CN101068825B - 具有a2a激动剂活性的具有修饰的5'-核糖基团的2-丙炔基腺苷类似物 - Google Patents
具有a2a激动剂活性的具有修饰的5'-核糖基团的2-丙炔基腺苷类似物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
相关申请
本申请要求名称为:“具有A2A激动剂活性的具有修饰的5′-核糖基团的2-丙炔基腺苷类似物和组合物”的临时申请的优先权,其于2004年8月2日提交,序列号为60/598,018,本文包括其全部内容作为参考。
政府基金
本文所描述的发明是在国家科学基金授予的基金号(RO1-HL37942)的政府资助下完成的的。美国政府对本发明享有一定的权利。
本发明的背景
炎症应答用于消灭机体的有害因子。能够引发炎症应答的病原性损害范围广泛,包括感染、变应原、自身免疫刺激、对移植组织、有害化学物和毒素的免疫应答、局部缺血/再灌注、缺氧、机械创伤与热损伤。炎症通常是一种非常局限性的作用,用于逼出、稀释减弱和隔离损害因子与损伤组织。当机体应答在消灭目标因子过程中造成宿主组织不适当损伤或对外伤性创伤产生应答时,它就变为疾病的动因。
作为实例,在多种血管疾病或损伤中炎症是发病机制的组成部分。实例包括:局部缺血/再灌注损伤(N.G.Frangogiannis等,inMyocardial Ischemia:Mechanisms,Reperfusion,Protection,M.Karmazyn,编辑,Birkhuser Verlag(1996)at 236-284;H.S.Sharma等,Med.of Inflamm.,6,175(1987)),动脉粥样硬化(R.Ross,Nature,362,801(1993)),炎症性主动脉瘤(N.Girardi等,Ann.Thor.Surg.,64,251(1997);D.I.Walker等,Brit.J.Surg.,59,609(1972);R.L.Pennell等人,J.Vase.Surg.,2,859(1985)),和气囊血管成形术后再狭窄(参见上文引用的,R.Ross)。与炎症有关的细胞包括包括白细胞(即,免疫系统细胞-嗜中性粒细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,淋巴细胞,单核 细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,巨噬细胞,树状细胞,和肥大细胞),血管内皮,血管平滑肌细胞,成纤维细胞,和肌细胞。
白细胞释放炎性细胞因子例如肿瘤坏死因子-α是免疫系统抵抗包括感染物在内的病原侵入物的方式。TNFα刺激粘附因子在白细胞和内皮细胞上表达和活化,引发嗜中性粒细胞对次级刺激炎症应答的增强,并增强粘着嗜中性粒细胞的氧化活性。参见,本文引用的Sharma等。另外,巨噬细胞/树状细胞还用作加工抗原呈递给淋巴细胞的佐细胞。淋巴细胞本身受刺激后起着前炎性细胞毒细胞的作用。
通常,细胞因子刺激嗜中性粒细胞以增强氧化性(例如超氧化和次级产物)和非氧化性(例如髓过氧化物酶及其它酶)炎症活性。细胞因子的不适当与过度释放可能会通过组织损伤的氧化与非氧化产物的释放产生相反的超强病源作用(K.G.Tracey等,J.Exp.Med.,167,1211(1988)和D.N.Mannel等,Rev.Infect.Dis.,9(增刊5),S602-S606(1987))。例如,TNFα能诱导嗜中性粒细胞粘附于血管壁上,然后通过血管移动到损伤部位,释放它们的氧化和非氧化炎性产物。
尽管单核细胞缓慢聚集在炎症病灶部位,但如果条件适宜单核细胞会发育成长驻佐细胞和巨噬细胞。当用炎症触发因子刺激,单核细胞/巨噬细胞也能产生和分泌一系列细胞因子(包括TNFα)、补体、脂质、活性氧物质、蛋白酶和改造组织和调控外围组织功能的生长因子。
例如,已经证明炎症细胞因子是下列疾病的致病因子:关节炎(C.A.Dinarello,Semin.Immunol.,4,133(1992));局部缺血(A.Seekamp等,Agents-Actions-Supp.,41,137(1993));脓毒性休克(D.N.Mannel等,Rev.Infect.Dis.,9(增刊5),S602-S606(1987));哮喘(N.M.Cembrzynska等,Am.Rev.Respir.Dis.,147,291(1993));器官移植排斥(D.K.Imagawa等,Transplantation,51,57(1991);多发性硬化症(H.P.Hartung,Ann.Neurol.,33,591(1993));爱滋病(T.Matsuyama等,AIDS,5,1405(1991));和碱灼伤眼睛(F.Miyamoto等,OpthalmicRes.,30,168(1997))。此外,白细胞中过氧化物的形成与促进人免疫缺陷性病毒(HIV)的复制相关(S.Legrand-Poels等,AIDSRes.Hum.Retroviruses,6,1389(1990))。
众所周知,腺苷和一些能非选择性激活腺苷受体亚型的腺苷类似物可以减少嗜中性粒细胞产生炎性氧化产物(B.N.Cronstein等, Ann.N.Y.Acad.Sci.,451,291(1985);P.A.Roberts等,Biochem.J.227,669(1985);D.J.Schrier等,J.Immunol.,137,3284(1986);B.N.Cronstein等,Clinical Immunol,和Immunopath.,42,76(1987);M.A.Iannone等,in Topics and Perspective in adenosine Research,E.Gerlach等,eds.,Springer-Verlag,Berlin,P.286(1987);S.T.McGarrity等,J.Leukocyte Biol,44,411421(1988);J.De La Harpe等,J.Immunol.,143,596(1989);S.T.McGarrity等,J.Immunol.,142,1986(1989);和C.P.Nielson等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,97,882(1989))。例如,已经证明腺苷能抑制趋化物如细菌肽的合成模拟物,f-met-leu-phe(fMLP),以及补体成分C5a刺激引起的嗜中性粒细胞释放过氧化物(B.N.Cronstein等,J.Immunol.,135,1366(1985))。腺苷可以降低首先由TNF-α致敏、然后由第二种刺激物如f-met-leu-phe刺激引起的PMN(嗜中性粒细胞)显著增多的氧化性爆发(G.W.Sullivan等,Clin.Res.,41,172a(1993))。另外,报道腺苷可以减少T-细胞株中HIV复制的速率(S.Sipka等,Acta.Biochim.Biopys.Hung.,23,75(1988))。但并没有证据说明腺苷在体内具有抗炎活性(G.S.Firestein等,Clin.Res.,41,170a(1993);和B.N.Cronstein等,Clin.Res.,41,244a(1993))。
已经提出对过氧化物的释放可能具有相反作用的嗜中性粒细胞上存在多于一种的腺苷受体亚型(B.N.Cronstein等人,J.Clin.Invest.,85,1150(1990))。Van Calker等人最初证明了嗜中性粒细胞上A2A受体的存在(D.Van Calker等人.,Eur.J.Pharmacology,206,285(1991))。
根据放射性配体结合试验和生理学应答,已逐步开发了许多作为A2A腺苷受体(AR)的激动剂其效力越来越高和/或选择性越来越强的化合物。最初开发的化合物对A2A受体的选择性很低、甚至无选择性,例如腺苷本身或腺苷的5′-甲酰胺类化合物,如5′-N-乙基甲酰氨基腺苷(NECA)(B.N.Cronstein等,J.Immunol.,135,1366(1985))。后来发现加入2-烷基氨基取代基能增强效价与选择性,例如CVl808和CGS21680(M.F.Jarvis等人.,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.,251,888(1989))。2-烷氧基-取代的腺苷衍生物如WRC-0090作为激动剂在冠状动脉A2A受体上具有更高的效力与选择性(M.Ueeda等人.,J.Med.Chem.,34,1334(1991))。在冠状动脉A2A受体上还对作为激动 剂的2-烷基肼基腺苷衍生物如SHA 211(也称作WRC-0474)也进行了评价(K.Niiya等.,J.Med.Chem.,35,4557(1992))。
一篇文献报道了联合使用相对非特异性的腺苷类似物,R-苯基异丙基腺苷(R-PIA)和2-氯腺苷(Cl-Ado)与磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂导致嗜中性粒细胞氧化活性降低的情况(M.A.Iannone等,Topics andPerspectives in Adenosine Research,E.Garlach等,编辑.,Springer-Verlag,Berlin,pp.286-298(1987))。但实际上较之A2A腺苷受体,R-PIA和Cl-Ado是A1腺苷受体的更强活化剂,因此由于心肌与其它组织上A1受体活化会引起诸如“心传导阻滞”之类作用而产生副作用。
R.A.Olsson等(U.S.Pat.No.5,278,150)公开了下式的选择性腺苷A2 受体激动剂:
其中Rib为核糖基,R1为H和R2为环烷基。所公开的化合物可用于治疗高血压,动脉粥样硬化和用作血管扩张剂。
Olsson等(U.S.Pat.No.5,140,015)公开了下式的一些腺苷A2受体激动剂:
其中C(X)BR2为CH2OH和R1为烷基或烷氧基烷基。所公开的化合物 可用作血管扩张剂或抗高血压药。
Linden等的发明(U.S.Pat.No.5,877,180)基于下述发现:通过施用作为A2A腺苷受体选择性激动剂的化合物,优选与IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂联合联合施用可以有效地治疗某些炎症性疾病,如关节炎和气喘。在Linden等的发明中,其实施方案提供了一种通过施用有效量的下式A2A腺苷受体治疗炎症性疾病的方法:
其中R和X如该专利定义。
在一个实施方案中,Linden等的发明包括联合施用IV型磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂与A2A腺苷受体拮抗剂。IV型磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂包括下式的外消旋和光学活性的下式的4-(聚烷氧苯基)-2-吡咯烷酮:
其中R′,R18,R19和X如美国专利号4,193,926所公开和描述。咯利普兰是包括在上式范围内的适宜IV型PDE抑制剂的实例。
G.Cristalli(U.S.Pat.No.5,593,975)公开了2-芳基乙炔基、2-环烷基乙炔基或2-羟基烷基乙炔基衍生物,其中的核苷残基被羧基氨基、或取代的羧基氨基(R3HNC(O)-)取代。Miyasaka等(U.S.Pat.No.4,956,345)已经公开了2-炔基嘌呤衍生物,其中的2-炔基基团被(C3 -C16)烷基取代。所公开的′975化合物被认为是血管扩张剂,可抑制血 小板聚集,因而能用作抗局部缺血药、抗动脉粥样硬化剂和抗高血压药。
最近,授予Linden等的美国专利6,232,297公开了具有通式的化合物:
其中每个R是H,X是乙氨基羰基和R1是4-羧基环己基甲基(DWH-146a),R1是4-甲氧基羰基环己基甲基(DWH-146e)或R1是4-乙酰氧甲基-环己基甲基(JMR-193)。据报道这些化合物是A2A拮抗剂。
然而,仍然持续需要可用于治疗应用并且具有减弱的副作用的选择性A2腺苷受体激动剂。此外,还持续需要在应激成像(stressimaging)或其他心室功能成像技术中用作药理学应激物的选择性A2腺苷受体激动剂,其优选地具有减弱的副作用,同时是化学稳定和短效的。
发明概述
本发明包括用于治疗哺乳动物组织中炎症活性的化合物及其使用方法。炎症组织活性可以是由于病理性因子引起,或者可以是由于物理性、化学性或热创伤,或医疗过程如器官、组织或细胞移植,血管成形术(PCTA),局部缺血/再灌注后的炎症,或移植过程中的创伤造成。本发明化合物包括一类新型2-炔基腺苷衍生物,在乙炔-2-基位被取代的环烷基和杂环(杂环的)部分取代。优选在5′-位上通过取代N-(环烷基)羧基氨基(“氨基羰基”)部分(“X”)或5-或6-元杂环来对核苷残基进行修饰。因此,本发明提供了通过施用有效量的一种或多种本发明化合物抑制哺乳动物如人类的炎症应答、保护易发 生这种炎症应答的组织的方法。
本发明的化合物具有通式(I):
其中
Z是CR3R4R5或NR4R5;
每个R1独立地是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C3-8环烷基,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,RaS(=O)2-,-N=NRa,或-OPO2Ra;
每个R2独立地是氢,卤素,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基;或
R1和R2以及与它们连接的原子是C=O,C=S或C=NRC。
R4和R5与它们连接的原子一起形成具有3,4,5,6,7,8,9或10个环原子的饱和或部分不饱和的,或芳香环,任选在环上包含1,2,3,或4个选自非过氧形式氧(-O-),硫(-S-),亚磺酰基(-SO-),磺酰基(-S(O)2-)或胺(-NRa-)的杂原子;
其中任何包含R4和R5的环被1至14个R6基团取代;
其中每个R6独立地是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C1-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,(C6-C12)双环烷基,杂环或杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)-亚烷基, -CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,-NNRa,-OPO2Ra;或两个R6基团和它们连接的原子是C=O或C=S;或两个R6基团和它们连接的原子一起形成在环上包含1至6个碳原子和1,2,3,或4个选自非过氧oxy(-O-),硫(-S-),亚磺酰基(-SO-),磺酰基(-S(O)2-),磷化氢(-OP(O)2-,或胺(-NRa-)的杂原子的碳环或杂环;
R3是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,RaS(=O)2-,-NNRa,-OPO2Ra;或者如果由CR4R5形成的环是芳基或杂芳基或部分饱和的,则R3可以不存在;
每个R7独立地是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-;
X是-CH2ORe,-CO2Re,-CH2OC(O)Re,-C(O)NReRf,-CH2SRe,-C(S)ORe,-CH2OC(S)Re或C(S)
NReRf-CH2N(Re)(Rf),或具有下式的基团
其中每个Z1是非过氧-O-,-S(O)p-,-C(R8)j-,或-N(R8)-;条件是至少一个Z1是非过氧-O-,-S(O)p-,或-N(R8)-;
每个R8独立地是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,(C1-C8)烯基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)烷基(C3-C8)环烷基,(C3-C8)环烯基,(C1-C8)烷基(C3 -C8)环烯基,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,其中R8的任何烷基或烯基任选地被-O-,-S-,或-N(Ra)-间断;
Re是环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基;
Rf是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,或被1-3个下列基团取代的(C1-C8)烷基:(C1-C8)烷氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)烷硫基,氨基酸,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基;和
