CN101106914A - 新颖的营养药物性组合物 - Google Patents
新颖的营养药物性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种组合物,其中包含一种氨基酸和蛋白质水解产物。
Description
本发明涉及新颖的营养药物性(nutraceutical)组合物。
糖尿病是一种普遍的慢性病,迄今无法治愈。糖尿病的发生和流行呈指数级增加,并且是发达国家和发展中国家最为常见的代谢疾病之一。糖尿病是多种原因引起的复杂疾病,其特征为受损的碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪代谢以及胰岛素分泌和/或胰岛素耐受抵抗。这引起提高的空腹血糖浓度和餐后血糖浓度,如果不处理则引起并发症。该疾病有两种主要的种类:胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM,T1DM)和非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(NIDDM,T2DM)。T1DM=1型糖尿病。T2DM=2型糖尿病。
T1DM和T2DM糖尿病与高血糖症、血内胆固醇过高症和高脂血症相关。T1DM和T2DM中各自的绝对胰岛素缺乏和对胰岛素不敏感引起肝、肌肉和脂肪组织葡萄糖利用降低以及血糖水平提高。未控制的高血糖症与提高的和过早的死亡相关,因为增加了微血管疾病和大血管疾病的风险,所述疾病包括肾病、神经病、视网膜病、高血压、中风和心脏病。近期证据表明严格的血糖控制是预防T1DM和T2DM中这些并发症的主要因素。因此,通过药物或疗法的最佳血糖控制是治疗糖尿病的重要途径。
T2DM治疗最初涉及饮食和生活方式的改变,当这些手段不能维持适当的血糖控制时,用口服降血糖药和/或外源胰岛素治疗患者。目前治疗T2DM的口服药剂包括控制胰岛素分泌的药剂(磺脲剂)、促进肝内胰岛素活动的药剂(缩二胍剂)、胰岛素增感剂(噻唑烷二酮)和抑制葡萄糖吸收的药剂(α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂)。然而,目前可得的试剂通常不能长期维持合适的血糖控制,因为胰腺细胞功能的逐渐丧失引起高血糖症的逐渐恶化。随着时间进展,能够维持目的血糖水平的患者比例显著降低,施用附加的/其他的药剂成为必须。另外,药物可能具有有害的副作用,并涉及高初始失效率和次级失效率。最后,降血糖药的使用可有效控制血糖水平,但不能预防糖尿病所有的并发症。因此,用于治疗所有类型糖尿病的现有方法不能达到血糖量正常和预防糖尿病并发症的理想。
因此,尽管治疗T1DM和T2DM的疗法选择基本上依赖于施用胰岛素和口服降血糖药物,仍需要具有最小副作用的安全有效的营养添加剂用于治疗和预防糖尿病。许多患者对能够最小化伴随高剂量药物的副作用并产生额外临床益处的其他替代疗法感兴趣。患有糖尿病的患者对具有温和抗糖尿病效应并且没有主要副作用的被认为是“天然”的治疗方法非常感兴趣,所述治疗可以用做辅佐治疗。T2DM是渐进的慢性病,直到负责产生胰岛素的胰腺细胞(胰岛β-细胞)发生显著损伤时才会被识别。因此,对发展饮食添加剂存在增长的兴趣,所述饮食添加剂可用于预防β细胞损伤并从而预防显性T2DM在风险人群(特别是有患T2DM高风险的老年人)中发展。由于葡萄糖和脂质对β细胞有损伤,所以可通过降低血糖和/或血脂水平来保护胰腺β细胞。可通过不同的机制降低血糖水平,例如通过增强胰岛素敏感性和/或通过降低肝糖产生。也可通过不同的机制降低血脂水平,例如通过增强脂质氧化和/或脂质储存。保护胰腺β细胞的另一可能策略为降低氧化应激(oxidative stress)。氧化应激也可引起β细胞损伤及引起胰岛素分泌损失和发展为显性T2DM。
因此,T2DM是由多种器官位点共存缺陷引起的复杂疾病:肌肉和脂肪组织对胰岛素的抵抗、有缺陷的胰腺胰岛素分泌、无限制的肝糖产生。这些缺陷通常伴随脂质异常和内皮官能障碍。考虑到T2DM的多重病理生理学损伤,组合疗法是处理该疾病的吸引人的疗法。本发明涉及包含蛋白质水解产物和亮氨酸的新颖的营养药物性组合物。该包含亮氨酸的营养药物性组合物还可包含未水解的蛋白质和碳水化合物作为治疗或预防糖尿病或其他葡萄糖耐量受损相关病症(如X综合症和肥胖症)的活性成分。另一方面,本发明涉及这类化合物作为用于所述治疗或预防的营养添加剂的用途,例如作为多维生素制剂的添加剂,所述制剂包含维持正常代谢功能所必需但不在体内合成的维生素和矿物质。另一方面,本发明涉及治疗1型和2型糖尿病以及用于在患有前驱糖尿病(pre-diabetes)或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中预防T2DM的方法,其包括对需要这类治疗的受试者施用亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解的蛋白质和/或碳水化合物。
本发明的组合物尤其旨在治疗T1DM和T2DM,并在患有前驱糖尿病或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中预防T2DM。
本发明涉及包含一种氨基酸和蛋白质水解产物的组合物。优选所述一种氨基酸为亮氨酸。“一种氨基酸”或“是亮氨酸的一种氨基酸”在本文中应理解为在旨在根据本发明使用的组合物或成分中存在的多种氨基酸中,至少70wt%的存在氨基酸为一种氨基酸(例如亮氨酸),优选至少80wt%、更优选至少90wt%的存在的氨基酸为一种氨基酸,而存在少于30wt%,优选少于20wt%、更优选少于10wt%的其他氨基酸。该一种氨基酸(优选亮氨酸)和蛋白质水解产物的组合有利的用于提高血液中的血浆胰岛素,特别是对于2型糖尿病或前驱糖尿病。
令人惊奇的是,发现与水解产物组合的一种氨基酸可用于2型糖尿病或前驱糖尿病,优选降低血中餐后葡萄糖浓度或提高血中餐后胰岛素分泌。令人惊奇的是,已经发现与两种氨基酸(例如亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸)与水解产物的组合相比,使用亮氨酸和水解产物的组合给出相等的、甚至更好的结果。
包含活性成分(即亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物)组合的组合物协同刺激胰岛素分泌并促进葡萄糖到胰岛素敏感的目标组织(如脂肪组织、骨骼肌和肝)的分配,并从而对糖尿病的治疗起到促进效应。
本文中使用的术语“营养药物性(nutraceutical)”表示了同时在营养领域及医药领域应用中的有效性。因此,新颖的营养药物性组合物可作为食物和饮料的添加剂,也可作为药物制剂用于肠道或非肠道应用,所述药物制剂可以是固体制剂,例如胶囊或药片,或是液体制剂,例如溶液或悬浮液。从前文明显可知,术语“营养药物性组合物”也包括含有亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物以及上面指明的活性成份的食物和饮料。
可通过将蛋白质来源与单一蛋白酶或蛋白酶组合共同温育制备蛋白质水解产物。这类蛋白酶可以是任何类型的蛋白酶,包括但不仅限于内蛋白酶、氨肽酶、羧肽酶或双氨肽酶和三氨肽酶。
蛋白质来源原则上可以是任何蛋白质来源。优选的来源是酪素或乳清蛋白。根据本发明的包含乳清蛋白的组合物可以是任何包含乳清蛋白的组合物,例如奶、奶油和奶酪乳清。乳清蛋白制剂可以以若干形式获得,如乳清蛋白浓缩物(WPC)和乳清蛋白分离物(WPI)。用于水解的适当蛋白质底物也包括全脂奶、脱脂奶、酸酪素、酶凝干酪素、酸乳清产品或奶酪乳清产品。另外,蔬菜底物如小麦麸、磨碎的大麦和得自例如大豆、水稻或玉米的蛋白质组分是合适的底物。
