如碳基层的和铂基的层。这仅是实施方式的一个实例。可以如图1所示形成的各种燃料电池在本领域中是公知的。
为了操作燃料电池,将氢沿着箭头H2注入到下表面侧,而将空气(携带着氧)注入到上表面侧。氢在催化剂层5的层面上“分解”一方面形成朝向电解质6的H+质子,另一方面形成通过电池的外侧朝向阳极集流体10的电子。H+质子穿过电解质6到达催化剂层7,在此它们与氧和通过阴极集流体来自电池外部的电子重新结合。以已知的方式,利用这种结构,在阴极集流体12(氧侧)上获得正电压以及在阳极集流体10(氢侧)上获得负电压。
这种类型燃料电池的缺点在于电解质6随着使用变干从而电池性能下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供包括不会变干的电解质的燃料电池。
本发明的目的在于提供这种简单结构的燃料电池。
为了实现这些目的,本发明提供覆盖有亲水聚合物层的燃料电池单元(battery cell)。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该亲水聚合物层位于产生水的电池区域附近。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该亲水聚合物层是多孔的或者具有开口以允许气体例如氧通过。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,疏水材料层覆盖该亲水聚合物层。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该疏水材料层对于这种气体是多孔的或者具有至少一个开口以允许气体例如氧通过。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该亲水聚合物层是热导性的。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该亲水聚合物层含有碳纳米管。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该疏水材料层是热导性的。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该疏水材料层由碳纳米管形成。
根据上述燃料电池单元的实施方式,该电池包括位于第一和第二催化剂层之间的电解质,该第一和第二催化剂层分别与阳极集流体和阴极集流体连接,将氢气输送到位于第一催化剂层的层面的电池的后表面,并将氧气输送到位于第二催化剂层层面的电池的前表面,所述亲水聚合物层位于第二催化剂层上的前表面上并通过氧。
在结合附图的具体实施方案的下述非限定描述中将详细讨论本发明的前述和其它目的、特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是已知燃料电池单元的横截面图;
图2是根据本发明的燃料电池单元的横截面图;
图3是根据图2所示的电池单元的替代实施方式的燃料电池单元的横截面图。
具体实施方式
为了清楚,在不同的附图中使用相同的参考数字指示相同的元件,另外,如集成电路的表示中所常见的,各附图都未依照比例。
为了避免燃料电池单元的干燥,本发明使得电池单元自然产生的水得以保持。实际上,当H+质子与氧和来自阴极集流体的电子重新结合时,在上催化剂层7的层面上形成水。为了避免这些水蒸发,本发明将亲水聚合物层放置在上催化剂层7附近。这种亲水聚合物层能够在单元中维持潮湿的环境,特别是在电解质6的层面上维持潮湿的环境。
图2是燃料电池的横截面图,该燃料电池包括图1所示的电池单元的所有元件。根据本发明的一个方面,将亲水聚合物层20放置在上催化剂层7之上。亲水聚合物层20覆盖位于上催化剂层7之上的上电极12部分并覆盖位于催化剂层7附近的绝缘层3部分。位于第二绝缘层3之上的上电极12部分是暴露的以使其接近自由,相似地,开口11保持开放,以能够接近下电极10。
另外,为了使空气,特别是氧通向上催化剂7,亲水聚合物层20优选是多孔的。多孔亲水聚合物层的实例是例如羟基官能化的团聚聚乙烯形成的多孔亲水聚合物层。在聚合物并非多孔的情况下,在其中形成通孔以允许氧流动。
另外,由于蒸发随着电池单元温度的增加而增加,因此限制电池单元产生的水蒸发的其它方法在于“冷却”该电池单元。为了使燃料电池单元产生的热量易于散热,因此优选选择热导性的亲水聚合物层。
为此,可以使用含碳纳米管的亲水聚合物层。由于碳纳米管是很好的热导体,因此少量碳纳米管的存在可以提供非常好的散热。
图3是燃料电池单元的横截面图,该燃料电池包括与图2显示的电池单元的元件相同的元件。该电池单元还包括覆盖亲水聚合物层20的疏水材料层30。疏水材料层30还能够限制燃料电池产生的水的蒸发。
该疏水材料层优选由多孔材料形成,以使得氧通过。在对应的情况下,应在上催化剂层7之上提供疏水聚合物层30的开口以使得氧流动,这对燃料电池单元的操作流程来说是必需的。
使得氧流动的多孔疏水层的实例是由碳纳米管形成的层。这种层还可以为燃料电池单元产生的热量提供极好的散热。
当然,本发明可以具有对本领域技术人员来说容易想到的各种改变、改良和变形。具体地,上述附图示出单个燃料电池单元。实际上,在同一硅片1上,可以根据期望用途形成以串联/并联组装的很多电池单元。
另外,本发明适用于多种类型的燃料电池,它适用于保持这些燃料电池产生的水。
这些改变、变形和改良的意图是作为本公开的一部分,并且意味着在本发明的精神和范围内。因此,上述描述仅为举例说明,并不意图进行限制。本发明仅受下述权利要求和其等同物的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种氢/氧燃料电池单元,其由连续的层所形成,其中,氢和氧为气态并且其顶层覆盖有亲水聚合物层(20)。
2.权利要求1的氢/氧燃料电池单元,当使用时产生水,该亲水聚合物层(20)位于产生水的电池单元的区域附近。
3.权利要求1的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该亲水聚合物层(20)是多孔的或者具有开口以允许气体例如氧气通过。
4.权利要求1的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中疏水材料层(30)覆盖亲水聚合物层(20)。
5.权利要求3的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该疏水材料层(30)对于这种气体是多孔的或者具有至少一个开口以允许气体例如氧气通过。
6.权利要求1的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该亲水聚合物层(20)是热导性的。
7.权利要求6的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该亲水聚合物层(20)含有碳纳米管。
8.权利要求4的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该疏水材料层(30)是热导性的。
9.权利要求8的氢/氧燃料电池单元,其中该疏水材料层(30)由碳纳米管构成。
10.权利要求1的氢/氧燃料电池单元,包括位于第一和第二催化剂层(5,7)之间的电解质(6),该第一和第二催化剂层(5,7)分别与阳极集流体和阴极集流体连接,将氢气输送到位于第一催化剂层的层面上的电池单元的后表面,并将氧气输送到位于第二催化剂层的层面上的电池单元的前表面,所述亲水聚合物层(20)位于在第二催化剂层上方的前表面处并透过氧气。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0552944A FR2891403A1 (fr) | 2005-09-29 | 2005-09-29 | Pile a combustible recouverte d'une couche de polymeres hydrophiles |
FR0552944 | 2005-09-29 |
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CN101154731A CN101154731A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
CN101154731B true CN101154731B (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
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CN2006101718560A Expired - Fee Related CN101154731B (zh) | 2005-09-29 | 2006-09-28 | 燃料电池 |
