CN112764385A - System and method for realizing small PLC bus - Google Patents
System and method for realizing small PLC bus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112764385A CN112764385A CN201911003551.2A CN201911003551A CN112764385A CN 112764385 A CN112764385 A CN 112764385A CN 201911003551 A CN201911003551 A CN 201911003551A CN 112764385 A CN112764385 A CN 112764385A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
- G05B19/054—Input/output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/10—Plc systems
- G05B2219/11—Plc I-O input output
- G05B2219/1131—I-O connected to a bus
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for realizing a small PLC bus. The system comprises a CPU module and a plurality of expansion IO modules, wherein the CPU module is connected with the expansion IO modules by adopting a bus type topological structure, and the CPU module is provided with a serial communication interface and an address configuration line; each expansion IO module except the last expansion IO module is provided with a serial communication interface and two address configuration lines, the serial communication interface of each expansion IO module is connected with the serial communication interface of the adjacent CPU module or expansion IO module, one address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module or CPU module and used for detecting the level, and the other address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module and used for providing the configuration level for the next expansion IO module. The invention is simple to realize and has lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automation control, in particular to a system and a method for realizing a small PLC bus.
Background
A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is an electronic device that operates by digital operations specifically designed for use in an industrial environment. Since the appearance of the PLC, the PLC has the advantages of strong function, high reliability, convenient use, small volume and the like, and is widely applied to automatic control systems in various industries such as petroleum, chemical engineering, high-speed rail, electric power and the like. The PLC is the core of a programmable control system and is mainly used for running control logic and executing field I/O variable refreshing operation.
PLCs are widely used by virtue of their flexibility of programming. The small PLC has a small number of controllable I/O variables, but due to the characteristics of small size, low price, simplicity in use and the like, the small PLC is largely realized in some simple controls. The small PLC uses a programming memory to store and carry out operations such as logic operation, sequence operation, timing and counting, and can operate various machines or production processes through data input and output.
However, because the IO resources included in the small PLC are limited, the IO resources of the PLC sometimes need to be increased by using an extended IO module, so that the small PLC has richer IO resources and is suitable for more application scenarios. In order to enable the CPU module of the PLC to quickly access the data of the extended IO, a PLC bus is proposed for such a demand. The bus schemes commonly used in the market all need a special bus controller, which additionally increases the cost, and is not practical for small-sized PLCs with relatively low performance requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The system and the method for realizing the small PLC bus are simple to realize and low in cost.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a system for implementing a small PLC bus, where the system includes a CPU module and a plurality of extended IO modules, and the CPU module and the extended IO modules are connected by using a bus topology, where,
the CPU module is provided with a serial communication interface and an address configuration line;
each expansion IO module except the last expansion IO module is provided with a serial communication interface and two address configuration lines, the serial communication interface of each expansion IO module is connected with the serial communication interface of the adjacent CPU module or expansion IO module, one address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module or CPU module and used for detecting the level, and the other address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module and used for providing the configuration level for the next expansion IO module.
Optionally, the last expansion IO module has a serial communication interface and an address configuration line, the serial communication interface is connected to the serial communication interface of the previous expansion IO module, and the address configuration line is connected to the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module and is used for detecting the level.
Optionally, the serial communication interface is an RS485 interface.
Optionally, the communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, data, and a CRC field.
Optionally, when the CPU module broadcasts a message to each extended IO module, the slave address field is set to be FF, and all the extended IO modules can receive the message broadcasted by the CPU module; and when each expansion IO module sends a response to the CPU module, each expansion IO module sets the address field of the slave to be the address of the expansion IO module.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for implementing a small PLC bus, including:
the CPU module sends broadcast to each expansion IO module through a serial communication interface, and configuration addresses of all the expansion IO modules are cleared, wherein the CPU module is connected with all the expansion IO modules by adopting a bus type topological structure;
the CPU module sets an address configuration line of the CPU module to be at a high level, so that the address configuration line of a first expansion IO module connected with the CPU module is at the high level, and sends a configuration address command to the first expansion IO module connected with the CPU module, the first expansion IO module checks whether the address configuration line and an address are configured, if the address configuration line is at the high level and the address is not configured, the CPU module configures an address of the CPU module, then sends a response to the CPU module, and sets the address configuration line of a second expansion IO module to be at the high level;
for each expansion IO module behind the first expansion IO module, receiving a configuration address command sent by the previous expansion IO module, checking whether an address configuration line and an address are configured or not, if the address configuration line is high level and the address is not configured, configuring the address of the expansion IO module, sending a response to the CPU module, and setting the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module to be high level until the address configuration of all the expansion IO modules is completed;
and the CPU module is used as a host to carry out data communication with each expansion IO module as a slave according to the address.
Optionally, the serial communication interface is an RS485 interface.
Optionally, the communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, data, and a CRC field.
