CN101069427A - 容忍丢失多媒体组播的方法和系统 - Google Patents

容忍丢失多媒体组播的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN101069427A
CN101069427A CNA2005800412049A CN200580041204A CN101069427A CN 101069427 A CN101069427 A CN 101069427A CN A2005800412049 A CNA2005800412049 A CN A2005800412049A CN 200580041204 A CN200580041204 A CN 200580041204A CN 101069427 A CN101069427 A CN 101069427A
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datagram
frame
data
stem
video
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CN101069427B (zh
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乔恩·拉科沃斯克
丹尼尔·维特
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Vectormax Corp
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Abstract

一种监视系统和方法，其进行操作并与包括至少一个无线输入捕获设备ICD(s)和一个相应的数字输入记录器(DIR)和/或另一个ICD和可选的远程服务器计算机(RSC)的基本系统相互配合，包括提供基本系统的步骤；至少一个用户通过用户接口或直接或远程地进入DIR；系统内的行为和功能、及配置方法、和能被至少一个用户通过用户接口或直接在基本系统中的组件上由单击选择相互作用或一击作用执行的操作，其符合基础的预编程行为或依照用户的单击选择行为的系统自动执行的步骤，从而提供了具有无线通讯以监控目标环境的安全的监视系统。

Description

容忍丢失多媒体组播的方法和系统
相关申请的前后参照
此为2004年10月5日提交的美国临时申请序列No.60/615,989的非临时申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及传输和排序视频数据的方法和系统，尤其是涉及将视频数据流中的排序误差降至最小。
背景技术
目前存在通过互联网(Internet)传输大量信息的协议。在这些协议中，实时传输协议(RTP)是用于通过网络发送多媒体流的标准协议。
数据包是信息的基本单位。使用数据包的现有系统的例子在用数据报传输数据包以前需要连接建立阶段。数据报是包含首部的自包含数据包，该首部包括允许网络将该数据报转发到预期目标且独立于先前的或未来的数据报的信息。数据包由三个部分组成。第一部分是首部，其包含从源到目标为得到数据包所需要的信息。第二部分是数据有效载荷(payload)。数据包的第三部分是尾部，其通常包括确保在传输期间不出现错误的技术。
每一个数据包的首部包括多个域，其包含接收系统用于处理接收的数据包的指令。RTP要求每个数据包的首部最少有12个字节。这些首部长度通常为96比特。期望减小数据包及其首部的总的大小以实质上减小与数据包的传输相关的带宽开销。
多媒体数据流包括视频数据的多个编码帧。当传输包含多媒体数据的数据包时，在传输期间可能会出现数据的丢失。当用媒体播放应用程序解码和显示时，该数据的丢失导致不连贯的重放，其降低了多媒体数据流的重放质量。当传输的数据被组播以使多个用户接收时，这个问题显得很突出。当被请求处理没有全部接收或接收次序颠倒的数据流时，现有的系统要求相当大的开销。而且，这些系统只在传输层考虑为数据包排序而不关心在该层下为数据排序，如形成传输流的帧的次序。非常期望在帧的级别减少数据丢失，并产生接收的组播多媒体数据流的改进的重放。
因此，需要一种消除组播容忍丢失特性的协议。此外，当传输多媒体流时，在不可靠信道上传输可由于次序颠倒的发送而造成流的破坏，其结果几乎是无法觉察和不可挽回的。所以，需要一种能检测并可能纠正组播数据报发送失败的系统和协议。
