CN101091436B - Planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed planting method, in particular, it relates to a composite capsule seed seedling-cultivating planting method. Said method includes the following several steps: a, defining seed variety to be filled into capsule, checking and verifying nutrient characteristics of said seed variety, defining object yield and growth stage, getting soil type of planting land, water content condition and disease and pests data related to said variety; b, designing formula of development powder, according to the step a defining mixing ratio of 14 nutrient elements, selecting variety of bactericides, fungicide and pesticide, selecting variety of slow-release fertilizer, calculating weight of above-mentioned every raw material and calculating filling amount of development powder; C, according to the step b, designing internal volume of capsule, according to the step a defining form of seed variety capsule; and d, according to the step c making capsule and making planting.

Description

Planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of seed kind method for planting, particularly a kind of planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule.

Technical background

In current agricultural production, the nonstandard method that the peasant takes in order to devote exclusive attention to output has caused many abominable consequences, for example: the excessive chemical fertilizer of using, cause soil to harden owing to the content of organic matter descends, the nitrate content in the agricultural product exceeds standard.Excessive applying pesticides makes that the persticide residue in the agricultural product exceeds standard, and pollutes local water and soil environment, and the incident of acute food poisoning happens occasionally, and that chronic poisoning involved was wider.So not only waste resource but also poison we self,, eliminate the toxin remains, can avoid above-mentioned ill effect if can solve the excessive problem of using of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals effectively.But it is a kind of distributed extremely nonstandard labor style that the peasant tills the land, and can not require several hundred million peasants all is the expert of scientific farming.Therefore, in the middle of distributed farming operation reality, want to guarantee the quality of agricultural product, need a kind of effective industrial method and solve the difficult problem that chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals are precisely used, solve standardization, precision, the simplification, innoxious, legal of agricultural production, allow the peasant really use high-tech " fool's technology ".

Publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN1391785A discloses a double-deck clothing agent technology of planting, though this kind clothing agent method can play certain anti-seedling stage diseases and pests effect, without any effect, still needs the dispenser of applying fertilizer for the crop late growing stage in the planting process.Because the root-knot nematode that need kill has had very strong pesticide resistance, so the outer dressing of this technology is hypertoxic pest-resistant medicine furans pellet, and exposed outside, poisoned by the human body contact easily.The furans pellet is that agricultural chemicals is used in the restriction that the Ministry of Agriculture announces.

Planting the clothing agent needed before adhering to the surface of the seed through a hydrolysis, and sneaked into a considerable amount of adhesives, and its physico chemical property will change to some extent, and usefulness can weaken to some extent, and it is few therefore can be effectively applied to kind of the material category of clothing agent.The kind clothing that adheres to needs oven dry, in this process, seed itself is also had certain damage.

The seed of crops is very sensitive for temperature and moisture, in adhesion process, seed is met water, is met high temperature, to Seed Dormancy is a kind of destruction, the defective that can cause plant is sprouted or growth, if this situation takes place after plantation, unpredictalbe otherness can appear, will cause damage irredeemablely.

Kind of clothing method also has a shortcoming, and the material that can be wrapped in the surface of the seed is very limited, such as, diameter is difficult in its surface and adheres to how many things securely, equably less than the seed of 1mm.In addition, the shape of the seed in the natural world is very strange, what not every seed can dressing, seriously limited its range of application.

Publication number be the Chinese patent of CN1329814A disclosed be a kind of seed processing technology that prevents rosette stage growth, this technology only is applicable to the cut-flower plantation, is not suitable for other crops.The artificial rosette stage of removing plant growing is that a kind of lopsided giving birth to planted, and its plantation order ground is seriously different with agricultural planting order ground.For the ease of sowing, the method that this technology is taked is that small seed is wrapped in the aqueous gel, and its volume is increased.For the unlikely sprouting ahead of time that causes seed, some specially designed methods in operating process, have been taked.

Publication number be the Chinese patent of CN86106145A disclosed be a kind of seed processing technology, this technology is to be provided for the moisture that germinates in advance with the method that the hydration gel pack is wrapped up in seed, accelerate to sprout, be moisture soft capsule; Short-term is preserved (0-7 days), is a kind of presowing treatment; Need to add growth inhibitor, this point contradicts with the technical goal that seed is sprouted ahead of time; Because moisture in the capsule, the environmental temperature of preservation there is certain requirement.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule, create a suitable soil microenvironment to crop when overcoming above-mentioned prior art defective, plant all is encapsulated in the special capsule together with seed at target needed main (a large amount of with trace) nutrient in vegetative period, growth promoter, innoxious agricultural chemicals, water-loss reducer etc., guarantee the growth demand of crop, farming, production of forestry planting process are reached: standardization, precision, simplification, nuisancelessization.And can not make farming, forestry products that different safe mass standards and very big output difference are arranged because of the different places of production, different operating person's method of operating.