其中R1,R2,R3,R6,R7和R8的任何烷基,烯基,环烷基,环烯基,杂环,芳基,或杂芳基在碳上任选地被一个或多个(例如1,2,3,或4)取代基取代,取代基选自卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C6-C12)双环烷基,杂环或杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基氧基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)P-,RaRbNS(O)P-,N=NRa,和-OPO3Ra;
其中任何(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C6-C12)双环烷基,(C1-C8)烷氧基,(C1-C8)烷酰基,(C1-C8)亚烷基,或杂环任选地为部分不饱和;
Ra和Rb各自独立地是氢,(C1-C18)烷基,或被1-3个下列基团取代的(C1-C18)烷基:(C1-C18)烷氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C18)烷硫基,氨基酸,芳基,芳基(C1-C18)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C18)亚烷基;或Ra和Rb,与它们连接的氮一起形成吡咯烷子基(pyrrolidino),哌啶子基(piperidino),吗啉代,或硫代吗啉代环;和
Rc是氢或(C1-C6)烷基;
m是0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,或8;i是1,或2;每个j独立地是1,或2;和每个p独立地是0,1,或2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的化合物具有通式(I):
其中
Z是CR3R4R5或NR4R5;
每个R1独立地是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,C3-8环烷基,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,RaS(=O)2-,-N=NRa,或-OPO2Ra;
每个R2独立地是氢,卤素,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基;或
R1和R2和它们连接的原子是C=O,C=S或C=NRC。
R4和R5与它们连接的原子一起形成具有3,4,5,6,7,8,9或10个环原子的饱和或部分不饱和的,或芳香环,任选在环上包含1,2,3,或4个选自非过氧形式氧(-O-),硫(-S-),亚磺酰基(-SO-),磺酰基(-S(O)2-)或胺(-NRa-)的杂原子;
其中任何包含R4和R5的环被1至14个R6基团取代;
其中每个R6独立地是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C1-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,(C6-C12)双环烷基,杂环或杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)-亚烷基,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,-NNRa,-OPO2Ra;或两个R6基 团和它们连接的原子是C=O或C=S;或两个R6基团和它们连接的原子一起形成在环上包含1至6个碳原子和1,2,3,或4个选自非过氧形式氧(-O-),硫(-S-),亚磺酰基(-SO-),磺酰基(-S(O)2-),磷化氢(-OP(O)2-,或胺(-NRa-)的杂原子的碳环或杂环;
R3是氢,卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)-,RaS(=O)2-,-NNRa,-OPO2Ra;或者如果由CR4R5形成的环是芳基或杂芳基或部分饱和的,则R3可以不存在;
每个R7独立地是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)环烷基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂环,杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-;
X是-CH2ORe,-CO2Re,-CH2OC(O)Re,-C(O)NReRf,-CH2SRe,-C(S)ORe,-CH2OC(S)Re或C(S)
NReRf-CH2N(Re)(Rf),或具有下式的基团
其中每个Z1是非过氧形式-O-,-S(O)p-,-C(R8)j-,或-N(R8)-;条件是至少一个Z1是非过氧形式-O-,-S(O)p-,或-N(R8)-;
每个R8独立地是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,(C1-C8)烯基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)烷基(C3-C8)环烷基,(C3-C8)环烯基,(C1-C8)烷基(C3 -C8)环烯基,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,其中R8的任何烷基或烯基任选地被-O-,-S-,或-N(Ra)-间断;
Re是环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基;
Rf是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,或被1-3个下列基团取代的(C1-C8)烷基:(C1-C8)烷氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)烷硫基,氨基酸,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基;和
其中R1,R2,R3,R6,R7和R8的任何烷基,烯基,环烷基,环烯基,杂环,芳基,或杂芳基在碳上任选地被一个或多个(例如1,2,3,或4)取代基取代,取代基选自卤素,-ORa,-SRa,(C1-C8)烷基,氰基,硝基,三氟甲基,三氟甲氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C6-C12)双环烷基,杂环或杂环(C1-C8)亚烷基-,芳基,芳基氧基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,杂芳基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基-,-CO2Ra,RaC(=O)O-,RaC(=O)-,-OCO2Ra,RaRbNC(=O)O-,RbOC(=O)N(Ra)-,RaRbN-,RaRbNC(=O)-,RaC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=O)N(Rb)-,RaRbNC(=S)N(Rb)-,-OPO3Ra,RaOC(=S)-,RaC(=S)-,-SSRa,RaS(=O)P-,RaRbNS(O)P-,N=NRa,和-OPO3Ra;
其中任何(C1-C8)烷基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C6-C12)双环烷基,(C1-C8)烷氧基,(C1-C8)烷酰基,(C1-C8)亚烷基,或杂环任选地为部分不饱和;
Ra和Rb各自独立地是氢,(C1-C8)烷基,或被1-3个下列基团取代的(C1-C8)烷基:(C1-C8)烷氧基,(C3-C8)环烷基,(C1-C8)烷硫基,氨基酸,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基,或杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基;或Ra和Rb,与它们连接的氮一起形成吡咯烷子基,哌啶子基,吗啉代,或硫代吗啉代环;和
Rc是氢或(C1-C6)烷基;
m是0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,或8;i是1,或2;每个j独立地是1,或2;和每个p独立地是0,1,或2;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明提供了用于医学治疗的式I的化合物,优选地用于治疗炎症或保护哺乳动物组织乳动物组织免受炎症例如由过敏反应,创伤或局部缺血/再灌注损伤所引起的炎症应答,以及式I化合物制备用于治疗由于哺乳动物,例如人中与炎症有关的病理性病症或症状引起的炎症性应答的药物的用途。
本发明还包括联合使用这些化合物与IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂以优 选协同降低白细胞介导的炎症性应答的用途。
本发明还提供了药物组合物,其包含有效量的式(I)化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,与药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体,任选地IV型磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂。优选地,组合物为单位剂量形式。
另外,本发明还提供了预防或治疗哺乳动物,如人类的病理性病症或症状的治疗方法,其中涉及A2A腺苷受体活性并且需要所述受体的激动活性,该方法包括对需要这种治疗的哺乳动物施用有效量的式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。据信激活A2A腺苷受体可以通过影响嗜中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、T-细胞和/或嗜曙红细胞而抑制炎症。抑制这些炎症细胞能够在组织损伤。
另外,本发明提供了治疗生物学疾病的治疗方法,包括将有效量的抗生素、抗真菌剂或抗病毒剂与A2a腺苷受体介导剂联合施用。如果抗致病剂不是已知的,则可单独使用A2a拮抗剂来减少炎症,例如这可在抗生素耐药菌,或一些病毒例如引起SARS或Ebola的病毒的感染过程中发生。任选地,该方法包括施用IV型PDE抑制剂。A2a腺苷受体拮抗剂可以为治疗病症,例如由败血症引起的炎症,例如,在治疗生物恐怖主义武器例如炭疽,兔热病,大肠杆菌,瘟疫等施用抗生素时的人尿毒综合症提供辅助治疗。本发明还为治疗致命细菌,真菌和病毒感染例如炭疽,兔热病,埃希氏菌和瘟疫提供辅助治疗,包括将抗菌剂,抗真菌剂或抗病毒剂与选择性A2a腺苷受体激动剂联合施用。
本发明提供了单独治疗或与消除疾病的药物联合治疗引起炎症的生物学疾病的方法。这些包括细菌与抗生素联合,但不局限于引起炭疽,兔热病,瘟疫,莱姆病和炭疽的细菌。还包括病毒但不局限于引起RSV,严重的急性呼吸综合症(SARS),流行性感冒和Ebola的病毒,使用或没有使用抗病毒治疗。还包括酵母和真菌感染,使用或没有使用抗酵母或抗真菌药。
抗菌药,抗真菌药或抗病毒要可以与A2A腺苷受体激动剂一起施用{例如,同时地}或它们可以同时或作为混合物或随后施用。随后施用A2A腺苷受体激动剂可以在药物施用前,或药物施用后几分钟内或直至大约48小时来施用。优选地在大约24小时内,更优选地在大约12小时内施用A2A腺苷受体激动剂。
本发明的方法除败血病性休克之外还可治疗患有败血症,严重的败血症,和潜在地全身炎症性应答综合征患者。A2AAR激动剂在炎症性级联反应的初期发挥了多重抗炎作用,因此A2AAR激动剂的短疗程可在严重的,威胁人生命的感染性和炎症性疾病,包括吸入性炭疽,兔热病,埃希氏菌和瘟疫中产生极大的益处。
已经证明了A2AAR激动剂在体内脑膜炎,腹膜炎和关节炎实验模型中的抗炎作用。细菌性败血症的潜在性致命综合症在急性医护单位正在成为日益普遍的问题。败血症和败血症性休克,目前在美国是排名第十一的导致死亡的原因,发生次数不断增长。当前的估计显示在美国每年大约有900,000名败血症新发病例(将近60%是革兰氏阴性),粗略估计死亡率为35%。而且,如最近的临床试验中所评定的,死亡率接近25%,而将近10%的患者死于他们的原发病。每年近200,000名病例中由休克导致的死亡率为46%(92,000名死亡)。每年用于败血症的保健开支估计为50-100亿美元。现在普遍认识到在非心脏动脉重症监护室(non-coronary intensive care units)就医的患者中,败血症是导致死亡的普遍原因。败血综合症是至关重要的公众健康问题。预期A2AAR激动剂可用作新的和独特的辅助治疗途径以减少发病率和死亡率。相信这种治疗将会改善全身性炭疽,兔热病,埃希氏菌和瘟疫的结果。
本发明的A2A腺苷受体激动剂可以抑制嗜中性粒细胞,巨噬细胞和T细胞的活化并因此减少由细菌和病毒感染所引起的炎症。化合物与抗生素或抗病毒药联合可以预防或减少由败血症或溶血性尿毒性综合征或其它的炎症性病症所引起的死亡。通过IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂例如咯利普兰可增强A2A腺苷激动剂的作用。
本发明还提供包含有效量式(I)的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,与药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体的药物组合物。优选地,该组合物以剂量单元的形式存在,并且可以适合于肠胃外,例如,静脉注射。
本发明还提供了在医学治疗中使用的式I化合物(例如,在潜在致命性细菌感染,例如,炭疽,兔热病,埃希氏菌,瘟疫,或其他的细菌或病毒感染的治疗中,和由细菌和/或病毒感染引起的全身性中毒(intoxification)的治疗中用作辅助剂,以及式I的化合物制备减少由细菌或病毒引起的炎症的药物或治疗哺乳动物,例如人的炎症的药物的用 途。本发明的化合物可用于治疗全身性中毒,其中细菌或病毒剂直接引起炎症或由于使用抗生素或抗病毒药进行治疗而引起炎症。
败血症是由于毒素产生细菌或病毒暴发性感染血流而引起的严重疾病。感染,可以表现为炎症,炎症可以由细菌或病毒病原体直接引起或由于对其进行治疗,即,由于使用抗菌药或抗病毒药进行治疗导致病原体死亡而引起炎症。败血症还可以看作机体对感染的应答。感染可以由微生物或“病菌”(通常是细菌)侵入身体引起,可以限于特定的身体区域(例如,牙脓肿)或可以广泛分布于血液中(通常称为“败血症”或“血中毒”)
全身性中毒或炎症性休克通常称为败血症性休克;菌血症休克;内毒素性休克;败血病休克;或暖休克。
败血症性休克是当暴发性感染导致低血压和低血流量时的严重的异常状态。重要的器官,例如脑,心脏,肾,和肝脏不能发挥功能或可能衰退。败血症性休克最通常在非常老和非常年轻的人身上发生。它也在患有原发病的人中发生。任何细菌生物都可能导致败血症性休克。真菌和病毒也可以导致这种状态。细菌,真菌或病毒释放的毒素可以导致直接的组织损伤,并可以导致低血压和/或器官机能不良。这些毒素还可以使机体产生引起败血症性休克的剧烈的炎症性应答。
另一方面,本发明还提供治疗严重急性呼吸器官综合症(SARS)的方法,包含对需要所述治疗的哺乳动物施用有效的抗炎量的A2A腺苷受体激动剂,任选地与PDE-IV抑制剂,例如,咯利普兰一起施用。
本发明提供了化合物以及将它们用于检测哺乳动物,例如人或家畜中冠状动脉狭窄的存在以及评价其严重程度的方法。优选地,本发明的化合物用作在检测和评价冠状动脉疾病的药理学应激成像中使用的药理学应急诱发剂或应急物。用作应急诱发剂的本发明特定化合物是有效的和选择性的A2a腺苷受体,但也是短效的,以至于于它们在成像过程后可快速地被身体清除。
因此,本发明提供了检测哺乳动物,例如人受试者冠状动脉狭窄存在和严重程度的方法,包括(1)施用相当数量的一种或多种通式(I)的化合物和(2)在上述哺乳动物中实行一种技术以检测和/或确定所述冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度。
本发明提供了在医学诊断过程中使用的式(I)的化合物,优选地用 于检测人受试者冠状动脉狭窄的存在,和评价其严重程度。本发明提供了式(I)化合物制备可与临床灌注成像技术合用以诊断和评定冠状动脉疾病程度的药理学血管扩张剂的用途。优选的灌注成像技术是二维或单光子发射计算体层摄影术(SPECT)γ照相机闪烁照相术,正电子发射断层摄影术(PET),核磁共振(NMR)成像,磁共振成像(MRI),灌注对比超声心动描记术,数字式减影血管造影(DSA)和超速X-射线计算机断层术(CINE CT)。