根据本发明原理的系统处理这些缺点和有关的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了为数据报排序的方法和装置，所述数据报表示在编码数据流内的帧。本方法包括从每个相应的数据报分离首部。然后分离的首部被解码以确定帧组、帧组内的帧号、帧内的数据报号和帧内的数据报总数。接着为数据流内的每个数据报确定位置，并响应首部的解码为数据流内的数据报排序以产生视频数据流。
将数字视频数据编码入编码数据流的方法和系统。接口接收数字视频数据，而数据包处理器将接收的数字视频数据打包入数字数据的多个数据包，这些数据包各自包括识别目标地址的数据。一个单独的数据包包括指示器。指示器包括识别一组视频帧的标识符、一组视频帧内的视频帧标识符、视频帧内的数据包标识符和视频帧内的数据包总数。数据流生成器产生数据，所述数据表示单个数据包首部并将首部分别合并入相应的数据包中，单个数据包首部包括指示器。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明原理数据报的32比特首部的示意图；
图2是根据本发明原理相应数据流的多个数据报的示意图；
图3是根据本发明原理详述将首部与相应数据包编码的流程图；
图4是根据本发明原理接收器工作的流程图；
图5是根据本发明原理服务器的结构图；和
图6是根据本发明原理接收器的结构图。
具体实施方式
这里使用的应用程序是可执行计算机程序或包含代码或机器可读指令的指令组，以实现预定功能，包括操作系统、医疗信息系统或其它信息处理系统如响应用户命令或输入的功能。可执行程序是一段代码(机器可读指令)、子程序、执行一个或更多个特殊处理的代码的其它独立段或可执行程序的一部分，可执行程序可以包括在接收的输入参数上(或响应于接收的输入参数)执行操作并提供作为结果的输出参数。这里使用的处理器是用于执行任务的设备和/或机器可读指令组。处理器包括硬件、固件和/或软件中的任何一个或其组合。处理器通过处理、分析、修改、转换或传输信息以使可执行程序或信息设备使用信息、和/或通过将信息发送到输出设备而作用于信息。例如，处理器可以使用或包括控制器或微处理器的性能。这里使用的多媒体内容或内容流是任何编码或未编码的数据，其有视频数据和音频数据中的至少一个。这里使用的组播数据流包括连续数据流，其有来自单源的被编码的视频和音频-视频数据中的至少一个，且数据被传输和广播到一个特定组或用户或一个特定系统的成员。这里使用的帧表示应用程序数据的极小的单位，而帧组指一组帧。
此外，图1至图6的所有功能可用软件、硬件或其组合实现。
系统为因此被编码的相应数据报提供了唯一的首部。数据报首部包括32比特，分成4个字节。首部的第一字节包括一个帧组标识符，其识别格式化流内的帧组。首部的第二字节包括一个帧标识符，其识别格式化流的帧组内的帧。首部的第三字节包括一个数据报标识符，其识别帧内的数据报。首部的第四字节包括一个数值，其表示被要求代表整个帧的数据报的数目。包括在系统协议的首部内的四个标识符允许接收器为视频数据解码而不用担心错误次序。另外，首部的减小了的规模(32比特与IPv4中要求的96比特相比)也减小了传输数据报的必需的带宽。
系统提供了减少组播多媒体内容容忍丢失特性的广播装置。为推动此目标，编码帧分割成可组播的数据报。在组播系统中执行将排序数据合并入逻辑结构的方法。与该方法一致，指定数据报的一部分以保存排序数据。排序数据被储存在数据报的指定部分。该次序置于四个(4)单字节域中，这减小了传输数据报所需要的带宽。
在系统中，提供接收器从而可以检测并在可能时纠正组播数据报发送故障以便减少流破坏。通常传输的数据报利用不可靠数据报服务的网络广播。在这些系统中不能保证数据报的排序和发送。因此，系统接收多媒体组播数据，其中多媒体广播数据的帧分成一个或更多个数据报。每个接收的数据报包括前述帧数据以及首部信息。接收的数据报的首部信息被分析。首部信息清楚地说明了在重建的组播多媒体数据流内的帧或帧段的相对次序。通过接收首部内详述的排序数据，可以检测并纠正丢失或次序颠倒的数据报，从而流的帧构成不受影响。当确定丢失了一个数据报时，丢弃该帧。然而，当确定数据报次序颠倒时，在帧内为数据报在正确的位置重新排序。
系统10提供了控制数据报排序的机制，该数据报表示多媒体数据流内的视频数据的帧。在应用层处理排序。系统执行的排序是比先前系统中使用的排序结构更高级的排序结构，先前系统中的排序结构只涉及为包括数据流并为系统所接收的数据包排序。相反，本系统涉及通过解码并显示数据流的多媒体数据的应用，而为接收的数据流内的帧排序。
