CN101138148B - 驱动单元和包括该驱动单元的车辆 - Google Patents

驱动单元和包括该驱动单元的车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101138148B
CN101138148B CN2006800080067A CN200680008006A CN101138148B CN 101138148 B CN101138148 B CN 101138148B CN 2006800080067 A CN2006800080067 A CN 2006800080067A CN 200680008006 A CN200680008006 A CN 200680008006A CN 101138148 B CN101138148 B CN 101138148B
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rotary electric
electric apparatus
motor
power
driver element
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CN101138148A (zh
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梅村厚
水谷龙彦
柳田英治
泷泽敬次
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

本发明涉及一种驱动单元及包括该驱动单元的车辆。第一电机(MG1)和第二电机(MG2)容纳在壳体(CS)中，动力分配-集成机构(30)和减速齿轮(35)设置在第一电机和第二电机之间。第一电机(MG1)和第二电机(MG2)每个都由定子(ST1，ST2)和转子(RT1，RT2)组装而成，定子(ST1，ST2)通过叠置由相同材料制成并具有相同结构和相同直径的定子构件(92)形成，转子(RT1，RT2)通过叠置由相同材料制成并具有相同结构和相同直径的转子构件(94)形成，使得定子(ST1，ST2)和转子(RT1，RT2)的厚度对应于需要从电机(MG1，MG2)输出的动力。从而能够减少构成第一电机(MG1)和第二电机(MG2)的部件种类，并提高组装和生产第一电机(MG1)和第二电机(MG2)的效率。

Description

驱动单元和包括该驱动单元的车辆
技术领域
本发明整体上涉及一种驱动单元和包括该驱动单元的车辆，更具体而言，涉及包括用于输出不同量动力(功率，power)的多个旋转电气装置的驱动单元，并涉及包括这种驱动单元的车辆。
背景技术
日本专利申请公报No.JP-A-2000-102108描述了包括发动机和两个旋转电气装置的驱动单元。在这种驱动单元中，两个旋转电气装置之中的一个主要用作发电机，而另一个旋转电气装置主要用作电动机。
如上所述，多个旋转电气装置用于不同的目的，因而具有不同的特性。因此，必须选择适于各个旋转电气装置的功能的不同定子和转子。由此，各个旋转电气装置需要与其他旋转电气装置的部件不同的部件，并且需要准备各种部件来组装多个旋转电气装置。结果，部件的种类增加，降低了组装和生产旋转电气装置的效率。
发明内容
根据本发明构造了驱动单元和包括该驱动单元的车辆，以减少构成输出不同量动力的旋转电气装置(电动机和/或发电机)的部件种类，并提高组装和生产旋转电气装置的效率。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种驱动单元，其包括用于输出不同量动力的多个旋转电气装置。所述多个旋转电气装置之中的至少两个的部分构造是根据相同的设计规格制成的。
在根据第一方面的驱动单元中，多个旋转电气装置之中的至少两个的部分构造是根据相同的设计规格制成的。因此，能够减少构成多个旋转电气装置的部件种类，并能够提高组装和生产旋转电气装置的效率。
在根据第一方面的驱动单元中，每个旋转电气装置可以包括定子和转子，所述定子和转子是通过分别叠置具有相同直径的多个定子构件和转子构件来形成的。此外，所述多个定子构件和转子构件分别可以由相同的材料制成并分别具有相同的结构。因为多个旋转电气装置之中的每个都可以使用分别由相同的材料制成并分别具有相同结构的相同定子构件和转子构件来组装，因此能够减少构成多个旋转电气装置的部件种类。此外，因为大量生产相同的构件，所以能够以高精度来生产构件。
