CN101075763B - 飞机发动机的附件箱 - Google Patents

飞机发动机的附件箱 Download PDF

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CN101075763B
CN101075763B CN2007101052234A CN200710105223A CN101075763B CN 101075763 B CN101075763 B CN 101075763B CN 2007101052234 A CN2007101052234 A CN 2007101052234A CN 200710105223 A CN200710105223 A CN 200710105223A CN 101075763 B CN101075763 B CN 101075763B
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阿布雷蒙·温森特
利内·于格
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Safran Transmission Systems SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00—Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
    • F16C35/077—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between housing and outer race ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
    • H02K5/1735—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at only one end of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/085—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at only one end of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/223—Heat bridges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F05D2230/642—Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/12—Light metals
    • F05D2300/121—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/13—Refractory metals, i.e. Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W
    • F05D2300/133—Titanium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/502—Thermal properties
    • F05D2300/5024—Heat conductivity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

一种承载具有在由具有较低热膨胀系数材料制成的支撑部件承载的轴承中引导而旋转的转子的交流发电机等发电机的飞机发动机附件箱，其本身由用作发电机定子的本体与附件箱外壳之间热桥的环形部件来承载。

Description

飞机发动机的附件箱 
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用在涡轮喷气发动机或涡轮螺旋桨发动机等飞机发动机中的附件箱，该附件箱带有金属外壳，其一端设有发电机，特别是带有定子绕组和永磁体转子以便向发动机的某些设备供电的交流发电机。 
背景技术
发电机的转子由用来关闭发电机定子并用来将其固定在附件箱外壳上的环形盖所支承的，通常为滚子或滚珠轴承等轴承引导旋转。 
发电机的特征在于具有较高的转速和较低的载荷，因而产生反过来对轴承产生损坏的动态现象。 
为避免或至少减小这个缺陷，使用由具有较低热膨胀系数的钛制成的盖，因此限制了轴承的外环与盖上安装该环的部分之间的热膨胀差。 
这样可避免在轴承中产生明显的间隙，而这种间隙会增加转子的不平衡，并导致轴承易损和劣化。 
在操作中，发电机会产生大量热量，消散在定子绕组中，而这些热量必须通过传导到例如由钛制成因而形成热的良导体的箱外壳中而消散掉。 
然而，由于钛的导热性较差(它的热传导系数大约为铝热传导系数的1/20)，所以发电机的定子盖阻碍了散热。这样就会产生热积聚，并且显著升高发电机的温度，因而会使发电机中的油产生焦炭并且使定子产生过热从而存在损坏其机械性能的危险。 
发明内容
本发明的一个特殊目的在于避免上述缺陷。 
为此，本发明提供一种飞机发动机附件箱，包括由热的良导体材料制成的外壳，具有安装其上的发电机定子，具有由具有相对较小热膨胀系数的材料制成的支撑部件承载的轴承中引导的转子，其中所述轴承的所述支撑部件由所述发电机的定子盖承载，所述盖压在所述附件箱的所述外壳上并由具有比所述支撑部件热传导率大得 多的材料制成，以便在所述发电机的所述定子与所述箱外壳之间形成热桥。 
本发明因而可以保存现有技术中所使用装置的优点，同时避免它们的缺点。使用具有较小热膨胀系数材料制成轴承支撑部件，可用来避免所述轴承与所述支撑部件之间的膨胀差，因而减小所述轴承的不平衡以及损坏。将所述支撑部件安装在由热的良导体材料制成并压靠在所述箱外壳上的环形部件上，可以使消散在所述发电机定子中的热量被传导散开。 
根据本发明的另一特征，所述轴承支撑部件固定在所述环形部件的孔中，并且位于所述箱外壳上相对应孔的中心。 
优选地，将所述轴承支撑部件固定在所述环形部件的孔中形成干涉配合。 
在本发明的一个实施方式中，所述轴承支撑部件外周带有圆柱形裙部，与所述环形部件和所述箱外壳的孔啮合，并带有用来安装所述轴承外环的装置的内周边。 
优选地，外环形边形成在所述支撑部件上并夹在所述环形部件与所述箱外壳之间，以固定所述支撑部件。 
在本发明的一个特殊实施方式中，所述支撑部件由钛制成，而所述发电机的所述环形部件和所述附件箱外壳由铝制成。 
本发明还提供了用于如上所述的飞机发动机附件箱的轴承支撑部件，其中所述支撑部件由具有相对较小热膨胀系数的材料制成，并包括用来安装到所述环形部件和附件箱外壳的孔中的柱状裙部。 
本发明还提供了用于如上所述的飞机发动机附件箱的环形部件，所述环形部件由热的良导体且为环形形状的材料制成，其内周构成使轴承支撑部件居中的表面，其外部构成压靠并固定到所述附件箱外壳上的装置。 
本发明还包括一种安装有如上所述附件箱的飞机发动机。 
附图说明
通过阅读下面举例并参考附图的描述，本发明将会更加易于理解，本发明的其它细节、特征和优点将会更加明显，其中： 
图1是安装在现有技术的附件箱上的发电机沿轴向的局部示意图；和 
图2是图1的对应图，示出了安装在本发明附件箱上的发电机。 
具体实施方式
在图1中，附图标记10表示例如用于涡轮喷气发动机的飞机发动机附件箱的铝质外壳，所述箱包括转轴12，其延伸到外壳10的外侧并承载例如为计算机等某些组件供电的交流发电机16等发电机的定子14。 
交流发电机16包括定子绕组18，其由例如铝等热的良导体材料制成的本体20支承，安装有永磁体22的转子14在本体20中转动。 
转轴12由用来关闭交流发电机定子的本体20并具有与附件箱的外壳10的对应孔相啮合的柱状裙部28的环形盖26的中心孔中的滚子或球形轴承24等轴承引导旋转。 
盖26由钛制成，选择钛是因为其质量较轻并且具有较低的热膨胀系数。由于盖具有此特征，所以盖26与安装在盖中心孔中的轴承外环30之间的热膨胀差很小或几乎为零，以使轴承24能够在操作中很好地保持居中，并在盖26的中心孔中被引导。 
然而，钛的热传导系数比铝的热传导系数小得多，因此盖26不会将在操作中交流发电机的定子18所产生的热量传递到附件箱的外壳10中。 
这样会使定子中所包含的油产生焦炭，并且会产生过热，如上所述。 
本发明可通过使用包含两个部件的组件代替交流发电机定子盖26，以简单有效的方式来避免这个缺陷，该组件包括用来支撑轴承24的部件40，和承载支撑部件40并用来关闭定子本体并作为为附件箱的外壳10提供热连接的环形部件42。 
如图2可知，使用相同的附图标记表示图1中已知的元件，轴承24的外环30支承在支撑部件40的中心孔中并包括外环形轴环44，通过衬套46压在支撑部件40上并由螺栓48固定到所述支撑部件上。 
支撑部件40的外周上带有柱状裙部50，借此支撑部件40位于附件箱外壳10的中心孔中心并以环形部件42的中心孔干涉配合而固定。 
部件42带有压在附件箱外壳10环形部分上的底面，其背面压在交流发电机16定子的本体20的端部上，利用螺栓以与图1中盖26固定在本体20上的相同方式将部件42固定在所述本体上。 
密封环安装在支撑部件40的裙部50与外壳10上安装该裙部的孔的边缘之间，并且位于所述裙部与环形部件42的孔的边缘之间。而且，裙部50具有夹紧在附件箱外壳10与环形部件42之间的外环形轴套52。
支撑部件40由钛等具有较低热膨胀系数材料制成，以使所述部件与轴承的外环30之间的热膨胀差尽可能最小。 
环形部件42由铝等具有比支撑部件40的热传导率大得多的热传导率，且为热的良导体的材料制成，为交流发电机定子的本体20与附件箱的外壳10之间提供热桥，它们都由铝制成。 
因而，在交流发电机操作过程中从定子中释放的热能，通过附件箱的外壳10的环形部件42消散，而不会积聚在定子中。 
自然地，轴承支撑部件40可以由钛之外其它具有较低热膨胀系数的材料制成，环形部件42可以由除了铝之外的其它热的良导体制成，优先地使用质量较轻的材料制成。