本发明还提供了包含有效量式(I)的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,与药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体的药物组合物。优选地,该组合物以单元剂量的形式存在,并可适用于肠胃外,例如,静脉注射。
附图简述
图1通过监测施用本发明化合物后大鼠血压的降低说明了与其它A2A激动剂相比的A2A激动剂的作用持续时间。
图2通过监测口服施用本发明化合物后大鼠血压的降低说明了与其它A2A激动剂相比的A2A激动剂的作用持续时间。
发明详述
除另有说明外,使用下列定义。卤素是氟,氯,溴,或碘。烷基,烷氧基,芳烷基,烷基芳基等表示直链和支链烷基基团;但对于单独基团如“丙基”则仅包括直链基团,支链异构体如“异丙基”则会具体指出。芳基包括苯基或具有大约9-10个环原子的邻位稠合二环碳环基,其中至少一个环为芳香环。杂芳基包括经由含有五或六个环原子的单环芳环的环碳连接的基团,其中所述的五或六个环原子由碳和1-4个分别选自非过氧形式氧、硫和N(X),其中X不存在或为H,O,(C1-C4)烷基,苯基或苯甲基的杂原子组成,以及由含有大约8-10个环原子的邻位稠合双杂环衍生得到的基团,特别是苯并衍生物或通过向其上稠合丙烯,三亚甲基或四亚甲基二价基得到的衍生物。
本领域技术人员将会认识到式(I)化合物具有多于一个的手性中心,因而可以分离成光活性与外消旋形式。优选式(I)的核苷部分衍生自D-核糖。某些化合物可能会呈现多晶现象。因此应当理解,本发明包括本发明化合物的任何外消旋体、旋光活性体、多晶体或立体异 构体,或它们的混合物,它们都具有本发明所述的有益性质。本领域技术人员熟知如何制备旋光活性形式(例如,利用重结晶技术或酶技术拆分外消旋形式,由旋光活性起始物料合成,手性合成,或使用手性固定相色谱分离)以及如何使用本文所述试验或使用本领域公知的其它类似试验测定腺苷激动剂活性。
使用式I化合物,任选与IV型PDE抑制剂联合使用可治疗(包括预防性治疗)的炎症应答是指由于下列情况所造成的炎症:
(a)自身免疫刺激(自身免疫疾病),如红斑狼疮,多发性硬化,子宫内膜异位造成的不育症,I型糖尿病包括导致糖尿病的胰岛破坏和糖尿病的炎症后果,包括腿溃疡,Crohn病,溃疡性结肠炎,炎性肠病,骨质疏松症和类风湿性关节炎;
(b)变应性疾病如气喘,枯草热,鼻炎,毒叶藤,春季结膜炎及其它嗜曙红细胞介导的病症;
(c)皮肤病如牛皮癣,接触性皮炎,湿疹,感染性皮肤溃疡,开放性创伤的愈合,蜂窝织炎;
(d)感染病如败血病,败血症性休克,脑炎,感染性关节炎,内毒素性休克,革兰氏阴性菌性休克,Jarisch-Herxheimer反应,炭疽,瘟疫,兔热病,ebola,带状疱疹,中毒性休克,脑型疟,细菌性脑膜炎,急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS),肺慢性阻塞性疾病(COPD),莱姆病,HIV感染,(TNFα-增强的HIV复制,TNFα抑制逆转录酶抑制剂活性);
(e)消耗病,继发于癌症与HIV的恶病质;
(f)器官、组织或细胞移植(如骨髓、角膜、肾、肺、肝、心脏、皮肤、胰岛),包括移植排斥,和移植物抗宿主病;
(g)药物治疗的副作用,包括两性霉素B治疗的副作用,免疫抑制治疗如白介素-2治疗的副作用,OKT3治疗的副作用,对比染料,抗生素,GM-CSF治疗的副作用,环孢菌素治疗的副作用,以及氨基糖甙治疗的副作用,由于免疫抑制所致的口炎和粘膜炎;
(h)包括由炎症应答诱导或恶化的循环疾病在内的心血管病症,如局部缺血,动脉粥样硬化,外周血管病,血管成形术后的再狭窄,炎症性主动脉瘤,脉管炎,中风,脊髓损伤,充血性心力衰竭,出血性休克,局部缺血/再灌注损伤,蛛网膜下出血后血管痉挛,脑血管意外 后血管痉挛,胸膜炎,心包炎,以及糖尿病性心血管并发症;
(i)透析,包括由于腹膜透析造成的心包炎;
(j)痛风;和
(k)由于烧伤、酸、碱等造成的化学性或热创伤。
特别有价值与功效的是使用本发明化合物限制由于血管形成术或throbolysis引起的局部缺血/再灌注损伤的炎症应答。还特别有价值与功效的是使用本发明化合物限制由于器官、组织或细胞移植,即将同种或异种组织移植到哺乳动物接受者体内引起的炎症应答,自身免疫疾病和由于循环疾病及其治疗,包括血管成形术、支架放置、分路放置(shunt placement)或移植造成的炎症病症。意想不到的是,已经发现在炎症应答发作之后,例如在受治疗者受到能引起炎症应答的病变或创伤折磨之后施用一种或多种式(I)化合物是有效的。
包含配体结合受体部位的组织或细胞均可用于测定试验化合物对特定受体亚型的选择性、血液或其它生理液体内生物活性化合物的含量,或者可通过使治疗与受体部位活化有关疾病或病症的治疗剂与所述配体-受体复合物接触而用作鉴定该有效治疗剂用的工具,并且能测定配体的置换程度和/或治疗剂的结合程度,或对所述治疗剂的细胞应答(例如cAMP累积)。
包含配位体联合受体部位的组织或细胞可用于测量试验化合物对具体的受体亚型的选择性,血液或其它的生理性体液中生物活性化合物的数量,或可用作为鉴别供治疗与受体部位活化相关疾病或情况的潜在性治疗剂的工具,通过将上述的药剂与上述的配位体-受体络合物接触,并测量配位体和/或结合药剂的转移程度,或上述药剂的细胞反应(例如,cAMP累积)。
对于基团、取代基和范围而言,下面所给出的具体及优选含义仅为举例说明性的;它们不排除其它定义含义或基团与取代基定义范围内的其它含义。
特别地,(C1-C8)烷基可以是甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,丁基,异丁基,仲丁基,戊基,3-戊基,己基,庚基,辛基等。如本文所用,术语“(C1-C8)烷氧基”可以是甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,丁氧基,异-丁氧基,仲丁氧基,戊氧基,3-戊氧基,己氧基,1-甲基己氧基,庚氧基等。
如本文所用,术语“环烷基”可以是双环烷基(降冰片基(norbornyl),2.2.2-双环辛基,等)和三环基(金刚烷基(adamantyl),等),任选地包括1-2个N,O或S。环烷基还包括(环烷基)烷基。因此,(C3-C6)环烷基可以是环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基等。特别地,(C6-C12)双环烷基包括降冰片基,2.2.2-双环辛基等。
如本文所用,术语“(C1-C8)烷氧基”可以是甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,丁氧基,异丁氧基,仲丁氧基,戊氧基,3-戊氧基,己氧基;等。
如本文所用,术语“(C2-C6)烯基”可以是乙烯基,烯丙基,1-丙烯基,2-丙烯基,1-丁烯基,2-丁烯基,3-正丁烯基,1-戊烯基,2-戊烯基,3-戊烯基,4-戊烯基,1-己烯基,2-己烯基,3-己烯基,4-己烯基,5-己烯基,等。
如本文所用,术语“(C2-C6)炔基”可以是乙炔基,1-丙炔基,2-丙炔基,1-丁炔基,2-丁炔基,3-丁炔基,1-戊炔基,2-戊炔基,3-戊炔基,4-戊炔基,1-己炔基,2-己炔基,3-己炔基,4-己炔基,5-己炔基,等。
如本文所用,术语“(C1-C8)烷酰基”可以是乙酰基,丙酰基,丁酰基,等。
如本文所用,术语“卤素(C1-C8)烷基”可以是碘甲基,溴甲基,氯甲基,氟甲基,三氟甲基,2-氯乙基,2-氟乙基,2,2,2-三氟乙基,戊氟乙基,等。
如本文所用,术语“羟基(C1-C6)烷基”可以+是羟甲基,1-羟乙基,2-羟乙基,1-羟丙基,2-羟丙基,3-羟丙基,1-羟丁基,4-羟丁基,1-羟戊基,5-羟戊基,1-羟己基,6-羟己基,等。
如本文,术语“(C1-C8)烷硫基”可以是甲硫基,乙硫基,丙硫基,异丙硫基,丁硫基,异丁硫基,戊硫基,己硫基,等。
如本文所用,术语“芳基”包括苯基,茚基,茚满基,萘基,等。另外,芳基包括具有大约九至十个环原子邻位稠合双环碳环基,其中至少一个环是芳香环。术语“芳基”可以包括由含有大约8-10个环原子的邻位稠合双杂环衍生得到的基团,特别是苯并衍生物或通过向其上稠合丙烯,三亚甲基或四亚甲基二价基得到的衍生物。
如本文所用,术语“杂芳基”可以是由由碳和和1,2,3,或4个分 别选自非过氧形式氧、硫和N(Y),其中Y不存在或为H,O,(C1-C8)烷基,苯基或苯甲基的杂原子组成的包含五或六个环原子组成的单芳环。杂芳基团的非限制性实例包括呋喃基,咪唑基,三唑基,三嗪基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,吡唑基,吡咯基,吡嗪基,四唑基,吡啶基,(或其N-氧化物),噻吩基,嘧啶基(或其N-氧化物),吲哚基,异喹啉基(或其N-氧化物),喹啉基(或其N-氧化物)等。术语“杂芳基”可以包括由含有大约8-10个环原子的邻位稠合双杂环衍生得到的基团,特别是苯并衍生物或通过向其上稠合丙烯,三亚甲基或四亚甲基二价基得到的衍生物。杂芳基的实例可以是呋喃基,咪唑基,三唑基,三嗪基,噁唑基,异噁唑基,噻唑基,异噻唑基,pyraxolyl,吡咯基,吡嗪基,四唑基,吡啶基(或其N-氧化物),噻吩基,嘧啶基(或其N-氧化物),吲哚基,异喹啉基(或其N-氧化物),喹啉基(或其N-氧化物),等。
等。
术语“杂环”通常表示具有3至大约10个环原子的非芳香杂环基团,其可以是饱和或部分不饱和的,含有至少一个(例如,1,2,或3个)选自氧,氮,和硫的杂原子。具体的,“杂环”基团包括含有一个或多个选自氧,氮,和硫的杂原子的单环,双环,或三环的基团。“杂环”基团还可以包括一个或多个与环原子连接的桥氧基(=O)。杂环基团的非-限制性实例包括1,3-二氧戊环,1,4-二氧杂环乙烷,1,4-二噻烷,2H-吡喃,2-吡唑啉,4H-吡喃,苯并二氢吡喃基,咪唑烷基,咪唑啉基,二氢吲哚基,异苯并二氢吡喃基,异二氢吲哚基,吗啉,哌嗪基(piperazinyl),哌啶,哌啶基,吡唑烷,吡唑烷基,吡唑啉基,吡咯烷,吡咯啉,奎宁环(quinuelidine),硫吗啉,等。
术语“亚烷基”指二价的直链或支链烃链(例如乙烯-CH2-CH2 -)。
术语“芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基”例如包括苯甲基,苯乙基,萘甲基等。
以该部分中指定碳原子最小和最大数目的前缀来表示各种含有烃 的部分的碳原子的含量,即,前缀Ci-Cj表示包括整数“i”至整数“j”的碳原子部分。因此,例如,(C1-C8)烷基指包括一个至八个碳原子的烷基。
本发明的化合物通常根据IUPAC或CAS命名系统命名。可使用本领域普通技术人员所熟知的缩写。(例如,“Ph”指苯基,“Me”指甲基,“Et”指乙基,“h”指小时或数小时和“rt”指室温)。
R1一个具体的含义是氢,-OH,卤素,-CH2OH,-OMe,-OAc,-NH2,-NHMe,-NMe2或-NHAc。
R1另一个具体的含义是氢,-OH,-F,-OMe,-OAc,-NH2,-NHMe,-NMe2或-NHAc。
R1另一个具体的含义是氢,-OH,-F,-OMe,或-NH2。
R1另一个具体的含义是氢,-OH,-F,或-NH2。
R1一个更具体的含义是氢或-OH。
R2一个具体的含义是氢,卤素,或(C1-C8)烷基,环丙基,环己基或苯甲基。
R2另一个具体的含义是是氢,-F,甲基,乙基或丙基。
R2另一个具体的含义是是氢或甲基。
R2一个更具体的含义是氢。
R1,R2和它们连接的碳原子一个具体的含义是羰基(C=O)。
R3一个具体的含义是是氢,OH,OMe,OAc,NH2,NHMe,NMe2 或NHAc。
R3另一个具体的含义是氢,OH,OMe,或NH2。
R3另一个具体的含义是氢,OH,或NH2。
R3一个更具体的含义是氢或OH。
包含R4,R5和它们连接原子的环的一个具体的含义是环戊烷,环己烷,哌啶,二氢吡啶,四氢吡啶,吡啶,哌嗪,萘烷(decalin),四氢吡嗪,二氢吡嗪,吡嗪,二氢嘧啶,四氢嘧啶,六氢嘧啶,吡嗪,咪唑,二氢咪唑,咪唑烷(imidazolidine),吡唑,二氢吡唑,和吡唑烷。
包含R4,R5和它们连接原子的环的一个更具体的含义是环己烷,哌啶或哌嗪。
R6一个具体的含义是(C1-C8)烷基,取代的(C1-C8)烷基,卤素,-ORa,-CO2Ra,-OCO2Ra,-C(=O)Ra,-OC(=O)Ra,-NRaRb, -C(=O)NRaRb,-OC(=O)NRaRb,或芳基。
R6另一个具体的含义是(C1-C4)烷基,氯,氟,苯基,-ORa,-CH2ORa,-CO2Ra,-CH2CO2Ra,-OCO2Ra,-CH2OCO2Ra,-C(=O)Ra,-CH2C(=O)Ra,-OC(=O)Ra,-CH2OC(=O)Ra,-NRaRb,-CH2NRaRb,-C(=O)NRaRb,-CH2C(=O)NRaRb,-OC(=O)NRaRb,或-CH2OC(=O)NRaRb。
R6另一个具体的含义是OH,OMe,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,-CH2OH,苯基,-OAc,-CH2OAc,-CO2H,-CO2Me,-CO2Et,-CO2i-Pr,-CO2i-Bu,-CO2t-Bu,-OCO2Me,-OCO2Et,-C(=O)CH3,-CONH2,-CONHMe,-CONMe2,-CONMeEt,-NH2,-NHMe,-NMe2,-NHEt,-N(Et)2,或-CH2N(CH3)2。
R6另一个具体的含义是OH,OMe,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,-CH2OH,苯基,-OAc,-CH2OAc,-CO2Me,-CO2Et,-CO2i-Pr,-CO2i-Bu,-CO2t-Bu,-OCO2Me,-OCO2Et,-CONMe2,-CONMeEt。
在Z环上取代的R6基团具体的值是从1至大约4的整数。
Ra一个具体的含义是氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,苯基或苯甲基。
Rb一个具体的含义是氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,苯基或苯甲基。
Ra另一个具体的含义是氢,甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基和Rb是氢,或甲基。
Ra和Rb与它们连接的氮的另一个具体的含义是形成吡咯烷子基,哌啶子基,吗啉代,或硫吗啉代环。
Ra和Rb与它们连接的氮的另一个具体的含义是形成吡咯烷子基,哌啶子基,或吗啉代环。
R7一个具体的含义是氢,(C1-C4)烷基,芳基,芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,二芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,杂芳基(C1-C8)亚烷基,或二杂芳基(C1 -C8)亚烷基。
R7另一个具体的含义是氢,甲基,乙基,3-戊基,苯CH2CH2-,(苯)2CHCH2-,吡啶CH2-,苯甲基,或
R7更具体的一个含义是H。
-N(R7)2另一个具体的含义是氨基(NH2),3-戊氨基,二苯乙氨基,吡啶甲基氨基,苯甲氨基,或具有下式的基团:
-N(R7)2另一个具体的含义是氨基,二苯乙氨基,戊氨基或苯甲氨基。
-N(R7)2更具体的一个含义是氨基。
X一个具体的含义是-CH2ORe,-CO2Re,-CH2OC(O)Re,-C(O)NReRf,或-CH2N(Re)(Rf)。
X另一个具体的含义是-CH2ORe或-C(O)NReRf。
X另一个具体的含义是
X另一个具体的含义是
X另一个具体的含义是
R8一个具体的含义是甲基,乙基,异丙基,异丙烯基,-CH=CH2,CH2OH,丙基,-CH2-CH=CH2,-CH=CH-CH3,环丙基,环丙烯基,环丙甲基,环丙烯基甲基,环丁基,环丁烯基,-(CH2)Y(CH2)nH,-(CH2)nCOOCH3,-(CH2)nCO(CH2)nH,其中Y是O,S,N(CH2)n。
R8另一个具体的含义是(C1-C3)烷基,CH2OH,环丙基,环丁基,环丙甲基,-(CH2)2CO2CH3,-(CH2)2-3OH,-(CH2)2卤素。
R8更具体的一个含义是甲基,乙基,丙基,2-丙烯基,环丙基,环丁基,环丙甲基,-(CH2)2CO2CH3,-(CH2)2-3OH
R8更具体的一个含义是甲基,乙基,环丙基。
Re一个具体的含义是环丙基,或环丁基。
Re一个具体的含义是环丙基。
Re一个具体的含义是环丁基。
Rf一个具体的含义是氢,或(C1-C8)烷基。
Rf另一个具体的含义是氢,甲基,乙基,或丙基。
Rf另一个具体的含义是氢,或甲基。
Rf另一个具体的含义是氢。
i一个具体的含义是1。
i另一个具体的含义是2。
j一个具体的含义是1。
j另一个具体的含义是2。
m一个具体的含义是0,1,或2.
