CN101065158A - 用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置 - Google Patents

用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置 Download PDF

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CN101065158A
CN101065158A CNA2005800400713A CN200580040071A CN101065158A CN 101065158 A CN101065158 A CN 101065158A CN A2005800400713 A CNA2005800400713 A CN A2005800400713A CN 200580040071 A CN200580040071 A CN 200580040071A CN 101065158 A CN101065158 A CN 101065158A
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比吉特·里辛格
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Abstract

一种用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置(100;200;300),包括:一个气密的由薄膜形材料构成的伤口覆盖元件(3),其在置于患者身体上的状态下围绕伤口区域粘附地固定在皮肤表面上并且构成一个在相应的伤口和伤口覆盖元件(3)之间存在的密封的伤口空腔;至少一个可连接在一个产生真空的装置例如真空泵(14)上的引流软管(4),该引流软管可以大致平行于伤口覆盖元件(3)插入伤口空腔(5)内;以及至少一个吸收体(2),吸收体至少是一个装入封套(6)内的、由掺杂有超吸收粒子的织物部段(33)构成的层(7)。所吸收的伤口分泌物—由封套的气孔大小限定—保留在吸收体(2)内并且因此位于伤口覆盖元件(3)之下,直至吸收体由伤口空腔内移除。为所述伤口覆盖元件(3)设置一个空气通道(34)。

Description

用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置,包括:一个气密的由薄膜形材料构成的伤口覆盖元件,其在置于患者身体上时围绕伤口区域粘附地固定在皮肤表面上并且构成一个在相应的伤口和伤口覆盖元件之间存在的密封的伤口空腔;至少一个可连接在一个产生真空的装置例如真空泵上的引流软管,其大致平行于伤口覆盖元件插入伤口空腔内,经由该引流软管可以将存在于伤口空腔内的物质排空;以及至少一个设置在伤口空腔内吸收伤口分泌物的吸收体。
背景技术
由DE 195 17 699已知一种上述类型的装置。这种已知的装置具有一个遮盖薄膜用于表面遮盖以及气密地封盖伤口,从而在遮盖薄膜之下在伤口的区域内存在一个空腔,在其中可以安装一个泡沫塑料衬里和一个嵌入所述泡沫塑料衬里中的引流软管。借助于泡沫塑料衬里抽吸均匀分布在整个伤口表面上的伤口分泌物。在引流软管上又连接一个具有用于产生真空的真空泵的接收容器。当接收容器充满伤口分泌物时,将整个装置排空。整个一次性装置的目的在于,将伤口分泌物连续地通过引流软管输送给接收容器。
US 55 49 584描述了一种用于真空治疗的装置,其包括一个伤口遮盖部、一个设置在抽吸管上的膜片式泵以及一个在膜片式泵之后设置的袋状的收集器。在伤口覆盖部之下设置一个材料层或一个松动的吸收液体的纤维填料,其靠在一个穿孔的层上,在该层之下又存在另外一个粘附的层。纤维仍然通过一个可透过液体的具有多个窗口的上层覆盖,其中窗口分别被一个同样可透过液体的材料部分垫上。抽吸管与一个设置在伤口遮盖部上的连接件连接并且与位于伤口空腔内部的吸收材料没有直接接触。如此构造的抽吸头非常复杂并且制造费用高。
在DE 29 53 373 C2中同样已知一种使用真空处理伤口的装置,其包括一个伤口覆盖元件、一个位于伤口覆盖元件下方的泡沫塑料衬里以及至少一个与泡沫塑料衬里的气孔连通的软管道。
