CN101077588A - 模板用板材及其制造系统 - Google Patents
模板用板材及其制造系统 Download PDFInfo
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种板材以及制造所述板材的系统,所述板材用聚合材料或者塑性材料制成,其中为了满足部件所需的物理和机械要求,添加了不同比例的其它材料,例如植物或有机物的基础材料,以及关键位置定位的加强纤维。因此,所述聚合板材或者塑性板材易于搬运、没有接收钉子而碎裂的危险、防风和碰撞、防水、允许制成任何颜色、使用若干次并且可完全再循环。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于形成混凝土或者用于其它用途的聚合材料板材以及一种用于通过自动化过程制造所述板材的系统。
背景技术
在用于前述或者用于其它的模板(formworks)的制造中,除了支撑金属加强杆之外,还必须支撑混凝土团块,直到实现混凝土的硬化或者固结,其中使用了支撑二者的元件。
支撑板材已经由各种材料,例如木材、铁乃至泡沫塑料制成,但是所有这些材料具有若干缺陷,例如过重、易腐蚀、适应性非常低下、不断维修、搬运困难、混凝土表面有缺口和纹路等等,这使得所有这些问题一直不适于被解决。
目前一直没有满意地克服和解决整体形成的混凝土中的所有问题的材料。
发明内容
所提出的发明已经设计用于解决上述缺陷,这是基于一个基于使用聚合物的简单却有效的方案,通过将相容的集料(aggregates)添加到聚合物中而适当地改进聚合物的最终特性。
一种适于形成混凝土或者用于其它用途的板材,在制造过程中借助于送入聚合物颗粒或者粉末的挤出机而连续生产。
可以显著变化所选择的聚合物以及所添加的互补产品,所述聚合物和互补产品的作用是提高最终产品的性能。
所述板材可以具有不同的宽度、长度和厚度,可以制成平面或曲面的构造,具有不同的表面光洁度(例如光滑的、带凹坑的)以及具有若干图案,能够在所述表面上和所述团块中具有任何颜色。
这些材料一一聚合物和集料被引入一个机器或者挤出机中,该挤出机设有成形喷嘴或模具,以便形成具有想要的最终构造和外观的模板板材(formwork board)。部件的测量尺寸应该由挤出喷嘴的形状和尺寸以及由自动长度切割系统的操作确定。整个过程是连续的和自动的,这确保了高的和持久的质量水平。
目前用于热塑性材料转化工业中的任何一种聚合物都可以用作所述聚合物。
高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、任何形式的聚酰氨、PVC、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、ABS、PAN或者类似物可以用作聚合物。所有这些材料可以被制备成颗粒或者粉末形式,因此能够被导入或者注入挤出机中。
木材、米糠、剑麻、大麻、龙舌兰、仙人掌、竹子连同其它产品可以用作集料材料。所有这些集料经过严格的预先清洗过程、研磨过程直到想要的粒度、消除它们所含水分的过程、使用使它们与聚合物相容的待添加的相容添加剂的化学处理、以及真空包装直到在挤出机中使用它们。因此,最初的聚合物将由于集料的添加而增加了其最终的特性,所述集料可以以不同的百分比结合,所述百分比为重量的10-80分之一(part),该百分比不是被限定的,而是根据聚合物的类型和集料的类型。
此外,根据应力,所述板材承受混凝土加上相应的铁垫加强物的重量,可以在所述聚合物板材的非常精确的位置引入加强纤维,例如玻璃纤维、碳纤维或芳族聚酰胺纤维连同其它纤维。
这些适于通过相容添加物和特定处理而被适当地制备的加强纤维将被引入挤出喷嘴或模具中,这样它们被结合到熔融的聚合物+集料的团块,形成一个整体的或者单个的聚集体,所述加强纤维提供了它们的已知的拉伸强度和刚性特性。
因此,由聚合物+集料+加强纤维形成的这种材料在市场上的模板板材中具有突出的和独特的特征,特别强调以下特征:良好的长度、轻便、强耐受性、可以具有不同表面加工纹路、不同颜色、可接收钉子、抗腐蚀的并且由于其可被完全循环利用而有利环境。
附图说明
下面简要说明一组附图,这些附图帮助更好地理解本发明并且清楚地示出本发明的一个实施例,该实施例作为本发明的一个非限定实例。
图1示出模板板材的示意图。
图2示出用于制造模板的系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
聚合模板板材的制造需要组合几种不同的材料。
每种原材料都具有自己的处理方法,并且在大多数情况下它们是回收或者再利用产品,因此本发明有助于很大程度地保持环境和利用原材料。
常规的是清洗、分离、研磨、脱水和储存步骤直到它们被运输到挤出生产线。
所述挤出生产线将设有输送、挤出、模制、冷却、牵引和切割。聚合物P以及有机集料A将在生产线上非常精确的位置被输送,其中所述有机集料A已经经过适时的化学处理以便与所述聚合物结合,并且将主要由合适的粗纱和为此目的的连续线形成的加强纤维1直接添加到模具中。
在模具的出口处并且在冷却之后,三种基础材料,即聚合物P+集料A+加强纤维R完全变硬并且正确地定位成具有面板或者板材的最终形状。
挤出单元操作,并且板材在冷却之后被最终切割成想要的长度。
因此,本发明的第一方面涉及一种用于模板的板材,其特征在于所述板材通过挤出制造,所述板材包括:聚合物P;有机集料A,该有机集料占板材总重量的比例在50-90%之间;从而获得由聚合物P+有机集料A的混合物形成的混合产品(hybrid product),该混合产品具有比聚合物P高的刚性。
最为常见的聚合物P/有机集料A重量之比为50/50、40/60、30/70、20/80和10/90,尽管中间比例在逻辑上也是有效的。
所述板材可以进一步包括多个纵向加强物1,以便增加板材的机械性能。这些加强物1可以延伸穿过板材的整个长度。
所述加强物1还可以均匀分布在板材的整个宽度上。
另一方面,所述板材可以具有一定厚度t,并且加强物1可以位于距离板材表面距离为d的层或高度,其中d≤1/3t。加强物可以布置在靠近板材表面的层或高度,因为板材处于弯应力下时,最大拉应力或压应力发生在这些靠近所述侧的区域中。所述板材可以进一步具有靠近一个表面或者靠近两个表面的多于一个高度的加强物。
所述板材的加强物1可以选自以下材料:玻璃纤维粗纱、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维以及它们的组合,即单个板材可以包含不同类型的加强物。
另外,所述板材可以进一步包括多个纵向减重孔2。这些孔2可以延伸穿过板材的整个长度。这些孔2还可以均匀分布在板材的整个宽度上。
这些孔2可以位于选自板材的中间层或高度以及中线层或高度的一个层中。中线层或高度可以被理解为板材的中线位于其中的层或高度,即板材处于弯应力下时没有拉应力和压应力的位置。