在根据第一方面的驱动单元中，尽管旋转电气装置可以具有相同的定子构件和转子构件——这些定子构件和转子构件分别具有相同的直径、结构和材料组成，但是各个旋转电气装置可以具有不同数量的定子构件和不同数量的转子构件。从而，旋转电气装置输出不同量的动力。由于包括在旋转电气装置中的定子构件的数量和转子构件的数量上的不同，旋转电气装置可以输出不同量的动力。
在根据第一方面的驱动单元中，至少两个旋转电气装置可以容纳在单件式箱体内。因为多个旋转电气装置容纳在单件式箱体内，所以与将不具有相同主要构造的多个旋转电气装置容纳在单件式箱体内不同，可以简化壳体的结构。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种车辆，其包括根据第一方面的驱动单元，也就是包括输出不同量动力的多个旋转电气装置的驱动单元，其中所述多个旋转电气装置之中至少两个的部分构造是根据相同的设计规格制成的。
根据第二方面的车辆包括根据第一方面的驱动单元。由此，根据第二方面的车辆可以产生与根据第一方面的驱动单元所产生的效果相同的效果。例如，对于根据第二方面的车辆，能够减少构成多个旋转电气装置的部件种类，并能够提高组装和生产旋转电气装置的效率。
在根据第二方面的车辆中，旋转电气装置可以包括用于向第一轮轴输出动力的第一旋转电气装置和用于向第二轮轴输出动力的第二旋转电气装置。
根据第一方面的驱动单元还可以包括连接到三个轴上的三轴式动力传输装置，这三个轴是能够接收并输出动力的输入轴、能够输出动力的驱动轴以及旋转轴。三轴式动力传输装置基于输入到所述三个轴之中的两个轴和从所述两个轴输出的动力来向剩余轴输出动力。旋转电气装置包括向旋转轴输入动力的第一旋转电气装置和向驱动轴输入动力的第二旋转电气装置。此外，三轴式动力传输装置可以设置在第一旋转电气装置和第二旋转电气装置之间，并且三轴式动力传输装置、第一旋转电气装置和第二旋转电气装置可以容纳在单件式箱体内。由此，可以将驱动单元制造得紧凑，并能够更容易地例如安装在车辆中。此外，第二旋转电气装置可以经由减速齿轮连接到驱动轴，并且减速齿轮可以设置在三轴式动力传输装置和第二旋转电气装置之间。在这种情况下，“减速齿轮”的示例包括可以改变换档速度的减速齿轮以及不改变换档速度的另一个减速齿轮和增速齿轮。
本发明的第三方面涉及一种车辆，其包括内燃机和根据第一方面并进一步包括三轴式动力传输装置的驱动单元。根据第三方面，内燃机的输出轴连接到输入轴上，并且轮轴连接到驱动轴上。此外，驱动单元包括输出不同量动力的多个旋转电气装置，多个旋转电气装置中至少两个的部分构造是根据相同的设计规格制成的。驱动单元还可以包括上述的三轴式动力传输装置。
根据第三方面的车辆包括根据第一方面的驱动单元，该驱动单元包括三轴式动力传输装置。由此，根据第三方面的车辆能够与根据第一方面并进一步包括三轴式动力传输装置的驱动单元产生相同的效果。例如，对于根据第三方面的车辆，能够减少构成多个旋转电气装置的部件种类。这提高了组装和生产旋转电气装置的效率。由此，也能够将驱动单元制造得紧凑，使得驱动单元能够容易地安装在车辆中。
根据第三方面的车辆还可以包括第三旋转电气装置，该第三旋转电气装置的部分构造是根据与第一和第二旋转电气装置的部分构造相同的设计规格制成的，并且用于向与连接至驱动轴的轮轴不同的轮轴输出动力。此外，旋转电气装置可以是第一旋转电气装置、第二旋转电气装置和第三旋转电气装置中的任意两个。
附图说明
当结合附图考虑时，通过阅读对本发明示例性实施例的以下详细描述，将更好地理解本发明的特征、优点及其技术和工业意义，附图中：
图1示意性地示出包括根据本发明一实施例的驱动单元的混合动力车辆20的构造；
图2示出根据该实施例的驱动单元的构造示例；
图3示意性地示出定子构件92的构造；
图4示意性地示出转子构件94的构造；
图5的曲线图示出根据该实施例的电机MG1和MG2的输出特性示例；
图6示意性地示出根据该实施例的一个变型示例的混合动力车辆120的构造；
图7示意性地示出根据该实施例的另一个变型示例的车辆220的构造。
具体实施方式
在以下的描述和附图中，将针对示例性实施例更详细地描述本发明。
图1示意性地示出包括根据本发明一实施例的驱动单元的混合动力车辆20的构造。如图1所示，混合动力车辆20包括：发动机22；行星齿轮组30；电机MG1；电机MG2；电机MG3；和用于混合动力车辆的电子控制单元70(以下简称为“混合动力ECU 70”)。用于发动机的电子控制单元24(以下简称为“发动机ECU 24”)进行发动机22的工作控制，例如燃料喷射控制、点火控制和进气量调节控制。行星齿轮组30的使小齿轮33旋转的行星架34经由阻尼器28连接到用作发动机22输出轴的曲轴26，行星齿轮组30的齿圈32经由连接齿轮60和差速齿轮单元61连接到前轮62a和62b的轮轴。电机MG1连接到行星齿轮组30的太阳轮31上并能产生电力。电机MG2通过由行星齿轮组形成的减速齿轮35连接到行星齿轮组30的齿圈32。电机MG3经由差速齿轮单元63连接到后轮64a和64b的轮轴。混合动力ECU 70控制整个混合动力车辆20。
