CN101090908A - 具有抗炎活性的共轭物 - Google Patents
具有抗炎活性的共轭物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101090908A CN101090908A CNA2005800451452A CN200580045145A CN101090908A CN 101090908 A CN101090908 A CN 101090908A CN A2005800451452 A CNA2005800451452 A CN A2005800451452A CN 200580045145 A CN200580045145 A CN 200580045145A CN 101090908 A CN101090908 A CN 101090908A
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- compound
- acid
- solvate
- acceptable salt
- pharmacologically acceptable
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I所示的新化合物:其中M表示亚结构VIII的大环内酯亚单元:L表示亚结构IX或XIII的链:Z表示衍生至具有抗炎活性的甾体或非甾体药物(NSAID)的甾体或非甾体亚单元;本发明还涉及这样制备的化合物的可药用盐和溶剂化物、它们的制备方法和中间体、以及它们在治疗人和动物炎性疾病和病症中改善了的治疗作用和用途。
Description
发明背景
抗炎药物可分为甾体和非甾体抗炎药物。甾体抗炎化合物仍然是治疗各种炎性疾病和病症例如:哮喘,炎性鼻疾病如过敏性鼻炎、鼻息肉,肠疾病如克罗恩氏病、结肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎,皮肤炎症如湿疹、牛皮癣、变应性皮炎、神经性皮炎、瘙痒症,结膜炎和类风湿性关节炎最有效的化合物。这类药物除了具有出色的效力和有效性外,还存在多种不利副作用(例如糖代谢紊乱,钙再吸收减少,内源性皮质激素分泌减少和脑垂体、肾上腺皮质和胸腺生理功能紊乱)。市售甾体药可非常有效地对抗炎性病症和进程,然而其全身性副作用却有所减轻。专利申请WO 94/13690、94/14834、92/13872和92/13873描述了被设计局部用于炎性部位的所谓“软性”甾体物质或可水解的皮质激素类物质,然而其全身性副作用由于水解在血清中而减轻,在血清中该活性甾体物质很快水解成非活性形式。仍然需要寻找到理想的、但在用于控制各种疾病例如哮喘或克罗恩氏病的长期和连续治疗(如果需要的话)中没有不良作用的甾体药物,因而仍然需要集中精力发现和开发出具有改善了的治疗特性的甾体药物。
大环内酯抗生素优先蓄积在受试者的不同细胞中,特别是吞噬细胞例如单核外周血细胞、和腹膜及肺泡巨噬细胞中(参见Gladue,R.P等人,Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.1989,33,277-282;Olsen,K.M.等人,Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.1996,40,2582-2585)。部分大环内酯的抗炎效果在文献中已有记载,尽管其效果相对较弱。例如,红霉素衍生物(J.Antimicrob.Chemother.1998,41,37-46;专利申请号WO 00/42055)和阿奇霉素衍生物(EP Pat.Br.0283055)的抗炎效果已有记载。部分大环内酯的抗炎效果还可以由在实验动物模型例如酵母聚糖诱导的小鼠腹膜炎(J.Antimicrob.Chemother.1992,30,339-348)和内毒素诱导的大鼠气管内中性粒细胞蓄积(J.Immunol.1997,159,3395-4005)中进行的体内和体外研究已知。大环内酯对细胞因子例如白介素8(IL-8)(Am.J Respir.Crit.Care.Med.1997,156,266-271)和白介素5(IL-5)(EP Pat.Br.0775489和EP Pat.Br.771564)的调节作用也是已知的。
国际公开号WO 02/055531 A1(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)公开了式II所示的共轭化合物:
其中M表示在炎性细胞中具有蓄积性质的大环内酯亚单元,A表示可以是甾体或非甾体的抗炎亚单元,以及L表示连接M和A的连接分子;(b)它们的可药用盐、前药和溶剂化物;(c)它们的制备方法和中间体;和(d)它们在治疗人和动物炎性疾病和病症中的用途。在WO 02/05531中,所述共轭的甾体-大环内酯化合物主要在大环内酯环的N/9a-位上与该甾体亚单元连接。
美国公开申请2004 0014685和国际公开号WO 04/005310 A2(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)涉及式III所示的化合物、它们的可药用盐和溶剂化物、它们的制备方法和中间体、以及它们在治疗人和动物炎性疾病和病症中的用途,
其中M表示在炎性细胞中具有蓄积性质的衍生自大环内酯的大环内酯亚单元(大环内酯部分),S表示衍生自具有抗炎活性的甾体药物的甾体亚单元,以及L表示连接M和S的连接分子。
US公开申请20040077612(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)涉及式IV所示的新化合物、它们的可药用盐和溶剂化物、它们的制备方法和中间体、以及它们在治疗人和动物炎性疾病和病症中的用途,
其中M表示在炎性细胞中具有蓄积性质的衍生自大环内酯的大环内酯亚单元(大环内酯部分),V表示抗炎甾体或非甾体亚单元或者抗肿瘤或抗病毒亚单元,以及L表示共价连接M和V的连接基团。
US公开申请2004 0097434和国际公开号WO 04/005309(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)涉及式V所示的新化合物、它们的可药用盐和溶剂化物、它们的制备方法和中间体、以及它们在治疗人和动物炎性疾病和病症中的用途,
其中M表示在炎性细胞中具有蓄积性质的衍生自大环内酯的大环内酯亚单元(大环内酯部分),D表示衍生自具有抗炎、止痛和/或解热活性的非甾体药物(NSAID)的非甾体亚单元(非甾体部分),以及L表示共价连接M和D的连接基团。
US公开申请20050080003 (在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)还进一步描述了具有通过链L与苷元类型大环内酯亚单元的位置N/9a相连的甾体或非甾体抗炎亚单元D的共轭化合物。
US公开申请20040087517和国际公开WO2003/070174公开了(i)“转运分子(transportophore)”和(ii)“非抗生素治疗剂”通过引入该转运分子的键或连接基团共价连接的共轭物。该转运分子和共轭物必须具有至少为2的免疫选择比例。“转运分子”被广泛地定义为其中一部分类似于且被认为是(一种或多种)转运蛋白底物的化合物。
然而,仍然需要具有治疗作用的大环内酯和甾体的新抗炎共轭物。
发明概述
本发明涉及:a)结构I所示的新化合物:
其中M表示在炎性细胞中具有蓄积性质的衍生自大环内酯的大环内酯亚单元,Z表示衍生自非甾体抗炎药物(NSAID)的甾体亚单元或非甾体亚单元,以及L表示连接M和Z的链;b)它们的可药用盐和溶剂化物;c)它们的制备方法和中间体以及d)它们在治疗人和哺乳动物炎性疾病中的活性和用途。具体地说,该大环内酯亚单元是9-脱氧-9-二氢-9a-氮杂-9a-高红霉素内酯(homoerithronolide)A或阿奇霉素苷元亚单元,以及与Z的连接是借助连接基L通过苷元环位置C/11上的羟基或者位置9a上的氮实现的。另外具体地说,该大环内酯亚单元是9-脱氧-9-二氢-9a-氮杂-9a-高红霉素内酯A或阿奇霉素苷元亚单元,以及Z是甾体亚单元,并且与M的连接是借助连接基L通过17α-羟基实现的。
发明详述
式I所示化合物的特征在于在上述炎性疾病和病症中选择性蓄积于靶标器官和细胞中。该药代动力学性质保证了式I所示化合物可以通过抑制炎性介质产生而在炎性细胞的炎性位点上发挥作用。按照这样一种方式,就避免了皮质甾体或非甾体抗炎分子的不良全身性副作用,且该甾体或NSAID部分的治疗作用靶向作用于最需要的区域。在局部或全身使用之后,这些分子迅速蓄积在炎性细胞中,通过抑制细胞因子和趋化因子和/或其它炎性介质产生,从而抑制炎症。
根据已知的现有技术,迄今尚未描述过作为本发明目的的式I所示化合物、它们的可药用盐、含其的药物组合物、以及制备它们的方法。作为本发明目的的任何一种化合物均未被作为抗炎物质或者炎性组织中嗜酸性细胞蓄积的抑制剂进行过描述。
在一方面,本发明涉及:
a)式I所示化合物:
其中M表示具有亚结构VIII的大环内酯亚单元:
其中
R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地是氢或基团例如C1-C4烷基(优选甲基)、烷酰基(优选乙酰基)、烷氧羰基(优选甲氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基)、芳甲氧羰基(优选苄氧羰基)、芳酰基(优选苯甲酰基)、芳烷基(优选苄基)、烷基甲硅烷基(优选三甲基甲硅烷基)、烷基甲硅烷基烷氧烷基(优选三甲基甲硅烷基乙氧甲基)或者是与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键;
在另一方面,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5独立地选自C1-C4烷基和氢。
在另一方面,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5独立地选自甲基和氢。
在另一方面,R1、R2、R3、R4和R5是氢。
在另一方面,R4是可与R5结合形成″桥″(例如环状碳酸酯或氨甲酸酯)的基团,或者R4是可与>NRN结合形成″桥″(例如环状碳酸酯)的基团。
在另一方面,R4表示与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键;
RN表示氢、C1-C4烷基或者与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键;
L表示连接链;
优选L表示具有亚结构IX或XIII的连接链:
-X1-(CH2)m-Q-(CH2)n-X2- IX
-X1-(CH2)m-V-(CH2)p-Q-(CH2)n-X2- XIII
其中
X1选自:-CH2-、-CH2-NH-、-C(O)-、-OC(O)-、=N-O-、-C(O)NH-或-OC(O)NH-;
X2选自:-NH-、-CH2-、-NHC(O)-、-C(=O)、-OC(O)-、-C(=O)O-、或-C(O)NH-;
Q是-NH-或-CH2-;
其中每个-CH2-或-NH-基团任选被C1-C7-烷基、C2-C7-烯基、C2-C7-炔基、C(O)Rx、C(O)ORx、C(O)NHRx、CH2C(O)ORx取代,其中Rx可以是C1-C7-烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
V是-NH-或-NH-C(O)-;
符号m、n和p独立地是0或整数1-12;
条件是:如果Q=NH;则n不能是0。
连接基团的上述定义不仅优选适用于式VIII的非甾体和大环内酯的共轭物,还适用于落入式I的任意共轭物。如本领域熟知的那样,还可以使用其它的连接基团,只要它们可以提供必要的间隔,且可用于将式I中的一个亚单元与其它亚单元连接起来。例如美国专利6,297,260(在此将其全部内容引入作为参考)权利要求1和其中所包括的NSAID具体列表。
Z表示衍生自非甾体抗炎药物(NSAID)的非甾体亚单元或者甾体亚单元,优选为亚结构X的甾体:
其中
Ra、Rb独立地是氢、甲基或卤素;
Rf是氢、羟基或卤素(优选氯)或者与和其相连的碳原子形成C=O(羰基);
Rc是羟基;C1-C4烷基(优选甲基);C1-C4烷氧基(优选甲氧基);C1-C4烷基羟基(优选CH2OH);NH-C1-C4烷基(优选NHCH3);CH2OC(O)C1-C4烷基(优选CH2OC(O)CH3);XC(O)N(R1R2),其中X是S或O,R1和R2独立地是C1-C6烷基或者R1和R2一起是C1-C6亚烷基;或者Rc是SCH2或CH2Y,其中Y是卤素(优选氯或氟),或者Rc是与链L中的X2的共价键,条件是:链L与式VIII的大环内酯亚单元的R4相连;
Rd是与链L中的X2的共价键、氢、羟基、甲基或C1-C4烷氧基(优选甲氧基或正丙氧基)或者与Re和与它们相连的C原子一起形成1,3-二氧戊环,其可以被另外的烷基或烯基单或二取代(优选2,2-二甲基或2-单丙基或反式-丙烯基环);
Re是氢、羟基、甲基或C1-C4烷氧基(优选甲氧基或正丙氧基)或者与Rd和相连的C原子一起表示1,3-二氧戊环,其可以被另外的烷基或烯基单或二取代(优选2,2-二甲基或2-单丙基或反式-丙烯基环);
在另一方面,Rd优选是与链L中的X2的共价键;
Rj是氢或卤素(优选氯)。
在另一方面,本发明涉及选自下述的式X化合物:
在另一方面,本发明涉及制备前述化合物的方法以及可用于所述制备方法的中间体。
在第三方面,本发明涉及含有用量足以抑制炎症进程的一种或多种前述化合物的组合(例如两种或多种本发明的NSAID共轭物、两种或多种本发明的甾体共轭物、其中至少一种是本发明的NSAID共轭物且至少一种是本发明的甾体共轭物的两种或多种本发明化合物)。如果需要治疗炎性疾病或病症时,这类组合可以提供更明显的抗炎活性。
在又一方面,本发明涉及前述化合物在治疗由炎症进程引起的障碍和病症中的用途,或者本发明化合物在治疗前述障碍中的用途或制备用于这类治疗的药物的用途。
在本发明又一方面预期了含有本发明化合物及其可药用盐或溶剂化物的药物组合物,其中包括可药用稀释剂或载体。实例包括但不限于羧甲基纤维素及其盐、聚丙烯酸及其盐、羧乙烯基聚合物及其盐、海藻酸及其盐、海藻酸丙二醇酯、壳聚糖、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基乙酰胺聚合物、聚异丁烯酸乙烯酯(polyvinyl methacrylate)、聚乙二醇、聚氧丙烯(pluronic)、明胶、甲基乙烯基醚马来酸酐共聚物、淀粉、可溶性淀粉交联羧甲基纤维素钠、支链淀粉以及丙烯酸甲酯和2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯的共聚物、卵磷脂、卵磷脂衍生物、丙二醇脂肪酸酯、甘油脂肪酸酯、去水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯去水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯水合(hydrated)蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、和聚氧丙烯。如果使用稀释剂的话,适宜的缓冲体系pH范围为4-8,同时一起使用低分子量醇例如乙醇和异丙醇。防腐剂和掩蔽剂的使用是适宜的。
在本发明又一方面,涉及治疗其特征在于不希望的炎性免疫应答或与之相关的炎性疾病、障碍、和病症以及由过度分泌TNF-α和IL-1引起或与之相关的任何疾病和病症的方法,所述方法包括向对象给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物。
在本发明又一方面,涉及治疗有需要的对象中与白细胞浸润发炎组织有关的炎性病症和免疫性或过敏性障碍的方法,所述方法向所述对象给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物。
在本发明又一方面,通过本发明化合物治疗的炎性病症和免疫性障碍选自:哮喘、成人型呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管炎、囊性纤维化病、类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、痛风性关节炎、眼葡萄膜炎、结膜炎、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、末端直肠炎、牛皮癣、湿疹、皮炎、冠脉梗塞损伤(coronary infarct damage)、慢性炎症、内毒素休克和平滑肌增殖障碍。