m更具体的一个含义是0,或1。
包含R4,R5和它们连接原子的环的具体实例包括:
其中q是1至14和Rd是氢,条件是当q是零而Rd不是氢。
包含R4,R5和它们连接原子的环的更具体的实例包括:
包含-C(R3)R4R5的环的一个具体的含义是2-甲基环己烷,2,2-二甲基环己烷,2-苯基环己烷,2-乙基环己烷,2,2-二乙基环己烷,2-叔丁基环己烷,3-甲基环己烷,3,3-二甲基环己烷,4-甲基环己烷,4-乙基环己烷,4-苯基环己烷,4-叔丁基环己烷,4-羧甲基环己烷,4-羧乙基环己烷,3,3,5,5-四甲基环己烷,2,4-二甲基环戊烷。4-环己烷羧酸,4-环己烷羧酸酯,或4-甲氧基烷酰基-环己烷。
包含-C(R3)R4R5的环一个具体的含义是4-哌啶,4-哌啶-1-羧酸,4-哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯,4-哌啶-1-羧酸乙酯,4-哌啶-1-羧酸丙酯,4-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯,1-哌啶,1-哌啶-4-羧酸甲酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸乙酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸丙酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸叔丁酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸甲酯,3-哌啶,3-哌啶-1-羧酸,3-哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯,3-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯,1,4-哌嗪,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸甲酯,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸乙酯,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸丙酯,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁酯,1,3-哌嗪,3-哌嗪-1-羧酸,3-哌嗪-1-羧酸甲酯,3-哌嗪-1-羧酸乙酯,3-哌嗪-1-羧酸丙酯,3-哌啶-1-羧酸叔-丁酯,1-哌啶-3羧酸甲酯,1-哌啶-3-羧酸乙酯,1-哌啶-3-羧酸丙酯或1-哌啶-3-羧酸叔-丁酯。
包含R4和R5的环一个具体的含义是2-甲基环己烷,2,2-二甲基环己烷,2-苯基环己烷,2-乙基环己烷,2,2-二乙基环己烷,2-叔丁基环己烷,3-甲基环己烷,3,3-二甲基环己烷,4-甲基环己烷,4 -乙基环己烷,4-苯基环己烷,4-叔丁基环己烷,4-羧甲基环己烷,4-羧乙基环己烷,3,3,5,5-四甲基环己烷,2,4-二甲基环戊烷,4-哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯,4-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯4-哌啶,4-哌嗪-1-羧酸甲酯,4-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸甲酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸叔丁酯,叔丁酯,1-哌啶-4-羧酸甲酯,或1-哌啶-4-羧酸叔丁酯,3-哌啶-1-羧酸甲酯,3-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯,3-哌啶,3-哌嗪-1-羧酸甲酯,3-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯,1-哌啶-3-羧酸甲酯,1-哌啶-3-羧酸叔-丁酯。
本发明的具体化合物包括式(IA)
式(IA)中n是0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,或18。在另一组具体的化合物中n是,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,或18。
本发明具体的化合物包括式(IB)
式(IB)中k是1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,或18。
本发明具体的化合物包括式(IC)
式(IC)中l是0,1,2,3,或4。
本发明其它具体的化合物包括
本发明另外的化合物在以下的表1中进行了描述:
表1
化合物 | R1 | R2 | Y | R6 |
101 | H | H | CH | CO2Me |
102 | H | H | CH | CO2Et |
103 | H | H | CH | CO2iPr |
104 | H | H | CH | CO2tBu |
105 | H | H | CH | CO2iBu |
106 | H | H | CH | CH2OH |
107 | H | H | CH | CH2OAc |
108 | H | H | N | CO2Me |
109 | H | H | N | CO2Et |
110 | H | H | N | CO2iPr |
111 | H | H | N | CO2tBu |
112 | H | H | N | CO2iBu |
[0231] 表2
化合物# | R6 |
201 | 2-CH3 |
202 | 3-CH3(R) |
203 | 3-CH3(S) |
204 | 3-Et(R) |
205 | 3-Et(S) |
206 | 4-Me |
207 | 4-Et |
208 | 4-Pr |
209 | 4-tBu |
210 | 4-苯基 |
[0234] 表3
化合物 | R8 | Z | Y | R6 |
301 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Me |
302 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Et |
303 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iPr |
304 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CO2tBu |
305 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iBu |
306 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OH |
307 | 甲基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OAc |
308 | 甲基 | Z1 | N | CO2Me |
309 | 甲基 | Z1 | N | CO2Et |
310 | 甲基 | Z1 | N | CO2iPr |
311 | 甲基 | Z1 | N | CO2tBu |
312 | 甲基 | Z1 | N | CO2iBu |
313 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Me |
314 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Et |
315 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iPr |
316 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2tBu |
317 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iBu |
318 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OH |
319 | 乙基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OAc |
320 | 乙基 | Z1 | N | CO2Me |
321 | 乙基 | Z1 | N | CO2Et |
322 | 乙基 | Z1 | N | CO2iPr |
[0237]
323 | 乙基 | Z1 | N | CO2tBu |
324 | 乙基 | Z1 | N | CO2iBu |
325 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Me |
326 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2Et |
327 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iPr |
328 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2tBu |
329 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CO2iBu |
330 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OH |
331 | 环丙基 | Z1 | CH | CH2OAc |
332 | 环丙基 | Z1 | N | CO2Me |
333 | 环丙基 | Z1 | N | CO2Et |
334 | 环丙基 | Z1 | N | CO2iPr |
335 | 环丙基 | Z1 | N | CO2tBu |
336 | 环丙基 | Z1 | N | CO2iBu |
337 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Me |
338 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Et |
339 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iPr |
340 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CO2tBu |
341 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iBu |
342 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OH |
343 | 甲基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OAc |
344 | 甲基 | Z2 | N | CO2Me |
345 | 甲基 | Z2 | N | CO2Et |
346 | 甲基 | Z2 | N | CO2iPr |
347 | 甲基 | Z2 | N | CO2tBu |
348 | 甲基 | Z2 | N | CO2iBu |
349 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Me |
350 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Et |
351 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iPr |
352 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2tBu |
353 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iBu |
[0238]
354 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OH |
355 | 乙基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OAc |
356 | 乙基 | Z2 | N | CO2Me |
357 | 乙基 | Z2 | N | CO2Et |
358 | 乙基 | Z2 | N | CO2iPr |
359 | 乙基 | Z2 | N | CO2tBu |
360 | 乙基 | Z2 | N | CO2iBu |
361 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Me |
362 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2Et |
363 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iPr |
364 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2tBu |
365 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CO2iBu |
366 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OH |
367 | 环丙基 | Z2 | CH | CH2OAc |
368 | 环丙基 | Z2 | N | CO2Me |
369 | 环丙基 | Z2 | N | CO2Et |
370 | 环丙基 | Z2 | N | CO2iPr |
371 | 环丙基 | Z2 | N | CO2tBu |
372 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Me |
373 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Et |
374 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iPr |
375 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CO2tBu |
376 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iBu |
377 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OH |
378 | 甲基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OAc |
379 | 甲基 | Z3 | N | CO2Me |
380 | 甲基 | Z3 | N | CO2Et |
381 | 甲基 | Z3 | N | CO2iPr |
382 | 甲基 | Z3 | N | CO2tBu |
383 | 甲基 | Z3 | N | CO2iBu |
384 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Me |
[0239]
385 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Et |
386 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iPr |
387 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2tBu |
388 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iBu |
389 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OH |
390 | 乙基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OAc |
391 | 乙基 | Z3 | N | CO2Me |
392 | 乙基 | Z3 | N | CO2Et |
393 | 乙基 | Z3 | N | CO2iPr |
394 | 乙基 | Z3 | N | CO2tBu |
395 | 乙基 | Z3 | N | CO2iBu |
396 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Me |
397 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2Et |
398 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iPr |
399 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2tBu |
400 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CO2iBu |
401 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OH |
402 | 环丙基 | Z3 | CH | CH2OAc |
403 | 环丙基 | Z3 | N | CO2Me |
404 | 环丙基 | Z3 | N | CO2Et |
405 | 环丙基 | Z3 | N | CO2iPr |
406 | 环丙基 | Z3 | N | CO2tBu |
407 | 环丙基 | Z3 | N | CO2iBu |
408 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Me |
409 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Et |
410 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iPr |
411 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CO2tBu |
412 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iBu |
413 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OH |
414 | 甲基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OAc |
415 | 甲基 | Z4 | N | CO2Me |
[0240]
416 | 甲基 | Z4 | N | CO2Et |
417 | 甲基 | Z4 | N | CO2iPr |
418 | 甲基 | Z4 | N | CO2tBu |
419 | 甲基 | Z4 | N | CO2iBu |
420 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Me |
421 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Et |
422 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iPr |
423 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2tBu |
424 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iBu |
425 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OH |
426 | 乙基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OAc |
427 | 乙基 | Z4 | N | CO2Me |
428 | 乙基 | Z4 | N | CO2Et |
429 | 乙基 | Z4 | N | CO2iPr |
430 | 乙基 | Z4 | N | CO2tBu |
431 | 乙基 | Z4 | N | CO2iBu |