在DE 38 50 798 T2中描述一种消毒的长方体形的然而刚性的小盒,其具有一个在其内设置的外科手术绷带。小盒以其下边缘固定在患者皮肤上。小盒上下敞开,以便包围患者上的外科手术区域。
在US 50 86 763A中示出一个可固定在患者皮肤上的同样盒形的伤口处理装置。一个可更换的伤口绷带待置于一回转盖的底侧上。
由AT E33 446B已知的袋状的伤口处理装置和伤口引流装置具有一个下部的环绕的边缘,用于粘结在患者皮肤上;一个导液管夹持器;两个设置在袋子上边缘上的具有盖子的处理开口;以及一个位于袋子下边缘上的使得通向伤口成为可能的开口。这篇文献仅仅描速了袋子的构造。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种价格便宜的用于真空治疗伤口的装置,其结构简化。
这个目的通过上述类型的装置这样实现,其中:
吸收体至少是一个装入封套内的、由掺杂有超吸收粒子的织物部段构成的层,其中封套是可透过液体的并且具有气孔,所述气孔的大小基本上不超过超吸收粒子的大小;
待置入伤口空腔内的吸收体具有一个初始体积,其在吸收过程中增大并且达到一个最终体积,从而所吸收的伤口分泌物—由封套的气孔大小限定—保留在吸收体内并且因此位于伤口覆盖元件之下,直至吸收体由伤口空腔内移除。
伤口覆盖元件可以经由一个柔韧的连接板、所谓的基板固定在患者身体上,在粘接到皮肤上之前在基板上切出一个或多个与伤口面相适合的开口。然而并不排除弃用基板,当在伤口覆盖元件的边缘上加工一个环绕的粘接面时,前提是粘接物质是不损害健康的并且在伤口覆盖元件上设置一个相应的接头位置用于导入引流软管。然而优选是一个市场上通用的具有气密的处理窗口和排出口的供给袋,该供给袋的与伤口覆盖元件对置的侧壁与连接板在工作侧粘接。
重要的是,在供给袋内部设置至少一个富含超吸收物质的可更换的吸收体和一个引流软管,所述引流软管位于吸收体上。
引流软管然而也可以位于两个形成一个夹层结构的吸收体之间,所述吸收体具有相同或不同的抽吸力。在这种夹层结构中,可以使用一个富含超吸收物质的吸收体和一个附加的不包含超吸收物质的吸收体,例如一个扁平的大开孔的(offenporiger)泡沫材料体。在此提供了各种可能性,即一个夹层结构,其中所述泡沫材料体位于连接板与富含超吸收物质的吸收体之间或者位于伤口覆盖元件与富含超吸收物质的吸收体之间。
通过选择吸收体以及其抽吸力可以将一个最佳的伤口处理过程“程序化(progammiert)”。
为了杀死病菌,被包封的吸收体和/或所述附加的泡沫材料类型的吸收体和/或抗粘接的薄膜元件具有含银、含铜或含锌的物质,例如以纳米晶的形式。
也重要的是,吸收体的富含超吸收粒子的织物部段的面积显著小于封套的面积,以便吸收体在接近其全部的填充能力时其横截面可以无阻碍地接近圆形形状。充分实现吸收体的最大的或近乎最大的填充能力有助于降低伤口处理费用。
伤口覆盖元件在其表面的至少一个部分上是透明的,为此可以观察伤口处理过程的状态。
引流装置可以包含可透过液体的黏膜友好的保护元件,所述保护元件设置在吸收体与伤口覆盖元件对置的一侧上。保护元件的面积大致等于被包封的吸收体的面积。所述保护元件也可以由软的大开孔的泡沫材料或非常松动的无纺布构件制成。最后,保护元件可以是一个位于吸收体之下的、由无纺布件或泡沫材料件构成的松动的填料,其可以在吸收过程结束后例如借助于一个镊子由伤口中移除。此外体积大的构件不仅满足保护皮肤的功能,而且起吸收体的功能。大开孔的泡沫材料或无纺布件可以具有比封套气孔大得多的气孔,从而可以容纳伤口分泌物的较大的粒子。
在装置粘接在患者身体上时,在伤口覆盖元件之下的伤口空腔内的真空可以手动或机械地制造。一个最简单的手动产生真空的方法可以借助于一个所谓的Scheerengriff真空泵或一个已知的借助于手可以压缩的橡胶波纹管(球用打气筒)实现。为了通过电方式产生真空,各种在市场上常见的真空泵是合适的,其例如与软管和压力调节器一起提供。
在固定的、例如手术后的伤口处理时,通过将引流装置连接到一个现有的固定的临床真空装置上产生真空,必要时经由一个压力调节器。