在本发明又一方面,通过本发明化合物治疗的炎性病症和免疫性障碍选自:哮喘、成人型呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎和囊性纤维化病。
在本发明又一方面,涉及治疗其特征在于过度异常产生细胞因子或炎性介质或与之相关的炎性疾病、障碍和病症的方法,所述方法包括向对象给药治疗有效量的本发明化合物。
符号M、L和Z表示式I化合物中的三个不同亚单元。符号M表示大环内酯亚单元,符号Z表示通过链L与大环内酯亚单元M相连的甾体或非甾体亚单元。
在式I中,Z可以表示非甾体抗炎亚单元,即非甾体抗炎药物(NSAID)的一部分。适宜的NSAID包括但不限于那些抑制负责前列腺素生物合成的环氧合酶的药物、和某些内分泌物抑制剂,包括各种环氧合酶同功酶(包括但不限于环氧合酶-1和环氧合酶-2)的抑制剂,以及与非甾体抗炎药物(NSAID)有关的环氧合酶和脂氧合酶的抑制剂,例如可商购得到的NSAID:醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、乙酰水杨酸、乙酰水杨酰(acetyl-salicylic)-2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶酸、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、氨洛芬、氨芬酸、氨基安替比林、安吡昔康、阿尼利定、苄达酸、苯噁洛芬、柏莫洛芬、α-没药醇、溴芬酸、5-溴水杨酸乙酸酯(5-bromosalicylic acid acetate)、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、布替布芬、卡洛芬、塞来考昔、色甘酸盐、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、屈噁昔康、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、flufenac、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、安胃灵(glutametacin)、水杨酸羟乙酯、异丁芬酸、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、美沙拉秦、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、孟鲁司特、麦考酚酸、萘丁美酮、萘普生、尼氟酸、尼美舒利、奥沙拉秦、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、对乙酰氨基酚、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、苯基-乙酰基-水杨酸酯、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、吡拉唑酸、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、白藜芦醇(reserveratol)、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺、水杨酰胺-O-乙酸、水杨酰硫酸酯(salicylsulphuric acid)、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、双水杨酯(salsalate)、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、他莫昔芬、替诺昔康、茶碱、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、噻氯匹定(ticlopridine)、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、托匹星、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗、扎鲁司特和环孢菌素。其它的NSAID类和特定的NSAID化合物公开在美国专利6,297,260中,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考(特别是其权利要求1的通式及说明书和权利要求3的具体列表中引用的NSAID),thiazulidene NSAID公开在国际专利申请WO 01/87890中,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考。优选的是氟芬那酸、氟尼辛和塞来考昔。在部分实施方案中,NSAID亚单元既不是乙酰水杨酸,也不是麦考酚酸。
在式I中,Z还可以表示甾体亚单元,包括但不限于皮质类固醇(例如糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素)和雄激素。皮质类固醇的非限制性实例包括氢化可的松(cortisol)、可的松、氯倍他索、氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)、氟氢可的松、氟氢缩松、氟米松、氟尼缩松、氟轻松、醋酸氟轻松、氟可龙、氟米龙、泼尼松、泼尼松龙、6-α-甲泼尼龙、曲安西龙、阿氯米松、倍氯米松、倍他米松、布地奈德、地塞米松、安西奈德、可的伐唑、地奈德、去羟米松、二氟可龙、二氟泼尼酯、氟氯缩松和二氯松、氟泼尼定(fluperinidene)、氟替卡、哈西奈德、甲泼尼松、甲泼尼龙、帕拉米松、泼那唑啉、泼尼立定、替可的松、曲安西龙,及它们的酸衍生物,例如醋酸盐、丙酸盐、二丙酸盐、戊酸盐、磷酸盐、异烟酸盐、间磺基苯甲酸盐(metasulfobenzoate)、叔丁乙酸盐和半琥珀酸盐。
除非另有说明,以下术语具有下面的含义。
“卤素”表示卤原子,其可以优选为:氟、氯或溴(最优选为氟或氯)。
“烷基”表示具有1-10个碳原子、更优选1-6个碳原子的直链或支链饱和一价烃基。优选的直链或支链烷基包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。优选C1-C4烷基。最优选甲基。烷基可以被1-5个取代基取代,所述取代基包括卤素(优选氟或氯)、羟基、烷氧基(优选甲氧基或乙氧基)、酰基、酰氨基、氰基、氨基、N-(C1-C4)烷氨基(优选N-甲氨基或N-乙氨基)、N,N-二(C1-C4烷基)氨基(优选二甲氨基或二乙氨基)、芳基(优选苯基)或杂芳基、硫代羰基氨基、酰氧基、氨基、脒基、烷基脒基、硫代脒基、氨酰基、氨基羰基氨基、氨基硫代羰基氨基、氨基羰基氧基、芳基、杂芳基、芳氧基、芳氧基芳基、硝基、羧基、羧基烷基、羧基取代的烷基、羧基-环烷基、羧基取代的环烷基、羧基芳基、羧基取代的芳基、羧基杂芳基、羧基取代的杂芳基、羧基杂环基、羧基取代的杂环基、环烷基、环烷氧基、杂芳氧基、杂环氧基和氧基羰基氨基(oxycarbonylamino)。所述取代的烷基落入本发明“烷基”的范围内。本发明的烷基定义包括具有烷基部分的基团,如烷氧基或烷酰基。
“烯基”表示具有2-10个碳原子、优选2-6个碳原子和至少1个碳碳双键的直链或支链一价烃基。烯基可以被与烷基中相同的基团取代,任选被取代的烯基落入术语“烯基”的范围内。优选乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基和环己烯基。
“炔基”表示具有2-10个碳原子、优选2-6个碳原子和至少一个且优选不超过3个碳碳参键的直链或支链一价烃基。炔基可以被与烷基中相同的基团取代,被取代的炔基落入术语“炔基”的定义范围内。优选乙炔基、丙炔基和丁炔基。
“环烷基”表示具有3-8个碳原子且具有任选与芳基或杂芳基稠合的单环基团的环状基团。环烷基可以被如下述芳基中定义的那样被取代,被取代的环烷基落入术语“环烷基”的定义范围内。优选环戊基和环己基。
“芳基”表示具有6-14个碳原子且具有单环例如苯基或多个稠合环例如萘基的不饱和芳香碳环基团。芳基可以任选进一步与脂族或芳基稠合,或者被一个或多个取代基取代,所述取代基例如卤素(氟、氯和/或溴)、羟基、C1-C7烷基、C1-C7烷氧基或芳氧基、C1-C7烷基硫基或芳硫基、烷基磺酰基、氰基或伯氨基或非伯氨基。
“杂芳基”表示具有2-10个碳原子和1-4个杂原子例如O、S或N的单环或双环芳香烃环。杂芳环可以任选与其它杂芳基、芳基或脂环基团稠合。这类基团的实例有呋喃、噻吩、咪唑、吲哚、吡啶、噁唑、噻唑、吡咯、吡唑、四唑、嘧啶、吡嗪和三嗪,优选呋喃、吡咯、吡啶和吲哚。该术语包括被上述对芳基的说明的相同的取代基所取代的基团。
“杂环基”表示具有1-10个碳原子和1-4个选自N、S或O中的杂原子的饱和或不饱和单环或多环基团,其中稠合的环系中所述的其它一个或多个环可以是芳基或杂芳基。杂环基基团可以如同对烷基说明的被取代,取代的杂环基基团也在本发明所定义的范围之内。
当Rc表示共价键时,非甾体或甾体亚单元Z通过Rc与链L连接至大环内酯亚单元M中的R4。
当Rd表示共价键时,非甾体或甾体亚单元Z通过Rd与链L连接至大环内酯亚单元M。
当RN表示共价键时,大环内酯亚单元M通过RN与链L连接至非甾体或甾体亚单元Z。
当R4表示共价键时,大环内酯亚单元M通过R4与链L连接至非甾体或甾体亚单元Z。
在制备具有特定药理活性的式I所示化合物时,本发明中某些新化合物将以制备药学活性化合物的中间体形式制备得到。本发明还涉及这些中间体。
术语“盐”可以包括酸加成盐或游离碱加成盐。可用于形成可药用酸加成盐的酸实例包括但不限于衍生自无毒性无机酸的盐,例如硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、或氢溴酸、氢碘酸、氢氟酸、亚磷酸,以及衍生自无毒性有机酸的盐,例如脂族单和二羧酸、苯基取代的链烷酸、羟基烷酸、链烷二酸、芳香酸、脂肪及芳香磺酸和乙酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、或柠檬酸。这些盐的非限制性实例包括包括萘二磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、醋酸盐、三氟醋酸盐、丙酸盐、辛酸盐、异丁酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、癸二酸盐、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲苯基磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐等等。同样还包括氨基酸例如精氨酸等的盐,以及葡萄糖酸盐、半乳糖醛酸盐(例如参见Berge S.M.等人的″Pharmaceutical Salts,″J.of Pharma.Sci.,1977;66:1)。
所述碱性化合物的酸加成盐通过将游离碱形式与足量的所需要的酸接触,按照常规方法制备得到相应的盐。游离碱形式可以通过将相应的盐与碱接触而重新得到,并且可以采用常规的方法分离。游离碱形式与其相应的盐在物理性质上有所区别,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解性,但对于本发明目的而言,这些盐与其相应的游离碱是等价的。
可药用碱加成盐可以使用金属或胺例如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成。用作阳离子的金属实例有钠、钾、镁、钙等。适宜的胺实例有N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯代普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、二环己胺、乙二胺(ethylenediamine)、N-甲基葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
所述酸化合物的碱加成盐通过将游离酸形式与足量的所需要的碱接触,按照常规方法制备得到相应的盐。游离酸形式可以通过将相应的盐与酸接触而重新得到,并且可以采用常规的方法分离。
用于本发明药物组合物上下文中的短语“可药用的”是指生理学上可耐受的并且在给药至哺乳动物(例如人)时不会产生不良反应的分子实体(molecular entities)以及这类组合物中的其它成分。优选地,本文中使用的术语“可药用的”是指经联邦政府或州政府管理机构许可的、或在美国药典、或其它公认药典中列出的用于哺乳动物特别是人中的物质。
应用于本发明药物组合物中的术语“载体”是指与活性化合物一起给药的稀释剂、赋型剂、或载体(vehicle)。这些药用载体(carriers)可以是无菌液体例如水、盐水溶液、葡萄糖水性溶液、甘油水性溶液,和油类包括石油、动物、植物或合成来源的油例如花生油、大豆油、矿物油、芝麻油等。然而,由于二甲金刚胺具有高溶解性,因此优选水性溶液。适宜的药用载体记载在“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences”,E.W.Martin著,18th Edition。本发明特别优选的载体是适合速释的载体,即在短时间内例如60分钟或更短时间内释出主要或全部活性成分,使得药物能够快速吸收。
本发明还包括由式I所示化合物或其盐形成的溶剂化物(优选水合物)。
本发明还涉及可由单独的式I化合物形成的各种可能的互变异构体形式。
本发明还包括式I化合物的前药,即当给药至哺乳动物对象时能够在体内释出式(I)的活性母体药物的化合物。式I化合物的前药可通过修饰式I化合物的官能基团制备得到,使得这种修饰可以在体内裂解释放出母体化合物。前药包括这样的式I化合物,其中式I化合物中的羟基、氨基、或羧基与与任何可能的基团键合得到的化合物,所述基团能够在体内裂解,再得到游离羟基、氨基或羧基基团。前药的实例包括但不限于式I化合物的酯(例如乙酸酯、甲酸酯和苯甲酸酯衍生物)。
式I化合物具有一个或多个手性中心,根据各取代基的性质,它们还可能具有几何异构体。区别在于原子空间排列的异构体被称作“立体异构体”。彼此非镜像的立体异构体被称作“非对映异构体”,而那些不能重叠的可彼此成为镜像的立体异构体被称作“对映异构体”。当化合物具有一个手性中心时,就可能具有一对对映异构体。对映异构体其特征可以在于其不对称中心的绝对构型,通常被描述为R-和S-次序规则(sequencing rules)(Cahn和Prelog),或者根据分子对偏振光平面的偏转,命名为右旋或左旋(即分别为(+)或(-)-异构体)。手性化合物既可以单独对映体存在,也可以以对映体混和物形式存在。含有等量对映体的混和物被称作“外消旋混合物”。本发明包括式I化合物的所有异构体。本说明书和权利要求书中关于特定化合物的描述和命名均包括各单独对映异构体及其混和物、外消旋物或其它等。立体化学的检测方法和立体异构体的分离方法是本领域熟知的。
“可药用赋型剂”是指用于制备药物组合物的赋型剂,其通常是安全、无毒性且没有生理或其他不希望的副作用,包括可用于人和兽用的赋型剂。用于本发明中的“可药用赋型剂”包括一种或不止一种这样的赋形剂。
疾病(state)、障碍或病症的“治疗”包括:
(1)预防或延迟可能罹患或诱发疾病、障碍或病症但尚未经历或表现出该疾病、障碍或病症的临床或亚临床症状的哺乳动物的疾病、障碍或病症的临床症状的出现,
(2)抑制疾病、障碍或病症,即阻止或减轻疾病或其至少一种临床或亚临床症状的发展,或
(3)缓解疾病(disease),即引起疾病、障碍或病症或其至少一种临床或亚临床症状消退。
对于待治疗对象的效果是统计学上显著的,或者至少能够被患者或医师所知晓。
“治疗有效量”是指当给药至哺乳动物以治疗疾病、障碍或病症时足以实现所述治疗的化合物的用量。“治疗有效量”可以随化合物、疾病及其严重程度、及待治疗哺乳动物的年龄、体重、生理状况和响应性的不同而不同。
急性炎症的四种典型症状是在感染区域出现发红、温度升高、肿胀、疼痛,并导致受感染器官功能的丧失。
与特定病症相关的炎症症状和信号包括:
●类风湿性关节炎-关节疼痛、肿胀、发热和触痛;全身性晨时僵直;
●胰岛素依赖型糖尿病-胰岛炎,该病症可导致各种炎症并发症,包括:视网膜病、神经病、肾病、冠状动脉疾病、外周血管性疾病、和脑血管疾病;
●自身免疫性甲状腺炎-乏力、便秘、呼吸急促、面目及手足浮肿、外周性浮肿、心动过缓;
●多发性硬化-痉挛、视觉模糊、眩晕、四肢乏力、感觉异常;
●葡萄膜视网膜炎(uverortinitis)-夜视减弱、周边视觉丧失;
●红斑狼疮-关节痛、疹、光过敏、发烧、肌肉痛、手足浮肿、尿液异常(血尿、管型尿、蛋白尿)、肾小球肾炎、认知机能障碍、脉管血栓、心包炎;
●硬皮病-雷诺氏病;手、臂、腿和面部肿胀;皮肤变厚;手指及膝疼痛、肿胀和僵直,胃肠功能紊乱,限制性肺病;心包炎;肾衰竭;
●其它具有炎症特征的关节疾病,例如类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎和多关节炎-发热、疼痛、肿胀和触痛;
●其它炎性脑病,例如髓膜炎、阿耳茨海默氏病、AIDS痴呆性大脑炎-畏光症、认知机能障碍、记忆丧失;
●其它眼部炎症,例如视网膜炎-视敏度减弱;
●皮肤炎性疾病,例如湿疹、其它皮炎(如异位或接触)、牛皮癣、紫外辐射烧伤(太阳射线和类似的UV源)-红斑、疼痛、脱皮、肿胀、触痛;
●炎性肠病,例如克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎-疼痛、腹泻、便秘、直肠出血、发烧、关节炎;
●哮喘-呼吸急促、喘鸣;
●其它过敏性疾病,例如过敏性鼻炎-喷嚏、瘙痒、流鼻涕;
●与急性外伤有关的病症例如中风后脑损伤-感觉丧失、运动丧失、认知能力丧失;
●心肌缺血造成的心脏组织损伤-疼痛、呼吸急促;
●肺部损伤,如成人呼吸窘迫综合征-呼吸急促、换气过度、氧合量减少、肺浸润出现的肺部损伤;
●伴随感染的炎症,例如脓毒症、感染性休克、中毒性休克综合征-发烧、呼吸衰竭、心动过速、低血压、白细胞增多;
●其它与特定器官或组织有关的炎性病症,例如肾炎(如肾小球肾炎)-少尿、尿异常;阑尾炎-发烧、疼痛、触痛、白细胞增多;痛风-疼痛、触痛、关节肿胀和红斑、血清升高和/或尿中尿酸;胆囊炎-腹部疼痛和触痛、发烧、恶心、白细胞增多;慢性阻塞性肺病-呼吸急促、喘鸣;充血性心力衰竭-呼吸急促、罗音、外周性浮肿;II型糖尿病-终末器官并发症,包括心血管、眼、肾和外周血管疾病;肺纤维化-过度换气、呼吸急促、氧合量减少;
血管疾病,例如动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄-疼痛、知觉丧失、脉搏减慢、功能缺失和导致移植排斥的同种异体免疫-疼痛、触痛、发烧。
亚临床症状包括但不限于在表现临床症状之前的炎症外观的诊断性标志。一类亚临床症状为免疫症状,例如促炎症淋巴样细胞侵入或蓄积在器官或组织中,或者局部或外周出现识别病原体或对器官或组织具特异性的抗原的活化促炎症淋巴细胞。淋巴样细胞的活性可以通过常规技术测定。
向宿主特定位置“递送”治疗有效量的活性成分是指在特定部位形成活性成分的治疗有效的血药浓度。这可以通过向宿主局部或全身性给药活性成分实现。
术语“有需要的宿主或对象”是指哺乳动物,优选人。
术语“离去基团”是指能够被亲核基团(nucleophile)所置换。这样的基团的例子包括但不限于卤素、甲磺酸根(mesylate)、甲苯磺酸根(tosylate)和酯基。
制备方法
本发明另一方面涉及制备式I化合物的方法,所述方法包括:
a)对于其中X2是-NH-的式I化合物,
将亚结构V的甾体或非甾体亚单元:
(其中L1表示离去基团例如羟基)
与亚结构VIa的大环内酯亚单元中的氨基进行反应:
亚结构XI的甾体或非甾体亚单元是可以商购得到的产品,也可以与亚结构XII的起始大环内酯亚单元一样,通过与申请人早期专利申请中描述的类似化合物的制备方法制备得到(HR专利申请号20010018;WO专利申请号02/055531);WO04/005309;WO04/005310均全文引入在此作为参考。
反应通常在酸衍生物存在下进行,所述酸衍生物能够活化甾体抗炎亚单元中的羧酸基团,例如卤化物、混合酸酐,特别是碳二亚胺(如(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺(EDC))和苯并三唑。该反应在碱例如有机碱(如三乙胺)的存在下、室温以及惰性气氛例如氮气或氩气下进行。完成反应可能需要数小时至几天时间。
b)对于其中X1是-C(O)NH-,Q是-CH2-或-NH-以及X2是-NH-或-NHC(O)-的式I化合物,能通过将大环内酯亚单元与具有下面所示游离氨基的衍生甾体或非甾体亚单元反应制备得到。
c)对于其中X1是-C(O)NH-,Q是-CH2-或-NH-以及X2是-NH-或-NHC(O)-的式I化合物,能通过将大环内酯亚单元和具有下面所示游离羧酸基团的甾体或非甾体亚单元反应制备得到。
甾体亚单元可以通过具有羟基的甾体中的21羟基与大环内酯连接。由21-羟基甾体开始,将环状缩酮与适宜的羧酸卤化物或酸酐优选在溶剂例如二氯甲烷中、在叔胺碱或吡啶存在下、在低温(-50℃-100℃)下反应。所形成的中间体与H2N-L-M反应形成式I化合物
甾体亚单元还可以与大环内酯通过甾体亚单元上的17位置连接。制备这类化合物的一种方法如下所示:
如前面和后面的合成图解所示,有两种合成途径供选择:一种是将C17上的羧酸基团在与连接基-大环内酯部分(linker-macrolide partion)偶联之前衍生形成C(O)-Rc;另一种是将同一羧酸基团仅仅是在进行这种偶联之后衍生化。
例如,当L是-K-NH-(其中K是与大环内酯相连的L分子中的一部分)时,式I化合物能通过将大环内酯环上的NH基衍生成末端-N-K-NH2基团,然后该衍生得到的大环内酯与式Sa所示的甾体抗炎亚单元反应而形成:
对于其中X2是-NH-的式I化合物,能通过将大环内酯亚单元和具有如下所示-C=C-键的甾体亚单元反应制备得到。
位于起始甾体亚单元17位上的羧酸基团可以在与NH2-L-M反应之前进行修饰。
位于起始甾体亚单元17位上的羧酸基团还能在与NH2-L-M反应之前进行保护,然后在与NH2-L-M反应或酯化步骤之后脱保护。
非甾体抗炎亚单元D可以含有-C(O)L1基团(例如游离羧酸基团),或者通过本领域已知的方法衍生化。
图解I
根据图解I,具有羟基的NSAID化合物还可以通过琥珀酸酐在吡啶的存在下作用而衍生化,然后所生成的中间体与三乙胺、4-吡咯并吡啶在二氯甲烷中反应生成具有羧酸基团的NSAID(Huang C.M.等人.Chem.& Biol.2000,7,453-461,Hess S.等人.Bioorg.& Med.Chem.2001,9,1279-1291)。所生成的NSAID衍生物可以与连接基大环内酯化合物例如式VIa偶联。
图解II
根据图解II,具有氨基的NSAID化合物还可以通过氢化钠和碘乙酸叔丁酯在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中作用,生成NSAID的丁氧羰基衍生物,然后将其与三氟乙酸在二氯甲烷中反应,生成具有游离羧酸基团的NSAID(Hess S.等人.Bioorg.& Med.Chem.2001,9,1279-1291)。所生成的NSAID衍生物可以与连接基大环内酯化合物例如式VIa偶联。
图解III
具有氨基的NSAID化合物还可以按照图解III衍生化,通过琥珀酸酐在二甲氨基吡啶、N,N′-二异丙基乙基胺的存在下、在二甲基甲酰胺中作用,生成具有游离羧酸基团的NSAID(Pandori M.W.等人.Chem.& Biol.2002,9,567-573)。所生成的NSAID衍生物可以与连接基大环内酯化合物例如式VIa偶联。
式I化合物通常能这样得到:链L的一端首先与大环内酯亚单元M相连,然后链的另一端与甾体或非甾体亚单元D相连;或者链L的一端首先与非甾体或甾体亚单元D相连,然后另一端与大环内酯亚单元M相连;以及,还未形成链的一端与大环内酯亚单元M相连,还未形成链的另一端与非甾体或甾体亚单元D相连,随后末端化学连接形成链L。
为防止不希望的副反应,经常需要对某些基团例如羟基或氨基进行保护。关于对这些基团进行保护,然后裂解所得到的保护衍生物的方法有深入讨论,例如T.W.Greene和P.G.M Wuts的Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis2nd ed.,John Wiley & Son,Inc 1991和P.J.Kocienski的Protecting Groups,GeorgThieme Verlag 1994,在此将其全部内容引入作为参考。适宜的氨基保护基团包括酰基类型的保护基团(例如甲酰基、三氟乙酰基和乙酰基),芳基尿烷(aromatic urethane)类型的保护基团(例如苄氧羰基(Cbz)和取代Cbz、以及9-芴基甲氧羰基(Fmoc)),脂族尿烷类型的保护基团(例如叔丁氧羰基(Boc)、异丙氧羰基和环己氧基羰基)和烷基类型的保护基团(例如苄基、三苯甲基和氯代三苯甲基)。适宜的氧保护基团可以包括烷基甲硅烷基基团如三甲基甲硅烷基或叔-丁基二甲基甲硅烷基;烷基醚如四氢吡喃基或叔丁基;或酯基如乙酸酯。羟基保护基团可以通过在非质子溶剂中与醋酸酐、苯甲酸酐或氯代三烷基甲硅烷进行反应而得到保护。非质子溶剂的实例有二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、四氢呋喃等。
例如,保护氨基可以使用叔丁氧羰基(Boc)。实施例中描述了使用三氟乙酸(TFA)进行脱保护。
保护氨基和烷基氨基的相应基团有下述基团例如:烷酰基(乙酰基)、烷氧羰基(甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基或叔丁氧羰基)、芳基甲氧羰基(苄氧羰基)、芳酰基(苯甲酰基)和烷基甲硅烷基基团(三甲基甲硅烷基或三甲基甲硅烷基乙氧甲基)。保护基团的除去条件取决于所选择的基团及其性质。例如,酰基基团如烷酰基、烷氧羰基和芳酰基基团可以在碱(氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾)存在下水解除去,叔丁氧羰基或烷基甲硅烷基(三甲基甲硅烷基)基团可以使用相应的酸(例如盐酸、硫酸、磷酸或三氟乙酸)除去,芳基甲氧羰基(苄氧羰基)能通过在催化剂例如钯-炭存在下氢解除去。
本发明另一方面涉及使用式I化合物作为抗炎剂、抗过敏剂和免疫调节剂的方法,本发明化合物可以根据炎症位置以不同方式给药,例如经皮给药、口服给药、经颊给药、直肠给药、非胃肠道给药或者在需要呼吸道给药时进行吸入给药。
本发明另一方面涉及使用式I化合物作为抗炎剂、抗过敏剂和免疫调节剂的方法,本发明化合物可以根据炎症位置以不同方式给药。另外,本发明还涉及含有有效剂量的本发明化合物及可药用赋型剂例如载体或稀释剂的药物组合物。
制备本发明的药物组合物可以包括将各种成分进行混合、制粒、压片和溶解的步骤。化学载体可以是固体或液体形式。固体形式的载体可以不限于是乳糖、蔗糖、滑石、明胶、琼脂、果胶、硬脂酸镁、脂肪酸。液体形式的载体可以不限于是糖浆,油例如橄榄油、葵花籽油或大豆油,水,或生理盐水。同样地,载体还可以含有持续释出活性成分的组分,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。可以制备多种形式的药物组合物。如果使用固体载体的话,则剂型包括但不限于可供口服的片剂、锭剂、固体明胶胶囊剂、散剂或颗粒剂。固体载体的含量可以不同,但主要应在25mg-1g的范围内。如果使用液体载体的话,则剂型可以是糖浆剂、乳剂、软凝胶胶囊剂、无菌注射液体或无水液体混悬剂,它们可以局部或全身应用,例如口服,非胃肠道给药,经皮给药,粘膜给药例如经颊给药、鼻内给药、直肠内给药和阴道内给药。“非胃肠道给药”是指静脉给药、肌内给药或皮下给药。
本发明化合物的相应制剂能用于预防和治疗性处理(预防、延迟、抑制或缓解)由异常或不希望的(过度的、未调节的或失调的)炎症免疫应答引起或与之相关的多种障碍(疾病和其它病理性炎症病症),所述炎症免疫应答涉及炎症细胞因子或者包括但不限于TNF-α和IL-1β的其它炎症介质的生成。这类障碍包括自身免疫性疾病,例如类风湿性关节炎、胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、自身免疫性甲状腺炎、多发性硬化症、葡萄膜视网膜炎、红斑狼疮、硬皮病;其它具有炎症特征的关节炎病症,例如类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、脓毒性关节炎和多关节炎;其它脑部炎性疾病,例如脑膜炎、阿耳茨海默氏病、AIDS痴呆性大脑炎,其它眼部炎症例如视网膜炎;炎性皮肤病,例如湿疹、其它皮炎(例如异位性皮炎、接触性皮炎)、牛皮癣、紫外线辐射(太阳射线和类似的UV源)引起的灼伤;炎性肠病例如克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎;哮喘;其它变态反应性疾病例如过敏性鼻炎;与急性外伤有关的病症例如中风后脑损伤、与心肌缺血有关的心脏组织损伤、肺损伤如成人呼吸窘迫综合征中出现的肺损伤;感染伴随的炎症如脓毒症、脓毒性休克、中毒性休克综合征、其它特定器官或组织发炎例如肾炎(例如肾小球肾炎)、阑尾炎、痛风、胆囊炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、充血性心力衰竭、II型糖尿病、肺纤维化、血管疾病如动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄;和导致移植排斥反应的同种异体免疫。这些化合物在需要经呼吸道给药时,也可以吸入给药。本发明另一目标涉及化合物的各种药物形式的制备,以使式I的活性化合物获得最佳生物利用度。
对于经皮给药或粘膜给药的外用制剂,可以将本发明的式I化合物制备成软膏剂或乳剂、凝胶剂或洗剂形式。软膏剂、乳剂和凝胶剂可以使用水或油性基质,加入适当的乳化剂或凝胶剂制备。将本发明的化合物配制成吸入剂对于呼吸道给药特别有效,其中式I化合物在压力下以气溶胶的形式释出。优选在式I化合物均匀分散在例如乳糖、葡萄糖、高级脂肪酸、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠盐、或者最优选在羧甲基纤维素中后,将其微粉化,从而使大部分颗粒获得5μm或更小的粒径。对于吸入制剂,可以将气溶胶与用于分配活性物质的气体或液体推进剂进行混合。可以使用吸入器、雾化器或喷雾器。这类装置是已知的,参见例如Newman等人的Thorax,1985,40:61-676Berenberg,M.,J.Asthma USA,1985,22:87-92。还可以使用Bird喷雾器,参见美国专利6,402,733;6,273,086;和6,228,346。
如本文所述的那样,优选将用于吸入的结构I的化合物制成具有微小颗粒的干粉。
本发明化合物还可以掺入到用于定位治疗器官或组织炎症例如克罗恩氏病的制剂中,其可以口服或直肠给药。在口服制剂中,可以加入在炎症部位提高所述化合物的生物利用度的赋型剂。这可以通过肠道和延持释出制剂的不同组合来实现。式I化合物如果以灌肠剂形式使用,则还可以用于治疗克罗恩氏病和肠道炎性疾病,所述灌肠剂是可以使用适宜的制剂,这在本领域是众所周知的。
本发明化合物的治疗有效量可以通过本领域已知的方法测定。由于相对于单独的抗炎甾体药物或NSAID药物而言,本发明化合物能够更有效地递送至希望位置,因此其用量通常低于甾体或NSAID抗炎药物(以摩尔计),且仍然能获得相同的治疗效果。而且,由于给药本发明化合物相对于甾体或NSAID抗炎药物而言,几乎没有副作用,因此甾体药物或NSAID药物的用量可以增加。因此,下表仅仅作为指导使用。以摩尔计算,本发明化合物、其可药用盐、其溶剂化物或其前药的阈值治疗有效量通常等于或小于非甾体抗炎药物的治疗有效量。本发明化合物、其可药用盐、其溶剂化物或其前药的宽范围有效量和优选有效量如下表所示。
化合物、其可药用盐、其溶剂化物或其前药的用量 | ||
甾体或NSAID的mg/kg体重/天(单独给药) | 甾体或NSAID或其混合物的μmol/kg体重/天 | |
宽范围 | 大约0.001至大约1000 | 大约0.004至大约4000 |
优选范围 | 大约0.01至大约100 | 大约0.04至大约400 |
更优选范围 | 大约1至大约100 | 大约4至大约400 |