The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked:

Planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule has following step,

A, determine the seed variety that incapsulates, check and verify this seed variety nutritive peculiarity, determine target output, vegetative period, obtain soil types, water regime and the damage by disease and insect data relevant of planting site with this kind;

The prescription of powder is grown in b, design,

According to the nutritive peculiarity among the step a, determine the proportioning of 14 kinds of nutritive element carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, chlorine;

According to the kind of damage by disease and insect data selection bacteria agent relevant among the step a, select the kind of sterilization, insecticide;

According to the vegetative period of crop among the step a, select the kind of slow release fertilizer;

Calculate the nutrient demand total amount according to target output among the step a, and calculate the weight of above-mentioned various raw materials according to this;

Grow the filling total amount of powder according to above-mentioned data computation.

C, the filling total amount that calculates according to step b, the internal volume of design capsule;

Shape according to the definite seed variety design capsule of step a.

D, make capsule, plant after the capsule manufacturing finishes according to step c.

Between step c, d, a step g is arranged, be that seed sterilization, deinsectization ovum are handled, load the inclosure capsule together with growing powder.

In the kind of step b slow release fertilizer, the slow-release nitrogen phospho potash complex fertilizer accounts for 70～80% of the grain weight amount of growing; The bacteria containing amount of bacteria agent 〉=30,000,000,000/gram, weight account for 5～20% of the grain weight amount of growing; The disease and insect resisting bio medicament accounts for 5～10% of the grain weight amount of growing.

The planform of capsule described in the step c has: sheet, spherical, column, discoid, band shape or tubbiness.

When capsule is the column capsule among the described step c, indicate the direction of growth of root on its surface; When described capsule is the capsule dish, have the hole of emerging on this capsule dish card, the water yield is watered in the high restriction in limit, and trying to get to the heart of a matter has the root hole of going out.

Capsule is respectively to the lining by table: protective layer (5), be coated with thing layer (4), housing (3), grow powder (2) and seed (1); protective layer (5) is the hydrolysis adhesive that one deck has certain degree of hardness; by protective layer (5), be coated with thing layer (4), housing (3) is formed a seamless integral body, dress seed (1) in it, grows powder (2).

Have at least one seed in the described single capsule, described seed variety is one or more, and at least one seamless whole capsule is arranged in the described single capsule, and growing powder in the described capsule has one or more.

One step h is arranged after described steps d, and the kind of observation seed growing way and damage by disease and insect and extent of injury, mensuration output are measured quality; One step I is arranged after described step h, the modular in design scheme, the compilation operation file comprises: the name of an article of capsule crop, vegetative period, target output, kind method for planting, mark inscription; The kind of 14 kinds of nutritive elements and proportioning; The soil types of suitable planting or zone; The season of suitable planting and vegetative period; Target output when ensureing water supply; Pest species that may suffer and degree.

Plantation in the described steps d is test plantation, then, e, grows the proportioning and the loadings of powder, repeating step b, c, d according to the result of the test adjustment of steps d; At last, f, plantation.

When needing implant mass, described step f is plantation on a small scale, and repeating step e carries out implant mass at last then.

The beneficial effect of planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule of the present invention is:

1, crops and the woods crop soil microenvironment around seedling stage its root is crucial, is related to its emergence rate, survival rate, is subjected to damage by disease and insect to infect the growing way of degree, plant and fruit yield or the like.Compare with traditional agricultural planting mode, the present invention reduces in the production planting process even removes fertilising, dispenser operation, the generation of public hazards such as exceed standard of fertilizer, the medicine of avoiding nonstandard planting patterns to cause.

2, the present invention in other respects as: forest cultivation, flowers, grass cultivation, Chinese herbal medicine plantation etc. also have purposes very widely.

3, the present invention provides the good technical guarantee condition for development city sightseeing agricultural, the potted plant vegetables of balcony, soilless culture etc.