可通过将蛋白质底物与一种蛋白水解酶或多种蛋白水解酶的组合接触来制备蛋白质水解产物。使用多于一种蛋白酶的情况下,这些蛋白酶可同时加入蛋白质底物中。或者,蛋白酶可以以预定的顺序加入蛋白质中。任选地,添加下一个蛋白酶前将水解过程中较早使用的蛋白酶灭活。可通过多种途径进行灭活,方法的选择取决于需要被灭活的蛋白酶。灭活处理包括但不仅限于热处理和pH变化。另外,可使用市售蛋白酶。
蛋白质底物的水解程度(DH)是一个重要的参数。蛋白质水解产物能够达到的DH取决于大量参数,包括但不仅限于具体蛋白酶的选择、允许水解进行的时间、反应条件(pH、温度、盐浓度等)和进行蛋白酶水解之前对蛋白质底物的预处理。适用于本发明加工的水解产物DH范围可以是5-50,优选10-40,更优选15-35。水解产物可含有游离氨基酸。测定DH的方法为本领域专家所知,例如由Church等描述的OPA方法(AnalBiochem(1985)146,343)。
可以通过多种途径对水解产物进一步加工,所述方法包括但不仅限于喷雾干燥、超滤、冷冻干燥、真空干燥。干燥后将干材料研磨并/或过滤以获得特定颗粒大小范围的组分。可向水解产物中添加化合物以促进干燥或影响干燥的水解产物的最终特性,如其结块的趋势或其可湿性。
根据本发明,令人惊奇地发现包含亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物,或亮氨酸和未水解蛋白质,或亮氨酸、蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物,或亮氨酸、未水解蛋白质和碳水化合物的组合物协同刺激胰腺的胰岛素分泌并促进葡萄糖分配到胰岛素敏感的目标组织。组合物的效应比起通过亮氨酸或蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质或碳水化合物单独效应叠加所估计的预期效应大得多。因此,包含亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物协同提高胰腺的胰岛素分泌并促进葡萄糖分配到胰岛素敏感的目标组织。因此,包含亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物的组合物能够用于预防或治疗T1DM和T2DM,并用于在患有前驱糖尿病、葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中预防T2DM。
使用亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物(其各自显示不同的作用机制)的组合对达到和维持糖尿病患者中目标血糖水平有效。
由于它们的不同作用,所以本发明考虑了上述活性成分的组合以便利用它们的协同效应和多器官效应。由于组合物的各个活性成分不同的作用机制,该组合物不仅改善血糖控制,而且引起一些配置中药物剂量降低并使负作用最小化。由于它们不同的作用机制和位点,上述饮食添加剂的具体组合还利用协同效应达到大于单一制剂可以达到的葡萄糖降低度。因此,虽然T1DM和T2DM治疗中选择的疗法主要依赖于施用胰岛素和口服降血糖药物,但是合适的营养学疗法对于成功治疗糖尿病也非常重要。
多维生素和矿物质添加剂可以添加进本发明的营养药物性组合物中以获得适当数量的某些食谱中缺失的必需营养。多维生素和矿物质添加剂还可用于疾病预防和防止营养缺失和不足,所述营养缺失和不足由糖尿病患者中有时观察到的生活方式和日常不当饮食模式引起。另外,氧化应激也涉及胰岛素抵抗的发展。活性氧可通过破坏胰岛素受体信号级联削弱胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖吸收。用抗氧化剂如α生育酚(维生素E)、抗坏血酸(维生素C)控制氧化应激可具有治疗糖尿病的价值。因此,多维生素添加剂的摄入可添加进上述活性物质以保持良好平衡的营养。
氨基酸(优选亮氨酸)和蛋白质水解产物的另一重要用途是提高需要提高糖原水平人员的糖原水平,或提高有此需要的人员的胰岛素分泌。后一用途可提供给例如运动员和其他从事体育锻炼的人员。蛋白质水解产物和氨基酸(优选亮氨酸)可作为添加剂适当地用于任何能量补充品或代谢营养品中。能量补充品或营养品可以是饮料形式,如运动饮料、能量饮料或其他软饮,或适用于运动员或需要提高糖原水平或提高胰岛素产生的其他人员的任何其他营养品制剂。能量补充品或营养品优选是可以口服的形式。提高的糖原水平或提高的胰岛素分泌可引起例如糖原储存的更快重建和降解的肌肉蛋白质的更快重建。
运动饮料是推想用于给运动员再补充水分以及恢复电解质、糖和其他营养物的饮料。运动饮料通常是等渗的,这意味着它们含有与人体相同比例的营养物。(来源:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_drink)
能量饮料是含有(合法)兴奋剂、微生物(特别是维生素B)和矿物质,旨在为使用者提供能量爆发的饮料。普遍成分包括咖啡因、瓜拉那(Guarana)(得自瓜拉那植物的咖啡因)、牛磺酸、多种形式的人参、麦芽糊精、肌醇、肉毒碱、肌酸、葡糖醛酸内酯和银杏。有的可含有高水平的糖或葡萄糖。许多这类饮料被调味和/或调色。(来源:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_drink)
软饮是不含酒精,与含酒精的硬饮相对的饮料。通常该术语仅用于冷饮。热巧克力、热茶和热咖啡不认为是软饮。该术语最初仅涉及碳酸饮料,且仍然通常以该方式使用。(来源:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_drink)
在本发明优选的一个方面,本发明的营养药物性组合物含有亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物。亮氨酸以给服用者提供从每kg体重约0.001g到每kg体重约1g的每日剂量的量适当存在于本发明的组合物中。食物或饮料适当的含有每份约0.05g到每份约50g的亮氨酸。如果营养药物性组合物是药物制剂,该药物制剂可含有亮氨酸的量为每剂量单元(如每胶囊或药片)约0.001g到约1g,或对液体制剂而言每日剂量约0.035g到每日剂量约70g。蛋白质水解产物以给服用者提供每kg体重约0.01g到每kg体重约3g的每日剂量的量适当存在于本发明的组合物中。食物或饮料适当的含有每份约0.1g到每份约100g的蛋白质水解产物。如果营养药物性组合物是药物制剂,该药物制剂可含有蛋白质水解产物的量为每剂量单元(如每胶囊或药片)约0.01g到约5g,或对液体制剂而言每日剂量约0.7g到每日剂量约210g。
在本发明优选的另一方面,该组合物含有上述亮氨酸和未水解的蛋白质。未水解的蛋白质以给服用者提供每kg体重约0.01g到每kg体重约3g的每日剂量的量适当存在于本发明的组合物中。食物或饮料适当的含有每份约0.1g到每份约100g的未水解蛋白质。如果营养药物性组合物是药物制剂,该药物制剂可含有未水解蛋白质的量为每剂量单元(如每胶囊或药片)约0.01g到约5g,或对液体制剂而言每日剂量约0.7g到每日剂量约210g。