电机MG1、MG2和MG3中的每个都是已知的同步发电电动机，它们可以用作发电机也可以用作电动机。电机MG1、MG2和MG3分别经由逆变器41、42和43供应有来自电池50的电力，电池50由用于电池的电子控制单元52(以下简称为“电池ECU 52”)来控制。用于电机的电子控制单元40(以下简称为“电机ECU 40”)控制逆变器41、42和43的切换元件(未示出)的ON/OFF状态，由此分别控制电机MG1、MG2和MG3。电机ECU 40接收用于控制电机MG1、MG2和MG3所需的信号，例如来自分别检测电机MG1、MG2和MG3的转子旋转位置的旋转位置检测传感器44、45和46的信号，和表示供应至电机MG1、MG2和MG3并由电流传感器(未示出)检测出的相电流的信号。电机ECU 40向逆变器41、42和43输出切换控制信号。电机ECU 40与混合动力ECU 70进行通信。电机ECU 40根据来自混合动力ECU 70的控制信号来控制电机MG1、MG2和MG3，并根据需要将与电机MG1、MG2和MG3的工作状态相关的数据传输到混合动力ECU 70。
混合动力ECU 70是一个微处理器，其主要包括CPU 72。除了CPU 72，混合动力ECU 70还包括储存处理程序的ROM 74、临时储存数据的RAM76、输入端口(未示出)、输出端口(未示出)和通信端口(未示出)。混合动力ECU 70经由输入端口接收以下信号：来自点火开关80的点火信号；来自检测变速杆81位置的档位传感器82的表示档位SP的信号；来自检测加速踏板83操作量的加速踏板位置传感器84的表示加速踏板操作量Acc的信号；来自检测制动踏板85操作量的制动踏板位置传感器86的表示制动踏板位置BP的信号；来自车速传感器88的表示车速V的信号；如此之类。如上所述，混合动力ECU 70经由通信端口与发动机ECU 24、电机ECU 40和电池ECU 52进行通信。混合动力ECU 70与发动机ECU24、电机ECU 40和电池ECU 52交换各种控制信号和数据。
在根据本实施例构造的混合动力车辆20中，应当从车辆输出的需求转矩是基于加速踏板操作量Acc——其对应于驾驶员对加速踏板83的操作量——和车速V来计算的，并且发动机22以及电机MG1、MG2和MG3被控制为使得从其输出与需求转矩相对应的需求动力。发动机22以及电机MG1、MG2和MG3的工作控制模式的示例包括转矩转换工作模式、充电-放电工作模式和电机工作模式。在转矩转换工作模式下，发动机22被控制为使得从发动机22输出与需求动力相对应的动力，并且电机MG1、MG2和MG3被控制成通过动力分配-集成机构30、电机MG1以及电机MG2和MG3中的一个或两个来转换从发动机22输出的整个动力的转矩，然后从其输出。在充电-放电工作模式下，发动机22被控制为使得从发动机22输出对应于需求动力与电池50充电/放电所需电力之和的动力，并且电机MG1、MG2和MG3被控制成通过动力分配-集成机构30以及电机MG1、MG2和MG3中的一者或两者来转换由于电池50的充电/放电而从发动机22输出的全部或部分动力的转矩，并且从其输出需求动力。在电机工作模式下，进行工作控制使得发动机22停止，而从电机MG2和MG3中的一个或两个输出与需求动力相对应的动力。
根据本实施例的驱动单元包括两个电机MG1和MG2、动力分配-集成机构30和减速齿轮35。根据本实施例的驱动单元的输入轴是经由阻尼器28将发动机22连接至驱动单元的曲轴26，并且用作驱动单元输出轴的驱动轴是齿圈32的旋转轴。在图1中，旋转轴被示作由虚线表示的齿圈轴32a。
图2示出了根据本实施例的驱动单元的构造示例。如图2所示，在根据本实施例的驱动单元中，电机MG1、动力分配-集成机构30、减速齿轮35和电机MG2依次从图中的右侧共轴布置在单件式箱体CS内。两个电机MG1和MG2分别包括定子ST1和ST2以及转子RT1和RT2。定子ST1和ST2中的每个通过叠置多个定子构件92来形成，如图3所示，定子构件92是通过冲压出(punch out)非定向的磁钢片来形成的。类似地，转子RT1和RT2中的每个通过叠置多个转子构件94来形成，如图4所示，转子构件94是通过冲压出非定向的磁钢片来形成的。线圈CL1和CL2分别缠绕在定子ST1和ST2上。永磁体(未示出)安装到转子RT1和RT2上。如图3所示，在定子构件92中，形成有用于缠绕线圈CL1和CL2的多个部分(lot)92a。如图4所示，在转子构件94中，形成有用于将永磁体配合到其中的多个磁体孔94a。也就是说，电机MG1和MG2通过由相同材料形成并具有相同结构的定子构件92和由相同材料形成并具有相同结构的转子构件94组装而成。