最优选范围 | 大约3至大约30 | 大约12至大约120 |
例如,如果泼尼松的优选用量为1-50mg/天,则其相当于2.79μmol-139.5μmol的范围。本发明的杂化甾体-大环内酯共轭物(hybid steroid-macrolideconjugate)的起始用量范围也是2.79μmol-139.5μmol共轭物/天。本领域普通技术人员依据本说明书,可以对上述剂量进行细微调节。
本发明化合物的有效性可以通过任何评估炎症或抗炎效果的方法进行评估。许多已知方法满足上述目的,包括但不限于联合使用注射微气泡和差示超声(contrast ultrasound)、测定炎症细胞因子(例如TNF-α、IL-1、IFN-γ)、测定活性免疫系统细胞(活化T细胞、特异性识别yanzheng或移植组织的细胞毒性T细胞)及观察(水肿和红斑减少、瘙痒及烧灼感觉减轻、体温降低、患病器官功能改善)、以及任何一种下面提供的方法。
本发明化合物的治疗效果可由诸如下述的体内和体外实验验证。
在下面的体内和体外实验中测定了本发明化合物有益的抗炎效果:
可以将口服剂型设计成在肠道炎症部位实现化合物的生物利用度。这可以借助各种延迟释出制剂的不同组合来实现。如果化合物以灌肠剂形式使用,则式I化合物还可用于治疗克罗恩氏病和肠道炎症,所述灌肠剂为可以使用适宜的制剂。
本发明化合物的相应制剂能用于预防(包括但不限于防止、延迟或抑制)一种或多种在前面“治疗”定义上下文中讨论和定义的临床或亚临床症状的复发。其还可以用于治疗性处理多种疾病和病理性炎症,包括:慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD),哮喘,鼻炎例如过敏性鼻炎、鼻息肉,肠病如克罗恩氏病、结结肠炎、肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎,皮肤炎症如湿疹、牛皮癣、变应性皮炎、神经性皮炎、瘙痒症、结膜炎和类风湿性关节炎。
本发明化合物的生物学效果可以在下面的体内和体外实验中测定:
人糖皮质激素受体结合分析
人类糖皮质激素受体的α亚型基因通过反向聚合酶链式反应克隆。总RNA由人类外周血淋巴细胞按照制造商(Qiagen,Milano,Italy)的说明书进行分离,使用AMV逆转录酶(Roche,Basel,Switzerland)转录成cDNA,基因通过特异性引物1)5’ATATGGATCCCTGATGGACTCCAAAGAATCATTAACTCC3’和2)5’ATAT-CTCGAGGGCAGTCACTTTTGATGAAACAGAAG3’复制。所得到的反应产物克隆至Bluescript KS质粒(Stratagene,La Jolla,CA USA)的XhoI/BamHI位点,使用M13和M13rev引物(Microsynth,Balgach,Switzerland)通过双脱氧荧光法进行测序,然后将其克隆至pcDNA3.1Hygro(+)质粒(Invitrogen)的XhoI/BamHI位点。在12-孔平板上(Falcon)在含有10%FBS(Biowhitaker)的DMEM培养基(Life Technologies,Carlsbad,CA USA)中,接种入1×105COS-1细胞,在37℃下、具有5%CO2的大气中培养至70%汇合。除去培养基,每孔中加入1μg的DNA、7μl PLUS试剂和2μl的Lipofectamin(Life Technologies)在500μl DMEM中的溶液。细胞在37℃下、具有5%CO2的大气中培养,5小时后加入相同体积的20%FBS/DMEM。24小时后,培养基完全换液。转染48小时后,加入不同浓度的测试化合物和24nM[3H]地塞米松(Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ USA)的DMEM培养基溶液。细胞在37℃下、具有5%CO2的大气中培养90分钟,用PBS缓冲液(Sigma,St.Louis,MO USA)洗涤3次,冷却至4℃(pH=7.4),然后在含有0.2%SDS(Sigma,St.Louis,MO USA)的Tris缓冲液(pH=8.0)(Sigma,St.Louis,MO USA)中裂解。加入UltimaGold XR(Packard BioScience,Groningen,The Netherlands)闪烁液后,在Tricarb(Packard)β-闪烁计数器上读取残余放射活性。
化合物7和10对糖皮质激素受体具有亲和力,这是因为它们在测试中从糖皮质激素受体中置换出放射活性地塞米松。其它的本发明化合物当在该测试中进行测定时,也显示出类似结果。
对由细胞调亡诱导引起的小鼠T细胞杂交瘤13增殖抑制的测定
在96孔平板中,在含有10%FBS的RPMI培养基(Institute of Immunology,Zagreb)中进行三份测试甾体化合物稀释。向不同浓度的化合物溶液中加入20000细胞/孔,在37℃下、具有5%CO2的大气中培养过夜,然后加入1μCi[3H]脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷(Pharmacia,Piscataway,NJ USA),混合物继续培养3小时。应用GF/C过滤装置(Packard)真空收集细胞。在各孔中加入30μlMicroscynt O闪烁液(Packard),在β-闪烁计数器(Packard)上测量掺入的放射活性。通过使用糖皮质激素受体强效拮抗剂米非司酮(Sigma,St.Louis,MOUSA)拮抗增殖抑制,证实了由糖皮质激素诱导的细胞凋亡具有特异性。
化合物7、9和10在1μM至1nM的浓度下显示出对T细胞杂交瘤13增殖具有抑制作用。其它的本发明化合物当在该测试中进行测定时,也显示出抗增殖活性。
表1a在T淋巴细胞杂交瘤13细胞测定中的IC50值
化合物 | IC50M |
7 | 4,64×10-7 |
9 | 3,03×10-7 |
10 | 4,17×10-8 |
13 | 2,87×10-7 |
14 | 4,55×10-7 |
16 | 1,12×10-7 |
17 | 4,16×10-8 |
18 | 4,74×10-7 |
IC50值采用GraphPad Prism软件计算。
全部化合物具有小于2μM的IC50值,被认为具有活性。
测定对白介素4、白介素5和γ伴刀豆球蛋白-A诱导的鼠脾细胞干扰素产物的抑制作用
脾细胞由通过注射硫喷妥钠(Pliva,Zagreb,Croatia)处死的Balb/C小鼠的脾脏分离得到。将脾脏剁碎,在Histopaque 1083(Sigma Diagnostics,St.Louis,MO USA Cat.No 1083-1)上分离单核细胞。将在含有10%胎牛血清(Biowhittaker)的RPMI培养基(Institute of Immunology,Zagreb,Croatia))中稀释的化合物吸入到96孔平板上,并加入在相同培养基中的细胞(每孔200000个细胞),以及最终浓度为5μg/ml的伴刀豆球蛋白A刺激剂(Sigma2002-2003 cat.No C5275)。阳性对照中没有稀释的化合物,代替稀释的化合物的是含10%胎牛血清和相同浓度的伴刀豆球蛋白A的RPMI培养基,在37℃,相对湿度95%,CO2浓度为5%空气中培养72小时。细胞在-70℃下冷冻,直至进行细胞因子的检测。
按照制造商(R&D)推荐方法,通过特异性ELISA方法测定细胞因子白介素4、白介素5和干扰素γ。
采用下式计算抑制百分数:
%抑制=(1-[细胞因子在样品中的浓度]/[细胞因子在阳性对照中的浓度])*100
化合物10在1μM至1nM的浓度下抑制细胞因子生成。
小鼠肺部嗜酸粒细胞增多模型
将体重为20-25g的雄性Balb/C小鼠随机分组,通过在第0天和第14天腹膜内(i.p.)注射卵白蛋白(OVA,Sigma,St.Louis,MO USA)致敏。在第20天,小鼠通过i.n.(鼻内)给予OVA(阳性对照或测试组)或PBS(阴性对照)进行攻击试验(challenge test)。i.n.给予OVA 48小时后,将动物麻醉,肺用1mlPBS灌肺。在Cytospin 3离心机(Shandon)上分离细胞。将细胞在Diff-Quick(Dade)中染色,通过鉴别计数至少100个细胞,测量嗜酸粒细胞百分比。
倍氯米松(Pliva d.d.)被用作阳性和阴性对照的标准物质。在攻击试验之前,化合物每天以不同剂量i.n.或i.p.给药两天,直到测试完成。
采用用于测量皮质酮(corticosterone)(R&D系统)的试剂盒,测量各动物血浆中的皮质酮水平。化合物10(2mg/kg鼻内给药)对皮质酮水平没有影响,而倍氯米松(1mg/kg鼻内给药)被用作标准品显著地抑制了皮质酮水平。
相对于阳性对照而言,化合物10还具有统计学意义地显著地降低了(t-检验,p<0.05)肺灌洗液中的嗜酸粒细胞数目。预期其它的本发明化合物也可以观察到类似结果。
巴豆油在雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠中诱导的水肿
使用自动吸管将测试和对照物质、以及载体(丙酮)局部给药至各动物右耳的内外表面,体积为60μL/耳(30μL/表面),30分钟后,巴豆油产生作用(challenge)。测试物质以2或5mg/耳/60μL丙酮的剂量给药。地塞米松以1mg/耳/60μL丙酮的剂量给药。30分钟后,使用自动吸管向各动物右耳的内外表面局部给药20%巴豆油的丙酮乳液,体积为60μL/耳(30μL/表面)。作用5小时后,动物通过在100%CO2大气中窒息实施安乐死。为了评价耳水肿,在左右耳廓上切得8mm圆孔,称重。通过从接受治疗的对侧耳重量中减去未接受治疗耳的8mm圆孔重量,计算水肿程度。将对接受治疗的动物的水肿的抑制作用表示为对照大鼠(0%)的百分比。
局部给药1次对照物质地塞米松(1mg/耳),显著地将耳水肿减轻了85.77%(p<0.05,非参数ANOVA,n=8)。以2mg/耳的单剂量局部施用1次化合物10,将耳水肿减轻了51.58%(p>0.05,非参数ANOVA,p=0.0285,不成对t-检验,n=8),以5mg/耳的剂量局部给药1次,则显著地将耳水肿减轻了85.53%(p<0.05,非参数ANOVA,n=8)。
在另一实验中,以5mg/耳的剂量局部给药1次化合物17,则显著地将耳水肿减轻了76.59%(ANOVA,具有Tukey-Kramer多重比较检验,p<0.01,n=8)。
皮下海绵植入模型
在本模型中,在Sprague-Dawley大鼠中测定局部发炎之后其新形成的肉芽组织,以及化合物对血浆皮质酮浓度和胸腺重量的影响。Sprague-Dawley大鼠购自Iffa Credo,Lyon,France,且使用10周大的雄性大鼠。购买为5mm厚度片材形式的PVA海绵材料(Oriolik,Croatia)。使用木塞钻孔器将海绵片材切成14mm圆片。圆片首先预先使用流动自来水洗涤,然后使用软化水洗涤,最后浸渍在Pursept溶液(Merz Hygiene,Germany)中1小时。之后,将其使用软化水充分漂洗,在80℃下干燥和加热2小时,储存在无菌条件下。将全部物质溶解于乙醇中,施加到无菌海绵上,在层流室中放干,然后将海绵植入。化合物10以10mg/0.3mL/海绵的单剂量给药,而将贝氯米松二丙酸盐以2或10mg/0.3mL/海绵施用。
在第0天,将动物通过吸入分散在麻醉诱导室(Stoelting Co.,USA)中的异氟烷(Abbott Laboratories Ltd.,USA)和5%氧气麻醉。清除气体采用Fluovac240V系统(International Market Supply,England)。使用气体麻醉罩(StoeltingCo.,USA)维持麻醉,按照一定间隔检查足反射性反应(pedal reflex response)。植入区剃毛后,使用Pursept溶液(MERZ Hygiene,Germany)消毒。使用严格的无菌方法,在左和右肩胛区正下方制得两个1cm长的皮肤切口。在左伤口的左侧和右伤口的右侧使用钝镊子制得小的皮下袋。在所有动物中,将所给药的含有载体或已溶解物质的海绵插入在左侧,未接受治疗的插入在右侧。将皮肤缝闭,用Pursept溶液消毒。在第7天,大鼠通过腹膜内给药硫喷妥钠(PLIVA;0.5mL/100g体重)麻醉,然后通过穿刺A.颈动脉(carotis com)放血。
将血液收集在Vacutainer试管(Becton Dickinson,USA)中进行血浆皮质酮浓度分析。血浆中的皮质酮水平采用用于定量测定皮质酮的R&D系统试剂盒测量。竞争性ELISA使用碱性磷酸酯共轭物皮质酮作为竞争者进行。将样本培养2小时,成功洗涤后,加入底物。1小时后,在405nm处测量吸收度。OD值与升高的皮质酮浓度反向相关。皮质酮浓度使用由皮质酮标准浓度稀释液生成的校准曲线计算。
为了测定胸腺重量,切除胸腺后使用分析天平称重。将治疗动物胸腺尺寸的减小表达为对照大鼠(0%)的百分比。
为了评价新形成的肉芽组织,将海绵小心切除后,各海绵使用无菌手术缝合线穿孔以使其在离心过程中保持位于Falcon试管上方。试管离心(1000rpm每10分钟)。将海绵倾入灭菌器中,在60℃下加热干燥。24小时后,海绵使用分析天平称重,测量新形成的肉芽组织。将接受治疗的海绵重量与同一动物的对侧未接受治疗的海绵重量进行对照。
使用具有Tukey-Kramer多重比较检验(Tukey-Kramer MultipleComparisons Test)的单向方差分析法(ANOVA),比较胸腺和海绵重量。为了比较皮质酮浓度,进行具有Dunn’s Multiple Comparisons Test)的非参数ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis检验。显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
植入海绵7天后,将化合物10以10mg/海绵的单剂量给药至海绵,和未接受治疗和载体海绵相比较,这样显著减轻了肉芽组织的形成。相对于载体而言,贝氯米松在以2和10mg/海绵的剂量植入海绵之后,均显著减轻了胸腺重量;而以10mg/海绵的剂量给药化合物10对于胸腺重量没有影响。与载体对照比较,以10mg/海绵的剂量使用贝氯米松显著降低了血浆皮质酮浓度,而化合物10对于血浆皮质酮水平没有影响。
由细菌脂多糖诱导的肺中性白细胞增多症
将重25g的雄性Balb/cJ小鼠(Iffa Credo,Lyon,France)随机分成3组:测试组、阳性和阴性对照组(每组10只动物)。向Balb/cJ小鼠鼻内(i.n.)施用载体、贝氯米松二丙酸盐或测试物质。30分钟后,向所有组鼻内给与60μl以167μg/ml的浓度溶解于PBS中的细菌脂多糖(LPS),除阴性对照组之外,后者接受相同体积PBS。动物在24小时后处死,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),用于测定中性粒细胞和IL-6和TNF-α浓度。细胞因子使用夹心ELISA(R&D系统)测定。使用GraphPad prism软件、单向ANOVA TurkeyKramer Multiple Comparisons Test进行统计学分析。贝氯米松二丙酸盐(2mg/kg)非显著地降低了所有测试参数。和阳性对照组相比较,磷酸盐形式的化合物10(4mg/kg)在统计学上显著减少了BALF中的中性粒细胞,同时显著降低了TNF-α和IL-6浓度。
合成方法和实施例
前体
在制备方法的下述实施例中,描述了由大环内酯前体M1-M8和甾体前体S1-S24和非甾体前体D10、D11和D12合成式I化合物,这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的唯一性。
大环内酯亚单元
大环内酯亚单元M1-M8为由下述通式结构所示的化合物:
表1
RN | R4 | R5 | 分子式 | MH+ | |
M1 | H | H | H | C21H41NO7 | 420,2 |
M2 | CH2CH2CN | H | H | C24H44N2O7 | 473,3 |
M3 | CH2-(CH2)2-NH2 | H | H | C24H48N2O7 | 477,4 |
M4 | CH3 | H | H | C22H43NO7 | 434,7 |
M5 | CH3 | >C=O | C23H41NO8 | 460,4 | |