在本发明的范围内,聚合物P可以是一种有机聚合物,该有机聚合物选自:高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、PVC、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、ABS、PAN和它们的组合;有机集料A可以是一种天然集料,该天然集料选自:木材、米糠、剑麻、大麻、龙舌兰、仙人掌、竹子和它们的组合。
在本发明的一个构造中,聚合物P是聚丙烯,集料A是木材。
本发明的板材可以具有的形状选自:平面、曲面和它们的组合。
本发明的第二方面涉及一种用于通过借助于挤出生产线的挤出而制造如上面描述板材的系统。所述系统包括:
挤出机100,该挤出机具有:
第一输送装置110,以便输送聚合物P和集料A;
出口,该出口设有成形喷嘴130,以便形成连续板材,该连续板材的横截面S由成形喷嘴130的形状确定;
第一移除装置210,该移除装置用于沿着垂直于板材的横截面S的方向D移除连续板材;
切割装置300,该切割装置用于将连续板材切割成选定的长度L,从而获得板材单元;
第二移除装置220,该第二移除装置用于移除所述板材单元。
所述系统可以进一步包括冷却装置30,该冷却装置位于挤出机100和第一移除装置210之间,以便冷却板材。
挤出机100可以进一步包括第二输送装置120,以便供应来自卷轴160的纤维形式的加强物1。
另外,本发明的系统可以进一步包括调节装置140,该调节装置位于挤出机100和卷轴160之间,以便加热和浸渍纤维形式的加强物1。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于模板的板材,其特征在于,所述板材通过挤出制造,所述板材包括:
聚合物(P);
集料(A),该集料占板材总重量的比例在50-90%之间;
以便获得由所述聚合物(P)和集料(A)的混合物形成的混合产品,该混合产品的刚性比聚合物(P)的刚性大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板材,其特征在于,它进一步包括多个纵向加强物(1),以增加所述板材的机械性能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的板材,其特征在于,所述加强物(1)延伸穿过所述板材的整个长度。
4.根据权利要求2-3中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述加强物(1)均匀地分布在所述板材的整个宽度上。
5.根据权利要求2-4中任一项所述的板材,其具有厚度t,其特征在于,所述加强物(1)位于位于距离所述板材表面距离为d的层,其中d≤1/3e。
6.根据权利要求2-5中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述加强物(1)选自:玻璃纤维粗纱、碳纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维以及它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述板材进一步包括多个纵向减重孔(2)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的板材,其特征在于,所述孔(2)延伸穿过所述板材的整个长度。
9.根据权利要求7-8中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述孔(2)均匀地分布在所述板材的整个宽度上。
10.根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述孔(2)位于选自板材中间层和中线层的一个层中。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,
聚合物(P)是一种有机聚合物,该有机聚合物选自:高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、PVC、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、ABS、PAN和它们的组合;
集料(A)是一种天然集料,该天然集料选自:木材、米糠、剑麻、大麻、龙舌兰、仙人掌、竹子和它们的组合。
12.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述聚合物(P)是聚丙烯,所述集料(A)是木材。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的板材,其特征在于,所述板材的形状选自:平面、曲面和它们的组合。
14.一种用于借助于挤出生产线通过挤出而制造根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的板材的系统,其特征在于,所述系统包括:
挤出机(100),该挤出机具有:
第一输送装置(110),以便输送聚合物(P)和集料(A);
出口,该出口设有成形喷嘴(130),以便形成连续板材,该连续板材的横截面S由成形喷嘴(130)的形状确定;
第一移除装置(210),该移除装置用于沿着垂直于板材的横截面(S)的方向(D)移除连续板材;
切割装置(300),该切割装置用于将连续板材切割成选定的长度(L),从而获得板材单元;
第二移除装置(220),该第二移除装置用于移除所述板材单元。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统进一步包括冷却装置(30),该冷却装置位于挤出机(100)和第一移除装置(210)之间,以便冷却板材。
16.根据权利要求14-15中任一项所述的系统,其特征在于,所述挤出机(100)进一步包括第二输送装置(120),以便供应来自卷轴(160)的纤维形式的加强物(1)。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统进一步包括调节装置(140),该调节装置位于挤出机(100)和卷轴(160)之间,以便加热和浸渍纤维形式的加强物(1)。
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CN103341897A (zh) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-09 | 泗阳蓝阳托盘设备科技有限公司 | 内设纵筋的植物纤维挤出制品及挤出机和生产方法 |
CN103331800B (zh) * | 2013-06-18 | 2015-11-25 | 泗阳蓝阳托盘设备科技有限公司 | 内设竖筋的植物纤维挤出制品及挤出机和生产方法 |
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