在本实施例中，电机MG1和MG2组装成使得电机MG2的定子构件92的数量和转子构件94的数量分别是电机MG1的定子构件92的数量和转子构件94的数量的1.6倍。也就是说，电机MG1和MG2组装成使得通过叠置定子构件92和转子构件94得到的定子ST2和转子RT2的厚度是通过叠置定子构件92和转子构件94得到的定子ST1和转子RT1的厚度的1.6倍。这是因为电机MG1和电机MG2的输出特性不同。在上述工作模式中的每一个下，电机MG1主要用作发电机，以调节发动机22的转速并将来自发动机22的部分动力输出到前轮62a和62b侧。另一方面，电机MG2主要作为电动机，以向前轮62a和62b侧输出动力。由此，电机MG1应当具有适于发电机的输出特性，而电机MG2应当具有适于电动机的输出特性。
图5示出根据本实施例的电机MG1和MG2的输出特性示例。在图5中，由直线A所示的范围对应于电机MG1的输出特性，由线B所示的范围对应于电机MG2的输出特性，其中线B的一部分是直线而另一部分是曲线。在本实施例中，如图5所示，在转速较低的区域，电机MG2的最大转矩大约是电机MG1的最大转矩的四倍。电机的转矩是基于转子磁通量和电流的乘积来确定的。因为电机MG1和MG2由分别具有相同直径的转子和定子组装而成，所以为了使电机MG2输出四倍于电机MG1的转矩，电机MG2的转子的表面积需要是电机MG1的转子的表面积的1.6倍。由此，电机MG2的定子ST2和转子RT2的厚度被制成是电机MG1的定子ST1和转子RT1的厚度的1.6倍。由此，具有不同输出特性的电机MG1和电机MG2能够由相同的定子构件92和相同的转子构件94组装而成。
在根据本实施例的两个电机MG1和MG2中，定子ST1和ST2可以由相同的部件(定子构件92)组装而成，并且转子RT1和RT2可以由相同的部件(转子构件94)组装而成。此外，在两个电机MG1和MG2中，线圈CL1和CL2由相同的材料制成并具有相同的横截面形状，永磁体由相同的材料制成并具有相同的横截面形状，并经过相同的表面处理。根据相同的设计规格来制造部分结构——也就是电机MG1和MG2的主要结构，减少了构成电机MG1和MG2的部件种类，并提高了组装和生产电机MG1和MG2的效率。此外，因为大量生产相同的构件，所以可以以高精度来生产构件，并且所生产的电机MG1和MG2的质量也更加稳定。此外，如图2所示，因为具有相同直径的电机MG1和MG2容纳在单件式箱体CS内而动力分配-集成机构30和减速齿轮35设置在电机MG1和MG2之间，所以可以将驱动单元制造得紧凑，并且驱动单元可以更容易地安装在车辆中。
在包括在根据上述实施例的混合动力车辆20中的驱动单元中，电机MG1和MG2的部分构造(主要构造)是根据相同的设计规格制成的。由此，减少了构成电机MG1和MG2的部件的种类，并且提高了组装和生产电机MG1和MG2的效率。此外，因为大量生产相同的构件，所以可以以高精度来生产定子构件92和转子构件94，并且所生产的电机MG1和MG2的质量也更加稳定。此外，因为电机MG1和MG2容纳在单件式箱体CS内而动力分配-集成机构30和减速齿轮35设置在电机MG1和MG2之间，所以可以将驱动单元制造得紧凑，并且驱动单元可以更容易地安装在车辆中。
在根据本实施例的驱动单元中，具有不同输出特性的电机MG1和电机MG2由相同的定子构件92、相同的转子构件94、线圈CL1和CL2以及永磁体组装而成，其中这些相同的定子构件92由相同的材料制成、具有相同的构造并具有相同的直径，这些相同的转子构件94由相同的材料制成、具有相同的构造并具有相同的直径，线圈CL1和CL2由相同的材料制成并具有相同的横截面形状，永磁体经过相同的表面处理。但是，不需要电机MG1和电机MG2中的所有这些部件都相同。例如，对于电机MG1和电机MG2中的每个，线圈CL1和CL2以及永磁体的构造可以根据具体规格制成。可替换地，对于电机MG1和电机MG2，两者的定子构件92和转子构件94可以由不同的材料制成。