4, the present invention has increased the feasibility of carrying out not relying on or lacking the solid growth mode that relies on cultivated land greatly, comprises the soilless culture of batch production.Utilize the space, the meaning of saving the arable land is bigger.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of cylinder (ball) shape capsule

Fig. 2 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of single seed, individual layer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 3 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of multiple son, individual layer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 4 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of single seed, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 5 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of single seed, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 6 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of multiple son, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 7 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of another multiple son, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 8 is the cross section structure schematic diagram of another multiple son, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule

Fig. 9 is a capsule band cross section structure schematic diagram

Figure 10 is the side structure schematic diagram of capsule band

Figure 11 is a cylindrical capsule cross section structure schematic diagram

Figure 12 is another cylindrical capsule cross section structure schematic diagram

Figure 13 is a capsule dish structural representation

Figure 14 is another improved capsule dish structural representation

Reference numeral

1, seed, 2, grow powder, 3, housing, 4, coating, 5 protective layers, 6 capsules, 7 adjuvants.

Arrow is represented the root growth direction

Embodiment

Shown in Fig. 1-14, planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule of the present invention is as follows:

1, at first determine the kind of the crop seed that incapsulates, check and verify this kind the nutritional need characteristic, determine target output, vegetative period, obtain soil types, water regime and the data such as common disease insect pest relevant of planting site with this kind.

2, the prescription of powder is grown in design: according to 1, in the nutritional need characteristic, determine the proportioning of 14 kinds of nutritive element carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, chlorine, will consider the wastage of nutrient in the actual planting process in case of necessity.Select the kind of bacteria agent, select the kind of sterilization, worm agent, wherein: the slow-release nitrogen phospho potash complex fertilizer accounts for 70～80% of the grain weight amount of growing; The bacteria containing amount of bacteria agent 〉=30,000,000,000/gram, weight account for 5～20% of the grain weight amount of growing; The disease and insect resisting bio medicament accounts for 5～10% of the grain weight amount of growing; The weight of other materials accounts for grows below 10% of grain weight amount.

3,, select the kind of slow release fertilizer according to the vegetative period of crop.Calculate the nutrient demand total amount according to target output, and calculate the weight of various raw materials according to this.Calculate the filling total amount of growing powder.

4, according to 3, the filling total amount that calculates, the internal volume of design capsule.According to 1, the shape of the kind design capsule determined.

5, seed sterilization, deinsectization ovum are handled, loaded the inclosure capsule together with growing powder.The column capsule will be noted the position of seed in capsule, help germinateing, and capsule surface will be indicated the direction of growth of root.

6, test plantation after capsule installs, the kind of observation growing way and damage by disease and insect and extent of injury, mensuration output are measured quality.

7, grow the proportioning and the loadings of powder according to the measured result adjustment, repeat 2,3,4,5,6 in case of necessity.

8, design typing, the compilation operation file comprises: the name of an article of capsule crop, vegetative period, target output, kind method for planting, mark inscription; The kind of 14 kinds of nutritive elements and proportioning; The soil types of suitable planting or zone; The season of suitable planting and vegetative period roughly; Roughly target output when ensureing water supply; Pest species that may suffer and degree etc.

9, the small-scale popularizing planting repeats 7 in case of necessity.

10, large-scale promotion plantation.

11, among the present invention there be the planform of " capsule ": sheet, spherical, column, discoid, banded, tubbiness etc.; Sandwich construction; Have the protection structure: growth hole, growth protecting pipe, growth guiding tube.In addition, the quality that gets stuck has: soft, rigid, can have the guiding direction of growth.(see: accompanying drawing 1-14)

As Fig. 1, cylinder (ball) shape capsule is respectively to the lining by table: protective layer 5, be coated with thing layer 4, housing 3, grow powder 2 and seed 1.Protective layer 5 is one deck stable performances, and the hydrolysis adhesive of certain degree of hardness is arranged.The component of other parts as previously mentioned.Form a seamless cylinder (ball) shape integral body by housing 3 and part in addition; protect the fill in it; sow bury back casing (can be polyacrylamide) hydrolysis and full of water branch; at seed 1 and grow six of powder 2 and form high moisture guarantor layer, and the material in it and seed provide moisture lentamente.Formed water-bearing layer is one barrier, plays suction, releases water, prevents that nutrient from outflowing, preventing the multiple action of the invasion of disease worm, prolongation water supply time, improvement rhizosphere soil structure.