M6 | CH3 | C-(O)-NH-(CH2)4-NH2 | H | C27H53N3O8 | 548,4 |
M7 | H | >C=O | C22H39NO8 | 446,5 | |
M8 | H | C-(O)-NH-(CH2)4-NH2 | H | C26H51N3O8 | 534,4 |
R1=R2=R3=H
方法A
a)将化合物M1(480mg;1.1mmol)溶解于10mL丙烯腈中,反应混合物在95℃下加热24小时。然后,减压蒸发除去溶剂。得到500mg化合物M2,其直接用于进一步合成不再提前纯化。
b) 将化合物M2(500mg)溶解于20mL无水乙醇中,用催化剂PtO2(60mg)在40atm压力下水合两天。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,洗脱剂CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1。得到193mg化合物M3。
表1中给出了化合物M1、M2和M3的性质。
方法B
a)将阿奇霉素(11g)溶解于40mL CHCl3和80mL 6M HCl中,反应混合物在60℃下加热20小时。分离有机层和水层,然后将水相pH调节至9.5,水层再用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥并蒸发。分离得到6g化合物M4。MS(MH+)=434.7
b)将化合物M4(5.95g,13.7mmol)、碳酸亚乙酯(7.3g,82.5mmol)和碳酸钾(2.28g,16.5mmol)混合于100mL乙酸乙酯中,在75℃下回流加热72h。分离有机层和水层,有机层用无水Na28O4干燥并蒸发。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1。分离得到3.5mg化合物M5。MS(m/z):460.4[MH]+。
c)在1.3mL(12.85mmol)1,4-二氨基丁烷中溶解118mg(0.26mmole)化合物M5。然后向溶液中加入30mg(0.26mmole)吡啶盐酸盐。反应混合物在室温下搅拌20小时。产物通过二氯甲烷萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=30∶50∶2,得到50mg胺M6。MS(MH+)=548.4
d)将化合物M1(5.05g,12.04mmol)与碳酸亚乙酯(6.5g,7.38mmol)和碳酸钾(1.7g,1.23mmol)混合。向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯(90ml)。溶液搅拌下加热至75℃,持续24小时。混合物用水(2×50ml)洗涤。有机层然后用水(50ml)稀释,使用2M HCl调节至pH 7并分离。有机层再次用水(50ml)稀释,使用2M HCl调节至pH7并分离。有机层合并后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。得到1.7g化合物M7。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 446.31
e)在2.25ml(22.39mmol)的1,4-二氨基丁烷中溶解200mg(0.45mmole)化合物M7。然后向该溶液中加入52mg(0.45mmol)吡啶盐酸盐。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3天。产物通过二氯甲烷萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥并减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=30∶50∶2,得到60mg胺M8。MS(MH+)=534.4
化合物M9.将PS-碳二亚胺树脂(1.15mg;1.38mmol)加入至干燥的反应容器中。向干燥树脂中加入12-(Fmoc-氨基)十二烷酸(Fluka,Lot 440842/150903094)(2)(200mg;0.46mmol)的CH2Cl2(7.5ml)溶液,混合物在室温下搅拌。45分钟后,加入化合物M3(109mg;0.23mmol)的CH2Cl2(3.5ml)溶液,反应在50℃下搅拌20小时得到酰胺产物。混合物过滤后,真空浓缩除去溶剂。粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到化合物M9(160mg)。
LC/MS(面积%):93.4%。
HPLC-MS:MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+896.66(计算值:896.59)
化合物M10.将化合物M9(160mg,0.18mmol)溶解于哌啶(1ml)和CH2Cl2(5ml)中。反应混合物在室温下搅拌2小时。蒸发除去溶剂,残余痕量的哌啶通过加入并真空除去CH2Cl2(数份)而除去。粗产物通过硅胶柱在溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1中纯化,得到化合物M10(132mg)。
LC/MS(面积%):95.7%。
HPLC-MS:MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 674.62(计算值:674.52)
IR(KBr)cm-1:3307,3093,2927,2854,1722,1715,1667,1660,1651,1645,1557,1539,1505,1463,1456,1373,1353,1265,1165,1091,1053,958,811,736。
甾体亚单元
甾体亚单元S1-S24是下述通式所示的化合物:
表2
Ra | Rb | Rc | Rd | Re | 分子式 | |
S1 | F | H | OH | OH | CH3 | C21H27FO5 |
S2 | F | F | OH | OH | CH3 | C21H26F2O5 |
S3 | H | H | OCH3 | OH | H | C21H28O5 |
S4 | F | H | OH | OH | H | C20H25FO5 |
S5 | H | F | OH | OH | CH3 | C21H27FO5 |
S6 | H | CH3 | OH | OH | H | C21H28O5 |
S7 | F | H | NH(CH2)2NHBoc | H | CH3 | C28H41FN2O5 |
S8 | F | F | OH | DDO | C23H28F2O6 | |
S9 | F | H | OH | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C24H29FO6 |
S10 | F | H | OCH3 | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C25H31FO6 |
S11 | F | F | OH | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C24H28F2O6 |
S12 | F | F | OCH3 | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C25H30F2O6 |
S13 | F | H | NH(CH2)2NH2 | H | CH3 | C23H33FN2O3 |
S14 | F | H | OCH3 | O(C)O(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NHBoc | CH3 | C32H47FN2O8 |
S15 | H | F | OH | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C24H29FO6 |
S16 | H | H | OH | OH | H | C21H27FO5 |
S17 | H | H | OH | OC(O)C=C | H | C24H30O6 |
S18 | H | F | OCH3 | OC(O)C=C | CH3 | C25H31FO6 |
S19 | H | H | OCH3 | OC(O)C=C | H | C24H30O6 |
S20 | F | H | S(O)N(CH3)2 | OC(O)C=C | H | C27H34FNO6S |
S21 | F | H | O(O)N(CH3)2 | OC(O)C=C | H | C27H34FNO7 |
S22 | F | H | OCH3 | O(C)O(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2 | CH3 | C27H39FN2O6 |
S23 | H | CH3 | OH | OC(O)C=C | H | C24H30O6 |
S24 | H | CH3 | OCH3 | OC(O)C=C | H | C25H32O6 |
DDO=2,2-二甲基-1,3-二唑酮
图解1
制备S7(图解1)
在氩气下,向化合物S4(500mg,1.38mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.5mL,10.76mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(373mg,2.76mmol)、NH2CH2CH2NHBoc(218μl,1.38mmol)和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(1.06g,5.52mmol)。反应混合物在室温和氩气流下搅拌24小时,减压浓缩。在硅胶柱上纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1)得到646mg化合物S7。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+505.46
制备S13(图解1)
将化合物S7(630mg,1.25mmol)在TFA(3ml)和CH2Cl2(3ml)中的溶液在室温下搅拌1.5小时。真空除去TFA和CH2Cl2,残余的痕量TFA通过加入并真空除去CH2Cl2(数份)而除去,得到1.32g化合物S13。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 405.30
图解2
制备S9(图解2)
将甾体S1(1.5g,3.96mmol)和三乙胺(1.1ml,7.93mmol)的CH2Cl2(40ml)溶液在0℃下使用丙烯酰氯(644μl,7.93mmol)处理。30min后,反应混合物先后使用饱和NaHCO3和H2O洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥并减压蒸发,得到固体中间体。将其在丙酮(30mL)中和二乙胺(2.07mL,19.8mmol)搅拌2小时。溶液浓缩后,用水稀释,用乙酸乙酯洗涤。水相使用2 M HCl酸化至pH 2,过滤得到固体。得到1.28g化合物S9。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 433.28;IR(KBr)cm-1:3477,2940,2879,2601,1731,1655,1596,1452,1401,1376,1276,1401,1376,1276,1221,1195,1146,1118,1064,1038,1011,975,951,931,904,874,832,812,767,703,657,635。
制备S10(图解2)
在氩气下,向化合物S9(1.1g,2.54mmol)的无水THF(8ml)溶液中加入LiOHxH2O(106mg,2.54mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌30min。然后加入Me2SO4(235μl,2.54mmol),所得到的混合物在65℃下搅拌3小时。反应混合物使用乙酸乙酯(30ml)稀释,先后使用饱和NaHCO3和水洗涤。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。得到925mg化合物S10。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 447.32;IR(KBr)cm-1:3333,3111,2944,2878,1753,1728,1659,1604,1450,1434,1409,1285,1262,1239,1192,1148,1117,1101,1065,1043,1013,977,928,893,879,809,707,686,662。
制备S14(图解2)
在化合物S10(800mg,1.8mmol)的MeOH(20ml)和CH3CN(10ml)溶液中加入NH2CH2CH2NHBoc(570μl,3.6mmol)。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。减压蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5。得到925mg化合物S14。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+607.38;IR(KBr)cm-1:3404,2975,2941,2878,1745,1665,1619,1509,1459,1392,1366,1268,1243,1175,1116,1064,1047,1032,1015,977,929,889,814,795,735,706,687,656。
制备S22(图解2)
将化合物S14(697mg,1.15mmol)的TFA(2ml)和CH2Cl2(2ml)溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。真空除去TFA和CH2Cl2,残余的痕量TFA通过加入并真空除去CH2Cl2(数份)而除去。粗产物稀释于CH2Cl2(20ml)中,用水萃取。水层用NaOH中和,乙酸乙酯萃取(2×20ml)。有机层合并后,用Na2SO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。得到523mg化合物S22。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+507.44;IR(KBr)cm-1:3416,2940,2878,1741,1664,1619,1452,1392,1375,1268,1240,1201,1178,1117,1064,1047,1032,1014,977,928,889,799,721,686。
制备S15
将甾体S5(500mg,1.32mmol)和三乙胺(0.37mL,2.64mmol)的CH2Cl2(30ml)溶液在0℃使用丙烯酰氯(0.22mL,2.64mmol)处理。30min后,反应混合物用CH2Cl2稀释,先后使用NaHCO3水溶液和H2O洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到固体中间体。将其在丙酮(25mL)中和二乙胺(0.69mL,6.61mmmol)搅拌2小时。溶液浓缩后,用水稀释,EtOAc洗涤。水相使用2N HCl酸化至pH2,过滤得到固体。得到259mg化合物S15。MS(m/z):433.36[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3438,3246,2937,2878,2656,1731,1717,1663,1628,1609,1458,1453,1409,1365,1318,1300,1278,1260,1193,1180,1118,1080,1061,1038,988,971,928,900,835,807,780,719,706。
制备S11
