CN101039117B - Rubidium atom frequency scale digital phase-locking frequency doubler - Google Patents
Rubidium atom frequency scale digital phase-locking frequency doubler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a rubidium atom frequency standard digital phase locked frequency multiplier. The input terminal of the digital phase locked loop is connected with the output terminal of the rubidium atom frequency standard 10MHz voltage control crystal oscillatory as the output terminal of the frequency multiplier. The output terminal of the digital phase locked loop is connected with the output terminal of the microwave oven amplifier which is connected with the output terminal of the step matching circuit. The output terminal of the step matching circuit as the output terminal of the frequency multiplier is connected with the input terminal of the rubidium atom frequency standard microwave cavity. The phase detector and the digital frequency synthesizer are integrated by a chip AD 9956. The rubidium atom frequency standard digital phase locked frequency multiplier provided by the present invention adopts digital synthesizer as the fractional divider in which a digital phase locked loop is inserted, sets and modulate the fractional frequency division ratio of the digital synthesizer through the single chip computer MSP430F169 thus enabling the direct fractional frequency multiplying and frequency modulation of the frequency multiplier. The present invention with a simple structure, high degree of integration, high purity of the spectrum, low phase noise, small stray and high degree of digitalization is easy to modulate and can be used to produce miniaturized rubidium atom frequency standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Rb atom frequency marking, more particularly relate to a kind of Rb atom frequency marking digital phase-locked loop (PLL) radio frequency frequency multiplier, applicable to making the commercial Rb atom frequency marking of miniaturization.
Background technology
Atomic frequency standard is to utilize the transition spectral line of atom to lock VCXO and the high surely equipment of time frequency signal is provided, and in fields such as communication, navigation extensive use is arranged.Rb atom frequency marking has volume characteristics little, in light weight, low in energy consumption, is present most popular atomic frequency standard, and its development trend is high-performance and miniaturization.According to the function that constitutes the unit, Rb atom frequency marking can be divided into microwave cavity and Circuits System two parts simply.Circuits System generally is made up of radio frequency frequency multiplier, frequency synthesizer, modulator and synchronous detector.The effect of radio frequency frequency multiplier is that standard VCXO 10MHz output frequency is transformed to 90MHz, and the microwave cavity that the decimal frequency signal that produces with synthesizer is input to quantized system simultaneously carries out step frequency multiplication and mixing and obtains encouraging the microwave frequency signal (6834MHz) of rubidium atomic transition.Because need carry out the high order step frequency multiplication up to 76 times and the mixing of down-conversion at microwave cavity, cause inefficiency, so require the radiofrequency signal power ratio of input microwave cavity bigger, can increase radio frequency frequency multiplier manufacture difficulty like this.
The technological means of conventional radio frequency frequency multiplier be adopt differential pair tube that transistor forms with 9 frequencys multiplication of output signal of 10MHz VCXO to 90MHz, the 10MHz signal is input to the decimal synthesizer and produces 5.3125MHz decimal frequency simultaneously, and the microwave cavity that two signals of 90MHz and 5.3125MHz are input to quantized system in the Rb atom frequency marking simultaneously carries out the step frequency multiplication to 6834MHz clock jump frequency.The advantage of this mode is that circuit adopts discrete device to make, and cost is lower.But, there is 5.3125MHz side frequency at interval in the microwave cavity owing to adopt integer frequency and decimal frequency mixing mode in microwave cavity.Owing to also need the special decimal frequency signal that a synthesizer produces 5.3125MHz of making, the complexity of circuit is increased in addition.At this situation, a kind of improved circuit arrangement has abroad appearred, and it adopts the direct frequency multiplication of decimal crystal oscillator signal is obtained the 6834MHz signal, can remove synthesizer.But the cost of manufacture height of accurate decimal crystal oscillator, and the accuracy of adjusting frequency marking standard output frequency signal is relatively more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The accuracy of standard output frequency signal is difficulty relatively.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rubidium atom frequency scale digital phase-locking frequency doubler, characteristics simple in structure, that digitized degree is high, parameter optimization is simple that this frequency multiplier has.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The output of outside 10MHz VCXO is connected to the input of digital phase-locked loop (PLL), the output of digital phase-locked loop (PLL) is connected to the input of microwave amplifier, the output of microwave amplifier connects the input of step match circuit, and the output of step match circuit is the output of frequency multiplier.Digital phase-locked loop (PLL) is made up of chip AD9956, loop low pass filter, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), microwave power distributor, 10MHz low pass filter, chip AD9956 is integrated phase discriminator and digital frequency synthesizer (DDS).The output of phase discriminator is connected to the input of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) by loop low pass filter, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) is divided into two-way by microwave power distributor, one the tunnel connects the input of microwave amplifier, another road connects the input of digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) output connects the 10MHz low pass filter, and 10MHz low pass filter output connects the input of phase discriminator.
