CN101044015B - 单向可视屏风 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种屏风(10)或栅栏结构,其在该结构的每一侧的光照基本相等的条件下,提供单向可视特性。该结构具有光透射率为大约2.8%至大约25%的织物。该结构的第一侧(12)的总光反射率与光透射率的比大于或等于大约2.5,且该结构的相反侧(14)的总光反射率与光透射率的比小于或等于大约2。本发明还描述了可以用于制造该屏风的织物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单向可视屏风。
背景技术
栅栏通常用于多种场合以限定地界,或将人、动物和/或物体维持在该地产的内部或外部。传统的栅栏通常以下述两种形式配置:双向可视(处于栅栏两侧的人均能透视)或不可视(在隐蔽栅栏的情况下,处于栅栏两侧的人均不能透视)。
类似地,屏风和隔板通常设置为不可视,从而阻断处于屏风任一侧的人清楚地透视至另一侧。在一些情况中,单向可视屏风或镜子已经被提供。特别是,在一些百货商店、托儿所和证人质问室内,有时需要提供单向镜,这样室外的其它人可以观察到室内发生的行为,而室内被观察的人不能看见其观察者。单向透视镜仅仅在一侧的光照条件比另一侧强得多的时候才能工作。容易意识到,这种单向玻璃镜坚硬易碎,使得其只能在特殊环境中使用,例如沿着刚性墙使用。
其它单向可视材料如多孔乙烯,设计用于该材料两侧的光照条件非常不同的情况。(例如,这种材料典型地用于建筑物玻璃或汽车玻璃,其中结构内部与该材料一侧相邻的光与结构外部与该材料另一侧相邻的光显著不同。)这些面板材料典型地具有大约30至50%的透视开放区域,其含有多个相对大的开口(例如,直径为大约1mm的圆形开口。)但是,当两侧的光照条件大致相等时,它们不能提供合适的单向透视性。
美国专利第5,925,437号、6,258,429号和4,673,609号中描述了这种用于提供单向透视性的多孔乙烯、印刷膜和玻璃上的半透明金属涂层的例子。如前所述,当材料两侧的光照大致相等时,这种材料不能提供单向可视性。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种栅栏、屏风、分隔物或类似物,其在结构两侧的光照条件大致相等的情况下提供单向可视特性。(如这里所使用的,这样的结构将统一称作“屏风”)。如前所述,当该结构两侧的光照大致相等时,现有技术的单向可视结构不能单向可视。实际上,本发明人已经发现,传统材料具有相当于至少大约30-50%光透射的光学路径(例如,通过计算开放区域的百分比并假设透射仅穿过该开放区域发生,发现间隔为1.4mm的直径为1mm的孔相当于大约40%光透射;发现间隔为3/32英寸的直径为1/16英寸的孔相当于大约35%光透射)。但是,已经发现,在同等的光照情况下,不论材料如何反射,这样高水平的光透射不能提供在一个方向内的不透视性。优选本发明屏风中的开口面积比直径为1mm的圆形开口的面积(即,0.785mm2)更小。优选小于0.2mm2(直径为0.55mm的圆的面积)的开口,甚至更优选0.07mm2(直径为0.3mm的圆的面积)的开口。但是,在本发明的范围内可以使用其它尺寸和形状的开口。
除了在结构两侧光照条件相似的情况下提供单向可视的优点之外,在大多数情况下,本发明还能够提供良好的透气性和高的机械强度,而无需穿孔制造步骤.由于这些附加特性,已经发现该材料特别适用于可能会遇见大风的室外栅栏用途.
当光强度大于20Lux时,屏风设计为最佳性能。如前所述,当屏风两侧的光强度大致相等时,本发明的屏风工作良好。但是,还发现:当反射侧的光强度大于高吸光(即,反射较少)侧的光强度时,该屏风也能工作良好。要注意的是:描述了光透射值的范围和光反射与光透射之比;容易理解,透视和阻断性能受光强度影响。例如,当光强度较亮而不是相对低时,通常能够实现更强的透视能力。
本发明的屏风在400-700nm光谱(即,可见光谱)中的光透射理想地为大约2.8至大约25%。该屏风还具有总的光反射与光透射之比>2.5的第一侧和总的光反射与光透射之比<2的第二侧。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的屏风的透视图;
图2是根据本发明的结构的机织版式的显微照片;
图3是根据本发明的结构的针织版式的显微照片,用于说明可选的开口分布和尺寸;
图4是图1中的屏风的示意图,用于说明光透射、反射和吸收;
图5是本发明的可选实施方式的截面图;
图6是本发明的织物的簇绒版式的截面图;
图7是根据本发明的机织织物的截面图。
具体实施方式
