CN101145046A - Interface of programmable logic controller and expansion module - Google Patents
Interface of programmable logic controller and expansion module Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An interface of a programmable logic controller and an expansion module, comprising a main module and a plurality of expansion modules, characterized in that: the SPI interface line using the four-wire standard and two digital logic lines: the interrupt bus control line and the sequential connection control line form an interface bus, and the two-way communication between the main module and all the expansion modules is controlled by a token; the address allocation of each expansion module is automatically completed in the system initialization process, the control and data information bidirectional communication between the main module and the multiple expansion modules is completed, and the input and output and function expansion of the programmable controller are realized. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the communication interface function of the programmable logic controller and the extension module is successfully realized, the bidirectional communication of data and control characters is completed, the automatic address allocation function of the extension module is realized, the conflict problem in communication is effectively solved, and the communication efficiency and reliability of the programmable logic controller and the extension module are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic technology field, relate to the programmable logic controller (PLC) that is applied to the Industry Control Application field and the interface of a plurality of expansion modules.
Background technology
Widespread use along with programmable logic controller (PLC), single programmable logic controller (PLC) is because its function is limited, can not meet the demands in a lot of occasions, and in the working control process, usually the function that needs the single controller of expansion, promptly, wait the performance that enlarges system as I/O analog quantity expansion module, digital quantity expansion module, network connecting module by other performance module are provided.Modular system can be applicable to simple system, can make it be applicable to complicated system by the expansion corresponding functional modules again, and therefore, the programmable functions logic controller need provide the module interface of the additional extension with a lot of difference in functionalitys.Connection method is owing to have any assembling step by step, and therefore the advantage of wiring extensively adopts now flexibly.For the system with a plurality of expansion modules, primary module is in order to visit each expansion module, and each expansion module needs a unique numbered address.Existing technology has input numbering manually and primary module automatic numbering.Numbering is more loaded down with trivial details manually, increases an expansion module at every turn, needs the programming personnel to remember corresponding expansion module information, and imports correct numbering.The primary module automatic numbering then is the mode with hardware encoding, address logic coding of design and transfer unit in expansion module, like this, increased the complicacy of hardware design, when expansion module was many, the address wire that needs increased, and will further increase the complexity of design.
Need Data transmission and control signal between PLC primary module and each expansion module.Existing technology is to adopt the information exchange system of " master-slave communication ", all can only be initiated by primary module at whole communication process like this, and addressing is provided, total line traffic control with communicate by letter, expansion module does not have the ability that initiatively sends data.This pattern greatly reduces the communication efficiency between primary module and expansion module.
Summary of the invention
The Convenient interface that the purpose of this invention is to provide Programmable Logic Controller and multimode, adopt a kind of primary module initiatively to send data and expansion module interruption transmission request of data, the mode that primary module sends token at random communicates, can realize the input and output and the function expansion of Programmable Logic Controller, the simplified apparatus assembling process improves Programmable Logic Controller in the industrial circle application flexibility.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical matters adopts: control primary module able to programme and many expansion modules hardware interface bus interrupt applying for line, a sequential control line formation by the/SPI interface line of SS, SCK, MOSI, MISO four line standards with one, and Fig. 1 is seen in its connection.Interrupt the application line and connect the external interrupt mouth of primary module and the universaling I/O port of expansion module, and the universaling I/O port line of sequential control line for each expansion module is linked in sequence.By software design,, and can be the expansion module addressing automatically at interface bus transmission control and data-signal.
Data Transport Protocol.The designed interface of the present invention has bidirectional data transmission function, and primary module can send data character and control character to expansion module at any time, and expansion module adopts the communication mechanism of token, obtains can send data to primary module behind the token.
The automatic allocative decision in the address of many expansion modules.The automatic allocative decision in address of the present invention, at power-up initializing or when increasing new expansion module, each expansion module is according to connecting order with the CTLx line of primary module, according to the distance of primary module, can distribute unique address automatically with software, primary module can be discerned the expansion module numbered address.
