CN101142934A - Greenhouse type airing room for making raisin - Google Patents

Greenhouse type airing room for making raisin Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101142934A
CN101142934A CNA2007101764525A CN200710176452A CN101142934A CN 101142934 A CN101142934 A CN 101142934A CN A2007101764525 A CNA2007101764525 A CN A2007101764525A CN 200710176452 A CN200710176452 A CN 200710176452A CN 101142934 A CN101142934 A CN 101142934A
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China
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room
air
drying
greenhouse
roof
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CNA2007101764525A
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汪政富
胡小松
吴继红
范婷婷
李玲玲
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/85Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying

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Abstract

The invention discloses a greenhouse-typed air drying room for grape drying and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The technical proposal comprises a wall body and a roof and the invention is characterized in that the wall body and the roof are the sealed structure and a split-typed heat pump is arranged in the room; the external layer of the wall body and the roof of the air drying room adopts hollow double-layer solar greenhouse plastic film, or a hollow sunshine board or a double-layer glass and the internal layer adopts a black breathable shade net. The invention not only increases the temperature and temperature uniformity of the air drying room, but also controls the maximum temperature and reduces relative humidity of air in the room, and therefore, the drying rate is greatly improved, the grape drying time is shortened, the grape browning rate is reduced and the quality of the raisin product is improved.