在下面对本发明的详细描述中,描述了本发明特定的优选实施方式,以便使读者能够完全彻底地理解本发明。应当意识到,这不表示将本发明限制于所描述的特别优选的实施方式,尽管在描述本发明时使用了专用术语,但是这些术语是在描述性的意义上用于说明的目的,而不是用于限制的目的。
参照附图,图1是根据本发明的屏风10的透视图,在该图中以栅栏的形式存在。如图所示,该栅栏包括支撑物16,通过紧固件18将材料固定到该支持物16上。(如本领域的普通技术人员将会容易地认识的那样,屏风可以构造为任何形状或样式,图1只是一般性地表示如何将材料定向,从而使其两侧中的每一侧均暴露于基本相同的光。)屏风10包括设计为不透视侧的第一侧12、以及设计为可透视侧的第二侧14。当该屏风在两侧光照大致相等的条件下使用时,在屏风的12侧观看的观察者将不能透视该屏风,而在14侧观看的观察者能够透视该屏风。
如本领域的普通技术人员所认识的那样,观察者看到例如屏风这样的结构时,由于光从相反侧透射穿过该屏风,因此只能看见屏风相反侧的事物。如图4所示,材料F的两侧均暴露于基本相同量的光,因为所有光量均透射穿过屏风、从屏风上被反射回去或者被屏风吸收,所以:
T1=T2,且T2+R2+A2=100%,且T1+R1+A1=100%,其中
T1=透射穿过12侧的光;
R1=被12侧反射的光;
A1=被12侧吸收的光;
T2=透射穿过14侧的光;
R2=被14侧反射的光;
A2=被14侧吸收的光。
本发明人已经发现,通过使织物在400-700nm光谱中的光透射为大约2.8%到大约25%,并且使屏风第一侧的总的光反射与光透射之比>2.5且屏风第二侧的总的光反射与光透射之比<2,能够获得下述屏风:在其两侧暴露于基本相同量的光的条件下,其一侧具有良好的不透视性(即,阻断性),而另一侧具有良好的透视性。
本发明的特征在于:织物结构在400-700nm光谱中的光透射为大约2.8-大约25%。(为该应用的目的,按照常规方式使用分光光度计,从400-700nm每10nm波长测定光透射,获得可见光谱内的光透射,将测定的光透射和光反射作为入射光束的百分比。)甚至更优选,该结构在400-700nm光谱中的光透射为大约15%或更少。此外,该织物具有光学特性非常不同的两侧,其中该织物一侧的总的光反射与光透射的比例为至少2.5,优选大约5或更大,更优选大约10或更大,而该织物另一侧的比例为大约2或更小,更优选大约1.5或更小。还非常优选高反射侧的光吸收尽可能小,而另一侧的光吸收尽可能大。(如前所述,全部光是透射穿过织物的光加上被织物反射回去的光和被织物吸收的光量的总和。因此,在使反射最大之后,需要设法使吸收最小。
除了光透射为大约2.8-25%,材料中开口的尺寸也希望小(如前所述),这些开口相对均匀地分布在整个材料中。还发现该组合提供了特别良好的透视性。当将较大尺寸的孔与上述低水平的全部开口组合使用时,需要较少的孔,并且这些孔分隔较远。结果发现:不论材料是否具有其它光学性质,观察者从有限的部分光透射,不能将材料另一侧的整个图画拼在一起。因此,本发明的开口尺寸优选为0.7mm2或更小,更优选0.07mm2或更小,并且理想的是开口非常均匀地分布在设计透视的材料的整体尺寸上。在大多数情况下,理想的是,在开口分布在材料的整体尺寸上的情况中,该结构的整体尺寸可透视。但是,在本发明的另一方面,材料的透视部分可以设置为与不透视区域相邻。例如,可以形成由没有开口的区域形成的栅格结构以便为材料提供额外的强度、提供特别设计等。
穿过该织物结构的总的光透射为大约2.8-25%,这样的光透射优选通过控制纱线密度以使织物结构的纱线空隙间的开口提供所需水平的光透射来实现。织物可以为任意类型,包括机织、针织或无纺。在设计为在需要高强度的环境中实施良好的本发明的优选形式中,优选经编针织结构。或者,还可以使用穿孔、涂层和印刷来产生光路或部分阻断的光路以控制光透射的水平。但是,由于穿孔产生废料,并且显著降低材料的强度,通常在需要高机械强度的应用(例如,篱笆和隔离材料)中其不是优选的。
光反射可以用一种或多种以下物质来实现:白色纤维/织物表面;含有反射性物质如二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化锆、硫酸钡、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、磷酸钙、云母、金属颜料(例如,baluminum和黄铜)的织物上的涂层;金属涂层,例如织物结构上的铝的溅射或热蒸汽沉积物,或银、铬或类似反射材料的无电镀层。还可以使用具有三叶形横截面的纤维或带样纤维来提供高反射。
还可以在织物的高反射侧上加入荧光增白剂、其它类型的荧光染料和颜料以提供改善的反射.这些材料能够吸收紫外光能并且发出作为可见光的能量,因此为人眼提供了改善的亮度.