这个装置在朝向其表面侧的俯视图上是多边形的、椭圆形或圆形的。它在朝向其表面侧的俯视图上可以类似于已知的供给袋,即“瓶形的”。
吸收体的封套由可透过液体的黏膜友好的天然材料或塑料制成,伤口分泌物不会或几乎不会粘附在上面。这使得可以将流质的伤口分泌物转移到吸收材料内。伤口分泌物穿过封套并且被富含超吸收物质的吸收材料吸取。
有利的是,在吸收体的封套上留出一个封套材料的边缘伸出部,从而可以限制或完全避免相对较硬的焊缝与伤口表面之间引起疼痛的接触。伸出部在此理解成位于环绕的焊缝与封套外边缘之间的封套材料。
不仅封套,而且位于封套内部的吸收材料可以设有抑制气味的和/或中和气味或掩饰气味的添加剂,例如活性炭过滤剂。非常有利的是,在抽空气体时没有伤口分泌物粒子被带出。伤口分泌物如此长地保留在吸收体的封套内部,直至整个装置由患者身体上移除和丢弃或胀大的吸收体被更换。
总体上提供了一种利用真空处理伤口的装置,其中伤口分泌物通过吸收体的掺杂有超吸收物质的无纺布吸取并且保留在包封吸收体的封套内部,而不会由封套流回到被覆盖的伤口空腔内,其中吸收体的横截面面积随着不断的吸收而剧烈地多倍扩大并且接近于圆形形状,并且在借助于一个可连接在装置上的真空泵维持真空时,即在抽出气体时,伤口分泌物几乎不会被带出。此外可能的是,弃用附加的接收容器。
如果要排出过剩的伤口分泌物,那么建议,将引流软管经由一个止回阀连接在一个接收容器上,接收容器又设置在一个具有压力计的真空泵之前。在这种情况下,可更换的吸收体用于由伤口流出的伤口分泌物的中间存储体。
本发明的引流装置也可以与压缩治疗一起使用,例如在处理不收口的烂腿时。
附图说明
下面借助于附图详细阐述本发明的实施例。其中:
图1引流装置朝向伤口覆盖元件的俯视图;
图2a至2d根据图1的粘接在患者皮肤上的装置的示意剖视图;
图3根据图1的装置朝向其表面侧的俯视图,然而具有一个颈部;
图4a至4c根据图3的A-A剖视图,包含两个吸收体的三个不同的夹层结构;
图5根据图1或图3的装置的示意纵向剖视图,连接在一个可携带的或固定的真空装置上;
图6a引流装置的另外一个实施方式朝向伤口覆盖元件的俯视图;
图6b根据图6a的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2a至2d中示出用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置100,其包括一个矩形的薄膜状的透明的伤口覆盖元件3、一个水状胶质类型的连接板10和一个位于它们之间的吸收体2以及一个引流软管4。在连接板10上切出一个对应于伤口大小的开口11(见图2a),从而在粘接到患者皮肤上之后在伤口区域内形成一个气密的伤口空腔5。利用附图标记25表示伤口覆盖元件3的环绕边缘,其与连接板10牢固粘接。
气密的伤口空腔5也通过伤口表面、伤口覆盖元件3和连接板上的开口11的内边缘限定。伤口空腔具有一个可变的体积,因为伤口覆盖元件3没有张紧。如果伤口空腔被认为是真空腔,那么引流软管4的内部一直到一封闭元件也属于伤口空腔,所述封闭元件如在图5中示意示出的止回阀17。
引流软管4经由一个在伤口覆盖元件3的边缘上设置的套圈22气密地插入到伤口覆盖元件之下并且靠在吸收体2上,而不与伤口表面接触。
此外连接板10在其两个表面侧分别具有一个保护薄膜19、24,其中面向以后的伤口区域的保护薄膜19可以揭下。另外一个保护薄膜24在其面向伤口覆盖元件3的一侧是抗粘接的。
吸收体2是一个由掺杂有超吸收物质的织物部段33构成的层7(见图2a),其被可透过液体的封套6包围。封套6具有一个在其边缘上环绕的封套材料的伸出部9,其中层7的面积大约比封套11小40%。
在图3和图5中示出上述类似的引流装置200的其中一个,其中伤口覆盖元件3是一个已知的具有颈部27的供给袋13的一部分,供给袋的与伤口覆盖元件3对置的侧壁8(见图5)与水状胶质类型的连接板10牢固粘接,其中扁平放置的供给袋的轮廓26突出于连接板的轮廓。在粘接在患者皮肤上的供给袋13的内部放入面状的吸收体2。利用附图标记28利用虚线表示伤口轮廓28。