Claims (9)

1.一种飞机发动机附件箱，包括由热的良导体材料制成的外壳，具有安装其上的发电机定子，具有由具有相对较小热膨胀系数的材料制成的支撑部件承载的轴承中引导的转子，其中所述轴承的所述支撑部件由环形部件承载，所述轴承支撑部件固定在所述环形部件的孔中，并且位于所述箱外壳上相对应孔的中心，所述环形部件压在所述附件箱的外壳上并由具有比所述支撑部件热传导率大得多的热的良导体材料制成，以便在所述发电机的所述定子与所述箱外壳之间形成热桥。
2.如权利要求1所述的箱，其中所述轴承支撑部件是外周带有圆柱形裙部，与所述环形部件和所述箱外壳的孔啮合，并带有用来安装所述轴承外环的装置的内周边。
3.如权利要求1所述的箱，其中所述支撑部件包括夹在所述环形部件与所述箱外壳之间的外环形边。
4.如权利要求1所述的箱，其中所述轴承的外环由螺栓固定在所述支撑部件上。
5.如权利要求1所述的箱，其中所述轴承支撑部件由钛制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的箱，其中所述环形部件和所述箱外壳由铝制成。
7.如权利要求1所述的用于飞机发动机附件箱的轴承支撑部件，所述支撑部件由具有相对较小热膨胀系数的材料制成，并包括用来安装到所述发电机的环形部件的孔和附件箱外壳的孔中的柱状裙部。
8.如权利要求1所述的用于飞机发动机附件箱的环形部件，所述环形部件由热的良导体且为环形形状的材料制成，其内周构成使轴承支撑部件居中的表面，其外部构成靠在并固定到所述附件箱外壳上的装置。
9.一种安装有如权利要求1所述的附件箱的飞机发动机。
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EP1857657A1 (fr) 2007-11-21
US20070278874A1 (en) 2007-12-06
JP2007309327A (ja) 2007-11-29
CN101075763A (zh) 2007-11-21
KR20070112044A (ko) 2007-11-22
ES2395400T3 (es) 2013-02-12
ZA200704056B (en) 2009-07-29
UA92331C2 (ru) 2010-10-25
RU2007118295A (ru) 2008-11-27
FR2901315B1 (fr) 2010-09-10
JP5071777B2 (ja) 2012-11-14
CA2588956A1 (fr) 2007-11-19
EP1857657B1 (fr) 2012-09-19
BRPI0702298A (pt) 2008-02-19
KR101335108B1 (ko) 2013-12-03
FR2901315A1 (fr) 2007-11-23
SG137781A1 (en) 2007-12-28
IL183298A (en) 2011-06-30
PL1857657T3 (pl) 2013-03-29
CA2588956C (fr) 2014-12-30
RU2423292C2 (ru) 2011-07-10
BRPI0702298B1 (pt) 2019-04-02
IL183298A0 (en) 2007-10-31
US7960879B2 (en) 2011-06-14

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