通过深色织物表面或者通过用具有高吸光特性的材料染色、印刷或涂布,可以实现低反射。通过使用一种或多种以下物质可以实现高的光吸收:深色染料和/或颜料如碳黑、氧化铁和石墨。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的织物结构设置为下述方式:使用经编针织方法形成织物结构,将该织物染成深黑色,并用反射涂料如聚丙烯酸树脂和二氧化钛颜料的混合物来涂布该织物的一侧。经编针织方法提供了足够的纱线密度,使得穿过该结构的光透射为25%或更少,涂层在一侧织物上提供了高的总反射,并且黑色染料在相反的表面提供了高的光吸收。或者,该织物可以由预染色或纺前染色的纤维形成,或者在开始没有被染色的情况下用涂料涂布。
在另一个实施方式中,将白色或其它浅色织物采用缝合、层压、或其它方式固定于深色高吸光织物上,形成两层复合物,使整个复合物在可见波长范围内的光透射为25%或更少,白色织物侧的反射与透射之比至少为2.5,并且深色织物侧的比率为大约2或更小。可以利用织物构造技术来形成这样的织物结构,而无需进一步加工或进一步加工的程度最小。例如,反射性白色或浅色纱线和深色高吸光纱线,例如,可以机织或针织成为这样的织物:使得浅色/白色纱线主要分布在一侧,而深色纱线主要分布在另一侧。理想地,该织物形成为具有这样的纱线密度:使得穿过成品织物的总的光透射小于大约25%。或者,可以使用缎纹组织、多臂提花组织、提花组织、平纹组织、席纹组织等来织造下述单层或双层织物:其中浅色纱线主要分布在织物的一侧,而深色高吸光纱线主要分布在另一侧。例如,在缎纹组织中,白色三叶形纱线可以用作经纱,而纺前染色的深黑色纱线可以用作纬纱,这样白色经纱主要分布在一侧,而深黑色纱主要分布在另一侧。作为另一种选择,具有高反射侧和高吸光侧的针织物还可以通过使用经编针织以及双针梳针织来形成。当使用机织或针织技术在一侧设置反射纱线而在另一侧设置吸光纱线时,优选双层织物。
在图5所示的又一个实施例中,形成了绒头织物,其中绒头纱线是反射性浅色纱线(reflective light colored yarn)),而织物另一侧的底纱(base yarn)是具有高吸光特性的深色。如图5所示,织物(通常用20表示)包括底纱结构22、以及由多个纤维束24形成的绒头。因此,一侧的绒头构造提供了高的总光反射特征,而织物的底部具有开口(位于底部结构的纱线和纤维束之间),有助于透视与底纱结构邻近的织物侧。这种织物结构的横截面的“锥形”类型(“锥形”在相邻绒头束之间形成)在增强单向透视方面令人满意。此外,在底纱22和与底纱相接触的纱束部分可以配置吸光涂层等。
图6对图5所示的织物进行说明,描述了存在于形成织物的纱线之间的O形开口。类似地,图7说明了一种机织织物,描述了出现在形成织物的相邻纱线之间的O形开口,并且显示了不同侧12、14(如图1和4所示)。
在又一个实施方式中,在高反射侧的顶部进一步设置了印刷和/或纹理图案.这种在反射表面上的纹理或印刷将吸引观察者的视线集中于该表面的平面而忽略光透射穿过该织物.这种图案能够显著提高高反射侧上的不透视特性.这样的图案可以通过印刷、织物构造、压花、蚀刻等来设置.荧光或类似的彩色印刷适用于该目的.另一方面,高反射侧上的深色印刷将减少反射并且不令人满意.可以使用丝网印刷、喷墨印刷、空气刷、胶版印刷、静电印刷以及激光印刷提供印刷图案.纹理图案可以通过以下方式形成:提花织造、双针床编织、多臂提花织造、图案磨砂、激光蚀刻、压花及类似方法.
可以使用分光光度计如购自马里兰州伊斯顿市的Jasco公司的Jasco V-570分光光度计,使用400nm至700nm的可见波长的入射光测量这种织物结构的光透射和反射。
通过使用红外线反射颜料、碳黑或红外线吸收/荧光染料,还可以在织物的一侧或两侧引入其它特征,例如红外特征、红外吸收、反射、以及红外荧光。此外,根据需要,可以在织物的一个或两个表面上采用印刷、压花、油漆或其它方式提供花样(design),假设这些花样不会干扰至不能实现各反射、透射和吸收的程度。
实施例:
实施例1:使用3梳1/150/2456T(指1股,150丹尼尔纱,每一根纱具有24丝,Dacron型56圆截面的聚酯纱)纱和1梳1/100/3456T底纱,形成每英寸具有24个纬圈×28个经圈的纬平经编针织织物。该织物的重量为每平方码大约8.88盎司。如图3所示,该织物的间隙开口最多在0.1-0.25mm的范围内变化,并且彼此间隔大约0.3-2mm。随后使用黑色分散染料,按照常规方法将该织物喷染至深黑色,从而实现在可见光谱内的低反射(接近4%)。随后将该织物按照常规方法在展幅机框架上热定形。使用Rust-Oleum Corporation生产的含铝反射颜料的金属抛光喷漆在织物的一侧喷漆,使得该侧被金属漆覆盖。使用ASTM D737-96,在125Pa压力下,该涂层织物的透气性为大约135cfm。将该织物垂直固定于室内和室外位置,使得织物两侧均处于类似的光照条件下。距离织物两侧10至20英尺进行观察,以确定单向透视性。当织物两侧均处于室内或室外的同等光照条件下,该织物在无涂层的黑色侧提供了良好的透视性,但是在涂层侧基本是不透视的。
实施例2:将与实施例1中使用的相同的经编针织物改成用分散染料染成近白的奶油色。随后将该织物按照常规方法在展幅机框架上热定形。随后使用Rust-Oleum Corporation(与实施例1使用的类型相同)生产的金属抛光喷漆在织物的一侧喷漆上金属反射涂层,而织物的另一侧用Sherwin-Williams公司的以商品名Krylon生产销售的品种中的深黑半光泽喷漆来涂布。当按照如实施例1所述的相同方法检验时,在室内和室外织物两侧的光照条件相等的条件下,该涂层织物在金属涂层侧表现出基本不透视,并且在黑色涂层侧表现出良好的透视。
实施例3:使用来自实施例2的相同的近白的奶油色经编针织物。该织物的一侧用深黑半光泽Krylon喷漆来涂层。该黑色涂层侧提供了高的光吸收和良好的透视特性。有趣的是,在另一侧上不需要反射处理,该侧近白的织物表面足以反射提供不透视性。
实施例4:用单根574丹尼尔聚酯单纤丝经纱和单根535丹尼尔单纤丝Nylon 6纬纱形成机织织物。该织物机织为具有34根纬纱/英寸和35经纱/英寸的平纹组织图案。使用半光泽Krylon黑色喷漆在一侧涂覆黑色涂层。另一侧用Mearlite Ultra Bright UMA(EngelhardCorporation制造)和聚氨酯乳胶Impranil 85UD(Bayer Corp制造,勒沃库森,德国)的1∶1比例的混合物涂布。Mearlite Ultra Bright UMA是一种用二氧化钛包覆的云母反射颜料的水分散体。发现该织物在反射侧没有良好的不透视性,本发明人相信这是由于高开口水平造成的。由于织物结构的相对高的开口率,所得织物在该织物的高反射侧不具有良好的不透视性,尽管从该反射侧观察到透视性明显不清晰。这可以从反射侧的低的反射与透射之比看出来,该比率为2.37。
实施例5:黑色活性碳机织织物,FM1/250(Activated CharcoalInternational制造,英国),用Rust-Oleum Corporation制造的金属抛光喷漆仅在一侧上涂布。黑色活性炭纤维在另一侧提供了高吸光特性。经纱和纬纱间的空隙提供了光透射性。该涂层织物在室内和室外光照条件下均具有良好的单向透视性。该织物的空隙开口所具有的开口为大约0.2-0.35mm(横断矩形孔的尺寸),并且相距大约0.8-1mm。