Description

A kind of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, belong to technical field of agricultural product process.
Background technology
Xinjiang thompson seedless grape cultivated area is wide, output is high, and the grape of production all is used for aired dried grapes except that marketing fresh.Raisins have very high nutritive value, and every 100g raisins can provide the 305kcal heat, contain vitamin B1, B2 and several mineral materials, and the proof raisins are conducive to the physical development of children in the medical treatment, treatment pyreticosis and kidney, liver disease etc.Calendar year 2001 to 2005 year, world's raisins foreign trade is obvious ascendant trend, and China imports and exports and all is in the prostatitis.From nutrition and economic angle, the processing raisins have good prospect.
In the prior art, with the immediate making raisin technology of the present invention be: 1. Xinjiang region is generally utilized the tradition dried grape of room system that dries in the air; 2007201036349.1), the heat collection type making raisin room (application number: 2007201036348.7) that dries in the air 2. utility model patent-greenhouse type agricultural product solar energy drying facility of applying in earlier stage of the applicant (application number:.
Mainly there is following problem in dry in the air room and greenhouse type airing room making raisin of tradition:
(1) traditional drying technics, process technology and facility, drying time is long
At present, it mainly is that to carry out nature in the room that dries in the air of tracery wall formula drying that Xinjiang grape system is done, the conditionally completes such as temperature in the room, wind speed and humidity that dry in the air are influenced by extraneous natural climate condition, can not carry out the artificial control of the best, the drying time is longer, generally reaches two months, runs into overcast and rainy season, even take place to go rotten, the drying time is longer.Greatly reduced the economic benefit of raisins.
(2) brown stain is serious in the drying process, and the raisins product quality is low, lacks competitiveness
In very long drying process, brown stain can take place in raisins gradually, and along with the prolongation of drying time, brown stain is serious more.Except that the green level of Turfan Prefecture product rate is higher (more than 60%), Hami and field two regional manufactured goods medium green level product rates extremely low (below 35%).Owing to the room production of drying in the air in tracery wall formula tradition, a large amount of dust and the bacteriums of raisins surface meeting enrichment, the organoleptic indicator of raisins, nutritive index, sanitary index, safety index all do not reach the requirement of international market.This not only influences the characteristic of this product, also greatly influences the commodity value of product, causes lacking competitiveness in the world, influences the sustainable and stable development of Xinjiang grape industry.
(3) temperature and humidity skewness makes rate of drying inhomogeneous, can not adapt to suitability for industrialized production
Greenhouse type airing room is because ventilation condition is poor, and room air does not circulate, and daytime, many in the southeast corner sunlight incident in greenhouse, the sunshine-duration was long by shining upon accumulation of heat, and temperature is higher, and does not almost have sunlight incident in the northwest corner, and temperature is very low; Also because hot-air floats naturally, near the head temperature height, bottom temp is low; Density is big because grape hangs, and air does not have forced circulation, and the middle part temperature is also lower.Thereby, cause the grape drying at southeast corner top the fastest, and the grape rate of drying of northwest corner is significantly less than southeast corner, two places approximately differed about 15 days when reaching final same dried moisture, and the hydrofuge condition is poor, the relative air humidity that dries in the air in the room is higher always, has greatly restricted the drying efficiency and the dry mass of greenhouse type airing room.
Summary of the invention
At the above-mentioned deficiency of the dry in the air room and the greenhouse type airing room of making raisin prior art-traditional, the objective of the invention is to provide a kind of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, and making raisin overlong time, raisins brown stain are serious to solve, the problem of hygienic quality difference; Not only to improve the making raisin temperature, shorten the drying time, and will solve greenhouse type airing room temperature, humidity uniformity problem, make greenhouse type airing room adapt to the suitability for industrialized production needs.
Comprise in order to reach the technical scheme that purpose of the present invention takes: body of wall, roof, it is characterized in that described body of wall and roof are the seal structure, in the room, be provided with split type heat pump.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, the double-deck heliogreenhouse plastics of body of wall and the roof outer employing hollow film in the room that dries in the air, or use the hollow sunlight board, or double glazing, internal layer adopts the ventilative sunshade net of black.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, in the roof portion of drying in the air fan is installed, to canyon.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, be provided with the humiture automatic control system.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, in the room that dries in the air, also be provided with dehumidifier.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, the evaporimeter of split type heat pump is installed in the roof portion of drying in the air, dehumidifier is installed in the middle part in the room that dries in the air.
In the above-mentioned greenhouse type airing room for making raisin, condenser the place ahead of split type heat pump is provided with baffle plate.
Major advantage of the present invention is:
(1) adopts double-deck hollow plastic insulation film (or hollow sunlight board, or double glazing) and seal, greatly utilized solar energy, improved the room temperature of drying in the air, compare with traditional tracery wall formula room and common ventilation greenhouse room that dries in the air that dries in the air, the solar energy that make to obtain can not dry in the air the room owing to ventilation, exhaust are lost as dry in the air room or ventilation greenhouse of tracery wall formula, especially heat pump, dehumidifier and blower fan work are emitted heat and are aided with seal again, improved the nocturnal temperature in the room that dries in the air greatly, thereby improved rate of drying greatly, shortened drying time;
(2) cover the sunshade film and adopted temperature, humidity automatic control technology owing to inner, avoided directly tanning by the sun of sunlight, reduced local maximum temperature, and the shortening of drying time, make grape because the brown stain that exposure in sunshine and high temperature cause has obtained effective control, thereby increased the green product rate of raisins;
(3) operation of heat pump, blower fan and dehumidifier can be heated for the room that dries in the air, and is especially especially outstanding at night and overcast and rainy this advantage; Because heat pump and dehumidifier all adopt contrary Carnot cycle, and heating function is arranged again when drying, its Energy Efficiency Ratio is generally about 3, thereby improves greatly than the direct heating technique Energy Efficiency Ratio of general resistance wire, thereby improves the energy economy benefit of system.
(4) owing to adopted machine, heat pump against the wind, make uniformity of temperature profile in the greenhouse, raisins total quality and the uniformity of drying time have been guaranteed, and seal makes dry run not be subjected to the influence of extraneous natural climate condition with the technology of drying, drying in the air has kept minimum air humidity in the room forever, and these characteristics have reached drying technics to satisfy need of industrial production.
(5) room because the employing closed is dried in the air, prevented the intrusion of extraneous dust, prevented that also the moisture that causes rainy day from entering, temperature reduction and mildew and rot, and the low humidity of air in the room because the raising of temperature and maintenance are dried in the air has improved the dry mass transfer power of grape, has accelerated rate of drying, shortened the drying time, thereby reduced breeding time and the probability of enrichment of raisins surface dirt and bacterium, also shortened the grape brown stain time, thereby can improve the making raisin quality.
So, the present invention has not only improved the room temperature of drying in the air, room temperature homogeneity has everywhere guaranteed to dry in the air, and controlled maximum temperature and reduced the relative humidity of air in the room that dries in the air, thereby improved rate of drying greatly, shorten the making raisin time, reduced the browning rate of grape, improved the quality of raisins product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the plan structure schematic diagram of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the right TV structure schematic diagram of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is annexation and the control principle figure between each parts of Temperature and Humidity Control of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in the figure, 1 is the evaporimeter of heat pump, and 2 are machine against the wind, and 3 is dehumidifier, and 4 is pillar, and 5 is heat pump condenser, and 6 is building enclosure, and promptly body of wall adds the roof.
Improving the room temperature of drying in the air is to shorten the making raisin time, reduces the key of grape brown stain.The present invention at first adopts the closure heliogreenhouse to replace traditional tracery wall formula gravity-flow ventilation room that dries in the air, this point also is different from similar with it bottom and the greenhouse type airing room in air port is opened at the top, and the seal outer double-deck heliogreenhouse plastics films (being different from outer monofilm of the prior art) of hollow that adopt of room building enclosure that dry in the air, or use the hollow sunlight board, or double glazing, internal layer adopts the ventilative sunshade net of black, can absorb solar energy to greatest extent daytime, can reduce the thermal loss in the room that dries in the air night to greatest extent, thereby the higher temperature in the room that guaranteed to dry in the air in 24 hours has improved rate of drying greatly;
The second, for greenhouse type airing room temperature, humidity non-uniformity problem, the present invention adopts split type heat pump that the heat in the hot-air at southeast corner top, greenhouse is pumped into the lowest temperature place, room of drying in the air.The condenser of heat pump (temperature end) is arranged in the ground, northwest corner, room of drying in the air, and the evaporimeter of split type heat pump (low-temperature end) is suspended on the room southeast corner that dries in the air near drying in the air roof portion.The temperature end of split type heat pump and low-temperature end all by whole erection in the inside, room of drying in the air (be different from heat pump one end at an indoor end at outdoor traditional mounting means), heat pump plays temperature adjustment simultaneously in the room that dries in the air, dry and heat triple role.And, in the roof portion of drying in the air blower fan is installed, to canyon (being different from the external air draft that makes progress of the prior art), so just can make force air circulation in the room that dries in the air, reach humiture and evenly distribute.
The 3rd, for the seal hydrofuge problem in the room of drying in the air, the present invention adopts heat pump and dehumidifier to dry.Because moisture mainly concentrates on the roof portion of drying in the air, adopt split type heat pump that the evaporimeter of heat pump is installed in the roof portion of drying in the air, can improve dehumidification efficiency, make full use of the heat pump advantage of drying.Because dehumidifier is generally cabinet type structure, dehumidifier can be installed in the middle of the room that dries in the air, play the auxiliary effect of drying in the room central bottom of drying in the air.The moisture that dehumidifier and heat pump are discharged is discharged into outdoor with conduit, the moisture that making raisin produces constantly can be got rid of like this, thereby be made the humidity of air in the room that dries in the air remain on an optimum level.