将甾体S2(0.5g,1.26mmol)和三乙胺(0.35mL,2.52mmol)的CH2Cl2(30ml)溶液在0℃下使用丙烯酰氯(0.21mL,2.52mmol)处理。30min后,反应混合物使用CH2Cl2稀释,先后使用NaHCO3水溶液和水洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到固体中间体。将其在丙酮(25ml)中和二乙胺(0.66mL,6.31mmol)搅拌2小时。溶液浓缩后,用水稀释,EtOAc洗涤。水相使用2 N HCl酸化至pH 2,过滤得到固体。得到212mg化合物S11。MS(m/z):451.00[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3423,2941,2880,2624,1726,1665,1619,1609,1458,1407,1377,1301,1261,1234,1199,1150,1120,1071,1041, 1028,993,978,937,899,851,808,777,710,659。
制备S12
将1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(1当量,0.11mmol)加入至10%酸S11(0.11mmol,50mg)的碳酸二甲酯溶液中,所得到的混合物在微波反应器中加热(100℃)10分钟。反应混合物冷却至室温,用CH2Cl2和水稀释。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发后在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH=12∶1。得到39mg化合物S12。MS(m/z):464.96[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3339,2978,2943,2881,1736,1663,1619,1606,1452,1452,1432,1406,1375,1285,1255,1243,1214,1194,1116,1103,1072,1042,1006,990,978,933,896,851,812,735,712,685。
制备S17
将甾体S16(0.5g,1.44mmol)和三乙胺(0.40mL,2.89mmol)的CH2Cl2(30ml)溶液在0℃下使用丙烯酰氯(0.24mL,2.89mmol)处理。30min后,反应混合物使用CH2Cl2稀释,先后使用NaHCO3水溶液和水洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到固体中间体。将其在丙酮(25mL)中和二乙胺(0.75mL,7.22mmol)搅拌2小时。溶液浓缩后,用水稀释,EtOAc洗涤。水相使用2N HCl酸化至pH2,过滤得到固体。得到260mg化合物S17。MS(m/z):401.25[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3567,3448,2938,2914,2851,2643,2602,1732,1713,1653,1606,1596,1452,1406,1394,1346,1297,1258,1212,1184,1126,1084,1040,988,972,941,930,908,888,828,812,769,719,656。
制备S18
将1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(1当量,0.23mmo1)加入至10%酸S15(0.23mmol,100mg)的碳酸二甲酯溶液中,所得到的混合物加热回流(90℃)。完成后,反应混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc和水稀释。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发后在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶8∶1。得到40mg化合物S18。MS(m/z):447.39[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3423,3368,2973,2944,2875,1737,1726,1657,1619,1602,1459,1450,1406,1389,1367,1307,1284,1242,1196,1116,1083,1065,1040,987,976,941,928,895,828,812,712,671。
制备S19
将1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(1当量,0.25mmol)加入至10%酸S17(0.25mmol,100mg)的碳酸二甲酯溶液中,所得到的混合物加热回流(90℃)。完成后,反应混合物冷却至室温,用EtOAc和水稀释。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发后在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶8∶1。得到42mg化合物S19。
MS(m/z):415.32[MH]+
制备S23
将甾体S6(700mg,1.942mmol)和三乙胺(0.54mL,3.884mmol)的CH2Cl2(50ml)溶液在0℃下使用丙烯酰氯(0.315mL,3.884mmol)处理。30min后,反应混合物使用CH2Cl2稀释,先后使用NaHCO3水溶液和H2O洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到固体中间体。将其在丙酮(40mL)和二乙胺(1.015mL,9.71mmmol)中搅拌2小时。溶液浓缩后,用水稀释,EtOAc洗涤。水相使用2NHCl酸化至pH2,过滤得到固体。得到111mg化合物S23。MS(m/z):415.48[MH]+
制备S24
在化合物S23(100mg,0.24mmol)的无水THF(1.5mL)溶液中加入10.1mg(0.24mmol)LiOHxH2O。反应混合物在室温下搅拌30min。在反应混合物中加入22.3μL的Me2SO4(0.24mmol),混合物在65℃下搅拌2小时。完成后,反应混合物冷却至室温,用20mL EtOAc稀释,然后依次用20mL饱和NaHCO3和20mL水处理。有机层用Na2SO4干燥并蒸发。得到121mg化合物S24。MS(m/z):429.48[MH]+
制备化合物S25
向1.0g(2.30mmol)醋酸帕拉米松的20mL甲苯溶液中加入960μL(6.90mmol,3eq)TEA,再加入219μL(2.30mmol,1eq)3-氯丙酰氯。溶液在室温下搅拌24小时,蒸发后,粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系乙酸乙酯∶己烷5∶3。分离得到417mg纯产物。
MS(m/z):489.38[MH]+MS(teor.)=488.55
纯度(HPLC-MS):96.42%
IR(KBr):3386,3112,3037,2960,2924,2876,1751,1724,1679,1619,1602,1501,1452,1410,1388,1373,1342,1318,1267,1234,1198,1178,1139,1120,1092,1050,1028,1011,986,916,894,871,845,816,789,742,721,695,657。
制备化合物S26
向100mg(0.205mmol)化合物S25的5mL THF溶液中加入17mg(0.410mmol)LiOHxH2O和5mL水,反应混合物在室温下搅拌15min。然后使用1M NaOH调节pH至8,产物用DCM萃取。有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥并蒸发得到28mg纯产物。
MS(m/z):447.10[MH]+MS(teor.)=446.51
纯度(HPLC-MS):98.37%
化合物S27
将化合物S12在10mL无水THF中的溶液使用30.7mg(1.0mmol)K2CO3和0,0197mL(1.1mmol)乙基碘处理。反应混合物在室温下搅拌24h,但是未得到产物。将混合物加热至55℃,在2小时内得到产物。混合物倾入20mL DCM和20mL水的混合物中并萃取。有机层用水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥并蒸发。分离得到45mg粗产物。
MS(m/z):479.09[MH]+MS(teor.)=478.53
纯度(HPLC-MS):76.77%
非甾体亚单元
用于合成的前体是非甾体类抗炎药物(NSAID),例如醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、乙酰水杨酸、乙酰水杨酰-2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶酸、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、氨洛芬、氨芬酸、阿尼利定、苄达酸、苯噁洛芬、柏莫洛芬、α-没药醇、溴芬酸、5-溴水杨酸乙酸酯、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、布替布芬、卡洛芬、色甘酸盐、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、安胃灵(glutametacin)、水杨酸羟乙酯、异丁芬酸、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、美沙拉秦、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、孟鲁司特、萘普生、尼氟酸、奥沙拉秦、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、帕沙米特、哌异唑、苯基-乙酰基-水杨酸酯、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、吡拉唑酸、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺-O-乙酸、水杨酰硫酸酯、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、他莫昔芬、替诺昔康、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、替诺立定、托芬那酸、 托匹星、托美丁、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗、扎鲁司特,部分实施例的前体是氟尼辛(D10)、氟芬那酸(D11)和塞来考昔(D12):
制备D13(图解3)
将塞来考昔(D12)(4g,10.5mmol)、DMAP(640mg,5.24mmol)、重碳酸二叔丁酯(di-t-butyl-dicarbonate)(7.52mL,31.5mmol)和三乙胺(1.75mL,12.57mmol)在无水THF(20mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。然后加入溴代乙酸甲酯(2.63mL,26.24mmol)和K2CO3(2.9g,21mmol),所得到的混合物在室温下搅拌22小时。反应混合物倾入饱和NaHCO3,用乙酸乙酯(2×50mL)萃取。有机层合并后,用饱和NaCl洗涤(50mL),MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩。所得到的玻璃状物通过色谱法纯化(硅胶,90∶9∶1.5CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH),得到4.53g产物D13,为白色粉末。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+554.33;IR(KBr)cm-1:3449,3136,3108,2983,1919,1759,1738,1618,1598,1501,1473,1450,1411,1372,1314,1273,1239,1165,1146,1095,1016,995,976,939,846,808,763,744,718,653。
图解3
制备D14(图解3)
将化合物D13(4.53g,8.18mmol)的TFA(5mL)和CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。真空除去TFA和CH2Cl2,残余的痕量TFA通过加入并真空除去CH2Cl2(数份)而除去,得到4.43g油状产物D14。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+454.27;IR(KBr)cm-1:3281,2954,2925,1747,1595,1555,1499,1476,1438,1411,1376,1354,1324,1279,1238,1216,1162,1133,1100,1016,978,949,874,849,803,762,744,722,700,633。
制备D15(图解3)
将化合物D14(4.43g,9.77mmol)的THF(15mL)溶液使用LiOH(820mg,19.54mmol)的水(15mL)溶液处理,并搅拌30min。真空除去THF,所得到的混合物使用0.1M HCl调节至pH2。所得到的固体通过过滤分离,得到3.84g化合物D15。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 440.25;IR(KBr)cm-1:3396,1606,1574,1501,1472,1415,1373,1326,1274,1238,1169,1156,1129,1098,1022,974,930,847,813,758,628。
制备D16(图解3)
在氩气下,向化合物D15(500mg,1.14mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.4mL,10mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(308mg,2.28mmol)、NH2CH2CH2NHBoc(180μl,1.14mmol)和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(874mg,4.56mmol)。反应混合物在室温下在氩气流中搅拌24小时,减压浓缩。在硅胶柱上纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1)得到390mg化合物D16。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 582.33;IR(KBr)cm-1:3378,2979,2933,2878,1686,1598,1528,1499,1473,1450,1409,1369,1341,1273,1238,1163,1135,1097,1006,976,843,827,808,761,744,719,694,627。
制备D17(图解3)
将化合物D16(300mg,0.52mmol)的TFA(3mL)和CH2Cl2(5mL)溶液在室温下搅拌2小时。真空除去TFA和CH2Cl2,残余的痕量TFA通过加入并真空除去CH2Cl2(数份)而除去,得到250mg产物D17。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+482.19。
图解4
制备D18(图解4)