实施例6:用黑色分散染料将具有204丹尼尔短纤经纱和12丹尼尔短纤纬纱、并且具有55根纬纱/英寸和68根经纱/英寸的平纹组织图案的机织短纤维聚酯织物染成深黑色。随后,将织物的一侧用Rust-Oleum Corporation制造的金属抛光喷漆涂布。该织物仅仅在室外高强度光照条件下显示透视性。短纤纱纹理和过低的光透射水平使得该织物在低光强度条件下不适于单向透视使用。
光透射和反射测量使用Jasco V-570可见光/UV/NIR分光光度计进行。只进行可见光透射和反射。结果在下表中列出。发现当织物两侧均暴露于相同的光条件下,这些实施例在仅从织物一侧透视方面表现良好,这些实施例表现出光透射为大约2.8%至大约25%,其第一侧的总的光反射与光透射之比>2.5,并且第二侧的总的光反射与光透射之比<2。实施例#4说明了在反射侧不透视的光透射的上限,且实施例#6说明了在吸光侧透视所需的光透射的下限。
实施例1-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 3.881 | 31.692 | 9.772 | 8.165936614 | 2.517907756 |
690 | 3.695 | 32.161 | 8.144 | 8.703924222 | 2.20405954 |
680 | 3.454 | 31.774 | 6.622 | 9.199189346 | 1.917197452 |
670 | 3.242 | 31.35 | 5.396 | 9.669956817 | 1.664404688 |
660 | 3.122 | 31.241 | 4.663 | 10.00672646 | 1.49359385 |
650 | 3.043 | 31.167 | 4.226 | 10.2421952 | 1.388761091 |
640 | 3.002 | 31.147 | 4.003 | 10.37541639 | 1.33344437 |
630 | 2.987 | 31.159 | 3.916 | 10.43153666 | 1.311014396 |
620 | 2.982 | 31.19 | 3.906 | 10.45942321 | 1.309859155 |
610 | 2.984 | 31.231 | 3.926 | 10.46615282 | 1.315683646 |
600 | 2.983 | 31.264 | 3.94 | 10.4807241 | 1.320817968 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
590 | 2.984 | 31.3 | 3.961 | 10.48927614 | 1.327412869 |
580 | 2.986 | 31.329 | 3.992 | 10.49196249 | 1.336905559 |
570 | 2.983 | 31.358 | 3.997 | 10.512236 | 1.339926249 |
560 | 2.977 | 31.371 | 3.969 | 10.53778972 | 1.333221364 |
550 | 2.973 | 31.391 | 3.962 | 10.55869492 | 1.332660612 |
540 | 2.972 | 31.408 | 3.97 | 10.5679677 | 1.335800808 |
530 | 2.967 | 31.422 | 3.951 | 10.59049545 | 1.331648129 |
520 | 2.954 | 31.404 | 3.917 | 10.6310088 | 1.325998646 |
510 | 2.952 | 31.429 | 3.926 | 10.64668022 | 1.329945799 |
500 | 2.951 | 31.459 | 3.949 | 10.66045408 | 1.338190444 |
490 | 2.946 | 31.477 | 3.953 | 10.68465716 | 1.341819416 |
480 | 2.938 | 31.495 | 3.956 | 10.71987747 | 1.346494214 |
470 | 2.94 | 31.556 | 3.974 | 10.73333333 | 1.35170068 |
460 | 2.956 | 31.747 | 4.002 | 10.73985115 | 1.353856563 |
450 | 2.967 | 31.905 | 4.032 | 10.75328615 | 1.358948433 |
440 | 2.949 | 31.785 | 4.025 | 10.77822991 | 1.364869447 |
430 | 2.924 | 31.684 | 3.998 | 10.83584131 | 1.367305062 |
420 | 2.921 | 31.761 | 4.04 | 10.87333105 | 1.383087984 |
410 | 2.913 | 31.714 | 4.112 | 10.88705802 | 1.411603158 |
400 | 2.919 | 31.797 | 4.25 | 10.89311408 | 1.455978075 |
平均值 | 3.046677419 | 31.48929032 | 4.466129032 | 10.3802041 | 1.446584433 |
实施例2-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 3.021 | 32.772 | 3.579 | 10.84806356 | 1.184707051 |
690 | 3.108 | 33.54 | 3.666 | 10.79150579 | 1.17953668 |
680 | 3.1 | 33.656 | 3.636 | 10.85677419 | 1.172903226 |
670 | 3.066 | 33.576 | 3.592 | 10.95107632 | 1.171559035 |
660 | 3.061 | 33.66 | 3.591 | 10.9964064 | 1.173146031 |
650 | 3.053 | 33.747 | 3.59 | 11.05371765 | 1.175892565 |
640 | 3.046 | 33.826 | 3.591 | 11.10505581 | 1.178923178 |
630 | 3.04 | 33.905 | 3.591 | 11.15296053 | 1.18125 |
620 | 3.037 | 33.981 | 3.592 | 11.1890023 | 1.182746131 |
610 | 3.032 | 34.053 | 3.593 | 11.23120053 | 1.185026385 |
600 | 3.027 | 34.126 | 3.595 | 11.27386852 | 1.187644533 |
590 | 3.02 | 34.183 | 3.598 | 11.31887417 | 1.191390728 |
580 | 3.015 | 34243 | 3.6 | 11.35754561 | 1.194029851 |
