CN101137763A - 易洗的烧煮表面和包含这种表面的家用电器 - Google Patents

易洗的烧煮表面和包含这种表面的家用电器 Download PDF

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CN101137763A
CN101137763A CN200680008128.6A CN200680008128A CN101137763A CN 101137763 A CN101137763 A CN 101137763A CN 200680008128 A CN200680008128 A CN 200680008128A CN 101137763 A CN101137763 A CN 101137763A
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cooking surface
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S·蒂费
A·库迪里耶
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
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    • Y10T428/12979—Containing more than 10% nonferrous elements [e.g., high alloy, stainless]

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Abstract

本发明涉及用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于这种烧煮表面是由一种合金生产的化合物，该合金的两种主要成分是锆和钴。

Description

易洗的烧煮表面和包含这种表面的家用电器
技术领域
本发明涉及烹调和烧煮(cuisson)食物用制品的领域，并且更具体地涉及这些制品与待处理食物接触的烧煮表面。
背景技术
为了使每日餐食的准备更加便利，多年来人们已经付出了巨大的努力。在这些显著的进展当中，将基于碳氟聚合物的涂层用作厨房用具中的防粘涂层从1950年代末开始已经得到了快速的发展。自从专利FR1120749中提出的方法使得能够将这种涂层确实固定在各种金属(如铝)上起，这种涂层就在世界范围内广为人知。
不过，这种涂层仍然是不牢固的并且耐刮痕性差。因而出现了用于使涂层在其载体上得到机械加固的发明。众多改进专利描述了可以通过对涂层和/或底材产生影响来提高这种涂层的耐刮痕性的方法和手段。但是，这种涂层仍然容易受到锐利或尖细金属材料(如刀或叉)的反复使用的影响。
同时，研究也引向了尝试着提高易洗性的机械耐性的表面。还出现了金属沉积物如不锈钢上镀铬、准晶体、或者非金属(硅酸盐等)。其结果仍然令人失望，尤其是在与PTFE类型的涂层比较时。
由文献FR2848797还已知主要由金属锆构成的烧煮表面，该表面具有非常良好的硬度，一旦该层被氮化或者碳化，则具有令人满足的易洗性，但不能达到PTFE类型的层的易洗性。
发明内容
本发明旨在通过提供下面这样的烧煮表面来克服现有技术的上述缺陷，该烧煮表面具有改进的易洗性、在烧煮时耐久地呈现出食物粘着性下降、耐腐蚀性，同时具有良好的机械强度，尤其是提高的硬度。
本发明通过用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面来实现，其特征在于这种烧煮表面是由一种合金生产的化合物，该合金的两种主要成分是锆和钴。
基于钴的金属合金由于其良好的耐磨性而著称。
在试验过程中出人意料地观察到，当这些表面被用作烧煮表面并且食品留在该表面上时(例如在烧烤要烧煮的食品后)，基于钴和锆的合金还具有易洗性。这种易洗性可以表现为能够容易地除去烧煮表面上的碳化物质。
当获得该化合物时，由于所述化合物硬度的提高，这种易出I睦得以实现。
此外，锆的使用使得能够获得单独使用钴所无法获得的非常多样的涂层色调。因而可以确定涂层的颜色，该颜色使得使用者能够清楚地识别所使用的涂层是特定的并且对应于“易洗乃涂层。甚至可以预期根据食物将不同色调与烧煮表面的易洗性试验结果联系起来，以便这种颜色代码使得使用者能够容易地识别对于所提供食物类别(蛋、鱼、肉等)的烧煮来说良好的烧煮表面。
有利地，该合金主要包含锆、钴和铬。钴和铬的合金，如
Figure A20068000812800041
，通常以其优异的耐腐蚀性(主要由于铬)及其良好的耐磨性(主要由于钴)而著称。其主要被用在机械结构和活塞的轴承内衬中。某些品种的合金则被用在医学领域中，用于获得植入物和假器。
铬的存在因而能够增强烧煮表面耐受化学试剂和耐腐蚀的性能。
该烧煮表面的生产包括在底材上沉积适当厚度的各成分的步骤，之后是各成分的氮化。这种氮化，主要是锆的氮化，使得能够显著地提高烧煮表面的硬度，同时提供所得色调的多样性，这主要依赖于氮化锆的化学计量。
有利地，所述表面的生产包括在氮化步骤之后的表面碳化或碳氮化的步骤，该步骤使得能够更加提高该层的表面硬度，以使其几乎无刮痕，同时不改变其易洗性。此外，氮化步骤使得能够获得Co/Cr/Zr的碳化物或碳氮化物的层的良好粘合性。这是因为，还已知的是，如果没有中间层的话，将碳化物或碳氮化物层粘合到铝或不锈钢类型的底材上是非常困难的。此外，碳化物层的沉积速度显著大于氮化物层的沉积速度。
如此获得的组成梯度将Co/Cr合金表面易洗性与锆的氮化物、碳化物和碳氮化物层提高的硬化、着色和耐腐蚀性的潜力结合在了一起。对于碳化锆来说，所得硬度可高达2500维氏硬度。
根据优选的生产方式，各成分在底材上的沉积是由一个或多个块状靶(cible massive)的气相物理沉积。在该靶可通过在铜底材上装配一个或多个具有所研究组成的材料的片材或板材来获得的最后一种情况下，所述片材或板材或者通过粉末烧结或粉末热喷涂获得，或者通过浇铸来得到。这些靶因而构成了将沉积到烧煮表面的材料的源。通常，可以使用气相物理沉积的任何技术。
这种实施方式的优点在于使用少量的材料，并且可以使材料的薄厚度配合底材，以获得烧煮表面。这种沉积技术此外还可以获得与底材具有高附着力的沉积物，其中所述沉积物沉积在所述底材上。由此尽可能减少了在使用过程中沉积物的脱落。
底材可以由一种或多种下述材料的金属板材组成：铝、不锈钢、生铁、钢、铜。
具体实施方式
结合以非限定性实例的形式给出的用于对本发明进行说明的实施例，在阅读以下的说明之后，通过试验得到的其它优点将会变得显而易见。
本发明的不同实施例涉及通过PVD法在不锈钢底材上沉积Co/Zr合金，这是通过使用Co/Zr二元平衡图的四个共晶点来进行的。对于这四个共晶点来说，锆的重量百分数因而是14％、57.5％、74％和85％。在进行试验之前，这种沉积物的面经过了机械表面处理，以使其类似于其它烧煮表面，以便能够比较在家用烧煮应用中这种表面的易洗性的评价试验。沉积厚度为大约几微米。
在各成分沉积之后，使该层进行氮化，然后碳氮化。碳氮化的阶段越长，表面则越硬。
易洗性的评价体系可以量化烧煮表面在使用之后恢复其原始外观的能力。这个评价体系包括下面的步骤：
-用已知组成的食物混合物部分覆盖表面，
-在确定的条件(如210℃下20分钟)下在炉中使该混合物碳化，
-在冷却之后，将该表面浸入到水和洗涤剂的混合物中，浸入的时间为可控的时间，
-随后借助于研磨设备(plynomètre)，在确定的应力下，以给定的循环数将往复运动的磨团施加到弄脏的表面上，
-记录恰当洗涤的表面的百分数，并表征烧煮表面的易洗性。
因此，对不同类型的表面所进行的试验可以对比评价在易洗性方面的表面质量。
当然，对于该评价体系的每一步来说，在遵守相同参数的情况下进行试验：相同的食物混合物、相同的食物混合物的应用表面、相同的碳化温度，等等。
下面的对比表格示出了，在使用基于奶和米饭(它们以一旦碳化而难以洗涤而著称)的食物组成的严格试验中，在抛光之后的三种不同的烧煮表面(即镜面不锈钢，准晶体，以及如上所述的沉积在不锈钢上，氮化然后碳氮化的依据所述共晶体之一的钴/锆合金)上获得的结果。这个试验因而可以很好地揭示出表面洗涤质量之间的差别。
镜面不锈钢 准晶体 在不锈钢上的氮化/碳氮化的Co/Zr合金
除去的碳化残余物的量 50％ 60％ 90％
该表毫无疑问地示出了利用在不锈钢上沉积的Co/zr合金所获得的有益结果，并且尤其是与其它烧煮表面相比较的有益结果。对铝基所进行的其它试验也表明了类似的结果。
需要指出，在plynomètre上的磨擦循环数被设定为18。这个减少的循环数清楚地表明了本发明表面的易洗性质量，因为在磨团的18次往复运动之后，其只剩下10％的弄脏的表面。
在表面完全洗涤之后重复的试验表明了所提供的合金的易洗性没有改变。
当本发明的实施涉及到底材的使用时，该底材则由一个或多个下述材料的金属板材组成：铝、不锈钢、生铁、钢、铜。