图1是与由系统编码的相应数据报相关的32比特首部的示意图。不象使用192比特首部的IPv4数据报的首部，其中96比特用于控制数据报流过网络并提供表示数据流内相应数据报位置的位置信息，该系统数据报的首部10使用32比特。该32比特分成8比特的4个字节。第一字节12A包括比特0-7且包含帧组标识符。帧组标识符识别数据报所属的流内的帧组。第二字节12B包括比特8-15且包含帧标识符。第三字节12C包括比特16-23且包含数据报标识符。数据报标识符识别由帧标识符指示的帧内的数据报的位置。第四字节12D(比特24-31)为表示传输的帧内数据报总数的值。该值便于确定接收的帧是否是完整的或部分的。
每一个第一字节12A和第二字节12B内的值用范围在0和256之间的滚动计数递增。这提供了在有限的时间周期期间相应数据流内特定帧相对于其它帧的直接次序，从而改进了为帧排序的能力。这个改进由解码器产生，其接收流，以分辨在预定时间期限内相应帧相对于其它帧的准确位置。
图2示出包括形成多媒体数据流的系统首部10和有效载荷11的多个数据包13。例如，所示多媒体数据流包括三个帧组，每个帧组包括两个帧，且每个帧由一个单个数据报组成。因此，在第三字节域12C内编码的值是“0”，其表示帧内的数据报号，而在第四字节域12D内中编码的值也是“1”，表示相应帧内的数据报总数等于“1”。第三和第四字节域12C、12D将不进一步讨论，因为其值在图2说明的例子中是不变的。然而，第三和第四字节域12C、12D的值不是始终不变的，可为其赋值而响应在首部的编码之前分割多媒体数据流的方式。
表示帧组1的值“0”在形成帧组1的每个数据包13的第一字节域12A内被编码。包括组1的两个帧中的每一个在第二字节域12B内被编码，该字节域以与帧组1的第一帧相关的值“0”和与帧组1的第二帧相关的值“1”开始。
第二帧组包括值“1”，该值在形成帧组2的每个数据包的第一字节域12A内被编码。帧组2的帧1包括在第二字节域12B内编码的值“2”，而帧组2的帧2包括在第二字节域内编码的值“3”。
第三帧组包括值“2”，该值在形成帧组3的每个数据包的第一字节域12A内被编码。帧组3的帧1包括在第二字节域12B内编码的值“4”。
在每一个第一字节域12D和第二字节域12B中的编号被递增，直到在每个字节域中相互独立地达到最大值256。一旦达到最大值，值返回到“0”并以同样的方式递增。
如步骤S100所示，包括多个视频帧的视频数据流被接收。如步骤S110中详细说明，接收的视频数据流分割成包含接收的视频数据部分的数据报。一旦分割成数据报，系统通过执行步骤S120-S150，确定编码流内每个分别的被分割的数据报的位置，如下在每个数据报上所述。
在步骤S120，为数据报确定帧组号，其表示接收的视频数据流内帧的相应组的位置。在步骤S130，为数据报确定数据报的帧号，其表示接收的视频数据的由步骤S120确定的帧组内特定帧的位置。在步骤S140确定数据报号。正如在步骤S140确定的，数据报号表示确定帧组的确定帧内相应数据报的位置。步骤S150确定需要完成确定帧组的确定帧的数据报的总数。步骤S160在相应数据报的四个比特首部内为这四个确定的量值编码。帧组、每个相应帧组内的帧、每帧的数据报的编号和数据报的总数由用于为视频数据编码的编码方案确定。
S160的首部编码步骤包括在首部的第一字节域内为步骤S120确定的帧组值编码。步骤S130确定的帧号值在首部的第二字节域内编码。步骤S140确定的数据报号在首部的第三字节域内编码及步骤S150确定的需要完成帧的数据报的总数在首部的第四字节域内编码。然后首部附在包括视频帧数据的数据报的有效载荷上。在步骤S170，数据报被传送。
图4是详述当接收在上面图3中讨论的由系统编码的数据流时接收器工作的流程图。当在步骤S180收到广播视频数据报时，系统开始。首部在步骤S200中被编码前，在步骤S190被分离以用于分析。在步骤S210，检查在首部的第一字节域内被编码的值以确定数据报所属的帧组。在步骤S220，检查在首部的第二字节域内编码的值以确定与相应数据报关联的帧号，数据报表明确定的帧组内帧的位置。一旦确定了帧号，在步骤S230检查在首部的第三字节域内编码的值以确定数据报号，数据报号规定确定的帧内相应数据报的位置。步骤S240提供首部的第四字节域的检查以获取形成确定帧所需要的数据报的总数。一旦解码器从首部获得值，应用程序响应从步骤S210-S240得到的值，在至少一个位置，在存储器内重新分配适当位置的相应的接收数据报。应用程序能处理并观察包括多媒体数据流的数据的原始编码的帧。