570 | 3.01 | 34.287 | 3.601 | 11.3910299 | 1.196345515 |
560 | 3.002 | 34.335 | 3.606 | 11.43737508 | 1.201199201 |
550 | 2.996 | 34.384 | 3.61 | 11.47663551 | 1.20493992 |
540 | 2.992 | 34.432 | 3.614 | 11.50802139 | 1.207887701 |
530 | 2.987 | 34.473 | 3.619 | 11.54101105 | 1.211583529 |
520 | 2.974 | 34.485 | 3.624 | 11.59549428 | 1.218560861 |
510 | 2.971 | 34.529 | 3.633 | 11.62201279 | 1.222820599 |
500 | 2.962 | 34.571 | 3.643 | 11.67150574 | 1.229912221 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
490 | 2.955 | 34.593 | 3.655 | 11.70659898 | 1.236886633 |
480 | 2.946 | 34.612 | 3.667 | 11.74881195 | 1.244738629 |
470 | 2.941 | 34.652 | 3.687 | 11.78238694 | 1.253655219 |
460 | 2.951 | 34.857 | 3.722 | 11.81192816 | 1.261267367 |
450 | 2.965 | 35.115 | 3.747 | 11.84317032 | 1.263743676 |
440 | 2.945 | 35.117 | 3.742 | 11.92427844 | 1.270628183 |
430 | 2.92 | 35.01 | 3.749 | 11.98972603 | 1.28390411 |
420 | 2.915 | 35.106 | 3.777 | 12.0432247 | 1.295711835 |
410 | 2.896 | 35.119 | 3.78 | 12.12672652 | 1.305248619 |
400 | 2.881 | 35.15 | 3.809 | 12.20062478 | 1.322110378 |
平均值 | 2.994677419 | 34.32564516 | 3.648354839 | 11.46924561 | 1.219029019 |
实施例3-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 4.642 | 42.569 | 3.574 | 9.170400689 | 0.769926756 |
690 | 4.715 | 43.54 | 3.649 | 9.234358431 | 0.773913043 |
680 | 4.681 | 43.756 | 3.606 | 9.347575304 | 0.770348216 |
670 | 4.623 | 43.592 | 3.568 | 9.429374865 | 0.771793208 |
660 | 4.605 | 43.679 | 3.564 | 9.485124864 | 0.773941368 |
650 | 4.586 | 43.769 | 3.557 | 9.5440471 | 0.775621457 |
640 | 4.568 | 43.855 | 3.553 | 9.600481611 | 0.777802102 |
630 | 4.55 | 43.945 | 3.549 | 9.658241758 | 0.78 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
620 | 4.531 | 44.044 | 3.547 | 9.720591481 | 0.782829397 |
610 | 4.512 | 44.138 | 3.543 | 9.782358156 | 0.785239362 |
600 | 4.491 | 44.265 | 3.541 | 9.856379426 | 0.788465821 |
590 | 4.475 | 44.387 | 3.539 | 9.918882682 | 0.790837989 |
580 | 4.456 | 44.47 | 3.538 | 9.979802513 | 0.793985637 |
570 | 4.432 | 44.492 | 3.535 | 10.03880866 | 0.797608303 |
560 | 4.404 | 44.512 | 3.532 | 10.1071753 | 0.801998183 |
550 | 4.386 | 44.596 | 3.532 | 10.16780666 | 0.805289558 |
540 | 4.364 | 44.723 | 3.534 | 10.24816682 | 0.809807516 |
530 | 4.342 | 44.823 | 3.536 | 10.32312298 | 0.814371257 |
520 | 4.314 | 44.87 | 3.536 | 10.40101994 | 0.819656931 |
510 | 4.289 | 45.017 | 3.54 | 10.49591979 | 0.825367218 |
500 | 4.267 | 45.149 | 3.546 | 10.58097024 | 0.831028826 |
490 | 4.239 | 45.193 | 3.553 | 10.66124086 | 0.83816938 |
480 | 4.209 | 45.207 | 3.561 | 10.74055595 | 0.846044191 |
470 | 4.182 | 45.276 | 3.577 | 10.82639885 | 0.855332377 |
460 | 4.17 | 45.594 | 3.608 | 10.93381295 | 0.865227818 |
450 | 4.159 | 46.009 | 3.629 | 11.06251503 | 0.872565521 |
440 | 4.115 | 46.07 | 3.616 | 11.19562576 | 0.87873633 |
430 | 4.062 | 45.956 | 3.62 | 11.3136386 | 0.891186608 |
420 | 4.034 | 46.051 | 3.642 | 11.41571641 | 0.902825979 |
410 | 3.967 | 45.844 | 3.64 | 11.5563398 | 0.917569952 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
400 | 3.909 | 45.411 | 3.655 | 11.61703761 | 0.935021745 |
