CN101889514B - Method for reducing absorptive amount of heavy metal chromium in soil by crop - Google Patents
Method for reducing absorptive amount of heavy metal chromium in soil by crop Download PDFInfo
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- CN101889514B CN101889514B CN2010102257214A CN201010225721A CN101889514B CN 101889514 B CN101889514 B CN 101889514B CN 2010102257214 A CN2010102257214 A CN 2010102257214A CN 201010225721 A CN201010225721 A CN 201010225721A CN 101889514 B CN101889514 B CN 101889514B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing an absorptive amount of heavy metal chromium in soil by a crop. Quick lime is applied to the soil polluted by the heavy metal chromium and is used as a base fertilizer before the sowing of the crop; and a planting method of intercropping of more than two crops is utilized at the same time. The method reduces the accumulation of the heavy metal chromium in the crop and achieves good effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to heavy metal pollution recovery technique field, relate in particular to a kind of method that reduces crops to heavy metal in soil chromium absorptive amount.
Background technology
It still is the focal issue that the whole world is widely paid close attention to that the quality safety of grain is produced, and the sustainable development and the human beings'health of agricultural is significant.And according to data, because industrial expansion, the heavy metal pollution of soil of Chengdu Plain is serious day by day, especially heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, chromium, copper, zinc.In the Yaan, we are through pressing down and the detection of agricultural land soil on every side the Daxing, and heavy metal chromium has also caused pollution in various degree to the farmland.This has not only influenced crop yield and quality, also can cause immeasurable influence through food chain harm human and livestock health.Therefore, chromium-polluted soil is badly in need of administering.
The heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure has three kinds at present, i.e. physical-chemical process, biological restoration method and agricultural measures method.These methods all have certain improved effect mostly, but certain limitation is also arranged.
Make a general survey of domestic and international research, the research ubiquity that heavy metal pollution is repaired lacks the problem of system research, and the one, majority concentrates in the research of heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and is less to the research report that heavy metal chromium pollutes; The 2nd, mostly the measure unification of taking is the reparation research to heavy metal pollution of single administration modifying agent or single cropping mode, both is combined seek the accumulation of heavy metal in crop jointly and the correlative study aquatic foods that plant growth influences are report.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to prior art, and a kind of method that reduces crops to heavy metal in soil chromium absorptive amount is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of method that reduces crops to heavy metal in soil chromium absorptive amount before the seeding crops, applies quicklime as base fertilizer in suffering the heavy metal chromium contaminated soil, adopt the planting patterns of two or more crop interplantings simultaneously.
Described method, said two or more crops are close crop breeding time.
Described method, said two or more crops comprise corn and soybean.
Described method, said quicklime apply mode for broadcasting sowing.
Described method, said quicklime are every mu as the concentration of base fertilizer and apply 15kg-25kg.
Described method, said corn and soybean are sowed simultaneously.
Described method in the corn shooting stage, continues to apply quicklime as topdressing.
Described method, the said concentration that applies of topdressing is every mu of 3kg-5kg.
The present invention adopts crop interplanting, uses modifying agent quicklime simultaneously, and relatively they have obtained good effect to the influence of Maize Absorption heavy metal chromium under both actings in conjunction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is elaborated.
(1) the test place is located at meteorological station, Sichuan Agricultural University teaching and scientific research farm.
(2) supplying to study thing is corn (Zea may L.) and soybean (Glyline Max).For the uniformity that guarantees to take a sample in the plant growth cycle, considered the crop varieties that breeding time is close during seed selection.
Corn variety is glutinous 304 in being, is the white grain crlutinous maize single cross hybrid that crop institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences breeds calendar year 2001, has that wide adaptability, disease resistance are strong, a quality better, characteristics that output is high.Plant height 250-270cm, 85～90 days breeding times.
Soybean varieties is that Japan is blue or green, branch 3-5 bar, and the about 50-70cm of plant height is about 100 days maturing stages.
(3) adopt field trial, supplying examination soil is purple soil, and its basic physical and chemical is following: soil pH value 7.72; Content of organic matter 22.0g/kg, total nitrogen content 1.30g/kg, content of tatal phosphorus 0.55g/kg; Full potassium content 15.63g/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content 98.00mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 0.52mg/kg; Quick-acting potassium content 131.56mg/kg, heavy metal zinc content 315.00mg/kg, chromium content 78.88mg/kg.The experimental plot gross area is 45m2, and wherein testing district's area is 3.0 * 5.0m, and for not applying the processing of modifying agent quicklime on the chromium-polluted soil, the corn plants line-spacing is 30 * 30cm, 4 row of planting altogether; Soybean line-spacing 30cm, the cave is apart from 20cm, 4 row of planting altogether; Corn ‖ soybean (‖ representes corn, soybean intercropping), corn line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, soybean line-spacing 30cm, the cave is apart from 20cm, the corn of intercropping mode and the soybean line-spacing 30cm of being separated by.Test two district's areas are 3.0 * 5.0m, and for applying the processing of low concentration quicklime on the chromium-polluted soil, the crop genetics mode is with test one district.Test three district's areas are 3.0 * 5.0m, and for applying the processing of high-concentration raw lime on the chromium-polluted soil, the crop genetics mode is with test one district.
(4) use modifying agent quicklime as base fertilizer before the crop plantation, divide high and low two concentration, test two districts are the quicklime low concentration, and mu is executed 15kg; Test three districts are the quicklime high concentration, and mu is executed 25kg, and (test the soil meta-alkalescence, the quicklime amount of application is too much unsuitable; Otherwise cause soil compaction and structural deterioration); For broadcasting sowing, evenly use when applying quicklime, influence plant growth to prevent that local soil alkalescence is excessive.Corn is deep ploughed during the shooting stage to append behind the soil again and is used quicklime, and test two districts, three districts mu execute quicklime 3kg and 5kg respectively.