在氩气下,向氟芬那酸D11(245mg,0.87mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(20ml)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.2ml,8.73mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(240mg,1.78mmol)、NH2(CH2)6NHFmoc(300mg,0.9mmol)和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(700mg,3.65mmol)。反应混合物在室温下在氩气流中搅拌24小时,减压浓缩。在硅胶柱上纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1)得到430mg化合物D18。
制备D19(图解4)
将化合物D18(400mg,0.66mmol)的乙酸乙酯(5mL)和哌啶(2mL)溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。真空除去乙酸乙酯和哌啶。得到370mg化合物D19。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+380.22
图解5
制备D20(图解5)
在氩气下,向氟尼辛D10(340mg,1.15mmol)的无水CH2Cl2(10mL)溶液中加入三乙胺(1.6mL,11.5mmol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(312mg,2.3mmol)、NH2(CH2)6NHFmoc(390mg,1.15mmol)和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐(880mg,4.6mmol)。反应混合物在室温下和氩气流中搅拌24小时,减压浓缩。在硅胶柱上纯化(洗脱剂:CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1)得到548mg化合物D20。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+617.66
制备D21(图解5)
将化合物D20(548mg,0.89mmol)的乙酸乙酯(5mL)和哌啶(2mL)溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。真空除去乙酸乙酯和哌啶。得到732mg产物D21。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+395.45
实施例
化合物1
在化合物S9(250mg,0.58mmol)的甲醇(20mL)溶液中加入915mg(1.16mmol)大环内酯M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=30∶50∶2。得到540mg化合物1。MS(m/z):909,42[MH]+。
化合物2
将化合物S13(1.3g,3.2mmol)和化合物M7(130mg,0.3mmol)溶解于吡啶(5mL)中。然后向溶液中加入吡啶盐酸盐(35mg,0.3mmol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1ml)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌7天。产物通过CH2Cl2萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1,得到80mg产物2。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+850.70;IR(KBr)cm-1:3409,2939,2877,1664,1535,1495,1381,1296,1248,1163,1091,1070,975,928,889,829,757,702。
化合物3
将化合物D17(220mg,0.5mmol)和化合物M7(222mg,0.5mmol)溶解于吡啶(5mL)中。然后向溶液中加入吡啶盐酸盐(58mg,0.5mmol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌6天。产物通过CH2Cl2萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5,得到24mg产物3。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+927.68;IR(KBr)cm-1:3416,2973,2934,2880,1660,1599,1546,1498,1471,1376,1339,1272,1238,1163,1134,1097,974,843,808,761,740,703,615。
化合物4
将化合物D21(732mg,1.86mmol)和化合物M7(220mg,0.5mmol)溶解于吡啶(7mL)中。然后向溶液中加入吡啶盐酸盐(60mg,0.5mmol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌6天。然后产物通过CH2Cl2萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5,得到70mg产物4。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+840.43;IR(KBr)cm-1:3339,2971,2935,2878,1645,1593,1524,1462,1380,1320,1254,1186,1168,1122,1088,1023,975,927,795,772,720,665,614。
化合物5
将化合物S22(220mg,0.5mmol)和化合物M7(223mg,0.5mmol)溶解于吡啶(5mL)中。然后向溶液中加入吡啶盐酸盐(58mg,0.5mmol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌6天。产物通过CH2Cl2萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5,得到80mg产物5。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 953.80
化合物6
将化合物D19(380mg,0.5mmol)和化合物M7(222mg,0.5mmol)溶解于吡啶(5mL)中。然后向溶液中加入吡啶盐酸盐(58mg,0.5mmol)和1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-十一碳-7-烯(1mL)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌6天。产物通过CH2Cl2萃取,用水洗涤,有机层接下来用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发除去溶剂。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5,得到18mg产物6。MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+825.47;IR(KBr)cm-1:3369,2970,2935,2878,1632,1595,1524,1452,1426,1377,1336,1283,1248,1165,1124,1097,1070,975,928,793,750,699,663。
化合物7
在化合物S10(50mg,0.11mmol)的甲醇(10mL)溶液中加入107mg(0.22mmol)大环内酯M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=6∶1∶0.1。得到23mg化合物7。MS(m/z):923.47[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3449,2938,2878,1738,1665,1621,1562,1544,1525,1521,1460,1377,1353,1266,1242,1178,1099,1050,1015,977,957,891,810,705,673。
化合物8
在化合物S19(41mg,0.099mmol)的甲醇(6mL)溶液中加入47mg(0.009mmol)大环内酯M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶8∶1。得到19mg化合物8。MS(m/z):891.58[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3449,2974,2935,2876,1871,1846,1735,1658,1618,1545,1509,1459,1375,1352,1283,1177,1127,1087,1036,995,958,939,888,819,708。
化合物9
将含有化合物S18(77mg,0.17mmol)的甲醇(8mL)溶液和165mg(0.35mmol)大环内酯M3的反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶8∶1,得到36mg化合物9。MS(m/z):923.61[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3449,2974,2951,2935,2878,1736,1665,1626,1605,1561,1509,1459,1375,1319,1289,1254,1175,1080,1038,958,928,900,822,757,719,666。
化合物10
将含有化合物S12(37mg,0.08mmol)的甲醇∶乙腈(2∶5)溶液和76mg(0.16mmol)大环内酯M3的混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶8∶1,得到55mg化合物10。MS(m/z):941.97[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3449,2964,2936,2878,1736,1670,1630,1561,1509,1459,1376,1288,1260,1236,1178,1106,1074,1035,994,956,940,899,849,817,755,709,669。
化合物11
将化合物1(130mg,0.14mmol)和二甲基硫代氨甲酰氯(dimethyltiocarbamoylchloride)(35.32mg,0.286mmol)在2-丁酮(10mL)中的溶液在室温下依次使用三乙胺(0.044ml,0.31mmol)、碘化钠(21mg,0.143mmol)、和水(0.013mL)处理,并搅拌3天。反应混合物然后依次使用二甲基乙酰胺(0.52mL)和水(3.23mL)处理;冷却至0℃,搅拌2小时后,用EtOAc萃取。有机层用Na2SO4干燥,减压蒸发。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶0.5。得到32mg化合物11。MS(m/z):996.48[MH]+;IR(cm-1)/KBr:3449,2938,2878,1735,1665,1624,1458,1375,1250,1174,1103,1056,1034,1013,981,956,929,894,781,703,672。
化合物12
将化合物1(130mg,0.14mmol)和二甲基氨甲酰氯(35.32mg,0.286mmol)在2-丁酮(10mL)中的溶液在室温下依次使用三乙胺(0.044ml,0.31mmol)、碘化钠(21mg,0.143mmol)、和水(0.013mL)处理,并搅拌3天。反应混合物依次使用二甲基乙酰胺(0.52mL)和水(3.23mL)处理;冷却至0℃,搅拌2小时后用EtOAc萃取。有机层用Na2SO4干燥并减压蒸发。混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶0.5。得到30mg化合物12。MS(m/z):980.5[MH]+
化合物13
在化合物S24(70mg,0.163mmol)的10mL甲醇和5mL乙腈溶液中加入156mg(0.327mmol)大环内酯M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,混合物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH=90∶9∶1.5。得到50mg化合物13。MS(m/z):906.00[MH]+。
化合物14
将化合物M10(60mg;0.09mmol)和化合物S12(42mg;0.09mmol)溶解于MeOH(10ml)和CH3CN(5ml)中,所得到的反应混合物在50℃下搅拌过夜。溶剂真空浓缩除去后,粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化两次,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 90∶8∶1,得到31mg化合物14。
LC/MS(面积%):94%。
HPLC-MS:MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+ 1138.80(计算值:1138.73)
IR(KBr)cm-1:3417,2932,2855,1742,1670,1633,1547,1457,1376,1288,1260,1181,1091,1074,1051,994,957,940,899,849,818,711。
化合物15
在10mL MeOH中溶解25mg化合物S26,然后加入34.68mg胺M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到12mg化合物15。
MS(m/z):923.31[MH]+MS(teor.)=923.16
纯度(HPLC-MS):93.50%
化合物16
向45mg(0.094mmol)化合物S27的10mL MeOH溶液中加入89.6mg(0.188mmol)胺M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到15mg化合物16。
MS(m/z):955.41[MH]+MS(teor.)=955.17
纯度(HPLC-MS):88.26%
化合物17
向100mg(0.215mmol)化合物S12的10mL MeOH溶液中加入137.3mg(0.280mmol)胺M11(按照国际公开WO2004/094449,实施例16所述制备)。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到139mg化合物17。
MS(m/z):955.35[MH]+MS(teor.)=954.56
纯度(HPLC-MS):97.65%
IR(KBr):3450,2939,2879,1738,1671,1628,1562,1545,1525,1459,1377,1288,1259,1236,1179,1072,1053,1036,994,957,941,900,850,817,756,709,667。
化合物18
向100mg(0.215mmol)化合物S12的10mL MeOH溶液中加入137.3mg(0.280mmol)胺M12(按照国际公开WO2004/094449,实施例17所述制备)。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到162mg化合物18。
MS(m/z):983.37[MH]+MS(teor.)=982.59
纯度(HPLC-MS):98.68%
IR(KBr):3448,2937,2878,1736,1671,1631,1458,1376,1288,1259,1236,1178,1105,1073,1053,1036,994,975,957,941,899,849,817,755,709,664。
化合物19