What housing 3 sucked is irrigation water or ambient water, adds some medicaments as required in irrigation water, can make the water-bearing layer possess the ability of diseases prevention and insect protected for a long time after watering, and has prolonged the term of validity of dispenser.Because the characteristic of polyacrylamide itself can absorb water repeatedly in the time in 1 year, release water, brings into play the effect of miniature cistern, not only using water wisely but also save dispenser.

As improvement, be single seed, individual layer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule as Fig. 2, adorn a kind of prescription in it and grow powder 6, adorn a seed.Its size dimension is decided with design, and the design reference value comprises: grow powder 6 loadings, seed appearance and size, growth pattern, soil water regime etc.

As improvement, be multiple son, individual layer capsule, cylinder (ball) type composite seed with capsule as Fig. 3, adorn a kind of prescription in it and grow powder 6, adorn the seed 1 of one (or many) different cultivars.Planting two kinds of crops between needs maybe needs to adopt the capsule of this kind structure in the strong seedling.

Have the effect of the growth of helping each other between a little Different Crop, in order to make wherein a kind of target crop growing way better, the crop seed 1 that increases auxiliary kind in capsule is together grown.

Perhaps,, sow two kinds simultaneously and interfere with each other little crop seed 1, also adopt this kind structure for the availability and the unit are output value that improves the soil.

As multiple son, multilayer capsule, cylinder (ball) the type composite seed with capsule of Fig. 4-8, the similar Fig. 3 of its purposes, one or more prescriptions of dress are grown powder in it, and one or more adjuvants of filling a prescription include one (or many) layers housing, adorn one or many seeds.Adjuvant is the material that plays a role after seed sprouts, and generally is that growth regulator, water-loss reducer, virucide, insecticide, rodenticide, alkalinity reducing agent, soil conditioner etc. mix.From the design of action time, outer casing at first decomposes, and adjuvant is at first played a role, the create environment condition.Internal layer shell decomposes then, and seed begins growth.

As improvement, as Fig. 9,10, the design feature of its capsule band is: volume (row) packing, multiple minor structure.In order to adapt to mechanical seeding operation, capsule is made slabbing, two ends interconnect, and form long band, or volume or packing in a row, are broadcast into soil continuously by special sower.With last every independent capsule is a kind of in other capsule structures (Fig. 1-8), just makes flat pattern.

As improvement, as Figure 11, the 12nd, the cylindricality composite seed with capsule, its design feature is: single seed, single capsule, single-shot are educated powder, long column type.This some root crop of system's suitable planting, as: radish, shallot, vegetables Chinese yam, some traditional Chinese medicine etc.Native system must be indicated the direction of growth of crop at its outer surface, will put seed by the tram when filling, is convenient to the crop smooth growth.

As improvement, as Figure 13, the 14th, capsule dish-type composite seed with capsule, its design feature is: multiple son, list (or many) capsule capsule, list (or many) growth powder and adjuvant, dish-type.This capsule dish card has the hole of emerging, and the high restriction in limit is watered the water yield, the root hole of having tried to get to the heart of a matter out.

Native system suitable planting sprout vegetable class crop and herbage flower, as: bean seedlings, Chinese toon seedling etc.In the plantation of herbage flower, native system possesses very big advantage, can utilize the flowers of native system plantation different cultivars and different colours to form pattern in a dish, or form large-scale pattern by a plurality of dishes, a plurality of kind.

The present invention is a kind of brand-new seed treatment, grow seedlings, plant method for planting, it and traditional seed treatment, grows seedlings, plants method for planting very big difference is arranged.Key technology of the present invention has three:

The first, make seed with capsule: adopt type of feed, with a seed, through (70 ℃ of detoxification, deinsectizations, 1 minute) etc. together load and be encapsulated in the hard shell capsules with growing powder after the basic handling, the hard coat of capsule suction is after planting decomposed, form high water-bearing layer around, seed absorbs the nutrition and the moisture of growing powder therein and germinates, grows.Because the size dimension of capsule decide with seed, the seed of therefore inserting capsule can be size and arbitrary shape arbitrarily, also can be the indefinite bud that wrapped up by solidified oil, adventive root, growing point, stem top etc.