(5) corn and soybean are sowed simultaneously, and be on May 2nd, 2009 sowing date, and evenly turn over before broadcasting, and execute pure N 2.0kg, P2052.4kg, K201.6kg is as base fertilizer; July 5; Append composite fertilizer's (N: P: K is 5: 6: 4) 0.9kg, carry out 2 deep ploughings simultaneously, crop full-bloom stage sampling on July 15 (full-bloom stage; It is the most vigorous period of crop meeting; Because the full-bloom stage duration of corn, soybean is different, be main during with the corn flowering during sampling, but take a sample soybean also on the occasion of flowering stage this moment); The sampling of crop maturing stage August 20 is carried out the whole plant collection to crop respectively during sampling, then chromium content and biomass thereof in root of the crop, stem (sheath), leaf, the seed (maturing stage) is measured.
(6) test amounts to 15 processing, and each handles repetition 3 times.Specifically see table 1.
Table 1 experimental scheme table
(7) test is carried out under field condition, fully supplies water artificial weeding during the plant growth.
(8) result of the test
1. crop full-bloom stage chromium content
Table 2 is the result show, from applying modifying agent, compares with contrast, and the chromium content in corn that quicklime is handled and root, stem and the leaf of soybean is all significantly less than corresponding contrast.Under the same planting patterns, the variation tendency of the chromium content of the root of corn and soybean, stem, leaf all shows as the quicklime of low concentration and handles the quicklime processing greater than high concentration, and its content size is: contrast＞quicklime (low)＞quicklime (height).From Different Ways of Planting; The chromium content of the root of corn and soybean, stem and leaf all shows as nonoculture＞intercropping; Its content size is followed successively by: nonoculture corn＞corn ‖ soybean (corn); Nonoculture soybean＞corn ‖ soybean (soybean) explains that under the modifying agent effect crop interplanting more helps reducing the absorption of crop to chromium than nonoculture.Compare with nonoculture, the chromium content of the corn of intercropping and the root of soybean, stem, leaf all significantly reduces than corresponding nonoculture corn and nonoculture soybean, but the reduction amplitude of corn is considerably beyond soybean.
Table 2 crop full-bloom stage chromium contains scale
2. crop maturing stage seed chromium content
Table 3 is the result represent, from applying modifying agent, under the same planting patterns, compares with contrast, and corn that quicklime is handled and the seed chromium content of soybean is all significantly less than corresponding contrast, i.e. contrast＞quicklime (low)＞quicklime (height).This is consistent with the chromium content performance in full-bloom stage root of the crop, stem, the leaf, explain that applying modifying agent can suppress heavy metal and move the accumulation that reaches at seed to crop field top.From Different Ways of Planting, the seed chromium content of corn and soybean all shows as nonoculture＞intercropping, and its content size is followed successively by: nonoculture corn＞corn ‖ soybean (corn), nonoculture soybean＞corn ‖ soybean (soybean).
Table 3 crop maturing stage seed chromium contains scale
3. crop full-bloom stage and maturing stage biomass
Table 4 is the result represent, under the same planting patterns, use quicklime and can significantly improve crop biomass, and application concentration is high more, and crop biomass is big more.Under the same modifying agent effect; Corn biomass in the corn ‖ soybean is apparently higher than the nonoculture corn; But the soybean in the intercropping is lower than the nonoculture soybean; Make ratio with two kinds of crop biomass sums, corn in the corn ‖ soybean and soybean biomass sum be all greater than nonoculture corn and nonoculture soybean biomass sum, explains that crop interplanting still brought into play the intercropping advantage.
Biological scale of table 4 crop full-bloom stage and maturing stage
Comprehensive above explanation, in daily agricultural production, but intercropping soybean during maize planting can be equipped with and use quicklime to reduce the accumulation of corn to chromium simultaneously.
Should be understood that, concerning those of ordinary skills, can improve or conversion, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of accompanying claims of the present invention according to above-mentioned explanation.
Claims (2)
1. a method that reduces crops to heavy metal in soil chromium absorptive amount is characterized in that, before the seeding crops, in suffering the heavy metal chromium contaminated soil, applies quicklime as base fertilizer, adopts the planting patterns of corn, soybean intercropping simultaneously; Said corn and soybean are sowed simultaneously; Corn line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, soybean line-spacing 30cm, the cave is apart from 20cm, the corn of intercropping mode and the soybean line-spacing 30cm of being separated by; Said soil pH value 7.72, said quicklime are every mu as the concentration of base fertilizer and apply 15kg-25kg; In the corn shooting stage, continue to apply quicklime as topdressing; The said concentration that applies of topdressing is every mu of 3kg-5kg.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said quicklime applies mode for broadcasting sowing.
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| CN104479683B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-03-02 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Can be used for soil conditioner of soil acidification conditioning and cadmium pollution reparation and preparation method thereof |
| CN104478636B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-03-02 | 湖南省土壤肥料研究所 | Soil acidity, the alkaline slow releasing composite fertilizer reducing Cd concentration of brown rice and preparation method thereof can be nursed one's health |
| CN108651208B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2020-06-23 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for reducing chromium content in tobacco leaves |
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| CN1810397A (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2006-08-02 | 天津市大钧科技开发有限公司 | Technology of repairing chromium contaminated soil |
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