432 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Me |
433 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2Et |
434 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iPr |
435 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2tBu |
436 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CO2iBu |
437 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OH |
438 | 环丙基 | Z4 | CH | CH2OAc |
439 | 环丙基 | Z4 | N | CO2Me |
440 | 环丙基 | Z4 | N | CO2Et |
441 | 环丙基 | Z4 | N | CO2iPr |
442 | 环丙基 | Z4 | N | CO2tBu |
443 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Me |
444 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Et |
445 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iPr |
446 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CO2tBu |
[0241]
447 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iBu |
448 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OH |
449 | 甲基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OAc |
450 | 甲基 | Z5 | N | CO2Me |
451 | 甲基 | Z5 | N | CO2Et |
452 | 甲基 | Z5 | N | CO2iPr |
453 | 甲基 | Z5 | N | CO2tBu |
454 | 甲基 | Z5 | N | CO2iBu |
455 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Me |
456 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Et |
457 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iPr |
458 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2tBu |
459 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iBu |
460 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OH |
461 | 乙基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OAc |
462 | 乙基 | Z5 | N | CO2Me |
463 | 乙基 | Z5 | N | CO2Et |
464 | 乙基 | Z5 | N | CO2iPr |
465 | 乙基 | Z5 | N | CO2tBu |
466 | 乙基 | Z5 | N | CO2iBu |
467 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Me |
468 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2Et |
469 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iPr |
470 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2tBu |
471 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CO2iBu |
472 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OH |
473 | 环丙基 | Z5 | CH | CH2OAc |
474 | 环丙基 | Z5 | N | CO2Me |
475 | 环丙基 | Z5 | N | CO2Et |
476 | 环丙基 | Z5 | N | CO2iPr |
477 | 环丙基 | Z5 | N | CO2tBu |
478 | 环丙基 | Z5 | N | CO2iBu |
[0242] 表4
化合物 | R8 | Z | R6 |
501 | 甲基 | Z1 | 2-CH3 |
502 | 甲基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(R) |
503 | 甲基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(S) |
504 | 甲基 | Z1 | 3-Et(R) |
505 | 甲基 | Z1 | 3-Et(S) |
506 | 甲基 | Z1 | 4-Me |
507 | 甲基 | Z1 | 4-Et |
508 | 甲基 | Z1 | 4-Pr |
509 | 甲基 | Z1 | 4-tBu |
510 | 甲基 | Z1 | 4-苯基 |
511 | 乙基 | Z1 | 2-CH3 |
512 | 乙基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(R) |
513 | 乙基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(S) |
514 | 乙基 | Z1 | 3-Et(R) |
515 | 乙基 | Z1 | 3-Et(S) |
516 | 乙基 | Z1 | 4-Me |
517 | 乙基 | Z1 | 4-Et |
518 | 乙基 | Z1 | 4-Pr |
519 | 乙基 | Z1 | 4-tBu |
520 | 乙基 | Z1 | 4-苯基 |
521 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 2-CH3 |
[0245]
522 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(R) |
523 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 3-CH3(S) |
524 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 3-Et(R) |
525 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 3-Et(S) |
526 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 4-Me |
527 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 4-Et |
528 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 4-Pr |
529 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 4-tBu |
530 | 环丙基 | Z1 | 4-苯基 |
531 | 甲基 | Z2 | 2-CH3 |
532 | 甲基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(R) |
533 | 甲基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(S) |
534 | 甲基 | Z2 | 3-Et(R) |
535 | 甲基 | Z2 | 3-Et(S) |
536 | 甲基 | Z2 | 4-Me |
537 | 甲基 | Z2 | 4-Et |
538 | 甲基 | Z2 | 4-Pr |
539 | 甲基 | Z2 | 4-tBu |
540 | 甲基 | Z2 | 4-苯基 |
541 | 乙基 | Z2 | 2-CH3 |
542 | 乙基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(R) |
543 | 乙基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(S) |
544 | 乙基 | Z2 | 3-Et(R) |
545 | 乙基 | Z2 | 3-Et(S) |
546 | 乙基 | Z2 | 4-Me |
547 | 乙基 | Z2 | 4-Et |
548 | 乙基 | Z2 | 4-Pr |
549 | 乙基 | Z2 | 4-tBu |
550 | 乙基 | Z2 | 4-苯基 |
551 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 2-CH3 |
552 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(R) |
[0246]
553 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 3-CH3(S) |
554 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 3-Et(R) |
555 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 3-Et(S) |
556 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 4-Me |
557 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 4-Et |
558 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 4-Pr |
559 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 4-tBu |
560 | 环丙基 | Z2 | 4-苯基 |
561 | 甲基 | Z3 | 2-CH3 |
562 | 甲基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(R) |
563 | 甲基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(S) |
564 | 甲基 | Z3 | 3-Et(R) |
565 | 甲基 | Z3 | 3-Et(S) |
566 | 甲基 | Z3 | 4-Me |
567 | 甲基 | Z3 | 4-Et |
568 | 甲基 | Z3 | 4-Pr |
569 | 甲基 | Z3 | 4-tBu |
570 | 甲基 | Z3 | 4-苯基 |
571 | 乙基 | Z3 | 2-CH3 |
572 | 乙基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(R) |
573 | 乙基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(S) |
574 | 乙基 | Z3 | 3-Et(R) |
575 | 乙基 | Z3 | 3-Et(S) |
576 | 乙基 | Z3 | 4-Me |
577 | 乙基 | Z3 | 4-Et |
578 | 乙基 | Z3 | 4-Pr |
579 | 乙基 | Z3 | 4-tBu |
580 | 乙基 | Z3 | 4-苯基 |
581 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 2-CH3 |
582 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(R) |
583 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 3-CH3(S) |
[0247]
584 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 3-Et(R) |
585 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 3-Et(S) |
586 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 4-Me |
587 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 4-Et |
588 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 4-Pr |
589 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 4-tBu |
590 | 环丙基 | Z3 | 4-苯基 |
591 | 甲基 | Z4 | 2-CH3 |
592 | 甲基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(R) |
593 | 甲基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(S) |
594 | 甲基 | Z4 | 3-Et(R) |
595 | 甲基 | Z4 | 3-Et(S) |
596 | 甲基 | Z4 | 4-Me |
597 | 甲基 | Z4 | 4-Et |
598 | 甲基 | Z4 | 4-Pr |
599 | 甲基 | Z4 | 4-tBu |
600 | 甲基 | Z4 | 4-苯基 |
601 | 乙基 | Z4 | 2-CH3 |
602 | 乙基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(R) |
603 | 乙基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(S) |
604 | 乙基 | Z4 | 3-Et(R) |
605 | 乙基 | Z4 | 3-Et(S) |
606 | 乙基 | Z4 | 4-Me |
607 | 乙基 | Z4 | 4-Et |
608 | 乙基 | Z4 | 4-Pr |
609 | 乙基 | Z4 | 4-tBu |
610 | 乙基 | Z4 | 4-苯基 |
611 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 2-CH3 |
612 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(R) |
613 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 3-CH3(S) |
614 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 3-Et(R) |
[0248]
615 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 3-Et(S) |
616 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 4-Me |
617 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 4-Et |
618 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 4-Pr |
619 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 4-tBu |
620 | 环丙基 | Z4 | 4-苯基 |
621 | 甲基 | Z5 | 2-CH3 |
622 | 甲基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(R) |
623 | 甲基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(S) |
624 | 甲基 | Z5 | 3-Et(R) |
625 | 甲基 | Z5 | 3-Et(S) |
626 | 甲基 | Z5 | 4-Me |
627 | 甲基 | Z5 | 4-Et |
628 | 甲基 | Z5 | 4-Pr |
629 | 甲基 | Z5 | 4-tBu |
630 | 甲基 | Z5 | 4-苯基 |
631 | 乙基 | Z5 | 2-CH3 |
632 | 乙基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(R) |
633 | 乙基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(S) |
634 | 乙基 | Z5 | 3-Et(R) |
635 | 乙基 | Z5 | 3-Et(S) |
636 | 乙基 | Z5 | 4-Me |
637 | 乙基 | Z5 | 4-Et |
638 | 乙基 | Z5 | 4-Pr |
639 | 乙基 | Z5 | 4-tBu |
640 | 乙基 | Z5 | 4-苯基 |
641 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 2-CH3 |
642 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(R) |
643 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 3-CH3(S) |
644 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 3-Et(R) |
645 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 3-Et(S) |
[0249]
646 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 4-Me |
647 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 4-Et |
648 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 4-Pr |
649 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 4-tBu |
650 | 环丙基 | Z5 | 4-苯基 |
本文使用以下缩写:
2-Aas 2-炔基腺苷;
125I-ABA N6-(4-氨基-3-125碘-苯甲基)腺苷
APCI 大气压化学电离
ATL146e 4-{3-[6-氨基-9-(5-乙基氨基甲酰-
3,4-二羟基-四氢-呋喃-2-基)-9H-
嘌呤-2-基]-丙(prop)-2-炔(ynyl)}环己
烷羧酸甲酯;
CCPA 2-氯-N6-环戊基腺苷;
CGS21680 2-[4-(2-羧乙基)苯乙基氨基]-5′-N-
乙基-羧酰胺基腺苷;
Cl-IB-MECA N6-3-碘-2-氯苯甲基腺苷-5′-N-甲
基糖醛酰胺(methyluronamide);
CPA N6-环戊基腺苷
DMF 二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
DMSO-d6 氘化的二甲基亚砜
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