Optionally, when the CPU module broadcasts a packet to each extended IO module, the slave address field is set to be FF, and all the extended IO modules can receive the packet broadcast by the CPU module.
Optionally, when each extended IO module sends a response to the CPU module, each extended IO module sets the slave address field as its own address.
According to the system and the method for realizing the small PLC bus, the CPU module is connected with the plurality of expansion IO modules through a bus type topological structure, the CPU module is communicated with the expansion IO modules through a serial communication interface, a master-slave communication mechanism is adopted, the CPU module serves as a master, the expansion IO modules serve as slaves, the master polls the slaves in a certain mode, and sends data to the slaves or reads data of the slaves, so that the small PLC bus scheme based on the serial communication interface is realized. Compared with the prior art, the invention has simple realization, the CPU module is provided with the RS485 controller, the extra cost is not required to be added, and the cost is lower.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation system of a small PLC bus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a communication data frame transmitted between a CPU module and an expansion IO module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a system for implementing a small PLC bus, as shown in fig. 1, where the system includes a CPU module and a plurality of expansion IO modules, and the CPU module and the expansion IO modules are connected by using a bus topology structure, where,
the CPU module is provided with a serial communication interface and an address configuration line;
each expansion IO module except the last expansion IO module is provided with a serial communication interface and two address configuration lines, the serial communication interface of each expansion IO module is connected with the serial communication interface of the adjacent CPU module or expansion IO module, one address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module or CPU module and used for detecting the level, and the other address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module and used for providing the configuration level for the next expansion IO module.
According to the implementation system of the small PLC bus provided by the embodiment of the invention, the CPU module is connected with the plurality of expansion IO modules by adopting a bus type topological structure, the CPU module and the expansion IO are communicated through a serial communication interface, a master-slave communication mechanism is adopted, the CPU module is used as a master, the expansion IO module is used as a slave, the master polls the slave in a certain mode, and sends data to the slave or reads data of the slave, so that the small PLC bus scheme based on the serial communication interface is realized. Compared with the prior art, the invention has simple realization, the CPU module is provided with the RS485 controller, the extra cost is not required to be added, and the cost is lower.
Optionally, the last expansion IO module has a serial communication interface and an address configuration line, the serial communication interface is connected to the serial communication interface of the previous expansion IO module, and the address configuration line is connected to the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module and is used for detecting the level.
Optionally, the serial communication interface is an RS485 interface.
Optionally, the communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, data, and a CRC field.
Optionally, when the CPU module broadcasts a message to each extended IO module, the slave address field is set to be FF, and all the extended IO modules can receive the message broadcasted by the CPU module; and when each expansion IO module sends a response to the CPU module, each expansion IO module sets the address field of the slave to be the address of the expansion IO module.
The method for implementing the small PLC bus according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, two-wire RS485 is used for wiring, and a bus topology is used, and the CPU module and the extended IO module of the PLC communicate with each other through the RS 485. It can be seen from fig. 1 that in addition to the RS485 bus, there is an address configuration line, which can be controlled by the GPIO of the processor, and by which the slave that needs to be configured can be specified. The expansion IO module of the PLC provides an RS485 interface, but is different from the CPU module in that two address configuration lines are provided, wherein one address configuration line is used for connecting the previous expansion IO module and is used for detecting the level, and the other address configuration line is connected with the next expansion IO module and is used for providing the configuration level.
In the embodiment, a communication mode of one master and multiple slaves is adopted, a CPU module of the PLC is used as a master, and an extended IO module of the PLC is used as a slave, that is, each bus access is initiated by the master, and the slave receives data of the master and responds. In order to ensure the reliability of data transmission, a question-and-answer mode is adopted, namely, after the host sends data, the host waits for the response of the slave, and the host receives the response or waits for overtime, so that the communication can be ended. In order to distinguish the slaves, the addresses of the slaves are required, and in this embodiment, the addresses are configured based on address configuration lines, the address configuration lines are led out from the CPU module of the PLC to the first extended IO module, the first extended IO module leads out an address configuration line to the second extended IO module, and so on.
When the configuration is started, the CPU module of the PLC sends a broadcast to clear configuration addresses of all slave machines, then the CPU module sets an address configuration line led out from the CPU module to be at a high level, namely, the address configuration line of the first expansion IO module is at the high level, so that when the CPU module sends a command for configuring the address, the first expansion IO module checks whether the address configuration line and the address are configured or not after receiving the command, if the address configuration line is at the high level and the address is not configured, the address of the CPU module is set, then a response is sent to the CPU module, and the address configuration line of the second expansion IO module is set to be at the high level.
And then the configuration modes of the second expansion IO module and the third expansion IO module are the same as that of the first expansion IO module.
After the configuration address is completed, the CPU module of the PLC as a host can send data to a specific slave and complete data communication with the slave.