Data transmission conflict settlement mechanism.Comprise software anti-collision mechanism and hardware anti-collision mechanism.Adopt the token mode to prevent that many expansion modules from sending data simultaneously on the software, promptly in a time, have only an expansion module to send data to primary module by the MISO bus.On the hardware at resistance of the transmitting terminal of each expansion module series connection; when two expansion modules send data simultaneously, level not simultaneously owing to all gone here and there a 470K Ohmage at the transmitting terminal of each expansion module; make the pin electric current unlikely too big, thereby the protection pin make unlikely damage.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the communication interface function that has successfully realized to compile logic controller and expansion module, finish the two-way communication of data and control character, has the automatic distribution function in expansion module address, also efficiently solve the collision problem in the communication simultaneously, improved the communication efficiency and the reliability of Programmable Logic Controller and expansion module.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the interface synoptic diagram of programmable logic controller (PLC) of the present invention and a plurality of expansion modules;
Fig. 2 is the pin assignments Pareto diagram of interface bus;
Fig. 3 is the automatic allocation flow figure in the address of single expansion module.
Embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawings and embodiment, the invention will be further described, is under the prerequisite in technical solution of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and process, but should be appreciated that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Fig. 1 is the interface synoptic diagram of Programmable Logic Controller of the present invention and a plurality of expansion modules, as seen from the figure, the interface of a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC) and expansion module, except power lead and ground wire, also comprise primary module and a plurality of expansion module, it is characterized in that: employing/SS, SCK, MOSI, the SPI interface line of MISO four line standards and two radical word logic line: INT application interrupt control line and the CTLx control line that is linked in sequence is formed interface bus, data communication mode between primary module and expansion module is a transmitted in both directions, finish the input and output of data simultaneously, primary module transmits information by MOSI to expansion module, described all expansion modules use MISO to transmit information to primary module jointly, two-way communication is controlled by the token formula, has only the unique expansion module that obtains token to send data to primary module on the MISO bus; The universaling I/O port line of the control line that is linked in sequence for each expansion module is linked in sequence, the order that connects according to expansion module and apart from the distance of primary module is finished the automatic distribution of address; Application interrupt control line connects the external interrupt mouth of primary module and the universaling I/O port of expansion module, primary module response expansion module interrupt request, and expansion module could send data to primary module.Among the present invention, many expansion modules link to each other with primary module step by step by interface, and the expansion module that links to each other with primary module is defined as expansion module 1, and the expansion module that links to each other with expansion module 1 is an expansion module 2, and the rest may be inferred.As shown in Figure 1.As can be seen, the CTLx that passes through between the expansion module connects with primary module, is used for address assignment from the figure, but each expansion module can regard in parallel again as, and its chance that obtains to send data is impartial, all is by interrupt obtaining token to the primary module application.Bus functionality is shown in table 1 among Fig. 1.
| The signal wire name | Function |
| / SS | The expansion module controller is selected signal, is used for selecting with which expansion module communicating by letter |
| SCK | Communication clock signal wire by primary module control |
| MOSI | Primary module data output signal line, primary module is by these alignment expansion module transmission data |
| MISO | Primary module data input signal line, expansion module is by these alignment primary module transmission data |
| INT | Expansion module application interrupt control line |
| CTLx | The expansion module control line that is linked in sequence is used for address assignment. |
| |
5 volts of power leads, one has two |
| GND | The power ground line, one has two |
Table 1
Described expansion module address is distributed automatically, and each expansion module all has an address.When just beginning, the address of each expansion all is identical, is initial unified address, but has only the control line that is linked in sequence (CTL1) before the expansion module of the most close primary module to be low level, promptly have only first expansion module can with the primary module communication, all the other expansion modules are in sleep state.After primary module is distributed the address for first expansion module, just can enter the wait address state behind second expansion module thereafter, by that analogy, expansion module will be according to the sequencing address acquisition, after total system is finished initialization and address assignment, according to the distance near primary module, progressively increase successively in the expansion module address.Sequential control line CTLx plays an important role in initialization address distributes automatically, according to the order of connection of expansion module, uses the CTLx line to wake the order assignment that the expansion module that is connected in the back is realized the address successively up.