在本发明优选的另一方面,组合物含有如上所述亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和碳水化合物。碳水化合物以给服用者提供每kg体重约0.01g到每kg体重约7g的每日剂量的量适当存在于本发明的组合物中。食物或饮料适当的含有每份约0.5g到每份约200g的碳水化合物。如果营养药物性组合物是药物制剂,该药物制剂可含有碳水化合物的量为每剂量单元(如每胶囊或药片)约0.05g到约10g,或对液体制剂而言每日剂量约0.7g到每日剂量约490g。
优选的本发明营养药物性组合物包含亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物或未水解蛋白质和/或碳水化合物,特别是下列组合:
亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物;
亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物;
亮氨酸和未水解蛋白质;
亮氨酸和未水解蛋白质和碳水化合物;
最优选亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物的组合。
剂量范围(对70kg重的人而言)
亮氨酸:每天0.005g-70g
蛋白质水解产物:每天0.07g-210g
未水解蛋白质:每天0.07g-210g
碳水化合物:每天0.1g-490g
图例
图1:2型糖尿病患者(T2D)和健康对照受试者(CON)摄取碳水化合物(CHO;空心条),碳水化合物和蛋白质水解产物(CHO+PRO;阴影条)和碳水化合物、蛋白质水解产物和游离亮氨酸(CHO+PRO+LEU;实心条)后4小时内血浆胰岛素浓度(A)和应答(B)的均值(±SEM)。*:与CHO试验相比有显著差异,P<0.05,#:与CHO+PRO试验相比有显著差异,P<0.05。相同试验的各组间未发现胰岛素应答差异。每组n=10。
图2:2型糖尿病患者(T2D)和健康对照受试者(CON)摄取碳水化合物(CHO;空心条),碳水化合物和蛋白质水解产物(CHO+PRO;阴影条)和碳水化合物、蛋白质水解产物和游离亮氨酸(CHO+PRO+LEU;实心条)后4小时内血糖浓度(A)和应答(B)的均值(±SEM)。*:与CHO试验相比有显著差异,P<0.05,#:糖尿病组相比有显著差异,P<0.01。每组n=10。
图3:2型糖尿病患者(T2D)和健康对照受试者(CON)摄取碳水化合物(CHO;空心条),碳水化合物和蛋白质水解产物(CHO+PRO;阴影条)和碳水化合物、蛋白质水解产物和游离亮氨酸(CHO+PRO+LEU;实心条)后4小时内血浆必需氨基酸(除亮氨酸外,EAA-LEU)和非必需氨基酸(NEAA)应答的均值(±SEM)。*:与CHO试验相比有显著差异,P<0.05,#:与CHO+PRO试验相比有显著差异,P<0.05。相同试验的各组间未发现氨基酸应答差异。每组n=10。
下述实施例将更进一步地阐述本发明。
A.可以用下列组分按照传统配制工序来制备药物组合物:
实施例1 软明胶胶囊
使用下列组分按照传统工序来制备软明胶胶囊:
活性成份:亮氨酸0.1g,蛋白质水解产物0.3g
其它组分:甘油、水、明胶、植物油
实施例2 硬明胶胶囊
使用下列组分按照传统工序来制备硬明胶胶囊:
活性成份:亮氨酸0.3g,蛋白质水解产物0.7g
其它组分:
填料:适量的乳糖或纤维素或纤维素衍生物
润滑剂:如果需要的话,硬脂酸镁(0.5%)
实施例3 药片
使用下列组分按照传统工序来制备药片:
活性成份:亮氨酸0.4g,未水解蛋白质0.4g
其它组分:微晶纤维素、二氧化硅(SiO2)、硬脂酸镁、交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
B.可以使用下列组分按照传统工序来制备食物产品:
实施例4 含30%果汁的软饮
典型份量:240ml
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸、蛋白质水解产物和作为碳水化合物来源的麦芽糊精。
亮氨酸:每份0.5g-5g
蛋白质水解产物:每份1.5g-15g
麦芽糊精:每份3g-30g
I.用下述组分制备软饮复合物:
果汁浓缩物和水溶性香料
[g]
1.1橙汁浓缩物
60.3°白利糖度(Brix),5.15%酸度 657.99
柠檬浓缩物
43.5°白利糖度,32.7%酸度 95.96
水溶性橙味香料 13.43
水溶性杏味香料 6.71
水 26.46
1.2颜料 [g]
β-胡萝卜素10%CWS 0.89
水 67.65
1.3酸和抗氧化剂
抗坏血酸 4.11
无水柠檬酸 0.69
水 43.18
1.4稳定剂
果胶 0.20
苯甲酸钠 2.74
水 65.60
1.5油溶性香料
油溶性橙味香料 0.34
蒸馏得到的甜橙油 0.34
1.6活性成份
以上文提到的浓度存在的活性成份(这指上文提到的活性成份:亮氨酸、蛋白质水解产物和麦芽糊精)。
果汁浓缩物和水溶性香料在没有空气掺入的条件下混合起来。颜料被溶于去离子水中。抗坏血酸和柠檬酸溶于水中。苯甲酸钠溶于水中。搅拌下加入果胶,煮沸令其溶解。冷却所述溶液。甜橙油和油溶性香料预先混合起来。1.6中提到的活性成份被干燥地混合起来,然后优选搅拌添加到果汁浓缩物混合物(1.1)中。
为制备所述的软饮复合物,3.1.1至3.1.6的所有部分都被混合到一起,然后用Turrax以及高压均质机(p1=200bar,p2=50bar)对其进行均质。
II.用下述组分来制备瓶装糖浆:
[g]
软饮复合物 74.50
水 50.00
糖浆,60°白利糖度 150.00
所述瓶装糖浆的组分被混合到一起。用水将所述瓶装糖浆稀释到1L,成为现成可用的饮料。
变化:
可以对所述饮料进行巴氏消毒来代替使用苯甲酸钠。所述饮料还可经过碳酸化。
实施例5五谷面包
典型份量:50g
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和未水解蛋白质和碳水化合物(以五谷粉的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.5g-5g
未水解蛋白质:每份1.5g-15g
其他组分: [%]
五谷粉(five cereal flour)(碳水化合物来源) 56.8
水 39.8
酵母 2.3
盐 1.1
所述酵母被溶于一部分水中。将所有组分混合到一起制成面团。在揉捏过程结束时加盐。发酵之后,对面团进行再次处理,并将其分开,然后制成块状。烘焙之前,用水冲刷所述的块表面,并撒上面粉。
程序:
揉捏:
螺旋揉捏系统: 第一档4分钟,第二档5分钟
面团发酵: 60分钟
面团温度: 22℃-24℃
发酵时间 30分钟
烘焙:
烤箱: 荷兰式烤箱
烘焙温度: 250℃/220℃
烘焙时间: 50-60分钟
实施例6 Milano类型的曲奇饼
典型份量: 30g
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物(以550型小麦粉的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.3g-3g
蛋白质水解产物:每份0.9g-9g
其他组分: [%]
小麦面粉,550型(碳水化合物来源) 41.0
糖 20.5
脂肪/黄油 20.5
全蛋(液) 18.0
柠檬香料 适量
烘焙剂 适量
在搅拌条件下将所有组分缓慢加入,制成甜酥点心团(sweet shortpastry)。
之后,将所述点心团冷藏(4℃)至少2小时,之后将其抹平成厚度为大约5mm。烘焙前切成小块,在表面刷上蛋黄。
烘焙:
烤箱: 鼓风式烤箱(fan oven)
烘焙温度: 180℃
