Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of processing method and equipment of sugar-cane seed-seedling warm-water detoxicating, adopt the warm water of uniform temperature to carry out detoxification treatment, controlled or remove ratoon stunting disease germ more than 99%.
Purpose of the present invention reaches by the following technical programs: a kind of processing method of sugar-cane seed-seedling warm-water detoxicating is characterized in that step is as follows: cane seedling is immersed in the treatment facility of 51~52 ℃ of water temperatures 2 for a short time, keep treatment temperature at 50 ℃
-0.2 + 0.2Shi Jinhang handles, and makes it remove ratoon stunting disease pathogen.
During described cane seedling detoxification, the acid-base value of water body is at PH7 in the treatment facility, and water body was changed once in 3~4 days.
Described cane seedling is cut into and has 2~3 bud sections and put into treatment facility again and carry out hot-water detoxified processing.
Described sugar-cane seed-seedling warm-water is handled the preceding instrument that is useful on the contact sugarcane at alcohol that thoroughly cleans back sprinkling 70% and 1% quaternary amine thimerosal, during with the quaternary amine thimerosal, must contact at least 5 minutes with instrument.
A kind of treatment facility that is used for sugar-cane seed-seedling warm-water detoxicating, comprise interior pond, outer pond, by water pump, water inlet pipe, the water body circulatory system that return pipe and valve are formed, electric heating tube, thermometric thermal resistance and voltmeter is housed, ammeter, the temperature patrol inspection instrument, control button, temp autocontrolled and the temperature detection cabinet of temperature control instrument, it is characterized in that: interior pond is welded into an integral body in the pond outside, interlayer between Nei Chi and the outer pond is divided into epicoele, lumen, three cavitys of cavity of resorption, last, in, following three cavity positions are respectively arranged with the thermometric thermal resistance, the thermometric thermal resistance links by signal cable line and the temperature control instrument of implementing temperature monitoring, the below that is positioned at the pond base plate in the lower chamber is set with electric heating tube and the water inlet pipe that is connected in exit of pump respectively, the current that water inlet pipe enters rise after electric heater for heating, enter Nei Chi from the interior pond base plate and the sidewall paneling that are evenly equipped with the inlet opening, the warm water that Nei Chi overflows at the top flows back to water pump for circulation from return pipe.
Described have the temp autocontrolled of temp autocontrolled and temperature detecting function and temperature detection cabinet and in time each layer water temperature patrolled and examined control and guarantee that water temperature is at 50 ℃
-0.2~50 ℃
+ 0.2Between.
The pond is welded into an integral body by support, connecting plate and Wai Chi in described, on the shell in outer pond heat-insulation layer is arranged.
Described electric heating tube is distributed between interior base plate bottom, pond and the water inlet pipe top.
For cold spot, focus and thermograde do not appear in the water body in pond in guaranteeing, it is 6: 1 with the weight ratio of handling material that the selection of interior pool size should be satisfied water body, and the water circulating pump power of selecting for use will be enough to make that whole water body per hour circulates 6 times at least in the pond.
Described return pipe is arranged on the chuck of Nei Chi top, and warm water overflows the inflow chuck by Chi Ding, flows back to water circulating pump through return pipe again, is provided with the screen cloth that intercepts sugarcane stem and Ye Pi in the porch of return pipe.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described by the following examples.
1. the hot-water detoxified treatment facility of sugarcane
The hot-water detoxified treatment facility of sugarcane becomes with temp autocontrolled and temperature detection group by handling casing.The treatment box body profile is of a size of 2500 (length) * 2300 (wide) * 2600 (height), unit: mm; Effectively water body capacity 13000kg, effectively handle cane seedling 2000kg, total heating power 120kw is provided by 15 electric heating tubes.The water body circulation is that 5.5kw, flow are 86.6m by a power
3The water pump of/h provides, theoretical water body cycle-index 6.7/h.Temp autocontrolled and temperature detection cabinet guarantees that water temperature is at 50 ℃
-0.2-50 ℃
+ 0.2Between in time each layer water temperature patrolled and examined control.