All expansion modules all are connected on the same interrupt bus control line, the transmission data interruption request that the processor response expansion module of primary module produces, need send the expansion module of data by the mode addressing of the insertion of repeating query in transfer data packets token address, when the expansion module of request transmission data is received the token identical with own address, this expansion module stops to produce the data interruption request that sends, and to primary module transmission data, primary module receives that sending data instant stops to send token address.
The total line traffic control of described token formula, token is as the sign of bus control right, have only the expansion module that obtains token on the MISO bus, to send data, if expansion module is want to transmit data to primary module, earlier the interrupt INT control line is changed to low level, and expansion module is monitored the state of INT bus at any time, after primary module finds that the INT line is dragged down to low level, to produce interruption, begin to send two continuous address characters as token, when the address of containing in the expansion module address that requires to send data and the token is identical, this expansion module just obtains this token, also just obtains to send the chance of data, so discharge the INT bus, with the INT bus recovery is high level, sends data to primary module then.
All gone here and there a resistance at the transmitting terminal of each expansion module, when two expansion modules send data simultaneously, level not simultaneously, two resistance that between two pins there are string, the protection pin makes unlikely damage.
The hardware that the above 10 line has been formed interface connects, and by the flat wire connection of ten pins, its interface distributes as shown in Figure 2.
In order to realize that the PLC primary module is connected with high-efficiency reliable between each expansion module, the embodiment of the invention has defined the communication protocol of transmitted in both directions.Primary module has at any time the function that initiatively sends data to expansion module, and therefore, primary module is at first according to the number of the expansion module that connects, and the form of the packing data framing that needs are sent sends.The frame format that described MOSI and MISO line transmit data is: the data of address+operational code+a plurality of bytes+LRC effect sign indicating number+termination character.Primary module to expansion module transmit and expansion module to the form of primary module transmit data frames respectively shown in table 2 and table 3.
| Fx | OPC | DAT | LRC | FE |
| Expansion module address or broadcast address | Operational code | A plurality of byte datas | Verification | Termination character |
| Fx | OPC | DAT | LRC | FE |
| The expansion module address | Operational code | A plurality of byte datas | Verification | Termination character |
Table 3
The address of expansion module primary module software when starting is determined according to the order of connection of expansion module and primary module is unique.In the present embodiment, the address of expansion module is totally eight of 0xF1-0xF8, and 0xF9 is defined as broadcast address.Broadcast address is that specific its value of control byte is 0xf9.Operational code is the definition to the byte data of transmission, imports byte or output byte etc. as the byte data of transmission for expansion.The LRC verification of using in the present embodiment, check byte make entire frame and are 0.
The control character form is 0xfx (x=0 to f), and all the other characters are data characters.That is, 0xf0,0xf1,0xf2,0xf3 ... 0xff is a control character, and remaining is a data character.Chuan Shu the data character control character that equals to have defined in the present embodiment if desired, then this data byte is split into two bytes, one of them byte is high four and equals the high four of data byte, low four is 0 byte, another one is that Gao Siwei is 0, and low four is the byte of low four compositions of data byte.Transmit the data character of a 0xfx in particular if desired, adopt the mode of inserting 0xf0 to transmit, 0xfx is split as 0xf0 and two characters transmission of 0x0x.So having detected a byte data is 0xf0 at every turn, then the byte addition with it and back obtains actual transmission byte data.For example transmit leg wants to send to the data value of a 0xf5 of take over party, and transmit leg sends 0xf0 and two characters of 0x05, and the take over party is after receiving byte 0xf0, can be with the 0x05 of back and 0xf0 mutually or obtain the actual numerical value 0xf5 of transmit leg transmission.