平均值 | 4.36383871 | 44.67103226 | 3.571612903 | 10.27140294 | 0.820726195 |
实施例4-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 27.302 | 65.82 | 16.763 | 2.410812395 | 0.613984323 |
690 | 26.998 | 65.826 | 16.559 | 2.438180606 | 0.613341729 |
680 | 26.893 | 65.706 | 16.359 | 2.443238017 | 0.608299558 |
670 | 26.836 | 65.349 | 16.046 | 2.43512446 | 0.597928156 |
660 | 26.76 | 65.081 | 15.766 | 2.432025411 | 0.58916293 |
650 | 26.651 | 64.791 | 15.462 | 2.431090766 | 0.580165847 |
640 | 26.52 | 64.494 | 15.09 | 2.431900452 | 0.569004525 |
630 | 26.399 | 64.133 | 14.639 | 2.429372325 | 0.554528581 |
620 | 26.268 | 63.727 | 14.087 | 2.426031674 | 0.536279884 |
610 | 26.113 | 63.34 | 13.524 | 2.425611764 | 0.51790296 |
600 | 25.994 | 62.939 | 13.077 | 2.421289528 | 0.503077633 |
590 | 25.914 | 62.617 | 12.827 | 2.416338659 | 0.494983407 |
580 | 25.887 | 62.286 | 12.697 | 2.406072546 | 0.490477846 |
570 | 25.838 | 61.926 | 12.563 | 2.396702531 | 0.486221844 |
560 | 25.787 | 61.556 | 12.423 | 2.387094272 | 0.481754372 |
550 | 25.726 | 61258 | 12.336 | 2.3811708 | 0.479514888 |
540 | 25.681 | 60.981 | 12.304 | 2.374557066 | 0.479109069 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
530 | 25.666 | 60.735 | 12.338 | 2.366360165 | 0.480713785 |
520 | 25.626 | 60.464 | 12.365 | 2.359478654 | 0.482517755 |
510 | 25.6 | 60.23 | 12.365 | 2.352734375 | 0.483007813 |
500 | 25.558 | 59.927 | 12.311 | 2.344745285 | 0.481688708 |
490 | 25.515 | 59.627 | 12.203 | 2.336939055 | 0.478267686 |
480 | 25.473 | 59.35 | 12.078 | 2.329917952 | 0.474149099 |
470 | 25.403 | 59.058 | 11.958 | 2.324843522 | 0.470731803 |
460 | 25.251 | 58.787 | 11.865 | 2.328105818 | 0.469882381 |
450 | 25.079 | 58.416 | 11.791 | 2.329279477 | 0.470154312 |
440 | 25.037 | 57.878 | 11.675 | 2.311698686 | 0.466309861 |
430 | 25.035 | 57.385 | 11.603 | 2.292190933 | 0.46347114 |
420 | 24.994 | 56.855 | 11.513 | 2.274745939 | 0.460630551 |
410 | 24.903 | 55.985 | 11.389 | 2.248122716 | 0.457334458 |
400 | 24.738 | 54.299 | 11.082 | 2.194963214 | 0.447974776 |
平均值 | 25.85306452 | 61.31696774 | 13.19541935 | 2.370346421 | 0.509115216 |
实施例5-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 3.734 | 34.063 | 3.167 | 9.122388859 | 0.848152116 |
690 | 3.688 | 34.209 | 3.148 | 9.275759219 | 0.853579176 |
680 | 3.67 | 34.423 | 3.164 | 9.379564033 | 0.862125341 |
670 | 3.68 | 34.469 | 3.147 | 9.366576087 | 0.855163043 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
660 | 3.681 | 34.548 | 3.128 | 9.385493073 | 0.849769084 |
650 | 3.687 | 34.617 | 3.117 | 9.388934093 | 0.845402766 |
640 | 3.689 | 34.689 | 3.106 | 9.403361345 | 0.841962591 |
630 | 3.687 | 34.759 | 3.088 | 9.42744779 | 0.837537293 |
620 | 3.697 | 34.811 | 3.07 | 9.416012984 | 0.830403029 |
610 | 3.702 | 34.851 | 3.055 | 9.414100486 | 0.825229606 |
600 | 3.706 | 34.919 | 3.037 | 9.422288181 | 0.819481921 |
590 | 3.71 | 34.967 | 3.032 | 9.425067385 | 0.817250674 |
580 | 3.71 | 35.015 | 3.013 | 9.438005391 | 0.81212938 |
570 | 3.714 | 35.054 | 3.001 | 9.438341411 | 0.808023694 |
560 | 3.716 | 35.065 | 2.985 | 9.436221744 | 0.8032831 |
550 | 3.718 | 35.109 | 2.971 | 9.442980097 | 0.79908553 |