Handle box inner structure and is made up of Nei Chi, outer pond, interior pond is welded into an integral body by interior pond support and connecting plate and Wai Chi, and outer pond has heat-insulation layer on shell body.Interlayer between Nei Chi and the outer pond is divided into epicoele, lumen, three cavitys of cavity of resorption.In water inlet pipe branch multichannel is arranged at the pond base plate below, the interior pond base plate of uniform inlet opening is divided into heating bath and treatment pond with Wai Chi and Nei Chi.
The circulation of treatment pond current: current enter heating bath by water inlet pipe, evenly absorb the electric heating tube heat during rising, under certain pressure, spurt into treatment pond through the inlet opening.
Return pipe is arranged on the chuck of top, pond, and the warm water of treatment pond overflows the inflow chuck by Chi Ding, flows back to water circulating pump through return pipe again.Suitable order number sieve net is set to intercept sugarcane stem and Ye Pi in backflow place.
2. the selection of detoxification cane seedling:
Handle the germination rate of cane seedling for improving warm water, should carefully select the ripe sugarcane stem middle part stem section of robust growth.
3. the outward appearance of cane seedling before warm water is handled:
Cane seedling is cut into has 2-3 bud section, remove the sugarcane leaf to avoid blocking water circulation system, the cane seedling that will cut is stacked in the cage of handling usefulness then.
3. the warm water of cane seedling is handled
It is to carry out 2 hours when 50 ℃ of temperature that the warm water of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease is handled, and timing is put into treatment pond from sugarcane.Surpass the reduction that meaned germination rate in 2 hours if handle, keep treatment temperature at 50 ℃
-0.2 + 0.2The time to control virus and germination rate all be necessary.
Adopt electric heating tube that water body is heated, the selection quantity of electric heating tube should be many as far as possible and power is approaching, are distributed between the bottom of water inlet pipe top and interior pond base plate.Requirement can provide enough heats to guarantee temperature required 50 ℃ and remedy the heat radiation loss of environment towards periphery of entire process equipment of water body.Handled the seedling that infects 50 ℃ the time 2 hours with warm water, this germ of controlled more than 99%.
Water body temp autocontrolled: for assurance equipment can effectively be worked, temp autocontrolled is necessary.Thermometric thermal resistance temp autocontrolled and that the temperature detection cabinet connects by the signal cable line is arranged at three cavitys in upper, middle and lower between Nei Chi and the outer pond, guarantees that water temperature is at 50 ℃ in the treatment pond
-0.2-50 ℃
+ 0.2Between, if water temperature is above 50 ℃
+ 0.2To make the sugarcane portion of tissue impaired, the seedling germination rate reduces.If water temperature is lower than 50 ℃
-0.2Effective kill virus.
At first the treatment pond water temperature is heated to 51-52 ℃, puts into the cage that cane seedling is housed, make its complete submergence.When the cage that cane seedling is housed was put into treatment pond, temperature dropped to 50 ℃ in the pond.The interior temperature of the temp autocontrolled and real-time monitoring pool of temperature detection cabinet also feeds back signal to electric heating tube to guarantee Chi Wen 50 ℃ ± 0.2, the temperature difference of each layer of upper, middle and lower portion in the temperature patrol inspection instrument monitoring pool.Adopt the temperature patrol inspection instrument that temperature monitoring is implemented in treatment pond water body upper, middle and lower portion position and guarantee that water body has enough systemic circulations so that cold spot, focus do not appear in the whole water body of treatment pond, reach thermograde.The temperature patrol inspection instrument must be proofreaded to guarantee the correctness of measured temperature.
The requirement of water quality: the sugarcane detoxication water body is should water quality good, and saliferous is not high, and acid-base value is about PH7.Water body must be changed after handling cane seedling at least in 3-4 days, otherwise there are a large amount of earth and vegetable material to pile up, if water body is irregularly changed, the sugar that oozes out in cane seedling will ferment water body to the germination rate generation injurious effects of the cane seedling after handling.