eq 当量
GPCR G蛋白偶联受体;hA2AAR,重组人A2A腺苷
受体;
IADO 2-碘腺苷
125I-APE, 2-[2-(4-氨基-3-[125I]碘苯基)乙基氨
基]腺苷;
NECA,5′-N-乙基羧酰胺基腺苷;
IB-MECA N6-3-碘苯甲基腺苷-5′-N-甲基糖醛
酰胺;
2-碘腺苷 5-(6-氨基-2-碘-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-
二羟基四氢-呋喃-2羧酸乙酰胺
HPLC 高效液相色谱
HRMS 高分辨率质谱
I25I-ZM241385, I25I-4-(2-[7-氨基-2-[2-呋喃][1,2,4]
三唑[2,3-α][1,3,5]-三嗪-5基-氨基]乙
基)苯酚;
INECA 2-碘-N-乙基羧酰胺腺苷
LC/MS 液相色谱/质谱
m.p. 熔点
MHz 兆赫
MRS 1220, N-(9-氯-2-呋喃-2-基-[1,2,4]三唑
[1,5-c]-喹唑啉-5-基)-2-苯基乙酰
胺;
MS 质谱
NECA N-乙基羧酰胺腺苷
NMR 核磁共振
RP-HPLC 反相高效液相色谱
TBAF 叔丁基氟化铵
TBS 叔丁二甲基甲硅烷
TBDMSCl 叔丁二甲基甲硅烷氯化物
TEA 三乙胺
TFA 三氟醋酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层色谱
p-TSOH 对-甲苯磺酸
XAC 8-(4-((2-氨基乙基)氨基羰基-甲基氧基)
-苯基)-1-3-二丙基黄嘌呤;
在实践本发明时使用的具体IV型磷酸二酯酶(PDE)抑制剂具体的包括下式的外消旋和光学活性的4-(聚烷氧基苯基)-2-吡咯烷酮:
其中R′,R18,R19和X如美国专利号4,193,926所公开和描述。咯利普兰是包括在上式内适宜的IV型PDE抑制剂的实例。
在实践本发明时使用的另外PDE IV抑制剂的非限制性实例包括但不局限于具有下式的化合物及其变体。
本发明更进一步地提供了包括式(I)化合物与一种或多种选自以下组的成员相结合的药物组合物:(a)白细胞三烯生物合成的抑制剂,5-脂氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂,和5-脂氧化酶活化蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂,选自齐留通;ABT-761;芬留顿;替泊沙林;Abbott-79175;Abbott-85761;式(5.2.8)的N-(5-取代)-噻吩-2-烷基磺酰胺;式(5.2.10)的2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚腙;式(5.2.11)的ZD-2138;式(5.2.12)的SB-210661;嘧啶-取代2-氰基萘化合物L-739,010;2-氰基喹啉化合物L-746,530;吲哚和喹啉化合物MK-591,MK-886,和BAY x1005;(b)白细胞三烯LTB4,LTC4,LTD4,和LTE4受体拮抗剂,选自酚噻嗪-3-酮化合物的L-651,392;脒基化合物CGS-25019c;苯噁唑化合物昂唑司特;苯碳二亚胺(benzenecarboximidamide)化合物BIIL284/260;化合物扎鲁司特,阿鲁司特,孟鲁司特,普仑司特,维鲁司特(MK-679),RG-12525,Ro-245913,伊拉司特(CGP 45715a),和BAY x 7195;(d)5-脂氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂;和5-脂氧化酶活化蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂;(e)5-脂氧化酶(5-LO)双重抑制剂和血小板活化因子拮抗剂(PAF);(f)茶碱和氨茶碱;(g)COX-I抑制剂(NSAIDs);和氮氧化物NSAIDs;(h)COX-2选择性抑制剂罗非考昔;(I)具有较减小的全身副作用的吸入性糖皮质激素,选自强的松,强的松龙,氟尼缩松,羟氢化泼尼松缩丙酮;二丙酸氯地米松,布地奈德,丙酸氟替卡松,和莫米松糠酸酯;(j)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;(k)对抗内源炎症性实体的单克隆活性抗体;(l)抗-肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)药,选自依那西普,英夫利昔单抗,和D2E7;(m)粘附分子抑制剂包括VLA-4拮抗剂;(n)免疫抑制剂选自环孢霉素,硫唑嘌呤,和氨甲喋呤;或(o)抗痛风药剂选自秋水仙碱。
本发明的化合物通常可按以下流程图IA和IB所说明的进行制备。可以通过这些流程图中所述过程制备起始物料,在以下一般方法中所述的过程和通过这些过程进行制备对于有机化学领域的普通技术人员来说是熟知的。流程图IA和流程图IB中使用的变量如本文和权利要求书中所定义。
流程图IA举例性地说明了炔基环烷醇的制备。在溶剂例如THF中制备适当的环烷酮的溶液(其中j为0-5)。将在溶剂中的适宜的乙炔卤化镁物溶液加至环烷酮中。加入后,在大约20℃下搅拌溶液大约20小 时。通过TLC监控反应直至起始物料消耗完。用水将反应淬灭,通过砂和二氧化硅的管塞过滤,使用溶剂,例如EtOAc洗涤,并蒸发得到产物。典型地,通过在轴向/赤道向将炔(其中m如上述所定义,和m1和m2的总和为0至大约7)加成至酮而形成形成二次产物,异构体。化合物通过快速色谱使用EtOAc/己烷进行纯化得到产物。
流程图IA
炔烃前体合成的一般路线
流程图IB举例性地说明了炔基腺苷的制备。在氮气下用5-(6-氨基-2-碘-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-羧酸乙胺(NECA2-碘腺苷)和溶剂例如DMF填充火焰-干燥的圆底烧瓶。将其中R是-(CR1R2)mZ基团的适宜的炔烃溶解在乙腈中,随后溶解TEA,5摩尔%Pd(PPh3)4,和CuI。将所有的溶剂完全脱气。
将溶液在室温下搅拌大约24小时,并通过HPLC进行监控直至完成。如果在此时间后该反应没有完成,加入另外的催化剂,CuI和TEA。在反应完成后,在高真空下除去溶剂并将残留物溶解于于少量DMF中。使用制备二氧化硅硅石TLC分离产物。通过RP-HPLC纯化产物。
流程图IB
药学上可接受的的实例为与能形成生理上可接受阴离子的酸形成的有机酸加成盐,例如甲苯磺酸盐,甲磺酸盐,马来酸盐,乙酸盐,柠檬酸盐,丙二酸盐,酒石酸盐,琥珀酸盐,苯甲酸盐,抗坏血酸盐,α-酮戊二酸盐和α-甘油磷酸盐。也可以形成适宜的无机盐,包括盐酸盐,硫酸盐,硝酸盐,碳酸氢盐和碳酸盐。
药学上可接受的盐可采用本领域公知的常规方法获得,例如使具有足够强碱性的化合物如胺与能提供生理上可接受的阴离子的合适酸反应。还可以制得羧酸的碱金属(例如钠,钾或锂)或碱土金属(例如钙)盐。
式I化合物可以配制成药物组合物,并能以适合所选施用途径,即口服或肠胃外,静脉内,肌内,局部或皮下途径的各种不同形式施于哺乳动物宿主,例如人类患者。
因此,本发明化合物可以与药学上可接受的赋形剂如惰性稀释剂或可同化食用的载体一起全身施用,例如口服。它们可以包封在硬或软壳明胶胶囊内,可以压制成片剂,或者可以直接掺入到患者食物中。对于口服治疗施用,活性化合物可以与一种或多种赋形剂混合,以可摄取的片剂、口腔片、锭剂、胶囊剂、酏剂、悬浮剂、糖浆剂、圆片剂等形式使用。这类组合物及制剂应当含有至少0.1%活性化合物。组合物及制剂中的上述百分含量当然是可变的,并且对于给定的单元剂量形式宜为约2-约60%重量。活性化合物在这些治疗用组合物中的含量应能达到有效剂量水平。
片剂、锭剂、丸剂、胶囊剂等制剂中还可以含有下列成分:粘合剂如黄耆胶,阿拉伯胶,玉米淀粉或明胶;赋形剂如磷酸二钙;崩解剂如玉米淀粉,马铃薯淀粉,藻酸等;润滑剂如硬脂酸镁;以及甜味 剂如蔗糖,果糖,乳糖或天冬甜素或调味剂如薄荷,冬青油,或者可以加入樱桃香精。当单元剂量形式为胶囊时,除上述种类物质外,它还可以含有液体载体,如植物油或聚乙二醇。多种其它物质可以以包衣的形式存在,或者用来改进固体单元剂量形式的物理形式。例如,片剂、丸剂或胶囊剂可以用明胶、蜡、虫胶或糖等包衣。糖浆剂或酏剂可以包含活性化合物、甜味剂蔗糖或果糖、防腐剂对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或丙酯,染料和调味剂如樱桃或甜橙香精。当然,制备不同单元剂量形式所用的任何材料都应当是药学上可接受,并且在使用剂量下基本上无毒。另外,活性化合物还可以掺入到持续释放制剂与装置中。
活性化合物也可以通过输注或注射方式静脉内或腹膜内给药。活性化合物或其盐的溶液可以在水中任选地与无毒表面活性剂混合而制备。分散液亦可以在甘油、液态聚乙二醇、甘油三乙酸酯、及其混合物以及在油中制备。在正常的贮存与使用条件下,这些制剂含有防腐剂以防止微生物生长。
适于注射或输注的药物剂型可以包括无菌水溶液或分散液或包含活性成分的无菌粉末,这种粉末适于临时配制成注射或输注溶液或分散液,并且上述剂型任选地包封在脂质体内。就所有这类剂型而言,最终剂型在生产与贮存条件下必须是无菌、液态和稳定的。液体载体或赋形剂可以是溶剂或包括例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、液态聚乙二醇等)、植物油、无毒甘油酯、以及它们的适当混合物的液体分散介质。通过例如形成脂质体、在分散液情况下维持所需粒度或使用表面活性剂,可以保持适当流动性。使用各种不同的抗菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如对羟苯甲酸酯类、氯丁醇、苯酚、抗坏血酸、硫柳汞等,能够产生抑微生物作用。在许多情况下,这些剂型优选包含有等渗剂,例如糖,缓冲剂或氯化钠。通过在组合物中使用延迟吸收剂例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶可以产生延长注射组合物吸收的作用。
无菌注射液的制备包括在合适溶剂中混合需要量的活性化合物与上文所列举的其它各种成分(按需选择),随后无菌过滤。在制备无菌注射液用的无菌粉末情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冻干技术,从而产生包含活性成分和所述无菌过滤溶液中存在的任何其它所需成分的粉末。
对于局部施用,本发明化合物可以以纯净形式使用,即在它们为 液体的情形下。但通常最好是将它们与皮肤可接受的载体一起配制成组合物或制剂形式施用于皮肤,这些组合物或制剂可以是固体,液体或皮肤贴剂的形式。
有益的固体载体包括微细分散固体如滑石、粘土、微晶纤维素、硅胶、氧化铝等。有益的液体载体包括水、醇或二醇类或水-醇/二醇共混物,其中任选地借助无毒表面活性剂来溶解或分散有效量的本发明化合物。对于给定用途,可以加入诸如香料和其它抗菌剂之类佐剂以优化它们的性质。所制液体组合物可以借助吸收垫施用,用于浸渍绷带和其它敷料,或用泵型或气雾剂喷雾器喷雾到损伤区。
为了直接施用于用者的皮肤上,还可以使用增稠剂,如合成聚合物、脂肪酸、脂肪酸盐与酯,脂肪醇、改性纤维素或改性无机材料与液体载体一起形成可铺展的糊剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、皂液等形式。
可以用于将式I的化合物递送至皮肤的有益的皮肤用组合物的实例公开于Jacquet等人(U.S.Pat.No.4,608,392),Geria(U.S.Pat.No.4,992,478),Smith等人(U.S.Pat.No.4,559,157)和Wortzman(U.S.Pat.No.4,820,508)。
式I化合物的有效剂量可以通过在动物模型中比较它们的体外活性与体内活性来测定。根据在小鼠和其它动物中的有效剂量外推适合人的有效剂量的方法是本领域已知的,参见U.S.Pat.No.4,938,949。IV型PDE抑制剂的有效剂量也是本领域已知的,例如,参见U.S.Pat.No.5,877,180,CoL 12。
一般来讲,式(I)化合物在液体组合物如洗剂中的浓度为约0.1-25%wt-%,优选约0.5-10wt-%。在半固体或固体组合物如凝胶或粉末中的浓度为约0.1-5wt-%,优选约0.5-2.5wt-%。
化合物、或其活性盐或衍生物的治疗需要量不仅随所选择的具体盐而变化,而且还随施用途径、所治疗疾病的严重程度以及患者的年龄与健康状况而变化,并且最终由主治医师或临床医师决定。
但一般来讲,适宜剂量为每天每千克体重约0.5-约100μg,例如约10-约75μg(比如3-约50μg),优选6-90μg,最优选15-60μg/kg/天。
本发明化合物能够以单元剂量形式方便地施用;例如,每单元剂量形式含5-1000μg,适宜含10-750μg,最适宜含50-500μg的活性成分。
理想的情形是,施用活性成分应当达到约0.1-约10nM活性化合 物的峰血浆浓度,优选约0.2-10nM,最优选约0.5-约5nM。这可以通过例如静脉注射0.05-5%活性成分溶液,任选溶在生理盐水中,或口服施用含约1-100μg活性成分的药团实现。所需血药水平可通过以约0.01-5.0μg/kg/hr速率连续输注维持或由含约0.4-15μg/kg活性成分的间歇性输注液维持。
所需剂量可以很方便地以单剂量或以适当时间间隔施用的分剂量,例如每天两个、三个、四个或更多个小剂量的形式提供。小剂量本身还可以进一步细分成多个松散间隔开的不连续施用形式,例如吹入器的多次吸入或将多滴滴剂滴入眼内。例如,最好在能引起炎症的损伤之后静脉延续施用本发明组合物一段时期。
本发明给定的化合物作为A2A腺苷受体激动剂(或拮抗剂)的能力可以利用本领域公知的药理学模型或使用下述试验测定。
本发明的化合物和含有它们的组合物可以作为药理学应激物施用并可与任何一种非侵入性诊断方法联合使用以测定心肌灌注的状况。例如,可将静脉注射腺苷与铊-201心肌灌注成像联合使用以评价心肌缺血的严重程度。在这种情况下,任何一种不同的放射性药物可用于代替铊-201(例如,锝-99m-标记的放射性药物(即:Tc-99m-sestamibi,Tc-99m-teboroxime),碘-123-标记的放射性药物例如I-123-IPPA或BMIPP,铷-82,氮-13,等)。相似的,本发明的化合物可以作为药理学应激物与放射性核素心室造影术联合施用以评价心肌收缩功能障碍的严重程度。在这种情况下,放射性核素心室造影术研究可以是右和/或左心室的首次通过(first pass)或门控平衡(gated equilibrium)研究。相似的,式(I)的化合物可以作为药理学应激物与超声心动描记术联合施用以评价局部室壁活动异常的存在。相似地,活性化合物可作为药理学应激物与冠状动脉血流的侵入性测量法例如通过心内导管联合施用以评价狭窄冠状血管的功能重要性。
该方法典型地包括以可有效提供冠状动脉扩张的剂量(大约0.25-500,优选1-250mcg/kg/min)通过静脉输注施用一种或多种式(I)的化合物。然而,在侵入定位(invasive setting)中包括以0.5-50mcg的推注剂量冠状动脉内施用药物。
优选的方法包括将作为exercise替代物的式(I)的化合物与心肌灌流成像联合使用以检测人冠状动脉病的存在和/或评价其严重程度的用 途,其中通过任何一种技术包括使用平面闪烁扫描术或单光子发射计算体层摄影术(SPECT),正电子发射层析成像(PET),核磁共振(NMR)成像,灌注对比超声心动描记术,数字式减影血管造影术(DSA),或超速X射线计算机断层术(CINE CT)的放射性药物心肌灌注成像来进行心肌灌注成象。
还提供了方法,包括将exercise替代物的式(I)的化合物与成像联合使用以检测人局部缺血心室功能障碍的存在和/或评价其严重程度的用途,其中通过任何一种成像技术包括超声心动描记术,对比剂心室造影法,或放射性核素心室造影术来测定局部缺血心室功能障碍。心肌功能障碍可以是冠状动脉病,心室功能障碍,通过无疾病的冠状血管和异常狭窄冠状血管血流量的不同等。
还提供了方法,包括将作为冠状充血药的式(I)的化合物与测定冠状动脉血流速率的方法联合使用以评价人冠状动脉的vasodilatory能力(贮备能力),其中通过任何一种技术包括多普勒流量导管(Dopplerflow catheter)或数字减影血管造影术测定冠状动脉血流速率。
将参考以下详细实施例对本发明做进一步描述,以下实施例用于解释本发明而不是限制本发明。
优选实施方案的描述
所有熔点使用Thomas Hoover毛细管法熔点装置进行测定并且没有进行校正。在300MHz GE分光光度计记录质子核磁共振波谱(1HNMR)。相对于四甲基硅烷的化学位移值以ppm(百万分之一)表示。对于数据报告,s=单峰,d=双峰,t=三重峰,q=四重峰,m=多重峰。在Finnigan LcQ Classic上进行质谱测定。通过质谱Nebraska中心提供高分辨率质谱(HRMS)数据。在室温通过操作配有Waters Symmetry C8(2.1×150mm)柱的Waters 2690 SeparationModule进行分析HPLC。使用含有0.5%醋酸的70∶30的乙腈∶水以200μL/min洗脱化合物,使用Waters 486 Tunable Detector在214nm进行UV测定。在室温通过操作具有Shim-pack VP-ODS C18(20×100mm)柱的Shimadzu Discovery HPLC进行制备HPLC。在15分钟内使用20-80%的水(含有0.1%TFA)至甲醇以30mL/min对化合物进行梯度洗脱,在214nm使用SPD10A VP Tunable detector进行UV测定。通过 HPLC测定这里提供的所有最终化合物的纯度大于98%。在Silicyle60A凝胶(230-400目)柱或使用由RT Scientific,Manchester NH获得的可重复使用的色谱柱和系统进行快速色谱。在Merck Kieselgel 60F254铝板上进行分析薄层色谱。使用1000微米Analtech Uniplate和硅胶进行制备薄层色谱。除非另外指明,所有反应在氮气氛下在火焰干燥的玻璃容器中进行。
一般方法1:制备炔基环己醇
向在50mL THF中的适当的环己酮的10mmol溶液中加入在THF中的60mL(30mmol)0.5M的乙炔溴化镁(ethynylmagnesiumbromide)。将溶液在20℃搅拌20小时,此时TLC表明所有起始物料消耗完。使用5ml水使反应淬灭,通过砂和二氧化硅的管塞进行过滤,使用EtOAc进行洗涤,蒸发得到黄色油状物,其在TLC w/20%EtOAc/己烷上含有两个斑点,使用香草醛使斑点显影。这两种产物通常是通过轴向/平展向将炔烃加成至酮形成的不同异构体。化合物通过快速色谱法使用10%EtOAc/己烷对化合物进行纯化,得到透明的油状物或白色固体,产率50-80%。
一般方法2:制备炔丙基哌啶(piperadine)和哌嗪
向在20ml乙腈中的适当的哌嗪或哌啶(piperadine)的10.0mmol溶液中加入12.0mmol炔丙基溴(在甲苯中80%稳定)和50.0mmol无水碳酸钾。将反应混合物过滤,蒸发至变干。将残留物溶解在50mL二氯甲烷/水中并除去有机层。水层使用另外3×25mL二氯甲烷洗涤。然后使用无水硫酸钠干燥有机层,过滤,浓缩得到粗制产物,使用柱色谱法对其进行纯化。
一般方法3:制备修饰的哌啶(piperadine)和哌嗪
分别向100mg适当的Boc-保护的哌嗪或哌啶(piperadine),JR3275/JR3255中加入2-4mL的纯TFA。将溶液搅拌6小时,减压除去TFA后得到黄色油状物。将该油状物溶解于10ml二氯甲烷中,向其中加入10倍过量的TEA和3当量的适当亲电子试剂。在室温将黄色溶液搅拌12小时,除去溶剂后,使用1.1×30cm 14g RTSI柱使用5%-30%的乙酸乙酯/己烷的梯度洗脱对产物进行纯化。
一般方法4:制备2-AAs(2-炔基腺苷)
在氮气下向火焰干燥(flame dried)的25mL圆底烧瓶中装入2-碘腺苷类似物(40mg)并溶解于2mL DMF中。然后加入适当的炔烃 (大约0.1mL),随后加入4mL乙腈和0.1mL TEA。使用氮气将全部三种溶剂脱气至少24小时。向该溶液中加入5摩尔%的Pd(PPh3)4和6摩尔%碘化铜(copper iodide)。将淡黄色溶液在室温搅拌24小时或通过HPLC检查反应完全。如果该反应此时还没有完成,则加入另外的催化剂CuI和TEA。反应完成后,高真空下除去溶剂并使用少量的DMF将红色/黑色残留物回收溶解。将该溶液加到制备二氧化硅TLC板上(Analtech 1000微米,20cm×20cm)并首先用120mL 40%己烷/CH2Cl2进行洗脱,然后再次加入40mL MeOH。收集该板中部的UV活性条带(active band)(通常为黄色),使用4×25mL 20%MeOH/CH2Cl2缓缓进行洗涤,浓缩。然后在使用无水乙醚研磨后通过RP-HPLC对产物进行纯化得到固体。