540 | 3.723 | 35.135 | 2.956 | 9.437281762 | 0.793983347 |
530 | 3.723 | 35.161 | 2.941 | 9.444265377 | 0.789954338 |
520 | 3.727 | 35.175 | 2.923 | 9.437885699 | 0.784276898 |
510 | 3.725 | 35.197 | 2.909 | 9.44885906 | 0.780939597 |
500 | 3.731 | 35.213 | 2.894 | 9.437952292 | 0.775663361 |
490 | 3.733 | 35.233 | 2.878 | 9.438253415 | 0.770961693 |
480 | 3.737 | 35.247 | 2.863 | 9.431897244 | 0.766122558 |
470 | 3.736 | 35.255 | 2.85 | 9.436563169 | 0.762847966 |
460 | 3.712 | 35.287 | 2.833 | 9.506196121 | 0.763200431 |
450 | 3.682 | 35.382 | 2.827 | 9.609451385 | 0.767789245 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
440 | 3.691 | 35.429 | 2.83 | 9.598753725 | 0.766729884 |
430 | 3.698 | 35.422 | 2.813 | 9.578691184 | 0.760681449 |
420 | 3.71 | 35.489 | 2.812 | 9.565768194 | 0.757951482 |
410 | 3.698 | 35.538 | 2.809 | 9.610059492 | 0.759599784 |
400 | 3.69 | 35.558 | 2.79 | 9.636314363 | 0.756097561 |
平均值 | 3.706612903 | 35.00932258 | 2.972806452 | 9.445184989 | 0.802108966 |
实施例6-结果
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
700 | 6.178 | 22.784 | 14.835 | 3.687924895 | 2.401262545 |
690 | 5.042 | 21.683 | 10.542 | 4.300476002 | 2.090836969 |
680 | 4.048 | 20.521 | 7.163 | 5.069416996 | 1.76951581 |
670 | 3.313 | 19.535 | 4.984 | 5.896468458 | 1.504376698 |
660 | 2.863 | 18.911 | 3.828 | 6.605309116 | 1.337059029 |
650 | 2.623 | 18.523 | 3.279 | 7.061761342 | 1.250095311 |
640 | 2.507 | 18.355 | 3.027 | 7.321499801 | 1.207419226 |
630 | 2.455 | 18.289 | 2.922 | 7.449694501 | 1.190224033 |
620 | 2.436 | 18.295 | 2.891 | 7.510262726 | 1.186781609 |
610 | 2.432 | 18.329 | 2.894 | 7.536595395 | 1.189967105 |
600 | 2.434 | 18.363 | 2.906 | 7.544371405 | 1.193919474 |
590 | 2.433 | 18.395 | 2.919 | 7.560624743 | 1.199753391 |
580 | 2.445 | 18.439 | 2.945 | 7.541513292 | 1.204498978 |
波长nm | 光透射% | A侧光反射% | B侧光反射% | A侧比率 | B侧比率 |
570 | 2.449 | 18.472 | 2.975 | 7.542670478 | 1.214781543 |
560 | 2.456 | 18.511 | 2.998 | 7.537052117 | 1.220684039 |
550 | 2.465 | 18.542 | 3.024 | 7.522109533 | 1.226774848 |
540 | 2.48 | 18.6 | 3.075 | 7.5 | 1.239919355 |
530 | 2.511 | 18.671 | 3.157 | 7.435682995 | 1.257268021 |
520 | 2.557 | 18.792 | 3.272 | 7.349237388 | 1.27962456 |
510 | 2.609 | 18919 | 3.437 | 7.251437332 | 1.317362974 |
500 | 2.685 | 19.093 | 3.65 | 7.110986965 | 1.359404097 |
490 | 2.758 | 19.247 | 3.866 | 6.978607687 | 1.401740392 |
480 | 2.752 | 19.271 | 3.898 | 7.002543605 | 1.416424419 |
470 | 2.653 | 19.119 | 3.668 | 7.206558613 | 1.382585752 |
460 | 2.57 | 18.989 | 3.465 | 7.388715953 | 1.348249027 |
450 | 2.533 | 18.957 | 3.377 | 7.484011054 | 1.333201737 |
440 | 2.501 | 18.904 | 3.332 | 7.558576569 | 1.332267093 |
430 | 2.521 | 18.952 | 3.422 | 7.517651726 | 1.357397858 |
420 | 2.584 | 19.177 | 3.645 | 7.421439628 | 1.410603715 |
410 | 2.686 | 19.373 | 3.957 | 7.212583768 | 1.473194341 |
400 | 2.853 | 19.718 | 4.51 | 6.911321416 | 1.580792149 |
平均值 | 2.833290323 | 19.08803226 | 4.124612903 | 7.00055179 | 1.383160842 |
如前所述,本发明人发现:下述屏风提供了从一侧的良好的透视性以及从相反侧的良好的阻断性(即,不透视性):该屏风在400-700nm光谱中的光透射为大约2.8-大约25%,其第一侧的总的光反射与光透射之比为>2.5,且第二侧的总的光反射与光透射之比为<2。
该织物结构可用于多种最终用途,包括但不限于栅栏、建筑物和道路施工现场的障碍物(作为安全幕帘或护墙板以隔离事故现场)、室内分割物等.