The second, powder is grown in allotment: growing powder is dry powder shape mixture, is at seed specific in the capsule and special preparation, grows powder and possesses: disease-resistant, pest-resistant, promote single or compound action such as growth.Adopt different prescriptions according to the nutritional need characteristic of Different Crop, order ground is to play precisely to use, reduce fertilizer damage and poisoning, eco-friendly effect.Roughly the class material is all or part of mixes: slowly-releasing chemical fertilizer by six to grow powder, as: coated with resin fertilizer, equal one, microcapsules, hollow fibre etc. one or more, the short bacteria agent PGPB that gives birth to of plant rhizosphere, as: bacillus Bacillus sp., actinomycetes Actinomycetes etc. one or more, the disease and insect resisting bio medicament, as: 1 insecticide: Avermectin Abamectin, matrine Matrine, phoxim Phoim, the special Fiponil of sharp strength, Le Siben Chlorpyrifos, bacillus thuringiensis,Bt Bt, Imidacloprid Imidaclopid etc. one or more.2, bactericide (removing bacterial pesticide extremely): breathe out time wooden mould wetting powder Tr ichodex, special Garrick wetting powder, green prosperous No. 2, carbendazim etc. one or more, a large amount of and middle trace element, as: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulphur, iron, magnesium, boron, molybdenum, chelating titanium etc. one or more, growth regulating and promoter, as: gibberellin gibberellic, chitosan chitosan, drop-proof agent 4-CPA, heteroauxin indoleacetic acid, methyl 1-naphthyacetic acid etc. one or more, soil conditioner is as polyacrylamide, humus, polysaccharide etc.

The loadings of growing powder in the capsule is divided into three class, i.e. three target vegetative period: 1, seedling growth: the usefulness of taking root only for seed sprouting, and as crop seedling, edible bud seedling class plant; 2, early growth: can be for the usefulness of seed sprouting and early growth, as indeterminate growth type tomato; 3, full phase growth: can be made for the usefulness of thing growth in the time of infertility, as term growth leaf vegetables plant.

Three, capsule: as shown in Figure 1, capsule is a hard shell body under drying regime, is used for loading seed prior to seeding and grows powder, and suction after planting is decomposed to form a floor height water-bearing layer.Capsule is made up of three layers of material: housing, coating, protective layer.

1, housing: the composition of housing is mainly made by water-loss reducer, as: cross-linked polyacrylamide Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide, CLP, methylolation starch, carboxy methyl cellulose, soybean protein, pectin, shitosan etc.In several years after water-loss reducer is used, can in soil, " absorb-store-discharge " moisture repeatedly for plant utilization.Can around seed, form the long-acting high water-bearing layer of one deck after the housing suction disintegration, resemble a small-sized cistern, in order to seed sprouting.At the size and the growth pattern of Different Crop seed, housing has different sizes and shape.

2, coating: the main effect of coated substance is: insect protected, rat destruction, drive fowl.It mixes coating by insecticide, dieting agent for mouse and bird materials such as (patented technologies) and forms.

3, protective layer: protective layer its following material of protection in seed with capsule storage and transportation is not damaged.Protective layer also can combine with packing material.

Aim of the present invention is the application by capsule and growth powder, give agricultural, forestry crop seed sprouting, seedling stage and vegetative period a suitable soil microenvironment, in the hope of reaching: safety, precisely, energy-saving and environmental protection, standardization, simplification, reduce cost, improve the order ground of quality.

Below be the result of the test that " indeterminate growth type tomato " seed adopts the method for the invention to obtain:

1, test method: potted plant growing seedlings.Make ten of seed with capsule, every potted plant one.Other gets ten bare seeds in contrast, one in every basin.Get dish circle soil and adorn 20 basins, wherein 10 basins are handled, 10 basins contrasts (contrast every basin and execute 5 of diamines).Test is disinfected with soil, and the test seed does not do sterilization and vernalization is handled.

2, seed with capsule prescription: one of naked kind; Capsule adopts common capsule for medicine; Grow powder: coating sustained-released fertilizer (Inst. of Genetics and Development Biology, CAS agricultural resources research center) accounts for 80%, benefit germ agent (Chinese agricultural university plant ecological Graduate School of Engineering) accounts for 19%, and green prosperous No. 2 (Beijing north farming green prosperous development in science and technology Co., Ltd) accounts for 1%.

