CN101132333B - 执行无线切换的方法 - Google Patents

执行无线切换的方法 Download PDF

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CN101132333B
CN101132333B CN2007101527695A CN200710152769A CN101132333B CN 101132333 B CN101132333 B CN 101132333B CN 2007101527695 A CN2007101527695 A CN 2007101527695A CN 200710152769 A CN200710152769 A CN 200710152769A CN 101132333 B CN101132333 B CN 101132333B
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sap
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朱安·卡勒斯·强尼加
泰瑞沙·琼安·亨克勒
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
    • H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
    • H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
    • H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices

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Abstract

一种无线LAN(WLAN)系统，用于在基本服务系统或胞元内复数个用户间的通信，包含一切换存取点(SAP)以传输及接受一点至多点的通信至及自用户。在SAP有复数个端口可供使用，每个端口被指定一独特载体频率，具非永久频率指定的能力及动态或伪随机载体指定能力，可隔离用户间的通信以防止冲突。SAP的另一实施例利用波束形成以提供空间端口以指定给复数个用户。

Description

执行无线切换的方法
本发明专利申请是国际申请号为PCT／US2003／020823、国际申请日为2003年7月2日、进入中国国家阶段的申请号为03815923.6、名称为“执行无线切换的方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及与若干用户连接的无线LAN系统(WLAN)，尤其涉及用于避免冲突的WLAN系统的切换。
背景技术
WLAN系统利用未被许可的波段进行无线通信。一无线LAN(WLAN)通信系统的传输可以是自一特定终端至一期望的目的地，即同一基本服务系统(BSS)或基干网络内的另一终端，但始终位于同一载波内。WLAN系统有两种操作模式：自组织（ad-hoc）及基础结构。在自组织模式中，终端可以以多点至多点的方式彼此通话。在基础结构模式中，接入点(AP)作为基站以控制用户间的传输，因而提供一点至多点无线网络。因所有用户均共享WLAN中的一相同媒体，所以基础结构模式对于半繁忙至繁忙负荷的网络而言更有效率。
在基础结构模式中，当发送数据至期望目的地终端时，终端首先与AP通信。AP继而桥接或路由信息至期望目的地。因此，在此模式中，WLAN通信系统的AP控制BSS或小区中的传输。
介质接入控制(MAC)协议被定义以用于协调共享频带的WLAN用户的信道使用。这些MAC协议是基于在若干用户同时接入信道时避免用户间的冲突。协议的效率以成功的避免冲突来衡量。
WLAN所使用的两个协议为CSMA/CA MAC及CSMA/CD以太网协议。这两个协议都可感测出用于其它传输的载波。以太网可以以各种方式连接，包括以太网集线器及以太网交换机。以太网集线器将连接以点至多点的方式集中到中央点，而不影响性能。以太网交换机在来自终端的分组每次到达时进行操作。该交换机读取目的地的地址，了解其连接至何端口，及在这两个物理端口之间实现直接连接。该以太网交换机的优点为，MAC并不感测媒体中的任何其他用户，与以太网集线器相比，这经由冲突降低可能性及增强的吞吐量而改善了性能。以太网集线器将接收到的分组转发至所有用户，即使仅有一个接收者亦如此。该集线器不查看地址信息。以太网交换机仅直接发送分组至预定的目的地，结果导致可用带宽的更有效利用。
公共WLANAP无法同时利用一个以上的载波频率，因而引起低的协议效率。以太网交换机已证明可大幅改善以太网协议的效率。
因此，当终端共享相同媒体时，需要一能改进无线点至多点网络的性能的方法。
发明内容
用于实现基本服务系统或小区中的多个用户之间的通信的无线LAN(WLAN)系统包括切换接入点(SAP)，用于传送及接收去向和来自用户的点至多点通信。在SAP中有多个端口可用，在具备频率指定是非永久性的的能力及动态或伪随机载波指定的能力的情况下，每一端口被指定给一独特载波频率以用于隔离用户间的通信，以防止冲突。SAP的另一实施例利用波束形成来提供将空间端口指定给多个用户。