在本说明书中描述了本发明的一个优选实施方式,尽管采用了专用术语,但是它们仅在一般的和描述性的意义上使用,而并非为了限制的目的,本发明的范围在权利要求书中限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种当两侧均暴露于大致相同强度的光中时具有单向可视性的屏风,其包括具有第一织物侧和第二织物侧的针织或机织织物:所述针织或机织织物在400-700nm光谱中光透射为3-15%,所述第一织物侧包括含反射材料的涂层,且所述第一织物侧总的光反射与光透射之比≥5,所述第二织物侧包括深色染料或深色颜料,且所述第二织物侧的总的光反射与光透射之比≤1.5,其中所述织物包括多个开口,所述开口的尺寸小于0.2mm2,其中所述第二织物侧的光吸收大于80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的屏风,其中所述第一织物侧的光吸收为60%或更小。
3.根据权利要求1所述的屏风,其中所述材料包括多个开口,所述开口的尺寸小于0.07mm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的屏风,其中所述多个开口相对均匀地分布在整个所述织物上。
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CN201035316Y (zh) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-03-12 | 肯尼·诺 | 暗箱 |
DE102008055973A1 (de) | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Sefar Ag | Flächenstück sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
AU2010100347B4 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2013-01-10 | Nicholas James Nichols | A knitted material |
US9360651B2 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2016-06-07 | Scott Davis | Covert rooftop vent enclosure and adjustable multi-tiered rack for electronic surveillance equipment |
CN103498334A (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州东茂纺织实业有限公司 | 单向可视窗帘布料 |
EP2862968A1 (de) * | 2013-10-16 | 2015-04-22 | Ettlin Aktiengesellschaft | Lichtlenksystem |
USD794826S1 (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-08-15 | StadiArena Ltd | Stadium divider |
US10765108B2 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2020-09-08 | Rugged Cross Hunting Blinds Llc | Camouflage material for a hunting blind |
CN108132495A (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-06-08 | 刘介中 | 具有异向性透光的多层膜 |
CN109385676B (zh) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-08-18 | 浙江华欣新材料股份有限公司 | 多微面反射异形复合彩色涤纶长丝生产工艺 |
US20220265012A1 (en) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-25 | Duane Reynolds | Caped umbrella |
US11629523B1 (en) * | 2021-04-05 | 2023-04-18 | Jason Marks | Fence with one way viewing insert |
Citations (1)
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US6004649A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1999-12-21 | Nagata; Masao | Woven sheet with one-way viewing |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US4443516A (en) * | 1983-06-27 | 1984-04-17 | Milliken Research Corporation | Warp knit sign fabric |
EP0170472B1 (en) * | 1984-07-28 | 1989-12-06 | Contra Vision Limited | Panel |
DE4129578C2 (de) * | 1991-09-06 | 1994-12-22 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Glasscheibe mit verminderter Lichtdurchlässigkeit und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie ihre Verwendung |
US5609938A (en) * | 1993-06-23 | 1997-03-11 | Creative Minds Foundation, Inc. | Image display apparatus with holes for opposite side viewing |
US5939168A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1999-08-17 | Andriash; Michael D. | Vision control panel for displaying discrete images observable from one side of the panel and method of making |
US5601927A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1997-02-11 | Furon Company | Cling signage |
ATE297262T1 (de) * | 1996-01-11 | 2005-06-15 | Gregory Edye Ross | Perimeter beschichtungsverfahren |
WO1997047481A1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 1997-12-18 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Display unit and methods of displaying an image |
US6258429B1 (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2001-07-10 | Stephen G. Nelson | One-way see-thru panel and method of making same |
US5925437A (en) * | 1997-10-23 | 1999-07-20 | Nelson; Stephen G. | See-through panel assembly with retroreflective surface and method of making same |
-
2004
- 2004-09-15 US US10/941,795 patent/US7427433B2/en active Active
-
2005
- 2005-09-15 EP EP20050797474 patent/EP1799442B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-15 AT AT05797474T patent/ATE476289T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-09-15 DE DE200560022741 patent/DE602005022741D1/de active Active
- 2005-09-15 WO PCT/US2005/033010 patent/WO2006031987A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-15 CA CA 2580379 patent/CA2580379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-09-15 CN CN2005800356829A patent/CN101044015B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
- 2007-03-13 IL IL181893A patent/IL181893A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-27 HK HK07114173A patent/HK1108858A1/xx unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6004649A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1999-12-21 | Nagata; Masao | Woven sheet with one-way viewing |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HK1108858A1 (en) | 2008-05-23 |
US20060057332A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
WO2006031987A2 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
WO2006031987A3 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
IL181893A0 (en) | 2007-07-04 |
EP1799442A2 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
ATE476289T1 (de) | 2010-08-15 |
CA2580379A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
IL181893A (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CN101044015A (zh) | 2007-09-26 |
DE602005022741D1 (de) | 2010-09-16 |
US7427433B2 (en) | 2008-09-23 |
EP1799442B1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
EP1799442A4 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
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