4. the subsequent treatment of cane seedling
After cane seedling hung out from treatment pond, the last water spray of Ying Xiangqi was chilled to environmental temperature as early as possible, went out that the bud idioplasm of cane seedling is soft behind the pond should avoid touching until cooling as far as possible.Can plant immediately after the cane seedling cooling, also can put and wait plumule sclerosis back plantation in 1~2 day.
But the cane seedling dipping after the processing, sprinkling fungicide rot to avoid plumule, rot because the cane seedling after handling is easy to plumule.
5. warm water is handled the management of cane seedling
The instrument that is useful on the contact sugarcane before sugar-cane seed-seedling warm-water is handled must pass through sterilization, at alcohol that thoroughly cleans back sprinkling 70% and 1% quaternary amine thimerosal.During with the quaternary amine thimerosal, must contact 5 minutes with instrument to reach the control effect.
6. hot-water detoxified equipment is handled example to cane seedling
1). process of the test:
A. test site: academy of agricultural sciences, Yunnan Province sugarcane research institute experimental farm
B. test the kind collection: 93/159,3 year perennial root of Guangdong sugar; ROC25 number, 3 years perennial roots; Fujian sugar 69/421,
2 years perennial roots; ROC10 number, five main breeds such as No. 17, the osmanthus sugar of 2 years perennial roots and 2 years perennial roots detect through the pathogenic Electronic Speculum and all have the ratoon stunting disease germ, see Table 1.
C. experimental scheme: directly contrast systematic arrangement design, three repetitions are adopted in experiment.Each kind all stay half with carry out hot-water detoxified processing second half compare, seedling is 3 bud sections, plants bud amount 10000 buds for every mu.
2). test method:
Handle through warm water with undressed each half, sequence seedling followingly, put after one day and plant, every mu of general calcium of the 50kg that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, the epiphragma of pouring water after 3 days, standardization is planted, Routine Management.
3). result of the test parameter and analysis see Table 2, table 3.
A. after 2 hours, Electronic Speculum and serum testing result are through 50 ℃ of hot-water detoxified processing for five kinds of carrying disease germs: Guangdong sugar 93-159, ROC10, ROC25, osmanthus sugar 17 have not carried disease germs, and Fujian sugar 69-421 content of molds obviously reduces.
B. emergence rate: five are carried disease germs tested variety after detoxification treatment, and the Guangdong average emergence rate of sugar 93-159 is 72.55% to increase 26.90% than CK.The average emergence rate of ROC10 is 61.76% to increase 22.00% than CK.The average emergence rate of Fujian sugar 69-421 is 62.53% to increase 14.21% than CK.ROC25 and osmanthus sugar 17 average emergence rates are slightly higher than CK; Partly cause is that these two kinds respectively have a sub-district planting site indentation accumulated water.
C. tillering capacity: tested variety is after detoxification treatment, and osmanthus sugar 17 and ROC25 tillering capacity are than CK high 16.10% and 15.00%, and other three kinds are lower than CK.
D. stem directly: tested variety is after detoxification treatment, statistical parameter is before the results: sugar 17 average stem footpaths in osmanthus increase thick 0.35cm than CK, the average stem of ROC25 footpath increases thick 0.29cm than CK, the average stem of sugar 93-159 footpath, Guangdong increases thick 0.18cm than CK, the average stem of ROC10 footpath increases thick 0.19cm than CK, and the average stem of sugar 69-421 footpath, Fujian increases thick 0.24cm than CK.
E. plant height: tested variety is after detoxification treatment, statistical parameter is before the results: the Guangdong average plant height of sugar 93-159 is than the high 34.3cm of CK, osmanthus sugar 17 average plant heights are than the high 16.6cm of CK, the average plant height of ROC10 is than the high 26cm of CK, the Fujian average plant height of sugar 69-421 is than the high 11.4cm of CK, and the average plant height of ROC25 is than the high 7.1cm of CK.