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US (1) | US20070072040A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1772921B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007095697A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20070036686A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101154731B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602006016532D1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2891403A1 (zh) |
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US20060224458A1 (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-10-05 | American Communication & Networks Corp. | Menu post, wireless headset and telephone system interface controller |
FR2919760B1 (fr) * | 2007-08-02 | 2009-10-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de fabrication d'une pile a combustible sur un support poreux |
FR2925766B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-24 | 2010-06-04 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | Dispositif de protection de pile a combustible |
FR2926679B1 (fr) * | 2008-01-17 | 2011-06-03 | St Microelectronics Tours Sas | Boitier pour piles a combustible miniatures |
US9281536B2 (en) * | 2008-10-01 | 2016-03-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Material design to enable high mid-temperature performance of a fuel cell with ultrathin electrodes |
JPWO2011089722A1 (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-05-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 正極およびその製造方法 |
KR101296253B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-14 | 2013-08-13 | 킴스테크날리지 주식회사 | 가스투과막이 설치된 전기화학셀 |
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WO2004006364A1 (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Nec Corporation | 液体燃料供給型燃料電池、燃料電池用電極、およびそれらの製造方法 |
WO2004100286A2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Entegris, Inc. | Lyophilic fuel cell component |
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US5759712A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1998-06-02 | Hockaday; Robert G. | Surface replica fuel cell for micro fuel cell electrical power pack |
JP3577402B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-28 | 2004-10-13 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体高分子型燃料電池 |
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JP2004185900A (ja) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-02 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池用電極、膜・触媒層接合体、燃料電池、およびこれらの製造方法 |
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2005
- 2005-09-29 FR FR0552944A patent/FR2891403A1/fr active Pending
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2006
- 2006-09-27 KR KR1020060094356A patent/KR20070036686A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-09-28 US US11/528,818 patent/US20070072040A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-28 CN CN2006101718560A patent/CN101154731B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-28 JP JP2006264894A patent/JP2007095697A/ja active Pending
- 2006-09-29 EP EP06121498A patent/EP1772921B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-09-29 DE DE602006016532T patent/DE602006016532D1/de active Active
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2004006364A1 (ja) * | 2002-07-03 | 2004-01-15 | Nec Corporation | 液体燃料供給型燃料電池、燃料電池用電極、およびそれらの製造方法 |
WO2004100286A2 (en) * | 2003-05-05 | 2004-11-18 | Entegris, Inc. | Lyophilic fuel cell component |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070072040A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
DE602006016532D1 (de) | 2010-10-14 |
FR2891403A1 (fr) | 2007-03-30 |
KR20070036686A (ko) | 2007-04-03 |
CN101154731A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
EP1772921B1 (fr) | 2010-09-01 |
EP1772921A2 (fr) | 2007-04-11 |
JP2007095697A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
EP1772921A3 (fr) | 2007-12-19 |
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