向150mg(0.307mmol)化合物S25的10mL MeOH溶液中加入292.6mg(0.615mmol)胺M3。反应混合物在55℃下搅拌24小时。蒸发除去溶剂后,产物在硅胶柱上纯化,使用溶剂体系CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 6∶1∶0.1,得到43mg化合物19。
MS(m/z):983.37[MH]+MS(teor.)=965.19
纯度(HPLC-MS):98.15%
化合物20
将化合物10(97mg;0.1mmol)溶解于MeOH(10ml)中,冷却至2℃。在该温度下向反应混合物中逐滴加入乙腈(2μl;0.2mmol)。在该温度下搅拌3小时后,蒸发除去溶剂得到白色油状产物,接着将其在硅胶柱上纯化,洗脱剂CHCl3∶MeOH∶NH4OH 90∶8∶1。得到88mg化合物20。
HPLC-MS:MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+983,5
IR(KBr)cm-1:3444,2953,2879,1744,1714,1671,1633,1455,1377,1289,1259,1180,1074,1049,1035,994,957,940,899,849,818,709
化合物21
将化合物10(100mg;0.1mmol)溶解于MeOH(10ml)中。在该溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(177μl;1mmol)和碘乙烷(52μl;0.65mmol)。反应混合物在50℃下搅拌24小时。真空蒸发除去溶剂,粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 90∶8∶1。得到22mg化合物21。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+969,4
化合物22
将化合物10(200mg;0.2mmol)溶解于CH3CN(10ml)中。在该溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(442μl;2.6mmol)和2-碘丙烷(520μl;5.2mmol)。反应混合物在50℃下搅拌24小时。真空蒸发除去溶剂后,粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 90∶8∶1。得到70mg化合物22。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+983,5
化合物23
将化合物10(200mg;0.2mmol)溶解于THF(10ml)中。在该溶液中加入溴代乙酸甲酯(46μl;0.5mmol)和碳酸钾(55mg;0.4mmol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌20小时。真空蒸发除去溶剂,粗产物在硅胶柱上纯化,溶剂体系CH2Cl2∶MeOH∶NH4OH 90∶8∶1。得到148mg化合物23。
MS(ES)m/z:[MH]+1013,5
Claims (50)
1.式I化合物:
其中
M表示亚结构VIII的大环内酯亚单元:
其中
R1、R2、R3和R5各自独立地选自氢、C1-C4烷基、烷酰基、烷氧羰基、芳甲氧羰基、芳酰基、芳烷基、烷基甲硅烷基、烷基甲硅烷基烷氧烷基或者是与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键;
R4选自与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键、氢、C1-C4烷基、烷酰基、烷氧羰基、芳甲氧羰基、芳酰基、芳烷基、烷基甲硅烷基和烷基甲硅烷基烷氧烷基;或者R4是能与R5结合形成环状碳酸酯或氨甲酸酯、或与>NRN结合形成环状氨甲酸酯的基团;
RN表示氢、C1-C4烷基或者与式IX的链L中的X1的共价键;
L表示连接基团;
Z表示非甾体抗炎亚单元或甾体亚单元;
和前述化合物的可药用盐和含有前述化合物的可药用组合物。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中
L表示亚结构IX或XIII的链:
-X1-(CH2)m-Q-(CH2)n-X2- IX
-X1-(CH2)m-V-(CH2)p-Q-(CH2)n-X2- XIII
其中
X1选自:-CH2-、-CH2-NH-、-C(O)-、-OC(O)-、=N-O-、-C(O)NH-或-OC(O)NH-;
X2选自:-NH-、-CH2-、-NHC(O)-、-C(=O)、-OC(O)-、-C(=O)O-、或-C(O)NH-;
Q是-NH-或-CH2-;
其中每个-CH2-或-NH-基团任选被C1-C7-烷基、C2-C7-烯基、C2-C7-炔基、C(O)Rx、C(O)ORx、C(O)NHRx、CH2C(O)ORx取代,其中Rx可以是C1-C7-烷基、芳基或杂芳基;
V是-NH-或-NH-C(O)-;
符号m、n和p独立地是0或整数0-12;
条件是:如果Q=NH;则n不能是0。
3.根据权利要求1或2的化合物,其中Z是亚结构X的甾体:
其中
Ra、Rb各自独立地选自氢、甲基和卤素;
Rf选自氢、羟基、卤素或者与和其相连的碳原子形成羰基(C=O);
Rc是羟基;C1-C4烷基;C1-C4烷氧基;C1-C4烷基羟基;NH-C1-C4烷基;CH2OC(O)C1-C4烷基或XC(O)N(R1R2),其中X是S或O,R1和R2独立地是C1-C6烷基,或者R1和R2一起是C1-C6亚烷基;或者Rc是SCH2或CH2Y,其中Y是卤素;或者Rc是与链L中的X2的共价键,条件是:链L与式VIII的大环内酯亚单元的R4相连;
Rd是与链L中的X2的共价键、氢、羟基、甲基、C1-C4烷氧基或者与Re和与它们相连的碳原子一起形成可以被另外的烷基或烯基单取代或双取代的1,3-二氧戊环;
Re是氢、羟基、甲基、和C1-C4烷氧基;以及
Rj选自氢和氯。
4.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中所述Z是非甾体抗炎(NSAID)亚单元。
5.根据权利要求4的化合物,其中所述NSAID亚单元选自醋氯芬酸、阿西美辛、对乙酰氨基酚、醋氨沙洛、乙酰水杨酸、乙酰水杨酰-2-氨基-4-甲基吡啶酸、5-氨基乙酰水杨酸、阿氯芬酸、氨洛芬、氨芬酸、氨基安替比林、安吡昔康、阿尼利定、苄达酸、苯噁洛芬、柏莫洛芬、α-没药醇、溴芬酸、5-溴水杨酸乙酸酯、溴水杨醇、布氯酸、布替布芬、卡洛芬、塞来考昔、色甘酸盐、桂美辛、环氯茚酸、氯吡酸、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、地他唑、屈噁昔康、苯乙氨茴酸、依托度酸、依托芬那酯、联苯乙酸、芬布芬、芬克洛酸、芬度柳、非诺洛芬、芬替酸、非普地醇、flufenac、氟芬那酸、氟尼辛、氟诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、安胃灵、水杨酸羟乙酯、异丁芬酸、布洛芬、异丁普生、吲哚美辛、吲哚洛芬、三苯唑酸、伊索克酸、伊索昔康、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、氯诺昔康、洛索洛芬、甲氯芬那酸、甲芬那酸、美洛昔康、美沙拉秦、甲嗪酸、莫苯唑酸、孟鲁司特、麦考酚酸、萘丁美酮、萘普生、尼氟酸、尼美舒利、奥沙拉秦、奥沙西罗、奥沙普秦、羟布宗、对乙酰氨基酚、帕沙米特、哌立索唑、苯基-乙酰基-水杨酸酯、保泰松、水杨酸苯酯、吡拉唑酸、吡罗昔康、吡洛芬、普拉洛芬、丙替嗪酸、白藜芦醇、醋水杨胺、水杨酰胺、水杨酰胺-O-乙酸、水杨酰硫酸酯、水杨苷、水杨酰胺、双水杨酯、舒林酸、舒洛芬、琥布宗、他莫昔芬、替诺昔康、茶碱、噻洛芬酸、噻拉米特、噻氯匹定、替诺立定、托芬那酸、托美丁、托匹星、联苯丁酸、希莫洛芬、扎托洛芬、佐美酸、托莫普罗、扎鲁司特和环孢菌素。
6.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中所述NSAID亚单元不是乙酰水杨酸或麦考酚酸。
7.根据权利要求5的化合物,其中所述NSAID亚单元选自氟芬那酸、氟尼辛和塞来考昔。
8.根据权利要求1-7的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基,以及RN表示与链L中的X1的共价键。
9.根据权利要求8的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5独立地选自氢和甲基。
10.根据权利要求1-7的化合物,其中R4表示与链L中的X1的共价键,以及R1、R2、R3、R4和R5各自独立地选自氢和C1-C4烷基。
11.根据权利要求10的化合物,其中R1、R2、R3、R4和R5独立地选自氢和甲基。
12.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中RN表示与链L中的X1的共价键。
13.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是-CH2-且X2 是-C(O)O-。
14.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是-C(O)NH-且X2是-NH-。
15.根据权利要求1的化合物,其中X1是-C(O)NH-且X2是-NHC(O)-。
16.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中X1是-C(O)NH-且X2是-NH-。
17.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中X1是-CH2-且X2是-C(O)O-。
18.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中Rd是与链L中的X2的共价键。
19.根据权利要求3的化合物,其中亚结构X选自:
24.具有下述结构的根据权利要求1的化合物
及其可药用盐和溶剂化物。
34.具有下述结构的根据权利要求1的化合物
及其可药用盐和溶剂化物。
39.具有下述结构的根据权利要求1的化合物
及其可药用盐和溶剂化物。
43.具有下述结构的根据权利要求1的化合物
及其可药用盐和溶剂化物。
44.药物组合物,其中含有根据权利要求1-43的化合物及其可药用盐或溶剂化物以及可药用稀释剂或载体。
45.治疗其特征在于不希望的炎性免疫应答或与之相关的炎性疾病、障碍和病症,以及由过度分泌TNF-α和IL-1引起或与之相关的所有疾病和病症的方法,所述方法包括向对象给药治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-43的化合物。
46.治疗有需要的对象中与白细胞浸润发炎组织有关的炎性病症和免疫性或过敏性障碍的方法,所述方法包括向所述对象给药治疗有效量的权利要求1-43的化合物。
47.根据权利要求45的方法,其中炎性病症和免疫性障碍选自:哮喘、成人型呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性阻塞性肺病、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎、和囊性纤维化病。
48.根据权利要求45的方法,其中所述炎性病症和免疫性障碍选自:肺、关节、眼、肠、皮肤、和心脏炎性病症和免疫性障碍。
49.根据权利要求45的方法,其中所述炎性病症和免疫性障碍选自:哮喘、成人型呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管炎、囊性纤维化病、类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、痛风性关节炎、眼葡萄膜炎、结膜炎、炎性肠病、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、末端直肠炎、牛皮癣、湿疹、皮炎、冠脉梗塞损伤、慢性炎症、内毒素休克、和平滑肌增殖障碍。
50.治疗其特征在于过度异常产生细胞因子或炎性介质或与之相关的炎性疾病、障碍和病症的方法,所述方法包括向对象给药治疗有效量的根据权利要求1-43的化合物。
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CN111170959A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 南开大学 | 一种大环内酯化合物的晶型及其制备方法与用途 |
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CN101708338B (zh) * | 2008-12-26 | 2014-06-04 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 | 含甾体结构的前药及其高度分散制剂 |
CN111601618A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2020-08-28 | 江阴贝瑞森制药有限公司 | 孟鲁司特与肽的新缀合物 |
CN116785447A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2023-09-22 | 艾缇亚(上海)制药有限公司 | 孟鲁司特与肽的新缀合物 |
CN111170959A (zh) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-19 | 南开大学 | 一种大环内酯化合物的晶型及其制备方法与用途 |
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US20090048221A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
ES2337915T3 (es) | 2010-04-30 |
RU2007119577A (ru) | 2008-12-10 |
IL182694A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
EP1805202B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
DE602005018672D1 (de) | 2010-02-11 |
CA2585711A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
ZA200702579B (en) | 2008-08-27 |
EP1805202A2 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
EP2196469A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
WO2006046123A3 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
ATE453658T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
WO2006046123A2 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
BRPI0517024A (pt) | 2008-03-25 |
JP2008517993A (ja) | 2008-05-29 |
NO20072684L (no) | 2007-07-11 |
MX2007005073A (es) | 2007-06-25 |
AU2005298312A1 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
KR20070083811A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
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