流程图1:制备5′酯类似物:
向冷却的在醇中的化合物1.1的溶液中加入大约5当量的冰冷却的亚硫酰氯。搅拌该溶液,大约12小时逐渐恢复到室温。然后真空逐阱(en vacuo)除去溶剂得到为白色固体的1.2。然后根据一般方法4处理该固体得到化合物1.3。
流程图2:制备5′酰胺类似物:
向冷却的在甲醇中的化合物1.1的溶液中加入大约5当量的冰冷却的亚硫酰氯。搅拌该溶液,大约12小时逐渐恢复到室温。然后真空逐阱(en vacuo)除去溶剂得到化合物1.2,在0℃将其溶解在适当的胺(NHR3Rb)中,搅拌几小时或直到反应完全。然后真空除去溶剂并通过结晶或色谱法使用甲醇和二氯甲烷的梯度洗脱将产物纯化,得到为白色固体的2.2。然后根据一般方法4处理该固体获得化合物2.3。
流程图3:制备4′三唑:
将水合肼(1当量)加入搅拌在无水DMF,HBTU(1当量)和DIEA(2.5当量)的的1.1(1当量)的溶液中,将该溶液搅拌大约24小时。在萃取后,将3.2分离。根据一般方法4处理3.2能够得到3.3,然后可将3.3溶于EtOH并使用乙基亚氨逐乙酸酯盐酸化物和TEA进行处理。回流大约16h在进行色谱和使用50%甲酸脱保护6小时后得到3.4。
流程图4:制备4′-1,2,4-噁二唑
将新戊酰氯加到冷却的在DCM和TEA的1.1溶液中,搅拌几小时。在分离和纯化后将氨气鼓入溶液中得到4.2。根据一般方法4处理4.2能够得到4.3,将其溶解于无水乙腈中,加入TEA和DMAP。小心地向冰冷却的溶液中加入POCl3。搅拌大约30分钟后,向溶液中加入DMF并将混合物加热大约24小时至95℃。纯化得到4.4,将其溶解在EtOH后向其中加入碳酸钾和盐酸羟胺。将该溶液回流大约24小时在纯化后得到4.5。使用适当的羧酸/酸酐对处理4.5在回流和使用50%甲酸脱保护后获得4.6。
流程图5:制备4′-1,3,4噁二唑
在0℃将新戊酰氯加到在THF和DIEA的1.1溶液中。在搅拌几个小时后,加入适当的酰肼并将混合物搅拌大约3天得到5.2。根据一般方法4处理该产物得到5.3,将其溶解于DMF,在0℃用POCl3处理几小时在纯化和使用50%甲酸脱保护后得到5.4
流程图6:制备4′-1,3噁唑
在0℃将新戊酰氯加到在THF和DIEA的1.1溶液中。在搅拌几个小时后,加入适当的1,2-羟胺并将混合物搅拌大约24小时得到6.2。根据一般方法4处理该产物得到6.3。将该产物溶解于DCM中,使用PDC, 分子筛和AcOH处理将醇转化为酮。然后在用POCl3处理并随后在50%甲酸中加热6小时后通过回流将该中间体转化为6.4。
流程图7:制备4′-1,3,4噻重氮
在0℃将新戊酰氯加到在THF和DIEA的1.1溶液中。在搅拌几个小时后,加入适当的酰肼并将混合物搅拌另外几小时得到7.2。根据一般方法4处理该产物得到7.3,将其溶解在乙腈中,在50℃使用Lawessons试剂对其进行处理大约1天,在纯化和使用50%甲酸脱保护6小时后得到7.4。
流程图8:制备4′-四唑
将新戊酰氯加到冷却的在DCM和TEA的1.1溶液中并搅拌几小时。在分离和纯化后将氨气鼓入溶液中得到4.2。然后将4.2溶解于无水乙腈中,加入TEA和DMAP。小心地向冰冷却的溶液中加入POCl3。搅拌大约30分钟后,向溶液中加入DMF并将混合物加热大约24小时至95℃。纯化得到4.4,向其中加入甲苯、叠氮三甲硅烷和氧化二丁基锡。将混合物加热大约15小时至60℃得到8.5。使用适当的烷基卤和碳酸钾处理8.5,在回流和使用50%甲酸脱保护6小时后得到8.6。
制备1:[4-(叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷氧基甲基)-环己基]-甲醇(83)。
向含有在DMF(40mL)中的79(4.0g,27.8mmol)的100ml烧瓶中加入TBDMSCl(3.56g,23.6mmol)和咪唑(3.79g,55.6mmol)。将反应在25℃搅拌16小时,此后加入饱和LiBr溶液(50mL),使用醚萃取该反应(2×50mL)。将醚层集中并再次用LiBr(2×35mL)进行萃取。醚层变透明。然后将醚层在真空浓缩,通过快速色谱法在硅胶柱上使用1∶2醚/石油醚进行洗脱来纯化产物,得到为均一油状物的83(3.80g,62%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.46(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.39(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),1.95-1.72(m,4H),1.65(m,1H),1.40(m,1H),1.03-0.89(m,4H),0.88(s,9H),0.04(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ69.2,69.1,41.2,41.1,29.5,26.5,18.9,-4.8;.APCI m/z(rel intensity)259(MH+,100)。
制备2:甲苯-4-磺酸4-(叔丁基-二甲基-硅烷氧基甲基)-环己基甲酯(84)。
向含有在CHCl3(30mL)中的83(3.4g,13.2mmol)的100ml烧瓶中加入甲苯磺酰氯(3.26g,17.1mmol)和吡啶(3.2mL,39.6mmol)。将反应在25℃搅拌14小时,此后将反应在真空浓缩得到湿的白色固体。向该固体中加入醚(50mL),将该固体过滤,随后用另外的醚(2×50mL) 洗涤。将醚层集中,真空浓缩得到透明油状物。通过快速色谱法在硅胶柱上使用1∶4醚/石油醚进行洗脱来纯化产物,得到为白色固体的84(4.5g,83%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ7.78(d,J=7.7,2H),7.33(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),3.81(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.37(d,J=6.2,2H),2.44(s,3H),1.95-1.72(m,4H),1.65(m,1H),1.40(m,1H),1.03-0.89(m,4H),0.88(s,9H),0.04(s,6H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ145.1,133.7,130.3,128.4,75.8,68.9,40.7,38.0,29.1,26.5,22.1,18.9,-4.9;APCI m/z(rel intensity)413(MH+,100)。
制备3:(4-丙-2-炔基-环己基)-甲醇(86)。
将配备有进气管和干冰冷凝器的250ml三颈烧瓶冷却到-78℃并装入液体氨(40mL)。向反应混合物中加入锂丝(600mg,86.4mmol)产生深蓝色溶液。将混合物搅拌1小时,将通过炭干燥管的乙炔加到氨中直到所有的锂反应,溶液变为无色,此时停止通入乙炔流,移去乙炔进气管和冷凝器并给烧瓶配备温度计。加入DMSO(20mL),使用温水浴蒸发氨直到混合物的温度达到30℃。在该温度将溶液搅拌2小时直到溶液停止产生气泡。将混合物冷却到5℃,加入在DMSO(10mL)中的化合物84(11.25g,27.3mmol)。将温度保持在5℃。将混合物在5℃搅拌0.5小时。然后将溶液逐渐加热至室温并搅拌另外18小时。将褐色/黑色混合物缓慢倾倒在冰上(300g)并用醚进行萃取,用无水硫酸钠进行干燥,真空浓缩得到黄色油状物。随后将该油状物溶解在THF(200mL)中,当加入TBAF水合物(11.20g,35.5mmol)时变为呈褐色(brownish color)。将溶液在N2气氛下搅拌24小时。搅拌后,用水(200mL)使反应淬灭并用醚(3×100mL)萃取。将醚萃取物合并并真空浓缩。通过色谱法在硅胶柱上使用1∶1醚/石油醚洗脱将粗制产物纯化得到为黄色油状物的86(3.91g,93%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.45(d,J= 6.2,2H),2.10(d,J=6.2,2H),1.9(s,1H),1.94-1.69(m,4H),1.52-1.34(m,2H),1.16-0.83(m,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ83.8,69.5,69.0,40.8,37.7,32.3,29.7,26.5。
制备4:(4-丙-2-炔基环己基)乙酸甲酯(87)。
向在6mL DMF中的960mg(6.31mmol)86的溶液中加入0.62mL(7.57mmol)吡啶和0.78mL(8.27mmol)乙酸酐。将反应在室温搅拌过夜。16小时后,起始物料仍有剩余。将反应混合物在75℃加热3小时。减压除去溶剂得到黄色油状物,通过快速色谱法在硅胶柱上使用1∶3醚/石油醚洗脱对其进行纯化得到为油状物的1.12g(91%)的87。1HNMR(CDCl3)δ3.87(d,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.06(d,J=4.3Hz,2H),2.03(s,3H),1.98-1.93(m,1H),1.92-1.83(m,2H),1.83-1.74(m,2H),1.63-1.36(m,2H),1.12-0.90(m,4H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ171.7,83.7,69.9,69.6,37.4,37.3,32.1,29.7,26.5,21.4;APCI m/z(rel intensity)195(M+,30),153(M+,70),135(M+,100)。
制备5:4-丙-2-炔基-环己烷羧酸(88)。
将在1.5M H2SO4(2.6mL,150mmol)中的三氧化铬(600mg,6.0mmol)溶液冷却至5℃,加入在丙酮(15mL)中的86(280mg,1.84mmol) 的溶液。将混合物加热至室温并搅拌过夜。将异丙醇(4mL)加到绿色/黑色的溶液中,1小时后溶液变为淡蓝色。加入水(15mL)后,用CHCl3 (6×25mL).萃取溶液。将有机层集中并真空浓缩得到白色固体。将该固体溶解在醚中(50mL)并用1M NaOH(2×30mL)萃取。将碱萃取物集中,用w/10%HCl酸化,用醚(3×30mL)再次萃取。将醚层合并,使用硫酸钠干燥,真空浓缩得到白色固体。将该产物由丙酮/水重结晶得到为白色针晶的88(222mg,73%):mp 84-85℃;1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.30-2.23(m,1H),2.17-2.11(m,2H),2.07-2.03(m,2H),1.97-1.91(m,3H),1.51-1.39(m,3H),1.13-1.01(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ182.5,83.8,69.6,40.7,37.7,32.3,29.6,26.5;APCI m/z(rel intensity)165(MH+,100)。
制备6:甲基-4-丙-2-炔基环己烷羧酸酯(89)。
向在7∶3CH2Cl2∶MeOH(10mL)中的88(240mg,1.45mmol)的溶液中加入0.2ml等分试样的TMS重氮甲烷(2.0M,在己烷中)(0.9mL,1.8mmol)直到颜色保持黄色。将反应在室温搅拌另外0.25小时。搅拌后,滴加冰醋酸直到溶液变成无色。将反应真空浓缩得到油状物,通过快速色谱法在硅胶柱上使用醚:石油醚(1∶9)洗脱来对其进行纯化得到为透明油状物的89(210mg,80%)。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.60(s,3H)32.25-2.13(m,1H),2.08-1.94(m,3H),1.95-1.90(m,2H),1.49-1.31(m,3H),1.10-0.93(m,2H);13C NMR(CDCl3)δ176.7,83.3,69.8,51.9,43.4,36.7,31.9,29.2,26.3;APCI m/z(rel intensity)181(MH+,100)。
制备7:反式[4-(1-炔丙基)环己基甲基]碳酸甲酯(90)。
产率:345mg,81%。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.98-1.07,1.40-1.52,1.57-1.70,1.78-1.93(4x m,10H,环己基),1.96(t,1H,乙炔),2.10(dd,2H,-C6H10CH2CCH),3.78(s,3H,-OCH3),3.96(d,-C6H10CH2O-)。
制备8:反式[4-(1-炔丙基)环己基甲基]碳酸异丁酯(91)。
产率:433mg,83%。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.95(d,4H,-OCH2CH(CH3)2),0.98-1.09,1.40-1.51,1.57-1.70,1.78-1.93(4xm,10H,环己基),1.94-2.04(m,1H,-OCH2CH(CH3)2),1.96(t,IH,乙炔),2.10(dd,2H,-C6H10CH2CCH),3.91,3.95(2x d,4H,-OCH2CH(CH3)2,-C6H10CH2O-)。
制备9:反式[4-(1-炔丙基)环己基甲基]碳酸苯甲基酯(92)。
产率:340mg,69%。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ0.97-1.08,1.40-1.49,1.55-1.69,1.77-1.93(4x m,1OH,环己基),1.96(t,1H,乙炔),2.10(dd,2H,-C6H10CH2CCH),3.98(d,-C6H10CH2O-),5.15(s,2H,-OCH2Ph),7.33-7.40(m,5H,Ar)。
制备10:4-(甲苯-4-磺酰氧基甲基)-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(JR3215)。
制备在50ml氯仿中的5.0g(23.2mmol)的N-Boc-4-哌啶甲醇溶液。加入在5.6ml吡啶(69.6mmol)中的5.75g(30.2mmol)甲苯磺酰氯。将溶液在氮气下搅拌24小时。进行常规检查和色谱纯化得到标题化合物。产率6.0g。
制备11:(R)-1-乙炔基-(R)-3-甲基-环己醇(JR3217A),(S)-1-乙炔基-(R)-3-甲基-环己醇(JR3217B)。
向在50mL THF中的1.0g(8.9mmol)(R)-(+)-3-甲基-环己酮的溶液中加入在THF中的54mL(26.7mmol)0.5M乙炔溴化镁。将溶液在20℃搅拌20小时。通过TLC分析表明起始物料已被消耗。使用5ml水使反应淬灭,通过砂和二氧化硅管塞过滤,使用EtOAc洗涤,蒸发得到1.15g含有两个斑点(r.f.′s 0.33(少量,JR3217A)和0.25(主要,JR3217B),20%EtOAc/己烷)的油状物,使用香草醛使两个斑点显影。通过快速色谱法使用10%EtOAc/己烷(225mL二氧化硅)将化合物纯化得到JR3217A和JR3217B。
制备12:1-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-2-羧酸甲基酯(JR3249)。
根据一般方法2由4.0g(22.3mmol)甲基pipecolinate盐酸化物起始制备标题化合物。
制备13:1-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-4-羧酸甲基酯(JR3245)。
向在100ml二氯甲烷中的3.5g(24.4mmol,3.30mL)异哌啶酸甲酯的溶液中加入TEA(1.5当量,36.6mmol,5.1mL),炔丙基溴(3.0当量,73.2mmol,6.5ml),室温反应36小时。使用35ml水使反应淬灭得到透明的溶液。使用二氯甲烷2×25mL萃取溶液,用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发溶剂得到黄色油状物。r.f.(40%EtOAc/己烷)0.26,使用香草醛显影为浅白色的点斑,起始物料r.f.0.05,使用香草醛显影为黄色点斑。萃取后,产物看上去没有杂质。
制备14:1-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-4-羧酸乙基酯(JR3271)。
根据一般方法2由2.0g(12.7mmol)异哌啶羧酸乙酯起始制备标题化合物。
制备15:4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(JR3275)。
向在60mL乙腈中的10.0g(54.8minol)叔丁基-1-哌嗪羧酸酯的溶液中加入5.20mL(60.4mmol)炔丙基溴和37.9g(274mmol)无水碳酸钾。在室温搅拌另外36小时后,加入另外1.5ml炔丙基溴。将残留物蒸发至变干。加入二氯甲烷50mL和水50mL。使用CH2Cl2,4×40mL 萃取反应混合物,在硫酸镁上干燥,蒸发得到褐色油状物。将油状物溶解在二氯甲烷中,通过RT Scientific系统使用己烷/醋酸乙酯梯度洗脱进行纯化得到5.5g(46%)黄色油状物,当静置时,其最终会结晶。制备16:4-氰甲基-哌嗪-1-羧酸乙酯(JR3287)。
向在25mL CH3CN中的3g(19.0mmol)乙基N-哌嗪羧酸酯的溶液中加入1.57g(1.32mL 20.1mmol)2-氯乙腈和15.6g(95mmol)K2CO3·11/2H2O。将混悬液在室温搅拌16小时。使用TLC(35%醋酸乙酯/己烷,产物r.f.0.38vs.s.m.r.f.of 0.02)对反应进行分析。分析表明反应完成。将金黄色的溶液蒸发至变干。使用CH2Cl2/H2O萃取残留物,用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。
制备17:1-环己基-4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪(JR4019)。
根据一般方法2由3g(17.9mmol)1-环己基哌嗪起始制备标题化合物。
制备18:1-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪(JR4029)。
在氮气下向火焰干燥的25mL圆底烧瓶中加入2.1g 4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-羧酸叔丁基酯。向该固体中以1mL一份加入5ml 98%TFA。溶液变为酒红色,产生气泡和冒烟。当这种活动降低时加入另外份的TFA。加入第三份TFA后,仅产生少量的气泡。氮气下室温将溶液搅拌另外一小时丙减压蒸发得到产物,为稠的红色糖浆。计算的定量产率为1.16g。将残留物在20mL二氯甲烷中混悬,没有做进一步纯化而直接用于制备化合物:JR4031,JR4033,和JR4035。
制备19:4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-羧酸甲酯(JR4031)。
根据一般方法3由385mg(3.1mmol)JR4029起始和使用氯甲酸甲酯制备标题化合物。
制备20:4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-羧酸异叔丁基酯(JR4035)。
根据一般方法3由385mg(3.1mmol)JR4029起始和使用氯甲酸异叔丁基酯制备标题化合物。
制备21:3,3-二甲基-1-(4-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-1-基)-丁(butan)-1-酮(JR4041)。
根据一般方法3由叔丁基酯起始和使用叔丁基乙酰氯制备标题化合物。
制备22:1-(4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-基)-乙酮(JR4043)。
根据一般方法3由385mg(3.1mmol)JR4029起始和使用乙酰氯制备标题化合物
使用本文描述的一般方法1和适宜的起始物料来制备以下的中间体化合物。
(R)-1-炔基-3-叔丁基-环己醇(JR3255A),(S)-1-炔基-3-叔丁基-环己醇(JR3255B)。
甲苯-4-磺酸4-丙-2-炔基-环己基甲酯(JR3077)。
1-乙基-4-丙-2-炔基-环己烷(JR3083)。
1-(4-丙-2-炔基-环己基)-乙酮(JR3115)。
1,1-二环己基-丙-2-炔基-1-醇(JR3127)。