烘焙时间: 15分钟
实施例7吐司面包
典型份量:100g
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和未水解蛋白质和碳水化合物(以550型小麦粉的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.6g-6g
蛋白质水解产物:每份1.8g-18g
其他组分: [%]
小麦面粉,550型(碳水化合物来源) 55.4
水 33.2
酵母 2.8
盐 1.1
脂肪/黄油 5.5
麦芽 0.6
乳化烘焙剂 1.4
所述酵母被溶于一部分水中。所有组分被混合到一起,形成面团。在揉捏过程结束时加入盐。之后,对所述面团进行再次处理,将其分开,放置于烘焙用烤模上以发酵。烘焙之后,所述的块直接从模子里取出。
程序:
揉捏:
螺旋揉捏系统: 第一档5-6分钟,第二档3-4分钟
面团发酵: 无
面团温度: 22℃-24℃
发酵时间 40分钟
烘焙:
烤箱: 荷兰式烤箱
烘焙温度: 220℃
烘焙时间: 35-40分钟
实施例8 酸奶-凝固型(Yoghurt set type),3.5%的脂肪
典型份量:225g
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物(以糖的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.5g-5g
蛋白质水解产物:每份1.5g-15g
其他组分: [%]
全脂奶(3.8%的脂肪) 90.5
脱脂奶粉 2.0
糖(碳水化合物来源) 5.0
培养物 2.5
所述的奶被加热至35℃,然后加入奶粉、稳定剂、糖和活性成份。该混合物被加热至65℃以溶解所有组分。然后在高压均质机中(p1=150bar,P2=50 bar)于65℃下对所述混合物进行均质。再在80℃下对该乳状物进行20分钟的巴氏消毒。冷却到45℃后,加入天然酸奶/培养物,混匀。再将该混合物装入若干杯子,在45℃下发酵3-4小时,直到pH达到4.3,然后将其贮藏在4℃下。
实施例9 酸奶-搅拌型,3.5%的脂肪
典型份量:225g
该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物(以糖的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.1g-1g
蛋白质水解产物:每份0.3g-3g
其他组分: [%]
全脂奶(3.8%的脂肪) 90.2
脱脂奶粉 2.0
稳定剂 0.3
糖(碳水化合物来源) 5.0
培养物 2.5
所述的奶被加热至35℃,然后加入奶粉、稳定剂、糖和活性成份。该混合物被加热至65℃以溶解所有组分,然后在高压均质机中(p1=150bar,p2=50bar)于65℃下对所述混合物进行均质。再在80℃下对该乳状物进行20分钟的巴氏消毒。冷却到45℃后,加入天然酸奶/培养物,混匀,接着在45℃下发酵3-4小时,直到pH达到4.3。经过冷却及有力的搅拌之后,所述酸奶被装进若干杯子,在4℃贮藏。
实施例10 冰淇淋,8%的脂肪
典型份量:85g
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物(以葡萄糖浆的形式):
亮氨酸:每份0.1g-1g
蛋白质水解产物:每份0.3g-3g
其他组分: [g]
奶(3.7%的脂肪) 600.00
奶油(35%的脂肪) 166.00
脱脂奶粉 49.10
糖(碳水化合物来源) 109.00
80%的葡萄糖浆(碳水化合物来源) 70.00
冰淇淋稳定剂 5.00
香料 适量
颜料 适量
将糖、脱脂奶粉和稳定剂加入到奶和奶油中,混匀,加热至45℃。然后将贮存液形式的颜料和葡萄糖浆以及活性成份加进去。该混合物被加热进行巴氏消毒(80℃,20分钟)。然后进行均质步骤。之后,该混合物在持续搅拌下被冷却,在5℃下加入香料。将该混合物在5℃下成熟至少4小时,再通过冰淇淋机(膨胀率约为100%)。所述冰淇淋被装入若干杯子,贮藏于-20℃至-30℃。
实施例11 酒胶糖(wine gum)
活性成份:该食物产品中加入了亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物和碳水化合物(以冰糖和葡萄糖浆DE 38的形式):
亮氨酸:每30g 0.05g-0.5g
蛋白质水解产物:每30g 0.15g-1.5g
其他组分: [g]
明胶,200 Bloom 80.0
水I 125.0
冰糖(碳水化合物来源) 290.0
水II 120.0
葡萄糖浆DE 38(碳水化合物来源) 390.0
柠檬酸 10.0
香料 2.0
颜料 足量
总量(约) 1000.0
将明胶分散于水I中,搅拌,通过蒸气浴加热或使用微波炉令其溶解。将糖和水II混合,煮沸直到获得澄清溶液。从热源上移开。趁着溶解有糖的溶液还是热的,将其与糖浆混合。缓慢加入明胶溶液。保持静置,直至表面泡沫能被除去,并达到60℃-65℃。在搅拌下加入香料、柠檬酸和颜料溶液以及活性成份。将其倒入淀粉盘(starch tray)上印制的模子中,在室温放置至少48小时。移走淀粉粉末,用油或蜡抛光。在室温干燥并装入密封小袋中。
实施例12
该实施例显示共摄取(coingestion)促胰岛素蛋白质水解产物(含有或不含额外的亮氨酸)与一团碳水化合物组合后的餐后血浆胰岛素和葡萄糖应答。十位确诊的长期男性2型糖尿病患者和十位健康对照受试者参与3组试验,其中在摄入不同饮料组合物(碳水化合物,CHO;碳水化合物加蛋白质水解产物,CHO+PRO;或碳水化合物、蛋白质水解产物和游离亮氨酸,CHO+PRO+LEU)后确定血糖、胰岛素和氨基酸应答。与CHO试验(p<0.05)相比,2型糖尿病患者在CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中的血浆胰岛素应答分别为141%和204%,而对照组在CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中的血浆胰岛素应答分别为66%和221%。与CHO试验(p<0.05)相比,2型糖尿病患者和对照中伴随血糖应答分别为15,降低12%和92,降低97%。血浆亮氨酸浓度与胰岛素应答密切相关(r=0.43,P<0.001)。我们得出结论:碳水化合物摄取后共摄取含有或不含额外游离亮氨酸的蛋白质水解产物促进胰岛素应答,从而显著降低确诊的长期2型糖尿病患者的餐后葡萄糖偏离。
对象和方法
对象
十位确诊的长期男性2型糖尿病患者和十位健康的(年龄和BMI匹配)对照受试者被选择参与该研究。受试者的特征列于表1。排除标准为受损的肾功能或肝功能、肥胖症(BMI>35kg/m2)、心脏病、高血压、糖尿病并发症和外源胰岛素治疗。所有的2型糖尿病患者均使用口服降血糖药物(甲福明二甲双胍和/或磺酰脲)。筛选前两天停用降血糖药物,且在各试验前2天停用磺酰脲而不停用甲福明二甲双胍。所有的受试者已被告知实验的性质和风险后获得他们的书面知情同意书。所有的临床试验由地方医学伦理委员会批准。
表1:受试者特征1
对照 | 2型糖尿病 | |
n | 10 | 10 |
年轻(yrs) | 60.2±1.3 | 59.7±2.6 |
体重(kg) | 83.7±3.1 | 83.6±3.4 |
身高(m) | 1.75±0.01 | 1.77±0.02 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 27.2±1.00 | 26.8±0.82 |