图5是用系统协议为数据报编码的服务器的结构图。视频源300为其处理产生、编码并提供视频数据到视频处理器310。视频数据可以以任何压缩或非压缩格式编码。视频处理器310为分割器320提供处理过的视频数据。分割器320将接收的数据分离成单独的数据报。分割器320为组处理器330、帧计数器340、数据报计数器350、数据报处理器360和编码器380提供数据报的副本。组处理器330确定数据报所属的帧组，并将表示确定帧组的数据传输到首部处理器/编码器370。帧计数器340确定在确定帧组内的数据报所属的帧的位置，并将表示确定帧号的数据传输到首部处理器/编码器370。数据报计数器350确定在确定的帧内数据报的位置，并将表示相应确定帧内的数据报号的数据传输到首部处理器/编码器370。数据报处理器360确定在确定帧内的数据报的总数，并将表示数据报总数的数据传输到首部处理器/编码器370。首部处理器/编码器370将确定的数据排序成四个字节，例如，数据被编码入数据报的首部中。该被排序的信息连同从分割器320转发的数据报一起传输到编码器，其为数据报内的首部编码。该数据报发送到广播装置390并广播以被客户的应用程序接收。
图6是系统接收器的结构图。接收器400接收与其连接的数据解析器410解析的数据报。数据解析器410从接收的数据报分离首部。首部被发送到首部解码器420，而数据报被发送到存储器480。首部解码器420为组号检测器430、帧号检测器440、数据报号检测器450和数据报总数检测器460提供表示首部信息的数据。组号检测器430解析首部信息，并确定指明数据报所属的组的组号。帧数检测器440解析首部信息，并确定相应数据报的帧号，其指明由组检测器430检测的帧组内帧的位置。数据报号检测器450解析首部信息，并确定指明确定帧内数据报位置的数据报号。数据报总数检测器460解析首部信息，并确定数据报的总数，其指明要求编码/解码确定帧的数据报的总数。确定的组号、帧号、数据报号和总数据报数被传输到数据报地址生成器470。数据报地址生成器470确定存储器480内接收的数据报的最佳位置，并将表示那个位置的地址传输到存储器480。存储器480储存在数据报地址生成器470指示的地址上从数据解析器410接收的数据报。随后存储器480可以给使用观看方式或数字记录方式的用户提供解码的视频数据。
服务器和接收器两者使用的系统协议实质上展示了一个减小的带宽和更可靠的传输协议。服务器提供了最小组数据的数据报，因为首部包含32比特。因此，用于通过网络传输数据的带宽实质上减小了。此外，最小的首部包括详细说明接收的视频数据内相应数据报的特定位置的信息组。该信息帮助接收器检测和纠正丢失或次序颠倒的数据，并确保接收数据流的正确重放。

Claims (23)

1.一种将数字视频数据编码入编码数据流的系统，包括：
接口，其接收数字视频数据；
数据包处理器，其将所述接收的数字视频数据打包入数字数据的多个数据包，所述数字数据的多个数据包分别地包括识别目标地址的数据，一单独的数据包包括指示器，所述指示器包括：
标识符，其识别一组视频帧；
视频帧标识符，其在一组视频帧内；
数据包标识符，其在一视频帧内；和
数据包总数，其在一视频帧内；和
数据流生成器，用于产生表示单独的数据包首部并将所述首部分别合并入相应数据包的数据，单独的数据包首部包括所述指示器。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述数据包是互联网协议兼容的数据报。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，每个所述多个数据包包括传送压缩视频数据的有效载荷。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述目标地址为所述数据流内每个所述多个数据包确定位置。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述首部由四个一字节的域形成，每个域代表一个相应的指示器。
6.一种为编码数据流解码的系统，所述编码数据流包括数字数据的多个数据包，所述数字数据的多个数据包分别地包含识别目标地址的数据，所述系统包括：
解析器，其用于识别单独的数据包内的首部；
解码器，其用于将单独的数据包内被识别的首部解码以识别特征，所述特征包括，