图4a示出根据图3的引流装置200沿A-A的剖视图。这个实施方式的特别之处在于两个吸收体2.1、2.2的一个夹层结构20,在所述吸收体之间存在一个引流软管4。图4b同样示出一个夹层结构,其中一个附加的不含超吸收物质的吸收体32位于伤口覆盖元件3和富含超吸收物质的吸收体2之间。在图4c中又示出一个夹层结构,其中一个附加的吸收体32位于连接板10和富含超吸收物质的吸收体2之间。在后两种情况下,引流软管4设置在彼此不同的吸收体2、32之间。所述附加的不含超吸收物质的吸收体32以一开孔的泡沫材料体的形式存在。
在伤口覆盖元件3上加工一个较宽的圆形的处理开口12,吸收体2或附加的吸收体32借助于所述处理开口可以放入伤口空腔5内以及由其中取出。处理开口12可借助于一个回转盖23气密地封闭。
在图1中示意示出了一个设置在回转盖23中心处的空气通道34,利用它可以调节或校正真空,使得在抽吸过程中在伤口空腔内部形成空气流通。
图6a和6b示出一个引流装置300,其基本上与在图1中示出的引流装置相类似。区别在于,引流软管4在伤口覆盖元件3之下的穿孔部分是叉形的。通过这种方式形成一个稳定的压力分配器40,因为两个分支41.1、41.2位于吸收体2上并且在抽吸过程中压向回转盖23的一个加固凸缘42。
另外一个压力分配器43的形式为一扁平的大开孔的泡沫材料件44(见图4c)。泡沫材料件44几乎不可压缩,因此保持其厚度,该厚度限定伤口覆盖元件3和吸收体2之间所需的间距A。
此外,为装置设置一个消毒的气密的包装件(未示出)。
工作方式(见图2a至2d和图5):
通过将根据图1的装置100(一次性装置)粘附在患者皮肤上将一个深的伤口29完全覆盖。之前在连接板10上切出一个开口11并且而后将在图2a中示出的保护薄膜19移除,从而释放连接板10底面上的粘接面30。
利用消毒的镊子(未示出)通过处理开口12首先将黏膜友好的穿孔的薄膜形状的保护元件1,而后将扁平的吸收体2连同封套6小心地放置在伤口表面上。吸收体2具有一个初始体积V1。而后通过套圈22将引流软管4推入到伤口覆盖元件3之下,使得引流软管靠在吸收体2的封套上(见图2b)。通过将引流装置粘接到皮肤上在伤口覆盖元件3和伤口表面之间形成一个气密的伤口空腔5。
在引流软管4上经由一个管道31连接一个可手动操作的真空泵14,其配备一个压力计15(见图5)。因为伤口空腔5被密封,借助于真空泵14可以将存在于伤口空腔5内的空气抽出。图2b和图5示出了这个状态。借助于真空泵14在伤口空腔5内产生一个大约100ml Hg的真空。在套圈22和真空泵14之间在管道31上设置一个止回阀17,其仅仅允许气体以及可能时流质的伤口分泌物在朝向设置在真空泵14之前的接收容器16的方向上流动。
由伤口流出的伤口分泌物到达吸收体2内并且在伤口覆盖元件3之下引起压缩。在吸取伤口分泌物之后,吸收体2达到其最终体积V2(见图2c和2d)。所有在片刻间由伤口流出的伤口分泌物被吸收体2接收。封套6的外面保持基本上干燥。
所使用的吸收体2和保护元件1现在通过提起回转盖12借助于镊子小心地由伤口区域移除(见图2d)。根据需要可以在伤口上放置一个新的吸收体和一个新的保护元件1。在伤口强烈分泌时可能导致过剩的伤口分泌物,其经由引流软管4导入接收容器16内。
如果患者应该接受固定的伤口处理,那么在伤口区域内在伤口空腔5内的真空通过临床的真空装置21(图5)产生。由此建议,在在引流软管4和真空装置21之间的管道上安装一个压力调节器18,借助于该压力调节器可以调节真空区域。
                    附图标记清单
1  保护元件
2  吸收体
3  伤口覆盖元件
4  引流软管
5  伤口空腔
6  封套
7   层
8   侧壁
9   伸出部
10  连接板
11  (连接板的)开口
12  (伤口覆盖元件的)开口
13  供给袋
14  真空泵
15  压力计
16  接收容器
17  止回阀
18  压力调节器
19  保护薄膜
20  夹层结构
21  (固定的)真空装置
22  套圈
23  回转盖
24  保护薄膜
25  (伤口覆盖元件的)边缘
26  (供给袋的)轮廓
27  (供给袋的)颈部
28  伤口轮廓
29  伤口