基底血糖(mmol/L) | 5.8±0.1 | 10.3±0.7* |
血糖OGTT120(mmol/L)2 | 6.1±0.4 | 19.7±0.8*# |
基底血浆胰岛素(mU/L) | 14.2±1.3 | 14.1±2.7 |
HbA1c(%) | 5.6±0.1 | 8.1±0.3* |
OGIS120(ml/min/m2)3 | 351±16 | 258±13* |
诊断为2型糖尿病(yrs) | NA | 9.2±1.44 |
药物 | NA | 甲福明二甲双胍和/或SU衍生物 |
1数值表达为均值±SEM
22h OGTT后的血糖浓度
3如别处所述(22)2小时OGTT后的口腔葡萄糖胰岛素敏感性指数
*与对照组的差异P<0.01
#与基底值的差异P<0.01
筛选
在被选择参加本研究前,所有的受试者进行了口腔葡萄糖耐受测试(OGTT)。禁食过夜后,受试者开车或通过公共交通在上午8:00到达实验室。向肘前静脉插入导管(Baxter BV,Utrecht,the Netherlands)并取出静脉血,然后摄取75g葡萄糖(溶于250ml水中)。吃完后每30分钟采血直到t=120分钟。测量血糖浓度以根据世界卫生组织1999号标准(参阅Alberti,K.G.&Zimmet,P.Z.(1998)Definition,diagnosis and classification ofdiabetes mellitus and its complications.Part 1:diagnosis and classification ofdiabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation.Diabet Med 15:539-553)确定葡萄糖不耐性和/或2型糖尿病。此外,如Mari等,J.J.(2001).Diabetes Care 24:539-548所述,对2小时OGTT使用血糖浓度和血浆胰岛素浓度用口内葡萄糖胰岛素敏感性(OGIS)指数评估胰岛素敏感性。
设计
各受试者参与3个试验,每个试验间隔至少7天,其中摄取3种不同的饮料组合物(CHO:碳水化合物,CHO+PRO:碳水化合物加酪素蛋白质水解产物或CHO+PRO+LEU碳水化合物、酪素蛋白质水解产物和亮氨酸)后测定血浆葡萄糖、胰岛素和氨基酸应答。受试者置于仰卧位置并在4小时内保持不活动。饮料以随机顺序和双盲方式提供。
流程
过夜禁食后,受试者开车或通过公共交通在上午8:00到实验室报到。向肘前静脉插入特氟隆(Teflon)导管(Baxter BV,Utrecht,the Netherlands)进行静脉血采样并收集静脉血样品。t=0时受试者喝下一种(4mL/kg)实验饮料。第一个小时内每15分钟采血样,之后每隔30分钟采血样直至t=240分钟,血样用于测量血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度。血浆氨基酸浓度以1小时的间隔测定。
测试前的饮食和活动
在整个实验过程中,所有的受试者保持他们日常的饮食和身体运动模式。此外,受试者在各项试验前至少3天禁止重体力活和/或锻炼训练并在首项试验前2天增加每日食物摄取以保证他们的饮食摄取尽可能与其他试验前一致。各试验前的傍晚,受试者进行标准化的进餐(43.80kJ/kg体重;由60%能量(En%)碳水化合物、28%脂肪和12%蛋白质组成)。
饮料
受试者得到一颗大丸剂(4mL/kg),其含有0.7g/kg碳水化合物(50%葡萄糖和50%麦芽糖糊精,CHO)与0.3g/kg酪素蛋白水解产物(CHO+PRO)或0.3g/kg酪素蛋白水解产物和0.1g/kg亮氨酸(CHO+PRO+LEU)。葡萄糖和麦芽糖糊精得自AVEBE(Veendam,the Netherlands),晶体亮氨酸来自BUFA(Uitgeest,the Netherlands),酪素蛋白水解产物由DSM FoodSpecialties(Delft,the Netherlands)制备。酪素水解产物(InsuvitalTM)得自使用中性蛋白酶和脯氨酰特异性内蛋白酶对酪蛋白酸钠的酶促水解。饮料通过每升饮料添加0.2g糖精钠(sodiumsaccharinate)、1.8g柠檬酸和5g奶油香草香料(Quest International,Naarden,the Netherlands)统一调味。
血样分析
血样收集于含有EDTA的管中并在1000g和4℃离心10分钟。血浆等分试样在液氮中瞬时冷冻并储存在-80℃直至分析。使用COBAS FARA半自动分析仪(Roche)分析葡萄糖浓度(Uni Kit III,Roche,Basel)。通过放射性免疫测定(HI-14K,Linco research Inc,St.Charles,USA)测定血浆胰岛素。用正缬氨酸作为内标,使用具有水合茚三酮衍生化的后柱的离子交换色谱(JEOL,AminoTac JLC-500/V)来分析游离氨基酸。分析前用5-磺基水杨酸将样品去蛋白。为了测定HbAlc含量,将3ml血样收集在含EDTA的管中并通过高效液相色谱(Bio-Rad Diamat,Munich,Germany)分析。
统计
数据表达为均值±SEM。血浆应答计算为曲线下基线值以上的区域面积。为了按时间比较试验之间血浆代谢物浓度,进行双通道重复测量方差分析(ANOVA)。使用单通道重复测量ANOVA检测各组中时间改变的统计学显著性。在显著的F比值情况下进行Scheffe’s事后比较(Scheffe’s post-hoc test)以便定位特定差异。对于非时间依赖性的变量,使用多通道ANOVA或者学生t检验(Students’t-test)。显著性设定于0.05水平可信度。所有的计算使用StatView 5.0(SAS Institure inc.,Cary,NC,USA)进行。
结果
血浆胰岛素浓度
各组和各试验间基线血浆胰岛素浓度类似,且2型糖尿病和对照组分别为11.2±1.5mU/L和13.0±1.1mU/L(图1A,P=0.1)。摄取不同的饮料后,2型糖尿病患者中CHO试验的血浆胰岛素水平没有提高而CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中有所提高(P<0.05)。在对照组中,饮料摄取后第一小时内观察到血浆胰岛素浓度的强烈上升(P<0.05)。该上升在CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中最为明显。在所有的试验中,每组的血浆胰岛素浓度在实验的最后一小时都返回基线浓度。糖尿病组中,与CHO试验相比,CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中胰岛素应答(基线值上AUC)分别为141±40%和204±37%(P<0.05,图1B)。对照组中,与CHO试验相比,CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中胰岛素应答分别为66±22%和221±82%(P<0.05)。此外在对照组中,CHO+PRO+LEU试验中胰岛素应答显著高于CHO试验(P<0.05)。相同试验中各组间未观察到胰岛素应答差异.
血糖浓度