1-环己基-丙-2-炔基-1-醇(JR3129)。
4-乙基-1-乙炔基-环己醇(JR3143)。
1-乙炔基-3-甲基-环己醇。
1-乙炔基-3,3,5,5-四甲基-环己醇(JR3151)。
1-乙炔基-4-苯基-环己醇(JR3153)。
1-乙炔基-2-甲基-环己醇(JR3167B)。
4-叔丁基-1-乙炔基-环己醇(JR3191)。
1-乙炔基-3,3-二甲基-环己醇(JR3193)。
4-羟甲基-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(JR3199)。
4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-羧酸乙基酯(JR3211)。
4-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(JR3257)。
4-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-1-羧酸乙基酯(JR3267B)。
2-(4-丙-2-炔基-哌嗪-1-基)-嘧啶(JR3277)。
1-(4-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-1-基)-乙酮(JR4037)。
2,2-二甲基-1-(4-丙-2-炔基-哌啶-1-基)-丙烷-1-酮(JR4039)。
实施例1:4-{3-[6-氨基-9-(5-环丙基氨基甲酰基-3,4-二羟基-四氢-呋喃-2-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-丙-2-炔基}-环己烷羧酸甲基酯
MS:m/z 499.3(M+H)+。
实施例2:4-{3-[6-氨基-9-(5-环丙基氨基甲酰基-3,4-二羟基-四氢-呋喃-2-基)-9H-嘌呤-2-基]-丙-2-炔基}-丙-2-炔基}-哌啶-1-羧酸甲基酯
MS:m/z 500.4(M+H)+。
实施例3:5-[6-氨基-2-(1-羟基-3-甲基-环己基乙炔)-嘌呤-9-基]-3,4-二羟基-四氢-呋喃-2-羧酸环丙酰胺
MS:m/z 457.4(M+H)+。
实施例4:5-(6-氨基-2-碘-嘌呤-9-基)-3,4-二羟基-四氢-呋喃-2-羧酸环丙酰胺
实施例5:细胞培养和膜制备
在50%N2/50%O2的气氛中在添加有10%胎牛血清,2.5μg/ml两性霉素B和50μg/ml庆大霉素的Grace′s培养基中培养sf9细胞。对于所使用的每种病毒以2.5×106细胞/mL的浓度通过两种的多重感染来进行病毒感染。在感染后第3天收集感染的细胞并用昆虫PBS(insect PBS)(PBS pH 6.3)洗涤两次。然后将细胞在溶胞缓冲液(20mM HEPESpH 7.5,150mM NaCl,3mM MgCl2,1mM β-巯基乙醇(BME),5μg/ml亮肽素,5μg/ml抑肽素A,1μg/ml抑肽酶,0.1mM PMSF)重新悬浮并立即冷冻,贮存于-80℃。将细胞在冰上解冻,使用溶胞缓冲液使其总体积达到30mL,并通过N2空化作用(600psi,20分钟)使细胞胀裂。低速离心以除去任何未溶解的细胞(1000xg,10分钟),随后进行高速离心(17,000xg,30分钟)。将由最终离心得到的团粒在含有20mMHEPES pH 8,100mM NaCl,1%甘油,2μg/ml亮肽素,2μg/ml抑肽素A,2μg/ml抑肽酶,0.1mM PMSF和10μM GDP的缓冲液中使用小型玻璃匀浆器随后通过26计量注射针匀化。将膜等分,在液体N2中立即冷冻,在-80℃贮存。按所述(Robeva等人,1996)由稳定表达人A1AR(CHO Kl细胞)或A3AR(HEK 293细胞)细胞制备膜。
实施例6:放射性配体结合试验
使用放射标记的激动剂125I-APE(Luthin等人,1995)或放射标记的拮抗剂125I-ZM241385(125I-ZM)将放射性配体结合于Sf9细胞膜的重组人A2A受体。为了测定高度亲和力,A1和A3AR的GTPγS-敏感状态,我们使用了激动剂125I-ABA(Linden等人,1985;Linden等人,1993)。使用在总体积为0.1ml HE缓冲液(20mM HEPES和1mM EDTA)中的5μg(A2A)或25μg(A1和A3)膜蛋白质与1U/mL腺苷脱氨酶和5mMMgCl2在含有或不含有50μM GTPγS的情况下将结合试验重复三次。室温在Millipore Multiscreen 96孔GF/C滤板中将膜与放射性配体一起温育3小时(激动剂)或2小时(拮抗剂),通过在细胞收集器(Brandel,Gaithersburg,MD)上进行快速过滤来终止试验,随后使用冰冷的10mM Tris-HCl,pH 7.4,10mM MgCl2在30秒内进行4×150μl洗涤。在50μM NECA的存在下测定了非特异性结合。按文献(Robeva等人,1996)所述使用0.5-1nM 125I-APE,125I-ZM241385或125I-ABA进行竞争性结合试验。我们发现为防止移液管尖端的有效疏水化合物的转移在每次连续稀释后更换移液管端有时是重要的。如以前文献所述(Linden,1982),竞争性化合物结合至单一部位的Ki值来源于放射性配体和竞争性化合物消耗校正的IC50值。
Linden J(1982)Calculating the Dissociation Constant of an Unlabeled Compound From the Concentration Required to DisplaceRadiolabel Binding by 50%.J Cycl Nucl Res 8:163-172。
Linden J,Patel A and Sadek S(1985)[125I]Aminobenzyladenosine,aNew Radioligand With Improved Specific Binding to Adenosine Receptorsin Heart.Circ Res 56:279-284。
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化学发光方法:可测量嗜中性粒细胞的氧化活性的鲁米诺增强化学发光取决于过氧化物的产生和颗粒酶髓过氧物酶的活动化。由通过活化嗜中性粒细胞所产生的不稳定的高能氧物质例如次氯酸和单线态氧释放光。
在含有或不含有rhTNF(10U/ml)的情况下将在含有0.1%人血清白蛋白(HA),腺苷脱氨酶(1U/mL)和咯利普兰(100nM)的Hanks平衡盐溶液中混悬的纯化的人嗜中性粒细胞(2×106/ml)r在水浴中温育(37℃)15分钟。温育后,将100L PMN等分试样转移至含有501HA和鲁米诺(最终浓度100M),含有或不含有腺苷激动剂(最终激动剂的浓度为0.01-1000nM)的孔(白色器壁清洁底部96孔组织培养板Costar#3670;2孔/条件)。将该板温育5分钟(37℃),然后向所有孔中加入fMLP(在HA中501;终浓度1M)。
以化学发光的方式通过Victor 1420 Multilabel Counter使用 Wallace Workstation软件来确定化学发光峰。在腺苷激动剂不存在的情况下峰化学发光的数据以活性百分数的形式提供。使用PRISM软件确定EC50。使用由三个不同供体获得的PMN测试所有的化合物。在表5中对结果进行了总结。
表5
A2A激动剂结合试验和选择性
化合物 | A1(nM) | A2A(nM) | A3(nM) | 功能 (nM)1 | 功能 +Roli(nM)2 |
实施例1 | 32 | 58 | 34 | 2.0 | 0.20 |
实施例2 | 57 | .7 | 247 | 2.0 | 0.20 |
实施例3 | 1.5 | .5 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
实施例4 | 33 | 0.6 | 45 | 2.0 | 0.20 |
1-如实施例7所述的人嗜中性粒细胞试验,不含咯利普兰
2-如实施例7所述的人嗜中性粒细胞试验,含咯利普兰
实施例7:A2A激动剂对嗜中性粒细胞氧化活性的影响
A.材料
f-met-leu-phe(fMLP),鲁米诺,过氧化物歧化酶,细胞色素C,纤维蛋白原,腺苷脱氨酶和台盼蓝均由Sigma Chemical获得。聚蔗糖-泛影葡胺购于ICN(Aurora,OH),和Cardinal Scientific(Santa Fe,NM)和Accurate Chemicals and Scientific(Westerbury,NY)。内毒素(脂多糖;E.coli K235)来自List Biologicals(Campbell,CA)。Hanks平衡盐溶液(HBSS),和鲎变形细胞溶解物试验试剂盒来自于BioWittaker(Walkersville,MD)。人血清白蛋白(HSA)来自于Cutter Biological(Elkhart,IN)。重组人肿瘤坏死因子-α由Dianippon Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.(Osaka,Japan)提供。ZM241385(4-(2-[7-氨基-2-(2-呋喃基)[1,2,4]-三唑并(triazolo)[1,3,5]三嗪-5-基氨基]乙基)苯酚)由Simon Poucher,Zeneca Pharmaceuticals,Cheshire,UK馈赠。制备储备液(在DMSO中1mM和10mM)并在-20℃贮存。
B.人嗜中性粒细胞的制备
通过一步聚蔗糖-泛影葡胺分离操作(A.Ferrante等人,J. Immunol.Meth.,36,109(1980))。由标准肝素化(10U/ml)的静脉血获得纯化的人嗜中性粒细胞(~98%嗜中性粒细胞,和>95%活细胞,根据台盼蓝排除法测定),其含有<1个的血小板/5个嗜中性粒细胞和<50pg/ml内毒素(鲎变形细胞溶解物)。
C.由致敏和刺激人嗜中性粒细胞释放炎性活性氧物质化学发光法
鲁米诺增强化学发光法,一种测量嗜中性粒细胞氧化活性的方法,不仅依赖于过氧化物酶的产生,而且还依赖于溶酶体颗粒酶髓过氧化物酶的活动化作用。光由激活嗜中性粒细胞产生的不稳定性高能氧物质发射。在摇动水浴中,在含有0.1%人血清白蛋白(1ml)、试验A2A激动剂、含或不含咯利普兰以及含或不含肿瘤坏死因子-α(1U/ml)的Hanks平衡盐溶液中37℃温育纯化嗜中性粒细胞(5-10×105/ml)30分钟。然后利用Chronolog Photometer(Crono-log Corp.,Havertown,PA)37℃读取鲁米诺(1×10-4M)增强的f-met-leu-phe(1mcM)刺激化学发光2-4分钟。化学发光以与含肿瘤坏死因子-α和不含激动剂或咯利普兰的样品比较的相对发光峰值(=曲线高度)报道。
实施例8:体内大鼠血压试验
将Sprague-Dawley大鼠(平均重量,250-300克)麻醉,同侧植入颈静脉和颈动脉导管,让动物恢复24-48小时。在每次试验之前,注射每种药物之前先注射载体对照以确定基线血压读数。通过颈静脉导管使用200微升体积的生理盐水将药物IV推注,使用另外300微升生理盐水冲洗导管。为了测量血压,将颈动脉导管的中心线连接于Digi-Med Blood pressure Analyzer的压力传感器上。以30-60秒的间隔实时记录全部收缩压,舒张压,平均压力,和心率。记录数据直至平均血压恢复到基线并保持20分钟不变。数据表示为在药物注射之前平均血压在10分钟内平均的分数。记录血压并相对于时间作图来作为确定化合物效力以及生物半衰期的方法。
相对于以下的对照化合物,试验了实施例1和2的化合物:
对照
在附图1和2中对结果进行了说明。
所有出版物,专利,和专利文献通过参考引入本文,如同分别通过参考引入本文一样。本发明描述了各种具体和优选的实施方案和技术。但是,应该理解在本发明的精神和范围内可以对其做出许多变更和改进。
本发明提供了抑制免疫应答的治疗方法,包括给需要所述治疗的哺乳动物施用抗炎有效量的式(I)的化合物。
本发明提供了治疗组合物,包括与药学上可接受的载体组合的式(I)的化合物,并且进一步包括IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂,其中IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂是咯利普兰,西洛司特,或罗氟司特。
在本发明的组合物中,所述载体是液体载体。
本发明的组合物适合于经口服,静脉内,眼部,肠胃外,气雾剂,经皮施用。
本发明提供了预防或治疗哺乳动物的病理状态或症状的方法,其中涉及A2A腺苷受体的活性并且这种活性的激动是需要的,包括给所述哺乳动物施用有效量的式(I)的化合物,所述哺乳动物是人或马。
优选地,所述病理状态或症状由自身免疫刺激(自身免疫疾病),变应性疾病,皮肤病,感染病,消耗病,开放伤,器官、组织或细胞移植,药物治疗的副作用,心血管病症,透析,痛风,化学性创伤或热创伤引起。
更优选地,所述病理状态是开放伤。
更优选地,所述病理状态是炎症。进一步更优选地,所述炎症由致病微生物引起。进一步更优选地,所述炎症由病毒生物引起。
本发明提供了式(I)的化合物制备用于治疗炎症应答的药物用途。
优选地,所述药物包括液体载体。
优选地,所述药物适合于肠胃外,气雾剂或经皮施用。
Claims (45)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中包含R4,R5和它们连接原子的环是环己烷或哌啶。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中Re是环丙基,或环丁基。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中Re是环丙基。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中Re是环丁基。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的化合物在制备用于抑制炎症应答的药物中的应用,其中所述抑制炎症应答涉及A2A腺苷受体的活性并且这种活性的激动是需要的。
8.治疗组合物,包括与药学上可接受的载体组合的权利要求1-6任一项的化合物。
9.权利要求8的组合物,进一步包括IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。
10.权利要求9的组合物,其中IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂是咯利普兰,西洛司特,或罗氟司特。
11.权利要求8的组合物,其中载体是液体载体。
12.权利要求8-11任一项的组合物,其适合于经口服,眼部,肠胃外,气雾剂,或经皮施用。
13.权利要求1-6任一项的化合物在制备用于预防或治疗哺乳动物的病理状态或症状的药物中的应用,其中所述预防或治疗哺乳动物的病理状态或症状涉及A2A腺苷受体的活性并且这种活性的激动是需要的。
14.权利要求13的应用,其中哺乳动物是人或马。
15.权利要求13或14的应用,其中病理状态或症状由自身免疫刺激,变应性疾病,皮肤病,感染病,消耗病,开放伤,器官移植,组织或细胞移植,药物治疗的副作用,心血管病症,透析,痛风,化学性创伤或热创伤引起。
16.权利要求15的应用,其中病理状态是开放伤。
17.权利要求13的应用,其中病理状态是炎症。
18.权利要求17的应用,其中炎症由致病生物引起。
19.权利要求17的应用,其中炎症由病毒生物引起。
20.权利要求17的应用,其中所述药物是与抗致病剂联合施用。
21.权利要求18的应用,其中病原体是细菌,抗致病剂是抗生素。
22.权利要求19的应用,其中病原体是病毒,抗致病剂是抗病毒药。
23.权利要求19的应用,其中病原体是酵母或真菌,抗致病剂是抗真菌药。
24.权利要求21的应用,其中炎症由E.CoIi.引起。
25.权利要求21的应用,其中细菌引起溶血性尿毒性综合征。
26.权利要求1-6任一项的化合物在制备用于诊断哺乳动物心肌灌注异常的药物中的应用,包括:
(a)给所述哺乳动物肠胃外施用一定量的所述化合物;和
(b)在所述哺乳动物上实施技术以检测冠状动脉狭窄的存在,评价冠状动脉狭窄的严重程度或二者均有。
27.权利要求26的应用,其中哺乳动物是人或马。
28.权利要求26或27的应用,其中所述心肌灌注异常选自冠状动脉病,心室功能障碍和通过无疾病的冠状血管和异常狭窄冠状血管的血流量不同。
29.权利要求26或27的应用,其中所述检测冠状动脉病存在及其严重程度的技术选自放射性药物心肌灌注成像,心室功能成像,或测定冠状血流速率的技术。
30.权利要求29的应用,其中所述放射性药物心肌灌注成像选自平面闪烁扫描术,单光子发射计算体层摄影术,正电子发射层析成像,核磁共振成像,灌注对比超声心动描记术,数字式减影血管造影术,或超速X射线计算机断层术。
31.权利要求30的应用,其中将放射性药剂与所述放射性药物心肌灌注成像联合使用,放射性药剂包括选自铊-201,锝-99m,氮-13,铷-82,碘-123和氧-15。
32.权利要求31的应用,其中所述放射性药物心肌灌注成像是平面闪烁扫描术,所述放射性药剂是铊-201。
33.权利要求29的应用,其中所述心室功能成像选自超声心动描记术,对比剂心室造影法,或放射性核素心室造影术。
34.权利要求33的应用,其中所述心室功能成像是超声心动描记术。
35.权利要求29的应用,其中测定冠状血流速率的方法选自多普勒流量导管,数字减影血管造影术和放射性药物成像技术。
36.权利要求30的应用,其中测定冠状血流速率的方法是多普勒流量导管。
37.权利要求27的应用,包括步骤:
(a)通过静脉内注射或推注给所述人施用一定量的式I化合物以有效提供冠状动脉扩张;
(b)给所述人施用包括铊-201,或锝-99m的放射性药剂;和
(c)在所述人上进行闪烁扫描术以检测冠状动脉疾病的存在和评价其严重程度。
38.权利要求37的应用,其中药剂是Tc-99m-sestamibi。
39.权利要求1-6任一项的化合物在制备用于预防或治疗哺乳动物的病理状态或症状的药物中的应用,其中所述预防或治疗哺乳动物的病理状态或症状涉及A3腺苷受体的活性并且这种活性的激动是需要的。
40.权利要求1-6任一项的化合物制备用于治疗炎症应答的药物用途,其中所述治疗炎症应答涉及A2A腺苷受体的活性并且这种活性的激动是需要的。
41.权利要求40的用途,其中药物包括IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂。
42.权利要求40的用途,其中IV型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂是咯利普兰。
43.权利要求42的用途,其中药物包括液体载体。
44.权利要求40的用途,其中药物适合于肠胃外,气雾剂或经皮施用。
45.权利要求12的组合物,其适合于静脉内施用。
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CN101068825A (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
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CA2576826C (en) | 2014-09-30 |
WO2006015357A2 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
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SG155182A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
US20060040888A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
AU2005267706A1 (en) | 2006-02-09 |
JP2008508360A (ja) | 2008-03-21 |
EP1778712B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
WO2006015357A3 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
NZ585697A (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP1778712A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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