30  粘接面
31  管道
32  附加的吸收体
33  织物部段
34  空气通道
40  压力分配器
41.1    支路
41.2    支路
42      凸缘
43      压力分配器
100     引流装置
200     引流装置
300     引流装置
A       间距
V1;V2  体积

Claims (28)

1.一种用于利用真空处理伤口的引流装置(100;200;300),包括:
一个气密的由薄膜形材料构成的伤口覆盖元件(3),其在置于患者身体上的状态下围绕伤口区域粘附地固定在皮肤表面上并且构成一个在相应的伤口和伤口覆盖元件(3)之间存在的密封的伤口空腔(5);
至少一个可连接在一个产生真空的装置例如真空泵(14)上的引流软管(4),该引流软管可以大致平行于伤口覆盖元件(3)插入伤口空腔(5)内,经由该引流软管可以将存在于伤口空腔(5)内的物质排空;以及
至少一个设置在伤口空腔(5)内的吸收伤口分泌物的吸收体(2);
其特征在于,
吸收体(2)至少是一个装入封套(6)内的、由掺杂有超吸收粒子的织物部段(33)构成的层(7),其中封套(6)是可透过液体的并且具有气孔,所述气孔的大小基本上不超过超吸收粒子的大小;
待置入伤口空腔(5)内的吸收体(2)具有一个初始体积(V1),其在吸收过程中增大并且达到一个最终体积(V2),从而所吸收的伤口分泌物—由封套(6)的气孔大小限定—保留在吸收体(2)内并且因此位于伤口覆盖元件(3)之下,直至吸收体由伤口空腔内移除。
2.如权利要求1所述的引流装置,其特征在于,层(7)在朝向其表面侧的俯视图上具有一个面积,该面积比封套(6)的面积小3%至90%,因此吸收体在接近其全部的填充能力时其横截面可以无阻碍地接近一圆形形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的引流装置,其特征在于,伤口覆盖元件(3)具有一个窗形的处理开口(12),吸收体(2)通过该处理开口可以放入伤口空腔(5)内并且可以由伤口空腔中取出,其中处理开口(12)可利用一盖(23)气密地封闭。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,在伤口覆盖元件(3)或盖(23)上设置至少一个空气通道(34),借助于该空气通道可以调整伤口空腔内的真空。
5.如权利要求1所述的引流装置,其特征在于,吸收体的织物部段由纤维素无纺布制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的引流装置,其特征在于,该装置包含可透过液体的黏膜友好的保护元件(1),所述保护元件设置在吸收体(2)与伤口覆盖元件(3)对置的一侧上并且与被包封的吸收体具有大致相同的面积。
7.如权利要求6所述的引流装置,其特征在于,保护元件(1)是薄膜形状的。
8.如权利要求6所述的引流装置,其特征在于,保护元件(1)是一个织物的材料部段。
9.如权利要求6所述的引流装置,其特征在于,保护元件(1)由泡沫材料制成。
10.如权利要求6所述的引流装置,其特征在于,保护元件(1)是一位于吸收体(2)之下的、由无纺布件或泡沫材料件制成的松动的填料。
11.如权利要求1所述的引流装置,其特征在于,伤口覆盖元件(3)在其表面的至少一个部分上是透明的。
12.如权利要求1至11之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,伤口覆盖元件(3)经由一个柔韧的连接板(10)可固定在患者身体上,在连接板上加工至少一个开口(11)。
13.如权利要求1至12之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,伤口覆盖元件(3)是一个供给袋(13)的一部分,该供给袋的与伤口覆盖元件对置的侧壁(8)与连接板(10)至少部分粘接。
14.如权利要求1至13之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,吸收体(2)的封套(6)通过超声波焊缝缝合。