与正常血糖对照相比,2型糖尿病患者的禁食血糖浓度更高(8.6±0.6相对于5.7±0.1mmol/L,P<0.01)。摄取不同的饮料后,在所有的试验中,糖尿病患者的血糖浓度与其匹配的对照相比仍然显著偏高(P<0.01,图2A)。饮料摄取后第一小时2型糖尿病患者中血糖浓度显著提高,之后数值恢复到接近基线值(图2A)。测试饮料摄取后第一个30分钟对照组到血糖浓度提高,之后血糖浓度也恢复到基线值。对照组中,与CHO试验相比,CHO+PRO和CHO+PRO+LEU试验的血糖浓度降低得更快,导致t=45分钟和t=60分钟时更低的血糖浓度(P<0.05,图2A)。将餐后葡萄糖应答表达为曲线下基线值以上区域面积(图2B)后,与CHO试验相比,2型糖尿病组的CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中的葡萄糖应答分别降低15±5%和12±3%,对照组CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中的葡萄糖应答分别降低92±2%和97±3%。所有试验中与对照相比,糖尿病患者的血糖应答显著偏高(P<0.01,图2B)。2型糖尿病患者中葡萄糖应答与伴随的胰岛素应答成负相关(r=0.48,P<0.01)。
血浆氨基酸浓度
禁食血浆氨基酸浓度公布于表2。
表2:基底血浆氨基酸浓度
对照 | 2型糖尿病 | |
1-甲基-组氨酸 | 9.5±1.3 | 9.4±1.4 |
3-甲基-组氨酸 | 22.3±2.5 | 27.7±2.0 |
α-氨基丁酸盐(α-Aminobuterate) | 29.2±1.1 | 31.5±1.1 |
丙氨酸 | 370.3±19.2 | 431.1±17.0* |
精氨酸 | 128.1±7.0 | 110.2±3.5* |
天冬酰胺 | 10.0±0.5 | 11.0±0.6 |
天冬胺酸 | 39.0±1.1 | 34.8±1.2* |
瓜氨酸 | 48.9±1.6 | 43.7±3.1 |
半胱氨酸 | 54.1±1.4 | 54.8±1.4 |
谷氨酰胺 | 94.3±4.3 | 109.7±5.9* |
谷氨酸 | 528.5±7.4 | 508.4±14.4 |
甘氨酸 | 208.2±8.8 | 207.8±9.5 |
组氨酸 | 71.9±1.7 | 69.0±1.7 |
异亮氨酸 | 66.0±2.0 | 79.1±2.3* |
亮氨酸 | 122.8±3.0 | 144.9±3.2* |
赖氨酸 | 187.8±4.7 | 204.2±5.4* |
甲硫氨酸 | 21.7±0.6 | 20.6±0.7 |
鸟氨酸 | 50.4±1.6 | 51.7±1.4 |
苯丙氨酸 | 52.6±1.2 | 50.5±1.0 |
脯氨酸 | 77.1±3.1 | 94.7±5.8* |
丝氨酸 | 92.7±1.7 | 90.1±3.0 |
苏氨酸 | 11 2.0±3.7 | 118.6±4.6 |
色氨酸 | 41.3±2.3 | 37.5±1.9 |
酪氨酸 | 62.3±2.9 | 56.8±2.0 |
缬氨酸 | 216.7±5.0 | 252.4±4.9* |
1数值(μmol/L)表达为均值±SEM
对于2型糖尿病患者n=10,对于对照n=10
:必需氨基酸。
*与对照组差异P<0.05。
与匹配的对照相比,2型糖尿病患者在基线上的血浆必需氨基酸(EAA)和非必需氨基酸(NEAA)浓度更高(P<0.05),其中必需氨基酸:亮氨酸(144.9±3.2相对于122.8±3.0μmol/L),异亮氨酸(79.1±2.3相对于66.0±2.0μmol/L),赖氨酸(204.2±5.4相对于187.8±4.7μmol/L)和缬氨酸(252.4±4.9相对于216.7±5.0μmol/L);非必需氨基酸:丙氨酸(431±17.0相对于370.3±19.2μmol/L),谷氨酰胺(109.7±5.9相对于94.3±4.3μmol/L)和脯氨酸(94.7±5.8相对于77.1±3.1μmol/L)。与对照受试者相比,基底、禁食状态下2型糖尿病患者中血浆精氨酸(110±0.6相对于128.1±7.0μmol/L)和天冬氨酸(34.8±1.2相对于39.0±1.1μmol/L)浓度偏低。表3提供了血浆游离氨基酸应答(计算为曲线下基线值上方区域面积)的完整总结。
表3:饮料摄取后血浆氨基酸应答1
对照 | 2型糖尿病 | |||||
CHO | CHO+PRO | CHO+PRO+LEU | CHO | CHO+PRO | CHO+PRO+LEU | |
1-甲基-组氨酸 | -0.2±0.1 | -0.2±0.2 | -0.1±0.1 | -0.5±0.2 | -0.2±0.1 | -0.2±0.2 |
3-甲基-组氨酸 | -1.1±0.7 | 1.3±0.5+ | 0.6±0.6 | -1.8±0.6 | -0.1±0.3* | -0.5±0.6 |
α-氨基丁酸盐(α-Aminobuterate) | -0.6±0.3 | 0.1±0.3 | -0.7±0.1 | -0.5±0.2 | -0.2±0.2 | -0.7±0.3 |
内氨酸 | -0.9±5.7 | 13.0±4.9 | 5.8±4.5 | 5.4±5.2 | 11.8±4.8 | 3.7±6.3 |
精氨酸 | -3.1±1.3 | 0.4±1.0 | -0.5±3.4 | -2.7±1.8 | 0.3±0.9 | 0.7±1.3 |
天冬酰胺 | -2.1±0.4 | 1.4±0.3+ | 0.2±0.2+# | -0.8±0.3 | 1.2±0.4+ | 0.3±0.5 |
天冬胺酸 | -0.2±0.2 | 0.3±0.1 | -0.4±0.2 | -0.3±0.3 | 0.4±0.2 | -0.2±0.1 |
瓜氨酸 | -3.8±0.5 | -0.3±0.4+ | 1.1±0.2+ | -3.4±0.8 | -1.3±0.7 | 0.1±1.0+ |
半胱氨酸 | -0.8±0.3 | -0.8±0.4 | -1.0±0.2 | -0.3±0.3 | -0.6±0.1 | -0.7±0.3 |
谷氨酰胺 | -1 2.5±2.7 | -2.7±1.4+ | 3.6±1.7+ | -4.0±3.2 | -1.5±2.6 | -0.4±10.0 |
谷氨酸 | -3.9±0.9 | 0.0±2.0 | -4.7±1.4 | -1.0±1.5 | 0.2±1.3 | 2.3±1.2 |
甘氨酸 | -6.1±0.8 | -3.8±0.9 | -6.1±1.0 | -4.0±1.7 | -4.3±1.0 | -7.1±1.8 |
组氨酸 | -1.4±0.6 | 1.0±0.4+ | -0.3±0.4 | -1.7±0.5 | 0.2±0.6+ | -1.0±0.6 |
异亮氨酸 | -4.2±0.6 | 4.4±0.5+ | -1.4±0.8+# | -4.4±0.7 | 4.9±0.9+ | 0.7±0.8+# |
亮氨酸 | -7.5±1.1 | 5.6±0.9+ | 81.7±4.3+# | -7.9±1.0 | 5.4±1.3+ | 80.3±26.9+# |
赖氨酸 | -4.9±0.9 | 11.1±1.2+ | 11.4±1.1+ | -4.2±1.2 | 8.2±1.9+ | 6.8±1.0+ |
甲硫氨酸 | -1.5±0.2 | 1.6±0.3+ | 0.9±0.3+ | -1.0±0.2 | 1.5±0.2+ | 0.9±0.3+ |
鸟氨酸 | -2.1±0.2 | 2.0±0.4+ | 2.8±0.3+ | -2.5±0.4 | 1.7±0.3+ | 2.7±0.5+ |
苯丙氨酸 | -2.3±0.4 | 1.7±0.4+ | 0.5±0.4 | -1.5±0.3 | 1.1±0.2+ | 0.8±0.7+ |