The structure of the communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module is shown in fig. 2, and includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, a data and a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) field, wherein,
the start identifier field is used to determine the start of the data frame, and the start position of the communication data frame can be determined by two ways, one is that the first byte received is determined as the start position, and the other is by determining a fixed start identifier. The second method is adopted in the embodiment to increase the reliability of communication and reduce the interference caused by unstable data link.
The slave address field is used for identifying slave addresses related to the communication, the communication is initiated by the host in the embodiment, and all the slaves of data sent by the host receive the data due to the characteristics of the RS485, so that the slaves need to distinguish whether the received data is addressed to the slaves, and therefore, one slave address is needed for judging a destination address of the data; similarly, when the slave responds, the slave needs to fill the slave address into the field so that the master can determine the source address of the received data. And the FF is filled in the address field of the slave machine during broadcasting, and all the slave machines receive the message.
The command field is used to identify the role of the message, for configuring addresses, reading or writing data, etc.
The data length is used to identify the length of data in a data frame, and the length of the field is only one byte, so that a maximum of 255 data can be provided in one communication.
The CRC field is used to check the entire communication data frame to ensure the correctness of the data, and in this embodiment, a two-byte CRC is used for checking.
The following describes a specific implementation flow of the method for implementing a small PLC bus according to the present invention with reference to a specific embodiment.
Firstly, a CPU module of the PLC sends a communication frame for clearing configuration address data in a broadcasting mode, an extended IO module of the PLC clears the configuration address after receiving the communication frame, and the purpose of doing so is to initialize the extended IO module of the PLC.
Then, the CPU module of the PLC sets the address configuration line to be at a high level, broadcasts and sends a configuration address command, the configuration address value is 1, the first expansion IO module behind the CPU module receives data check and finds that the address configuration line is at the high level and the address is not configured, sets the address of the first expansion IO module to be 1, sends a response frame, and sets the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module to be at the high level.
And then, the CPU module broadcasts and sends a configuration address command, the configuration address is 2, the second expansion IO module configures the address bit of the second expansion IO module as the first expansion IO module, the next address configuration line is set to be a high level, and the addresses of all the expansion IO modules are configured according to the method. And finally, the CPU module carries out data communication with each expansion IO module according to the address.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for implementing a small PLC bus comprises a CPU module and a plurality of expansion IO modules, wherein the CPU module and the expansion IO modules are connected by adopting a bus type topology structure,
the CPU module is provided with a serial communication interface and an address configuration line;
each expansion IO module except the last expansion IO module is provided with a serial communication interface and two address configuration lines, the serial communication interface of each expansion IO module is connected with the serial communication interface of the adjacent CPU module or expansion IO module, one address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module or CPU module and used for detecting the level, and the other address configuration line is connected with the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module and used for providing the configuration level for the next expansion IO module.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the last expansion IO module has a serial communication interface and an address configuration line, the serial communication interface is connected to the serial communication interface of the previous expansion IO module, and the address configuration line is connected to the address configuration line of the previous expansion IO module and is configured to detect the level.
3. The system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the serial communication interface is an RS485 interface.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein a communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, data, and a CRC field.
5. The system according to claim 4, wherein when the CPU module broadcasts a message to each extended IO module, the slave address field is set to FF, and all extended IO modules can receive the message broadcasted by the CPU module; and when each expansion IO module sends a response to the CPU module, each expansion IO module sets the address field of the slave to be the address of the expansion IO module.
6. A method for realizing a small PLC bus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the CPU module sends broadcast to each expansion IO module through a serial communication interface, and configuration addresses of all the expansion IO modules are cleared, wherein the CPU module is connected with all the expansion IO modules by adopting a bus type topological structure;
the CPU module sets an address configuration line of the CPU module to be at a high level, so that the address configuration line of a first expansion IO module connected with the CPU module is at the high level, and sends a configuration address command to the first expansion IO module connected with the CPU module, the first expansion IO module checks whether the address configuration line and an address are configured, if the address configuration line is at the high level and the address is not configured, the CPU module configures an address of the CPU module, then sends a response to the CPU module, and sets the address configuration line of a second expansion IO module to be at the high level;
for each expansion IO module behind the first expansion IO module, receiving a configuration address command sent by the previous expansion IO module, checking whether an address configuration line and an address are configured or not, if the address configuration line is high level and the address is not configured, configuring the address of the expansion IO module, sending a response to the CPU module, and setting the address configuration line of the next expansion IO module to be high level until the address configuration of all the expansion IO modules is completed;
and the CPU module is used as a host to carry out data communication with each expansion IO module as a slave according to the address.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the serial communication interface is an RS485 interface.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein a communication data frame transmitted between the CPU module and the extended IO module includes a start identifier, a slave address, a command, a data length, data, and a CRC field.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein when the CPU module broadcasts a message to each of the extended IO modules, the slave address field is set to FF, and all the extended IO modules can receive the message broadcasted by the CPU module.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein each extended IO module sets the slave address field to its own address when it sends a response to the CPU module.
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Application publication date: 20210507 |