根据本实施例的驱动单元包括两个电机MG1和MG2、动力分配-集成机构30和减速齿轮35，并且电机MG1和MG2容纳在单件式箱体CS内而动力分配-集成机构30和减速齿轮35设置在电机MG1和MG2之间。但是，当驱动单元包括两个电机MG1和MG2以及动力分配-集成机构30时，电机MG1和MG2可以容纳在单件式箱体CS内，动力分配-集成机构30设置在电机MG1和MG2之间。也就是说，不需要设置减速齿轮35。可替换地，代替减速齿轮35，可以设置增速齿轮或用于改变换档速度的减速齿轮。
在根据本实施例的混合动力车辆20中，电机MG1和MG2的部分构造可以根据相同的设计规格制成。此外，电机MG3的部分构造可以根据与电机MG1和MG2的部分构造相同的设计规格制成。由此，可以减少构成电机MG1、MG2和MG3的部件种类，并可以提高组装和生产电机MG1、MG2和MG3的效率。电机MG1和MG3的部分构造可以根据相同的设计规格制成，而电机MG2的构造可以根据与电机MG1和MG3的构造不同的设计规格制成。可替换地，电机MG2和MG3的部分构造可以根据相同的设计规格制成，而电机MG1的构造可以根据与电机MG2和MG3的构造不同的设计规格制成。
在根据本实施例的混合动力车辆20中，除了电机MG1和MG2，还设置有用于驱动后轮64a和64b的电机MG3。但是，电机MG3的设置是可选的。
在根据本实施例的混合动力车辆20中，来自发动机22的动力经由动力分配-集成机构30输出到连接至前轮62a和62b的齿圈32(齿圈轴32a作为驱动轴)。但是，在根据如图6所示的变型示例的混合动力车辆120中，可以设置用于转子的电动机(双转子电动机)130，其包括连接至发动机22的曲轴26的内转子132和连接至向前轮62a和62b输出动力的驱动轴的外转子134，并将来自发动机22的部分动力传递到驱动轴而将剩余的动力转化成电力。在这种情况下，电机MG2、电机MG3和用于转子的电动机130中的两个或全部的构造都根据相同的设计规格制成。
在本实施例中，本发明应用于包括发动机22以及电机MG1、MG2和MG3的混合动力车辆20中，其中电机MG1、MG2和MG3分别由逆变器41、42和43驱动。但是，本发明的应用不限于混合动力车辆。在本发明的另一个变型示例中，如图7所示，车辆220包括向前轮62a、62b输出动力的电机M1和向后轮64a、64b输出动力的电机M2，但是不包括发动机。在这种情况下，电机M1和电机M2的部分构造根据相同的设计规格制成。
在本实施例中，驱动单元安装在混合动力车辆20中。但是，驱动单元可以安装在除车辆以外的诸如船舶和航空器之类的其他移动体中。此外，驱动单元例如可以装入不可移动的施工设备中。
说明书中公开的本发明的实施例在各方面应当被认为是示意性的而非限制性的。本发明的技术范围由权利要求来限定，并且在权利要求的含义与等同范围内的所有变化都包含在其中。此外，本发明可以应用于生产驱动单元和车辆的工业中。

Claims (11)

1.一种驱动单元，包括用于输出不同量动力的多个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2，MG3)，其中所述多个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2，MG3)之中的每一个都包括通过叠置多个定子构件(92)形成的定子和通过叠置多个转子构件(94)形成的转子，所述驱动单元特征在于：
所述多个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2，MG3)之中的至少两个旋转电气装置被构造成使得所述定子包括相同形状和相同直径的定子构件(92)，所述转子包括相同形状和相同直径的转子构件(94)，并且
所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的所述定子在叠置的所述定子构件(92)的数量方面不同，所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的所述转子在叠置的所述转子构件(94)的数量方面不同，使得所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)输出不同量的动力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于：
所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的所述定子构件(92)由相同材料制成并具有相同的结构，所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的所述转子构件(94)由相同材料制成并具有相同的结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于：