脯氨酸 | -1.8±0.7 | 9.4±0.9+ | 6.7±0.9+ | -2.4±0.8 | 9.5±1.1+ | 8.0±1.1+ |
丝氨酪 | -4.3±0.6 | 2.6±0.6+ | -0.2±0.5+# | -1.8±0.5* | 2.6±0.9+ | 0.0±1.4 |
苏氨酸 | -4.5±0.9 | 4.6±0.8+ | 1.3±0.7+# | -3.2±0.9 | 3.9±1.1+ | 1.2±1.5+ |
色氨酸 | -2.3±0.8 | 1.7±0.9+ | 0.1±0.7 | -2.1±0.9 | 0.5±0.3+ | -1.6±0.7 |
酪氨酸 | -3.3±0.5 | 5.0±0.7+ | 4.1±1.3+ | -2.6±0.4 | 3.7±0.6+ | 3.3±0.7+ |
缬氨酸 | -8.4±0.8 | 11.8±1.5+ | 0.2±1.2+# | -7.7±1.4 | 10.9±1.7+ | 3.5±1.3+# |
1数值为曲线下方区域减去基线的面积(mmol/L/4h),并表达为均值±SEM,2型糖尿病n=10,对照n=10
:必需氨基酸。
*各试验间与对照组差异P<0.05。
+组内与CHO试验差异P<0.05。
#组内与CHO+PRO试验差异P<0.05。
通常,氨基酸应答在CHO试验中为阴性,在CHO+PRO试验中为阳性,并在CHO+PRO+LEU试验中共摄取亮氨酸后为一个中间值。观察到了胰岛素应答分别与血浆中下列氨基酸的增加表现出非常强的正相关性:亮氨酸(P<0.001)、瓜氨酸(P<0.001)、半胱氨酸(P<0.04)、赖氨酸(P<0.001)、甲硫氨酸(P<0.04)、鸟氨酸(P<0.01)和脯氨酸(P<0.01)。当计算对非必需氨基酸(NEAA)的应答和对必需氨基酸(NEAA)的应答(除补充的亮氨酸外,EAALEU)时,观察到了下述2型糖尿病患者的应答(图3A)和对照组的应答(图3B)。在2型糖尿病组中,EAA-LEU应答在CHO试验中是阴性的,并且在CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中显著更高(-27.7±5.8相对于31.2±6.1及11.5±4.6mmol/L/4h,P<0.05)。此外,与CHO+PRO试验相比较,CHO+PRO+LEU试验中的EAA-LEU应答显著更低(60±4%,P<0.05)。血浆NEAA应答在CHO试验中是阴性的,并且在糖尿病人的CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中显著更高(-28.8±14.7相对于23.1±8.8及10.2±13.8mmol/L/4h,P<0.05)。在对照组中也有类似的发现。在CHO试验中观察到了阴性的血浆EAA-LEU应答,并在CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中观察到了显著更高的EAA-LEU应答(-35.0±6.7相对于37.9±5.1以及12.7±4.1mmol/L/4h,P<0.05)。在CHO+PRO+LEU试验中额外的亮氨酸导致了与CHO+PRO试验相比较降低了65±5%的血浆EAA-LEU应答(P<0.05)。NEAA应答在CHO试验中是阴性的,并在CHO+PRO试验和CHO+PRO+LEU试验中显著更高(-60.8±13.6相对于27.6±10.6和11.2±9.8mmol/L/4h,P<0.05)。各组之间未观察到氨基酸应答的差异。
Claims (25)
1.组合物,其包含一种氨基酸和蛋白质水解产物。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述一种氨基酸为亮氨酸。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其还包含碳水化合物。
4.如权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的组合物,其适用于在患有前驱糖尿病或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症或确定的2型糖尿病的个体中治疗或预防2型糖尿病(T2DM)。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中存在未水解的蛋白质。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的组合物,其含有足够数量的亮氨酸,能对受试者施用每kg体重0.005g到约每kg体重1g的日剂量。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合物,其含有足够数量的蛋白质水解产物,能对受试者施用每kg体重0.01g到每kg体重约3g的日剂量。
8.权利要求5所述的组合物,其含有足够数量的未水解蛋白质,能对受试者施用每kg体重0.01g到每kg体重约3g的日剂量。
9.权利要求3中任一项所述的组合物,其含有足够数量的碳水化合物,能对受试者施用每kg体重0.01g到每kg体重约7g的日剂量。
10.一种剂量单元,其含有权利要求1-9中任一项所述的组合物。
11.权利要求10所述的剂量单元,其中所述剂量单元形式为固体形式。
12.含有0.01g到约5g亮氨酸的剂量单元。
13.权利要求10-12中任一项所述的剂量单元,其中所述剂量单元包含约0.1g到约50g的蛋白质水解产物。
14.权利要求10-13中任一项所述的剂量单元,其中所述剂量单元包含约0.1g到约50g的未水解蛋白质。
15.权利要求10-14中任一项所述的剂量单元,其中所述剂量单元包含约0.3g到约150g的碳水化合物。
16.如权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的组合物,其为食物或饮料,或是用于食物或饮料的添加剂组合物。
17.亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物的组合的用途,所述亮氨酸以足够向向服用者提供每kg体重0.001g至每kg体重约1g的每日剂量的量来使用,所述蛋白质水解产物以足够向服用者提供每kg体重0.01g至每kg体重约3g的每日剂量的量来使用。
18.权利要求17所述的用途,其中所述组合存在于食物或饮料中,或用于食物或饮料的添加剂组合物中。
19.权利要求18所述的用途,其中所述组合旨在在患有前驱糖尿病或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中用于治疗1型或2型糖尿病,或用于预防2型糖尿病。
20.权利要求19所述的用途,其中所述组合用于制备药物组合物,所述药物组合物用于在患有前驱糖尿病或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中治疗1型或2型糖尿病,或用于预防2型糖尿病。
21.用于在患有前驱糖尿病或葡萄糖耐量受损(IGT)或肥胖症的个体中治疗1型或2型糖尿病,或用于预防2型糖尿病的方法,其包括对需要这类治疗的受试者施用亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物。
22.亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物提高血浆胰岛素的用途。