F. cane yield: tested variety is gathered in the crops actual production after detoxification treatment: osmanthus sugar 17 per mu yield 7227kg increase 1720kg than CK, amplification 31.17%.Guangdong sugar 93-159 per mu yield 6960kg increases 3322kg than CK, amplification 91.31%.ROC25 per mu yield 6722kg increases 952kg than CK, amplification 16.51%.ROC10 per mu yield 5457kg increases 861kg than CK, amplification 18.74%.Fujian sugar 69-421 per mu yield 5918kg increases 334kg than CK, amplification 5.97%.
G. cane suger part: before the results after sugar part detects the hot-water detoxified processing of each kind sucrose part all than the high 0.07-0.86% of CK.
4). conclusion
1. cane seedling can effectively be removed ratoon stunting disease pathogen through after the hot-water detoxified processing, and clearance is more than 90%.
2. cane seedling all is significantly increased than CK in parameters such as plant height, stem footpaths through after the hot-water detoxified processing, and plant height average specific CK increases 7.1-34.3cm, and stem footpath average specific CK increases 0.18-0.35cm.
3. cane seedling is through after the hot-water detoxified processing, and output amplification is apparent, and per mu yield increases 5.97-91.31% than CK.
4. cane seedling is through after the hot-water detoxified processing, and the removal parameter of ratoon stunting disease and sugarcane per mu yield amplification parameter match.
Subordinate list 1
Numbering |
Plant name |
The RSD testing result |
Electronic Speculum (EM) |
Serum (I-ELISA) |
S
6 |
Guangdong sugar 93-159 handles |
- |
- |
S
6CK
|
Guangdong sugar 93-159CK |
+
+ |
++ |
F
1 |
Fujian sugar 69-421 handles |
+
- |
+ |
F
1CK
|
Fujian sugar 69-421CK |
+
+ |
+
+ |
F
2 |
ROC10 handles |
- |
- |
F
2CK
|
ROC10CK |
+ |
+ |
M
2 |
ROC25 handles |
- |
- |
M
2CK
|
ROC25CK |
+
- |
+ |
M
3 |
Osmanthus sugar 17 is handled |
- |
- |
M
3CK
|
Osmanthus sugar 17CK |
+
+ |
++ |
Subordinate list 2
Kind |
Handle |
Repeat |
The investigation in early stage |
The results investigation |
Emergence rate (%) |
Tillering capacity (%) |
The basic seedling (strain) of mu |
Plant height (cm) |
Stem footpath (cm) |
Mu productive tiller (bar) |
Real produce (Kg) of mu |
Average yield per mu (Kg) |
Comparison is according to increasing (Kg) |
Amplification (%) |
Average sugar (%) |
Comparison is according to increasing (%) |
ROC10 |
Contrast |
I |
27.65 |
78.01 |
5020 |
190 |
2.80 |
4020 |
4952 |
4596 |
861 |
18.74 |
15.22 |
0.86 |
II |
47.84 |
6.97 |
5220 |
204 |
2.67 |
3780 |
4710 |
III |
44.61 |
36.26 |
6200 |
173 |
2.53 |
4550 |
4125 |
Handle |
I |
57.84 |
34.92 |
7960 |
197 |
2.83 |
5480 |
6230 |