15.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,吸收体在其周边上具有一封套材料的伸出部(9)。
16.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,引流软管(4)通向一接受容器(16),所述接受容器设置在真空泵(14)或一压力计(15)之前。
17.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,真空泵(14)电驱动或机械驱动。
18.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,引流软管(4)位于两个形成一个夹层结构(20)的吸收体(2.1、2.2;32)之间,所述吸收体具有相同或不同的抽吸力。
19.如权利要求18所述的引流装置,其特征在于,夹层结构(20)具有一个掺杂有超吸收物质的吸收体(2)和至少一个附加的不包含超吸收物质的吸收体(32)。
20.如权利要求14所述的引流装置,其特征在于,所述附加的吸收体(32)是一个扁平的大开孔的泡沫材料体。
21.如权利要求19和20所述的引流装置,其特征在于,所述附加的吸收体(32)位于连接板(10)与掺杂有超吸收物质的吸收体(2)之间。
22.如权利要求19和20所述的引流装置,其特征在于,所述附加的吸收体(32)位于伤口覆盖元件(3)与掺杂有超吸收物质的吸收体(2)之间。
23.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,所述吸收体(2)、所述附加的泡沫材料类型的吸收体(32)和/或保护元件(1)具有含银、含铜或含锌的物质,例如以纳米晶的形式。
24.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,所述吸收体(2)、所述附加的泡沫材料类型的吸收体(32)和/或保护元件(1)富含活性炭。
25.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,在伤口覆盖元件(3)之下,然而在被包封的吸收体(2)或附加的泡沫材料类型的吸收体(32)之上,设置一个与吸收体(2)的封套(11)接触的压力分配器(40)。
26.如权利要求25所述的引流装置,其特征在于,压力分配器(40)是一个由可透过气体的泡沫材料构成的模制件。
27.如权利要求25所述的引流装置,其特征在于,压力分配器(40)通过在伤口遮盖元件(3)之下叉形、圈形或回纹形延伸的引流软管(4)构成。
28.如上述权利要求之一所述的引流装置,其特征在于,该引流装置可以经由一个压力调节器(18)连接在一个现有的固定的临床真空装置(21)上。
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ATE390941T1 (de) 2008-04-15
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CA2589312A1 (en) 2006-06-01
US20110172617A1 (en) 2011-07-14
US7922703B2 (en) 2011-04-12
CN101065158B (zh) 2010-09-22
DK1814609T3 (da) 2008-08-04
WO2006056294A1 (de) 2006-06-01
CA2589312C (en) 2011-01-18
AU2005309089B2 (en) 2011-08-11
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AU2005309089A1 (en) 2006-06-01
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DE202004018245U1 (de) 2005-07-07

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