3, experimentation: in the greenhouse, April 20 sowed, and May 5 began to emerge.Result such as following table:

Handle

Test strain number

The fate of on average emerging

The 15 per day plant heights of emerging

Emerge 15 per day long

Damping off takes place

Capsule is handled

10

13

7cm

12cm

0

Contrast

10

12

4cm

5cm

1

Sum up: experiment shows that it is that effectively the incidence of disease of capsule processed group damping off is: 0 that capsule is handled the diseases prevention prescription that is adopted; The incidence of disease of control group damping off is: 10%.Promote in the prescription that the bacteria agent and the slow release fertilizer of growth have also played certain effect.

The corps nutrient demand characteristics studies show that: the effect of plant absorbing mineral trace element is relevant to the resistance of disease with it, because continuous cropping plantation, often lack in the soil calcium, iron, sulphur, molybdenum, boron, etc. trace element, utilize the present invention can be according to nutritive peculiarity and the soil regime of crop, strengthen crop to trace elements absorbed, improve the yield and quality of crops, also can make the plant of cultivating to reach previous unapproachable opposing effect, thereby cause reducing the use of bactericide root disease.

Nutritive element slowly-releasing (Slow release fertilizer) and controlled-release technology: nitrogenous fertilizer is the amount of application maximum in crop genetics, and executes the back percent of loss also more than other element height, average out to 30～50%, thereby the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer significance of application is especially great.Common has: ureaformaldehyde (UF) 38-0-0, isobutene are pitched two ureas (IBDU) 30-0-0 etc.The using liquid urease inhibitor can be made into slow-release carbamide in urea production line, compares with common urea, use the slow-release carbamide crops and on average increase production 8～12%, its reason be exactly nitrogen lentamente, absorbed manyly by crop continuously." nano material adhesive coating type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer " its micelle diameter is all in 100 nanometers, can make the needs of rate of release basic symbols cooperation thing breeding time of nutrient to fertilizer, only need at the sowing previous crops base manure applied once that plows, fertilizer nutrient can slowly discharge in soil, fertilizer efficiency can reach the several months, can satisfy the nutrient demand of crop different growing.The large tracts of land of coating sustained-released disposable fertilizer 13 counties and cities in Hebei province is promoted, continuous 6 annuals volume increase 13.5%, improve 8～10% than general composite fertilizer availability, under the yield level of 500 kilograms of wheat per mu yields, 550 kilograms of corns, 100 kilograms of gined cottons, can realize that all one batch of crop executes disposable fertilizer.With one batch of traditional crop should basal dressing, seed manure topdresses again to be reduced to once and applies, and directly reduces operating cost about 20%.

Precisely plant production technology: the precision agriculture technology with macroscopic view combines, the present invention can realize precisely control plantation of microcosmic (individual plant crop), according to predefined result (comprising: kind, output, quality, vegetative period, sick worm protection needs, environmental requirement), the growth elements that apolegamy needs, calculate the requirement of various growth key elements, there is not superfluous components, according to the prescription and the consumption of actual demand design growth powder, assembling seed with capsule.Reach and use the accurate of fertilizer, dosage, do not waste, free from environmental pollution.

The novel water-saving technology: except the water-saving technology of irrigation aspect, the main utilizable microcosmic of the present invention (individual plant crop) water-saving technology is chemical water-loss reducer (polyacrylamide PAM).The effect of chemistry water-loss reducer is an absorbing environmental water in a large number, concentrates also to discharge lentamente to crop around the rhizosphere that remains on crop to absorb.The main component of water-loss reducer is the macromolecular material of high-hydroscopicity, can absorb and keep being equivalent to the moisture of own wt hundreds of even several thousand times.Its principal character is: (1) swelling ratio is big, and water absorbing capacity is strong.After water-loss reducer is manured into soil, rainwater or irrigation water can be attracted deposits, when plant hydropenia, slowly discharge moisture again, improve the emergence rate under the drought condition greatly, make that cultivating of soil becomes possibility under extreme soil and weather conditions.(2) have water conservation and release the water-based energy.Moisture that water-loss reducer keeps 85～90% for the absorbable free water of crop, water conservation with release the water process and in 2～3 years, can use repeatedly.(3) improve the soil, conserve water and soil, reduce soil water evaporation and deep percolation.(4) improve soil moisture and utilization rate of fertilizer.Generally can make the soil moisture availability improve 10～20% after water-loss reducer uses, utilization rate of fertilizer improves 20～30%.In addition, because the itself nontoxic pollution-free, thereby meet the requirement of the ecological agriculture and agricultural sustainable development.