帧组标识符，
视频帧标识符，其在一组视频帧内；
数据包标识符，其在一视频帧内；
数据包总数，其在一视频帧内；和
数据流生成器，其用于在输出数据流内确定单独的数据包的位置并响应所述特征将所述输出数据流中的单独的数据包排序以产生视频数据流。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述数据包是互联网协议兼容的数据报。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，每个所述多个数据包包括传送压缩视频数据的有效载荷。
9.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述目标地址为所述数据流内每个所述多个数据包确定位置。
10.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述首部由四个一字节的域形成，每个域代表一个相应的指示器。
11.一种在编码数据流内为数据报排序的系统，包括：
解析器，其用于从每个相应的数据报分离首部；
解码器，其用于将所述分离的首部解码以为每个相应的数据报确定：
帧组；
帧号，其在所述帧组内；
数据报号，其在所述帧内；和
数据报总数，其在所述帧内；
地址生成器，其用于确定在所述数据流内每个数据报的位置并响应所述首部的解码将所述数据流中的数据报排序以产生视频数据流。
12.如权利要求11所述的系统，其中，所述地址生成器分析每个接收的数据包的所述数据报号及所述数据报总数以确定从所述数据流中漏掉的数据报的数目和位置。
13.如权利要求11所述的系统，进一步包括一个存储器，用于按照由所述地址生成器确定的次序储存所述数据报。
14.如权利要求11所述的系统，进一步包括一个视频显示器，用于按照由所述地址生成器确定的次序显示所述数据报。
15.一种产生数据流的系统，所述系统包括：
视频输入，其提供视频流；
分割器，其用于将接收的视频流分离成多个数据报；
处理器，其用于确定帧组；每个数据报的每帧的帧号、数据报号和数据报的数目；
编码器，其用于形成首部，所述的首部包括所述确定的帧组；每个数据报的每帧的帧号、数据报号和数据报的数目，且将所述首部附加到每个相应的数据报。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统，其中，所述处理器包括：
组处理器，其用于为每个数据报确定组号；
帧计数器，其用于为每个数据报确定帧号；
数据报计数器，其用于为每个数据报确定数据报号；和
数据报处理器，其用于为每帧确定数据报的数目。
17.如权利要求15所述的系统，进一步包括一个广播装置，所述广播装置连接到所述编码器以传输包括首部的所述数据报。
18.一种形成数据流的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
接收视频流；
将所述接收的视频流分离成多个数据报；
确定帧组；每个数据报的每帧的帧号、数据报号和数据报的数目；
形成首部，所述首部包括所述确定的帧组；每个数据报的每帧的帧号、数据报号和数据报的数目；
将所述首部附加到每个相应的数据报；和
用首部为所述数据报排序以形成所述数据流。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，进一步包括传输所述数据流的步骤。
20.一种在编码数据流中为数据报排序的方法，包括行为：
接收包括数据报的所述编码数据流；
将首部从每个相应的数据报分离；
将所述分离的首部解码以确定帧组、帧组内的帧号、帧内的数据报号和帧内的数据报总数；
为所述数据流内的每个数据报确定位置；和
响应所述首部的解码将所述数据流内的所述数据报排序以产生视频数据流。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：
分析每个接收的数据包的所述数据报号及数据报的所述总数；和
确定从所述数据流中漏掉的数据报的数目和位置。
22.如权利要求20所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：
将所述排序的数据报分配给存储器。
23.如权利要求20所述的方法，进一步包括以下步骤：
按照由所述地址生成器确定的次序显示所述数据报。
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