Claims (7)

1.用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于这种烧煮表面是由一种合金生产的化合物，该合金的两种主要成分是锆和钴。
2.上一权利要求的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，该合金的三种主要成分是锆、钴和铬。
3.上述权利要求之一的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，该表面的生产的特征在于在底材上沉积适当厚度的各成分之后的合金的氮化步骤。
4.上一个权利要求的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，所述表面的生产包括在氮化步骤之后的表面碳化或碳氮化步骤。
5.权利要求3的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，该沉积是由一个或多个块状靶通过气相物理沉积来实现的。
6.上一个权利要求的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，该沉积由靶来实现，该靶通过在铜底材上装配一个或多个具有所研究组成的材料的片材或板材来获得，所述片材或板材要么通过粉末烧结或粉末热喷涂获得，要么通过浇铸来得到。
7.权利要求3的用于厨房用具或烧煮器具的食物烧煮表面，其特征在于，底材由一个或多个下述材料的金属板材组成：铝、不锈钢、生铁、钢、铜。
CN200680008128.6A 2005-03-15 2006-02-16 易洗的烧煮表面和包含这种表面的家用电器 Pending CN101137763A (zh)

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FR0502540A FR2883150B1 (fr) 2005-03-15 2005-03-15 Surface de cuisson facile a nettoyer et article electromenager comportant une telle surface
FR0502540 2005-03-15

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FR2883150A1 (fr) 2006-09-22
RU2401880C2 (ru) 2010-10-20
JP2008536541A (ja) 2008-09-11
WO2006097589A2 (fr) 2006-09-21
US20080081211A1 (en) 2008-04-03
WO2006097589A3 (fr) 2006-12-07
ATE538226T1 (de) 2012-01-15
JP5283498B2 (ja) 2013-09-04
ES2379003T3 (es) 2012-04-19
EP1859070B1 (fr) 2011-12-21
FR2883150B1 (fr) 2007-04-20
RU2007138015A (ru) 2009-04-20
EP1859070A2 (fr) 2007-11-28

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