The agricultural microorganism application technology: microbial manure is that the vital movement with microorganism causes crop to obtain a kind of goods of specific fertilizer effect, in the good microenvironment of moisture condition, can give full play to the beneficial microorganism growth promoting function.Microorganism manure strain commonly used comprises: bacillus licheniformis Bacillus licheniformis (we igmann) Chaester, bacillusmusilaginosiengineering Bacillus mucilaginosusKrasilnikov, Bacillus cercus Bacillus cereus Flankland et Flankland, blown-ball Azotobacter Azotobacterchrooccum Beijerinck, bacillus subtilis Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn, Jingyang streptomycete Streptomycesjingyangensis Tao et al, or the like.Some bacterial classification possesses the function of phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, fixed nitrogen to some extent in them, can also secrete growth promoting substances such as multiple growth stimulant, amino acid, the basic element of cell division, is effectively replenishing of chemical straight fertilizer.Some bacterial classification possesses the effect of very strong antagonism pathogenic bacteria, can some pathogenic microorganism of antagonism (as: sickle-like bacteria, verticillium sp, pythium spp etc.) and produce and suppress disease, improve the function of crops resistance.These beneficial microbes also possess stronger soil activating ability, and activation is made it to be utilized by plant absorbing by mineral nutritions such as the phosphorus of soil fixation, potassium, help plant roots to absorb moisture and various trace elements and cause production-increasing function.Microbial manure is by directly promoting plant growth and solid, and with two channel actings in conjunction of indirect volume increase of resisting disease, the minimizing underproduction, its effect of increasing production is tangible.

The biological control guard technology: controlling bacterium with bacterium is to utilize above-mentioned agricultural microorganism bacterial classification antagonism pathogenic bacteria, in the hope of reaching the order ground of diseases prevention.At occurring in nature, natural antagonism and the scope of every kind of microorganism are limited, every kind of microorganism in the compound microbial inoculum all passes through screening and transforms, its antimicrobial spectrum short of money and disease-resistant scope are not exclusively overlapping mutually, the stack sum that the total disease-resistant bacterium spectrum of compound microbial inoculum is the disease-resistant bacterium spectrum of each single culture, therefore disease-resistant scope is very wide.Controlling worm with bacterium is to utilize the pathogenic microorganism of insect to kill off the insect pests.This quasi-microorganism comprises bacterium, fungi, germ, eobiont etc., and people and animals are not all had influence, and is safer during use, non-residual toxicity, insect also can't develop immunity to drugs to bacterium, and therefore, the insecticidal effect of microbial pesticide comes out at the top in all Prevention Technique.The pathogenic microorganism of insect mainly is bacillus thuringiensis,Bt tens section's types such as (Bacillus thuringiensis), and it can produce a kind of toxin in the insect metabolic processes, makes insect eat the back enteron aisle paralysis takes place, and causes quadriplegia, stops feed; After the bacterium that has entered the insect haemocoele, a large amount of breedings caused the insect septicemia and death.Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt control of maize snout moth's larva, rice plant skipper, cotton bollworm, the plain worm of cigarette, cabbage caterpillar all have remarkable result, become the primary kind of world today's microbial pesticide insecticide.

The soil melioration technology: polyacrylamide PAM is the macromolecule long-chain polymer of synthetic, and water-soluble molecular weight is higher than 5,000,000 dalton.Have a lot of active genes on the molecule.The PAM preparation belongs to the anionic preparation, and its biological stability is strong, is difficult in soil by microbial decomposition, and is can any ratio water-soluble and not stratified, nontoxic, is a kind of free of contamination soil structure conditioner.Every 60gPAM can prevent that 1 ton of table regolith water from washing away.In addition, it can increase the permeability of water, suppresses the erosion of surface runoff to soil, prevents the topsoil skinning.

Utilize effective farming operational means to reach and produce order ground: in capsule; the growth powder of being made up of additive is concentrated and is enclosed in around the seed; play one's part to the full; reduce as far as possible and run off; be decomposed to form the moisture protective layer of one deck at skin by the capsule suction; guarantee that material wherein plays a role, guarantee the seed sprouting growth.Capsule shell is designed to guide the shape of plant growth simultaneously, can contain crop required complete nutrients matter in the time of infertility, and this is a kind of new farming method of operating.For example: in the plantation of vegetables Chinese yam, in order to reach certain output and commodity (appearance characteristics), make a call to earlier the hole of a certain depth on planting site, the soil in the loose hole is in order to growth.The present invention can make capsule the long profile that can guide its growth according to this characteristic.In the plantation of indeterminate growth type tomato, utilize the slow release method of fertilizer, in the disposable bigger capsule of packing into of whole fertilizer that whole growing is required.