The 4th, heat pump, blower fan and dehumidifier all adopt automatic control technology.This automaton comprises recording instrument without paper (interior dress relay and AD converter), A.C. contactor, and sensor (temperature, moisture measurement probe) and load (blower fan, dehumidifier etc.) realize automation control.More than each parts all can purchase and the standard connection mode is arranged from market, annexation between each parts and control principle are as shown in Figure 5.The control flow of system is as follows:
(1) by sensor measurement data is passed to recording instrument without paper by the variation pattern of the signal of telecommunication.
(2) recording instrument without paper carries out A/D conversion with the signal of telecommunication and compares with the control desired value that sets in advance.
(3) when signal value during greater than target control value, the recording instrument without paper output voltage signal drives the relay adhesive.
(4) relay is opened A.C. contactor and is driven the load (as: blower fan, dehumidifier etc.) that is driven and carry out work
(5) when temperature or humidity are got back to regime values, relay disconnects, and load quits work.
Therefore, when humidity was higher than higher limit, dehumidifier was started working automatically, and when humidity was lower than lower limit, dehumidifier was closed down automatically; When the highest and the minimum point temperature difference in the greenhouse reached setting value, heat pump was started working automatically, and when the temperature difference during less than setting value, heat pump is closed down automatically; When the roof portion temperature of drying in the air reaches setting value, open the blower fan on roof, close this blower fan when being lower than setting value,, thereby reach the unmanned purpose of control automatically by recording instrument without paper control.
The 5th, the room because the employing closed is dried in the air, prevented the intrusion of extraneous dust, prevented that also the moisture that causes rainy day from entering, temperature reduces and goes rotten, and because heat pump, blower fan, dehumidifier work liberated heat all remains on the inside, room of drying in the air, thereby the room temperature of drying in the air is improved greatly, and the low humidity of air in the room that keeps drying in the air, improved the dry mass transfer power of grape, accelerate rate of drying, shortened the drying time, thereby reduced breeding time and the probability of enrichment of raisins surface dirt and bacterium, also shorten the grape brown stain time, thereby can improve the making raisin quality.
In the construction in the room that originally dries in the air, at first, build the building enclosure of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin.
The building enclosure main body of greenhouse type airing room for making raisin is the frame structure of cube or cuboid or arch, and inner is the grape clothes hanger or the post that dries in the air.The double-deck hollow transparent insulating plastic pipe film of the outer covering of frame structure, plastic foil is imbedded in the soil around building enclosure, or uses the hollow sunlight board, or double glazing replaces double-deck hollow plastic film.Set up the ventilative sunshade film of black between grape clothes hanger or dry in the air post and the outer double-deck hollow insulation film (or hollow sunlight board, or double glazing), two interlayers have certain clearance, play the effect that thermal-arrest heats.
The western trend of the landlord of drying in the air, main body framework is made of column and crossbeam, and the column overall appearance constitutes the frame structure of cuboid or square or arch.The column height unanimity of main body framework, every row's column quantity is identical, and is fixing, and by reaching north in the south every one meter one row's column, at least three arrange, and middle standing pillar can be used for holding the grape clothes hanger, leaves passage all around.The column top is a crossbeam, and the top, house can be flat-top, arch or triangle framework, and when pushing up for triangle, the heating surface roof should be that twenties degree are advisable to, gradient towards Due South.Stud materials can be selected timber, bamboo, metal or concrete for use.
The inner every row's column in room that dries in the air is fixed rectangular bamboo skin or iron from top to bottom every about 35cm, will lack bamboo pole or iron then and take and be placed between every row's column, and can hanging grape, to carry out gravity-flow ventilation drying.
Secondly, in the room that dries in the air, arrange heat pump, machine and dehumidifier against the wind.
Adopt the vertical industrial dehumidifier of moisture removal, be placed on the center, room of drying in the air, help organizing air-flow and the raising effect of drying in 7kg water/h left and right sides blowing.
Can adopt 1 of heat pump about refrigeration work consumption 3500W, the evaporator end of heat pump hangs over the southeast corner in the room that dries in the air and the line place, diagonal angle of northwest corner, and the evaporimeter top gets final product with the grape highest point is concordant, and the airflow blow direction is from the north-westward southeast; Condenser one end of heat pump can be arranged in from the northwest corner, bottom, room of drying in the air, and the airflow blow direction is opposite with evaporimeter, and places baffle plate in condenser the place ahead, and air-flow is moved upward.Air-flow in the room that dries in the air is formed from bottom-top, northwest corner-loop of southeast corner top-southeast corner bottom-bottom, northwest corner.
In the roof portion of drying in the air, four machines (in actual production, the number of blower fan can be determined as required) against the wind that evenly distribute blow vertically downward, and air quantity is at 20m 3/ minute about get final product, blower fan is fixed on the skeleton of top by batten or wire, is moved by the relay control switch in the recording instrument without paper.
At last, grape is gone into frame, the system of drying in the air.
According to traditional approach, grape can carry out the drying promoter preliminary treatment before going into frame, hangs in the room that dries in the air.
Applicating example:
At first, build the hermetic type room that dries in the air:
The raisin enclosed type room floor space 7 * 5m that dries in the air 2Select materials such as timber, transparent double-layer plastic foil, black nylon sunshade net for use.Need 48 on column altogether, the high 4.5m of every root post, every row's 8 root posts of East and West direction 6 are arranged altogether, and every root post and every row's spacing are 1m.Behind the vertical columns position, cost crossbeam, flat-top.Internal layer covers black nylon sunshade net, the outer blue film in double-deck transparent greenhouse, the ectonexine spacing top 2-3cm of covering; Side 50-60cm all around.Imbed in the soil around the greenhouse bottom plastic film, reach airtight effect.To grow the bamboo skin with iron wire and be fixed on every row's column, long bamboo skin will be lacked bamboo pole and ride between per two row's columns between the upper and lower every 30cm, and can hanging grape, to carry out gravity-flow ventilation drying, and slot milling is placed plant equipment in the middle of noting.
Then, carry out plant equipment and arrange installation:
Setting side blowing dehumidifier is one in the middle of the room that dries in the air, and industrial dehumidifier moisture removal is 168 liters/day, 3800W, air circulation 2100m 3, humidity control automatic setting, humidity inductive precision 1%, this example is set at relative humidity 39%, the full-computerized automatic control switch, the moisture that dehumidifier is got rid of is drawn in outdoor drainage ditch or the bucket by plastic flexible pipe.
Roof portion central point arranges that spacing dimension 4m * 2m evenly installs exhaust air rate and is respectively 19.5m to dry in the air 3/ minute 4 downward air drafts of exhaust blower, power of fan is 45W, four typhoon machines are connected with recording instrument without paper, the fan switch temperature threshold value is set at 36 ℃, is controlled by the relay in the recorder.
The condenser of heat pump (temperature end) is arranged in ground, northwest corner, greenhouse, and evaporator with heat pump (low-temperature end) is suspended on southeast corner near the top, greenhouse, and this example adopts refrigerating capacity 3500W, the heat pump of power 2P.Each instrument and equipment layout and greenhouse structure are as shown in Figure 1.
Temperature, humidity and wind speed automatic monitoring system are by a recording instrument without paper, (one is arranged in the condenser rear to 2 temp probes, one is arranged in the evaporimeter rear), a moisture probe (is arranged in the middle, greenhouse, the dehumidifier back), (one is arranged under the southeast corner fan two wind speed probes, measuring vertical direction wind speed, one is arranged in condenser the place ahead and measures the horizontal direction wind speed) and electric cabinet (the interior dress A.C. contactor) composition of a gauge tap blower fan even load, temp probe is the Pt100 sensor, and precision is at ± 0.1 ℃; The wind speed probe is hot-wire anemometer (EE65-VB5), range 0-20 m/s, precision ± 5%; Moisture probe is the heat capacity type humidity sensor, precision ± 2%.The A.C. contactor specification adopts 220V, and 10A gets final product.Recording instrument without paper is placed in the electric cabinet or is placed on 30cm place, dehumidifier next door and gets final product.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to the explanation technical solution of the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a greenhouse type airing room for making raisin comprises body of wall, roof, it is characterized in that, described body of wall and roof are the seal structure, is provided with split type heat pump in the room.
2. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the double-deck heliogreenhouse plastics of body of wall and the roof outer employing hollow film in the room that dries in the air, or use the hollow sunlight board, or double glazing, internal layer adopts the ventilative sunshade net of black.
3. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the roof portion of drying in the air blower fan is installed, to canyon.
4. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is provided with the humiture automatic control system in the room that dries in the air.
5. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with dehumidifier in the room that dries in the air.
6. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the evaporimeter of split type heat pump is installed in the roof portion of drying in the air, and dehumidifier is installed in the middle part in the room that dries in the air.
7. greenhouse type airing room for making raisin according to claim 1 is characterized in that, condenser the place ahead of split type heat pump is provided with baffle plate.
CNA2007101764525A 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Greenhouse type airing room for making raisin Pending CN101142934A (en)

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CNA2007101764525A CN101142934A (en) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Greenhouse type airing room for making raisin

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNA2007101764525A CN101142934A (en) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Greenhouse type airing room for making raisin

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CN101142934A true CN101142934A (en) 2008-03-19

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105595236A (en) * 2015-10-20 2016-05-25 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 Raisin production method for changing appearance characteristics and flavor of raisins
CN111772128A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-16 西北农林科技大学 Preparation method of wine grape dried fruit thinning and removing fruit
CN112515204A (en) * 2020-10-01 2021-03-19 吕承胜 Drying method for fresh grapes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105595236A (en) * 2015-10-20 2016-05-25 新疆农业科学院农产品贮藏加工研究所 Raisin production method for changing appearance characteristics and flavor of raisins
CN105595236B (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-11-26 新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所 A kind of drying method processed changing raisins external appearance characteristic and its flavor
CN111772128A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-16 西北农林科技大学 Preparation method of wine grape dried fruit thinning and removing fruit
CN112515204A (en) * 2020-10-01 2021-03-19 吕承胜 Drying method for fresh grapes
CN112515204B (en) * 2020-10-01 2022-08-12 吕承胜 Drying method for fresh grapes

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Open date: 20080319