附图说明
图1A显示具有频率载波以太网端口的WLAN的系统图。
图1B显示用户终端及利用频率载波以太网端口的切换接入点的简化图。
图2A显示具有空间波束以太网端口的WLAN的系统图。
图2B显示用户终端及利用空间波束以太网端口的切换接入点的简化图。
具体实施方式
图1A显示一系统，其将以太网切换原理应用于接入点(AP)，以允许多频率操作，使该AP变成切换接入点(SAP)106。频率载波f1-f5被处理为SAP中的不同端口，用户终端101-105自该不同端口以受控的方式集中接入至频率载波f1-f5。
如图1A所示，每一用户终端101-105被指定一频率载波f1-f5，SAP 106能够接收及传送每一载波f1-f5。为避免永久指定载波f1-f5给每一用户终端101-105，可使用两种方法。在优选实施例中，理想但非必要的是，不永久指定载波给用户终端101-105。非永久指定可避免指定频率给不发送数据的终端。当终端比可用频率多时，如果有要发送的数据的、被永久指定频率的终端没有正在使用该频率，则可防止指定频率给该终端。
动态载波指定（DCA）方案可被应用，其中，用户终端101-105在共享的载波中发送请求发送(RTS)，于是SAP用可以发送(CTS)进行回答，指出该载波可用来供传输之用。
或者，可利用一跳频方案，其中，用户终端101-105具有一伪随机序列来改变载波，由用户终端101-105及SAP 106称为先验，以便使两个用户终端同时利用相同载波的可能性最小。对于根据目前802.11b标准开发的优选WLAN，三个载波被用于跳频。对于802.11a标准，八个载波被用于跳频。无线切换系统100可单独地或组合地利用DCA及跳频。
图1B说明一优选用户终端及利用多频率的SAP。SAP 106有频率指定装置120以指定频率(频率端口)给用户终端101-105。一多频率接收机118利用指定的频率端口接收由终端101-105发送的数据。一多频率发射机116利用目的地终端的指定频率来自一终端向另一终端发送数据。多频率发射机116优选地还传送频率指定至终端101-105。一天线122或天线阵列被SAP l06用来通过无线接口124发送和接收数据。
终端101-105有一多频率接收机114，以接收频率指定并通过终端的指定频率来恢复所传送的数据。一频率控制器108利用接收到的指定频率来控制终端101-105的发射及接收频率。一多频率发射机110通过指定频率发射数据。
图2A显示无线切换的另一实施例，其将每一用户终端201-205指定给空间端口而非特定的频率。如图2A所示，空间波束bl-b5由波束形成建立，而且可用作用于将用户终端201-206彼此隔离的端口。SAP 206可辨认每一用户终端201-205的目的地地址，及将波束与每一地址关连。SAP 206能同时接收一个以上的波束。
图2B说明优选用户终端及利用空间波束的SAP。该SAP 206有一波束控制器220以确定何一波束(空间端口)与一特定用户关联。该控制器220提供一波束形成发射机216及波束形成接收机218供波束信息之用，以使适当的空间端口被用于给定终端。天线阵列214用来通过无线接口222传输及接收数据。
终端201-205具有一波束形成接收机210，用于接收利用天线阵列212发射的数据。波束形成发射机208用于利用天线阵列212发射数据至SAP206。
虽然，图1A，1B，2A及2B中的系统配置显示五个用户终端，但是任何数目的用户终端均可使用。其目的为示范而非限制系统能力的范围。图1A及2A中的无线切换系统可分别使用或联合使用。为说明起见，用户终端101-105可由空间波束及频率的组合加以区别。图1A及2A的无线切换系统可应用于包括以下系统，但不限于，直接序列(DS)WLAN及正交频分复用(OFDM)WLAN系统。

Claims (2)

1.一种切换接入点，被配置成与多个用户终端在无线局域网络中进行通信，该切换接入点包括：
多频率发射机；
多频率接收机；
频率指定装置，用于指定载波频率给用户终端；以及
波束控制器，用来决定哪个空间波束与一特定用户终端相关；
所述多个用户终端由空间波束和载波频率的组合加以区别。
2.如权利要求1所述的切换接入点，其中所述空间波束由波束形成建立。
CN2007101527695A 2002-07-05 2003-07-02 执行无线切换的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101132333B (zh)

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US10/334,858 US20040004951A1 (en) 2002-07-05 2002-12-31 Method for performing wireless switching

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