Above-mentioned advanced comprehensive is used, is embodied a concentrated reflection of above the prescription of the growth powder in the capsule, and a lot of technology only under the capsule environment could by effectively, accurately use, give full play to its effect.A natural exposed common seed is mixed and is grown powder and hard shell capsules, has just become the synthesis of a reinforcement, a composite type seed.The primary characteristic that its external physiological property that shows has been not only a bare seed is that a kind of people is the reinforcing property that increases, subtracts, revises.By the reinforcement of this function, make the standardization of agricultural, innoxious, targeted production become possibility, make design and cultivate improved seeds to be more prone to.Here it is order of the present invention ground, promptly design a kind of method, agricultural science and technology with many advanced persons, easy, effectively, at low cost applied in any combination among actual agricultural production, make agricultural product production reach green, non-harmful standard, reach the free of contamination standard of environmental friendliness, reach the output of appropriateness simultaneously.

Claims (7)

1. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule is characterized in that: following step is arranged,

A, determine the seed variety that incapsulates, check and verify this seed variety nutritive peculiarity, determine vegetative period of target output, crop, obtain soil types, water regime and the damage by disease and insect data relevant of planting site with this seed variety;

The prescription of powder is grown in b, design,

According to the nutritive peculiarity of the seed variety among the step a, determine the weight proportion of 14 kinds of nutritive element carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, chlorine;

According to the kind of damage by disease and insect data selection bacteria agent relevant among the step a, select the kind of bactericide, insecticide;

According to the vegetative period of crop among the step a, select the kind of slow release fertilizer;

Calculate the nutrient demand total amount according to target output among the step a, and calculate the weight of above-mentioned 14 kinds of each nutritive elements of nutritive element according to this;

Weight according to above-mentioned 14 kinds of each nutritive elements of nutritive element is calculated the filling total amount of growing powder;

C, the filling total amount that calculates according to step b, the internal volume of design capsule;

Shape according to the definite seed variety design capsule of step a;

D, make capsule, test plantation after the capsule manufacturing finishes according to step c;

E, the kind of observing seed growing way and damage by disease and insect and extent of injury, mensuration output are measured quality;

F, grow the proportioning and the loadings of powder according to the measurement result adjustment of step e;

G, modular in design scheme, the compilation operation file comprises: the name of an article of capsule crop, vegetative period, target output, kind method for planting, mark inscription; The kind of above-mentioned 14 kinds of nutritive elements and weight proportion; The soil types of suitable planting or zone; The season of suitable planting and vegetative period; Target output when ensureing water supply; Pest species that may suffer and degree;

H, small-scale popularizing planting;

I, carry out implant mass at last.

2. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 1 is characterized in that: between step c, d, a step j being arranged, is that seed sterilization, deinsectization ovum are handled, and loads the inclosure capsule together with growing powder.

3. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the kind of step b slow release fertilizer, the slow-release nitrogen phospho potash complex fertilizer accounts for 70～80% of the grain weight amount of growing; The bacteria containing amount of bacteria agent 〉=30,000,000,000/gram, weight account for 5～20% of the grain weight amount of growing; The disease and insect resisting bio medicament accounts for 5～10% of the grain weight amount of growing.

4. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the planform of capsule described in the step c has: sheet, spherical, column, discoid, band shape or tubbiness.

5. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 4 is characterized in that: when capsule is the column capsule among the described step c, indicate the direction of growth of root on its surface; When described capsule is discoid capsule dish, have the hole of emerging on this capsule dish card, the water yield is watered in the high restriction in limit, and trying to get to the heart of a matter has the root hole of going out.

6. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: capsule is respectively to the lining by table: protective layer (5), be coated with thing layer (4), housing (3), grow powder (2) and seed (1); protective layer (5) is the hydrolysis adhesive that one deck has certain degree of hardness; by protective layer (5), be coated with thing layer (4), housing (3) is formed a seamless integral body, dress seed (1) in it, grows powder (2).

7. planting method for raising seedling composite seed with capsule according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: have at least one seed in the single described capsule, described seed variety is more than one, and at least one seamless whole capsule is arranged in the single described capsule, and growing powder in the described capsule has more than one.

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