23.亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物提高2型糖尿病或前驱糖尿病的血浆胰岛素的用途。
24.亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物降低2型糖尿病或前驱糖尿病的餐后血糖浓度的用途。
25.亮氨酸和蛋白质水解产物提高2型糖尿病或前驱糖尿病的餐后血液胰岛素浓度的用途。
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ES2363118T3 (es) * | 2007-10-02 | 2011-07-20 | Isme Privates Forschungsinstitut Für Sport, Medizin Und Ernährung Gmbh | Nutrimiento para uso para la mejora acelerada del comportamiento fisiológico. |
US20090186098A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Jose Briceno | Sports drink composition |
CA2764571C (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Glycomacropeptide medical foods for nutritional management of phenylketonuria and other metabolic disorders |
US20110091606A1 (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-04-21 | Todd Ehrlich | Dietary Supplements in Beverages or Other Forms, and Methods of Use and Production |
CN102917604B (zh) * | 2010-03-12 | 2015-01-07 | 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 | 掩蔽营养素味道的组合物及其制备方法 |
JP5593103B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-23 | 2014-09-17 | テルモ株式会社 | アミノ酸含有総合栄養食品およびその製造方法 |
WO2014078459A1 (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-22 | Nusirt Sciences, Inc. | Compositions and methods for increasing energy metabolism |
US9345727B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-24 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Nutritional compositions containing a peptide component and uses thereof |
US8889633B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-11-18 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Nutritional compositions containing a peptide component with anti-inflammatory properties and uses thereof |
US9352020B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-31 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Reducing proinflammatory response |
US9289461B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-22 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Reducing the risk of autoimmune disease |
US9345741B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-24 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Nutritional composition containing a peptide component with adiponectin simulating properties and uses thereof |
US9138455B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-09-22 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Activating adiponectin by casein hydrolysate |
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US20060171992A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2006-08-03 | Gerhardt Cinderella C | Blood glucose regulating composition |
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EA012300B1 (ru) | 2009-08-28 |
CN101106914B (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
JP2008527020A (ja) | 2008-07-24 |
BRPI0606687A2 (pt) | 2009-07-14 |
CN102860520A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
US20080075828A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
ATE491349T1 (de) | 2011-01-15 |
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EP1838172B1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
EA200701528A1 (ru) | 2007-12-28 |
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