5457 |
16.08 |
II |
62.75 |
14.38 |
7320 |
209 |
2.81 |
3720 |
4150 |
III |
64.71 |
12.42 |
7420 |
185 |
2.94 |
3920 |
5990 |
Guangdong sugar 93-159 |
Contrast |
I |
42.94 |
56.62 |
6860 |
152 |
2.46 |
4320 |
4480 |
3638 |
3322 |
91.31 |
16.53 |
0.6 |
II |
53.68 |
8.68 |
5950 |
197 |
2.66 |
4250 |
3607 |
III |
39.54 |
43.80 |
5800 |
160 |
2.60 |
4100 |
2826 |
Handle |
I |
74.31 |
46.70 |
11120 |
230 |
2.63 |
4420 |
7530 |
6960 |
17.13 |
II |
81.37 |
17.35 |
9740 |
212 |
2.82 |
4620 |
5750 |
III |
79.08 |
37.19 |
11067 |
161 |
2.82 |
8266 |
7600 |
ROC25 |
Contrast |
I |
68.82 |
28.77 |
9040 |
276 |
2.42 |
5760 |
6646 |
5770 |
952 |
16.51 |
15.62 |
0.07 |
II |
49.51 |
27.72 |
6450 |
260 |
2.57 |
5500 |
6012 |
III |
59.48 |
34.07 |
8133.3 |
210 |
2.34 |
5500 |
4650 |
Handle |
I |
82.16 |
23.39 |
10340 |
270 |
2.35 |
4960 |
8032 |
6722 |
15.69 |
II |
61.18 |
28.81 |
8100 |
251 |
3.04 |
5220 |
5370 |
III |
38.89 |
85.71 |
7366.7 |
230 |
2.79 |
4700 |
6763 |
Fujian sugar 69-421 |
Contrast place |
I |
62.16 |
20.19 |
7620 |
264 |
2.44 |
5000 |
6430 |
5584 |
333 |
5.97 |
16.89 |
0.68 |
II |
42.94 |
79.91 |
7880 |
211 |
2.86 |
4920 |
5290 |
III |
39.87 |
46.72 |
5966.7 |
214 |
2.51 |
4666 |
5033 |
Reason |
I |
70.20 |
30.17 |
9320 |
265 |
2.98 |
5000 |
6790 |
5918 |
17.57 |
II |
58.58 |
26.78 |
7575 |
248 |
2.87 |
5025 |
5300 |
III |
58.82 |
50.56 |
9033.3 |
200 |
2.68 |
5100 |
5663 |
No. 17, osmanthus sugar |
Contrast |
I |
54.51 |
22.66 |
6820 |
263 |
2.46 |
5640 |
6506 |
5508 |
1717 |
31.17 |
15.31 |
0.35 |
II |
53.43 |
18.35 |
6450 |
270 |
2.35 |
6450 |
5085 |
III |
39.54 |
50.41 |
6066.7 |
205 |
2.54 |
5333 |
4933 |
Handle |
I |
52.21 |
53.05 |
8150 |
274 |
2.86 |
6575 |
3595 |
7225 |
15.66 |
II |
56.13 |
32.75 |
7600 |
267 |
2.70 |
6800 |
9362 |
III |
58.82 |
50.56 |
9033.3 |
262 |
2.85 |
6833 |
8716 |
Table 3
Kind |
Project |
Plant height (CM) |
Stem footpath (CM) |
Productive tiller (bar) |
Real produce (kilogram) of mu |
Remarks |
Osmanthus sugar |
17 |
Handle |
252.3 |
2.80 |
6736 |
8392 |
Theoretical yield |
Contrast |
235.7 |
2.45 |
5808 |
5358 |
Theoretical yield |
|
ROC10 |
Handle |
206.8 |
2.86 |
4373 |
4686 |
Theoretical yield |
Contrast |
1808 |
2.67 |
4117 |
3246 |
Theoretical yield |
|
ROC25 |
Handle |
247.8 |
2.73 |
4960 |
6033 |
Theoretical yield |
Contrast |
240.7 |
2.44 |
5587 |
5243 |
Theoretical yield |
|
Guangdong sugar 93-159 |
Handle |
208.8 |
2.76 |
5080 |
7530 |
The real output that claims |
Contrast |
174.5 |
2.57 |
4223 |
4480 |
The real output that claims |
|
Fujian sugar 69-421 |
Handle |
245.7 |
2.84 |
5042 |
6790 |
The real output that claims |
Contrast |
234.3 |
2.60 |
4862 |
6430 |
The real output that claims |