When primary module need be when all expansion modules send data simultaneously, when first byte of frame is broadcast address, the a plurality of byte datas that send will be according to the order of expansion module, the data combination that will send, the expansion module take over party, expansion module is pressed the array mode of agreement from the ad-hoc location reading of data, and carries out corresponding operation according to operational code.The frame format of broadcast message is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
When primary module when certain expansion module sends data separately, first byte of frame is unique coded address of the take over party of the data that send.After expansion module received Frame, if the address in the Frame is consistent with the address of oneself, and data transmission was correct, and invalid error checking mistake then receives data, and carries out corresponding operation according to operational code, otherwise, abandon this Frame.If the generation data transmission fault, the LRC verification makes mistakes, and then adopts data re-transmitting mechanism, abandons this data, and the request primary module resends data.
When expansion module will send data, need to interrupt earlier application line ITN and be output as low level, to primary module application token, the primary module response is interrupted, and the address token is inserted in repeating query in the Frame that sends, and the form of address token is two continuous 0xfx bytes (x=1 to 8), the expansion module that application is interrupted is not when receiving the address token of oneself, keep INT is low level always, is high level with INT line value just up to receiving the address token, stops to send the data interruption application.Primary module receives the data byte that expansion module sends over, and stops to send the address token, and finishes corresponding operation according to the operational code in the packet.
Among the present invention, finishing expansion module is that each expansion module all has a unique address with a key of communicating by letter of primary module.Embodiments of the invention provide the method that can distribute the expansion module address with software automatically.Its superiority do not need to be the design of complicated hardware geocoding, and when increasing expansion module, under the prerequisite that does not change the expansion module address that is assigned with the address, distributes the address for automatically the expansion module that increased afterwards.
Before initialization, the address of expansion module is identical, this address in address assignment as the initial address token.During system initialization, according to the distance of distance primary module,, distribute a unique address to give expansion module successively automatically just according to the order of connection of CTLx line, therefore after total system is finished initialization and address assignment, expansion module has oneself a unique address.Unique address assigning process such as Fig. 3 of each expansion module can be divided into three phases: wait for and distribute the address, request distributes the address, confirms addresses distributed.
When system has just begun to work on power, all expansion modules oneself backs to the CTLx line be set to 1, or guarantee that by hardware design system's back CTLx line that powers on is 1, enter and wait for and distribute address state.Through behind the suitable time-delay, expansion module detects the CTLx line level of coming from previous module (primary module or expansion module), if be 0, enters the wait address state.After entering the wait address state, expansion module drags down the INT line, monitors the MOSI bus, waits for that primary module distributes the address token, when obtaining this order bridge queen, if expansion module acquisition MISO bus control right just sends the request address order.After primary module sended over the address assignment order, the expansion module address modification was the new address that primary module distributes, and enters the affirmation address state.After entering the affirmation address state, expansion module still drags down the INT line, after the acquisition primary module is distributed to the address token of oneself, sends the order of affirmation address acquisition to primary module.After the work order of receiving primary module, with the back to CTL level step-down, enter normal operating conditions.So next expansion module CTL line is 0, repeats the unique address assigning process, obtains new address.Therefore after each expansion module was finished initialization (finishing initialization even have only part), on bus, the expansion module that is in normal operating conditions all had a unique address.Primary module can send data to expansion module at any time, and if expansion module is want to transmit data to primary module, must first the INT line be dragged down.After primary module detects the INT line and dragged down, will begin to send token.Primary module begins to send token, promptly sends two continuous expansion module address command characters, when the address of expansion module equals address command character in the token, this expansion module just obtains token, if have data to send, then begin to send data immediately, otherwise abandon token.After primary module receives the expansion module feedack, stop to send token immediately, change the data reception process over to.After data transmission finished, primary module continued monitoring INT bus, if the INT line still is low, illustrates to still have expansion module need send data, and primary module continues to provide token, waited for after the expansion module that needs the transmission data receives token sending data.