所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)容纳在单件式箱体(CS)内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的驱动单元，其特征在于还包括：
连接到三个轴的三轴式动力传输装置(30)，所述三个轴是能够接收并输出动力的输入轴、能够输出动力的驱动轴以及旋转轴，所述三轴式动力传输装置(30)基于输入到所述三个轴之中的两个轴和从所述两个轴输出的动力来向剩余轴输出动力，其中
所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)包括向所述旋转轴输入动力的第一旋转电气装置(MG1)和向所述驱动轴输入动力的第二旋转电气装置(MG2)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的驱动单元，其特征在于：
所述三轴式动力传输装置(30)设置在所述第一旋转电气装置(MG1)和所述第二旋转电气装置(MG2)之间，并且所述三轴式动力传输装置(30)、所述第一旋转电气装置(MG1)和所述第二旋转电气装置(MG2)容纳在单件式箱体(CS)内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动单元，其特征在于：
所述第二旋转电气装置(MG2)经由减速齿轮(35)连接至所述驱动轴，并且
所述减速齿轮(35)设置在所述三轴式动力传输装置(30)和所述第二旋转电气装置(MG2)之间。
7.一种车辆，包括根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的驱动单元和内燃机(22)，其特征在于：
所述内燃机(22)的输出轴连接至所述输入轴，并且
轮轴连接至所述驱动轴。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述第一旋转电气装置和所述第二旋转电气装置的所述定子构件(92)由相同材料制成并具有相同的结构，所述第一旋转电气装置和所述第二旋转电气装置的所述转子构件(94)由相同材料制成并具有相同的结构，并且所述车辆还包括：
第三旋转电气装置(MG3)，其包括通过叠置与所述第一和第二旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的定子构件在形状、直径、材料和结构方面相同的多个定子构件(92)形成的定子，和通过叠置与所述第一和第二旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)的转子构件在形状、直径、材料和结构方面相同的多个转子构件(94)形成的转子，并且所述第三旋转电气装置(MG3)向与连接至所述驱动轴的所述轮轴不同的轮轴输出动力。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车辆，其特征在于：
所述至少两个旋转电气装置是所述第一旋转电气装置(MG1)、所述第二旋转电气装置(MG2)和所述第三旋转电气装置(MG3)之中的两个。
10.一种车辆，包括根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动单元，所述驱动单元用于输出动力以使所述车辆运行。
11.根据权利要求10所述的车辆，其特征在于：
所述至少两个旋转电气装置(MG1，MG2)包括用于向第一轮轴输出动力的第一旋转电气装置(MG1)和用于向不同于所述第一轮轴的第二轮轴输出动力的第二旋转电气装置(MG2)。
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WO2006097818A1 (en) 2006-09-21
CN101138148A (zh) 2008-03-05
DE602006006555D1 (de) 2009-06-10
EP1858726B1 (en) 2009-04-29
KR20070106777A (ko) 2007-11-05
KR100904968B1 (ko) 2009-06-26
EP1858726A1 (en) 2007-11-28
JP2006262553A (ja) 2006-09-28

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