On the software, adopt the token mode to avoid a conflict, can guarantee to have only an expansion module to obtain token at synchronization, the expansion module that obtains token transmits data by bus to primary module, if but because situations such as interference, cause two expansion modules simultaneously when the MISO bus sends data, all gone here and there a resistance at the transmitting terminal of each expansion module, work as two expansion modules like this and send data simultaneously, level is not simultaneously, string has two resistance 470K Ohmages between two pins, and the restrictive ports electric current makes and do not cause the interface communication pin to damage effectively.
Claims (6)
1. the interface of programmable logic controller (PLC) and expansion module, comprise primary module and a plurality of expansion module, it is characterized in that: the SPI interface line and the two radical word logic lines that adopt four line standards: the interrupt control line and the control line that is linked in sequence are formed interface bus, primary module transmits information by MOSI alignment expansion module, described all expansion modules use MISO to transmit information to primary module jointly, two-way communication is controlled by the token formula, has only the unique expansion module that obtains token to send data to primary module on the MISO bus; The described universaling I/O port line of control line that be linked in sequence for each expansion module is linked in sequence, the order that connects according to expansion module and apart from the distance of primary module is finished the automatic distribution of address; Described interrupt bus control line connects the external interrupt mouth of primary module and the universaling I/O port of expansion module, and after the primary module response expansion module interrupt request, expansion module could send data to primary module.
2. the interface of a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC) as claimed in claim 1 and expansion module is characterized in that: the frame format that described MOSI and MISO line transmit data is: the data of address+operational code+a plurality of bytes+LRC effect sign indicating number+termination character.
3. the interface of a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC) as claimed in claim 1 and expansion module is characterized in that: described expansion module address is distributed automatically, and each expansion module all has an address.When just beginning, the address of each expansion is all identical, is initial unified address, but has only the control line that is linked in sequence (CTL1) before the expansion module of the most close primary module to be low level, promptly have only first expansion module can with the primary module communication, all the other expansion modules are in sleep state.After primary module is distributed the address for first expansion module, the expansion module that is connected first expansion module back just can enter the wait address state, by that analogy, expansion module will be according to the sequencing address acquisition, after total system is finished initialization and address assignment, according to the distance near primary module, progressively increase successively in the expansion module address.
4. the interface of a kind of programmable logic controller (PLC) as claimed in claim 1 and expansion module, it is characterized in that: all expansion modules all are connected on the same interrupt bus control line, the transmission data interruption request that the processor response expansion module of primary module produces, need send the expansion module of data by the mode addressing of the insertion of repeating query in transfer data packets token address, when the expansion module of request transmission data is received the token identical with own address, this expansion module stops to produce the data interruption request that sends, and to primary module transmission data, primary module is received the transmission data, stops to send token address immediately.
5. the interface of a kind of according to claim 1 programmable logic controller (PLC) and expansion module, it is characterized in that: the total line traffic control of described token formula, token is as the sign of bus control right, have only the expansion module that obtains token on the MISO bus, to send data, if expansion module is want to transmit data to primary module, earlier the interrupt INT control line is changed to low level, and expansion module is monitored the state of INT bus at any time, after primary module finds that the INT line is dragged down to low level, to produce interruption, begin to send two continuous address characters as token, when the address of containing in the expansion module address that requires to send data and the token is identical, this expansion module just obtains this token, also just obtain to send the chance of data, send data to primary module then, finish when data send, this expansion module discharges the INT bus, is high level with the INT bus recovery.
6. the interface of a kind of according to claim 1 programmable logic controller (PLC) and expansion module; it is characterized in that: all gone here and there a resistance at the transmitting terminal of each expansion module; when two expansion modules send data simultaneously; level is not simultaneously; two resistance that between two pins there are string, the protection pin makes unlikely damage.
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| US5802389A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1998-09-01 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Expansion module address method and apparatus for a programmable logic controller |
| CN1719363A (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2006-01-11 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Hard ware extension method of programmable logic controller |
| CN100437541C (en) * | 2006-03-28 | 2008-11-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for realizing serial peripheral unit interface |
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