Wherein, phase discriminator and digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) are integrated among the chip AD9956, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 and chip AD9956 are provided with the fractional frequency division ratio of digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) by the SPI communication, can carry out fractional frequency division and obtain an integer frequency output signal an input frequency signal that contains decimal; While single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 also carries out FSK (frequency shift keying) modulation to the output signal of digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) to be realized voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) output signal is carried out frequency modulation.Like this, the output signal of 10MHz VCXO is by the 976.3839MHz of the direct frequency multiplication of the digital phase-locked loop of being made up of chip AD9956, loop low pass filter, voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), 10MHz low pass filter, power splitter (PLL) to mixed decimal, this signal carries out microwave power and amplifies, carry out impedance matching through the step match circuit again, be input at last and carry out seven step frequencys multiplication in the microwave cavity of Rb atom frequency marking to 6834MHz microwave signal de-energisation rubidium atomic transition.
The digital PLL frequency multiplier of basis system compares with traditional Rb atom frequency marking simulation frequency multiplier has following advantage:
1, has good dynamic characteristics.Because adopted phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency multiplication, can suppress the atomic frequency standard system effectively and beat by the suitable loop low pass filter passband of design because of the spuious frequency marking standard output frequency that causes.
2, has the very high decimal frequency fan-out capability of resolution.This frequency multiplier system is inserting in digital phase-locked loop (PLL) in the digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), the resolution of frequency multiplication output signal is by the frequency data bit wide decision of digital frequency synthesizer (DDS), and 48 bit wide makes the resolution of output frequency reach little hertz of level.
3, hardware circuit is simplified.Because adopted the very high digital frequency synthesizer of integrated resolution (DDS) in this frequency multiplier, so saved the decimal synthesizer that the conventional door circuit constitutes; Utilizing single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 that digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) is carried out FSK realizes can saving 976.3839MHz microwave frequency modulation to digital phase-locked loop output traditional special-purpose FM circuit and modulating frequency and produce circuit.
4, parameter software setting is debugged simple.This frequency multiplier is input to the modulation signal size and the modulation depth size of the 6834MHz microwave FM signal of microwave cavity by software set in the single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169; Also the accuracy that different fractional frequency divisions is recently regulated Rb atom frequency marking standard output frequency is set for digital frequency synthesizer (DDS) by software.
5, be input to the spectral purity height of Rb atom frequency marking microwave cavity.Because this frequency multiplier is the 976.3839MHz signal of the 10MHz signal frequency multiplication of VCXO output to the mixed decimal frequency, then this signal can directly carry out seven step frequencys multiplication and need not traditional mixing to 6834MHz, has only the 976.3839MHz single-frequency so be input to the signal of Rb atom frequency marking microwave cavity.
6, shg efficiency height.This frequency multiplier is the 976.3839MHz microwave frequency band signal of the direct frequency multiplication of 10MHz signal of VCXO output to the mixed decimal frequency, this signal is input to and only need carries out the 6834MHz microwave signal that seven step frequencys multiplication then can obtain encouraging the rubidium atomic transition behind the microwave cavity, so the frequency multiplication number of times is low, shg efficiency is high.
Description of drawings
7, be convenient to the Rb atom frequency marking miniaturization.This frequency multiplier system also has the integrated level height, volume is little, digitized degree is high, be easy to characteristics such as debugging, so be easy to produce small Rb atom frequency marking.
Fig. 1 is a kind of Rb atom frequency marking digital phase-locked loop (PLL) radio frequency frequency multiplier block diagram
Embodiment
Fig. 2 is a kind of Rb atom frequency marking digital phase-locked loop (PLL) radio frequency frequency multiplier software flow pattern
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, the 10MHz signal of VCXO is connected to an input of phase discriminator 1 integrated in the chip AD9956, and this 10MHz signal is as the input reference frequency signal of PLL, with compare mutually on the phase discriminator 1 of 10MHz signal in chip AD9956 of 10MHz low pass filter 6 output, another input of phase discriminator 1 connects the output that connects digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) through a 10MHz low pass filter 6, the output of phase discriminator 1 is connected to the input of loop low pass filter 2, the output of loop low pass filter 2 is connected to the voltage-controlled input of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO), loop low pass filter 2 adopt three rank passive leading-lag filter carries out filtering to the output signal of phase discriminator 1, obtain the voltage-controlled signal of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO), the output of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) is connected to the input of microwave power distributor 4, the 976.3839MHz microwave signal of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) output is divided into two paths of signals by microwave power distributor 4, one the tunnel feeds back to digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) carries out fractional frequency division and obtains the 10MHz signal, after mate through microwave amplifier 8 amplifications and through step match circuit 9 on another road, promptly obtain the output signal of this frequency multiplier.
The 10MHz signal is connected to the reference input of phase discriminator 1 as the input signal source of this frequency multiplier, two inputs of phase discriminator 1 are the difference input form, phase discriminator 1 and digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) are integrated among the chip AD9956, by concerning FSK (frequency shift keying) modulation of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS), realizing that digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) output is the difference output form to the frequency modulation of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) output; Noise in the output signal of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) mainly is the frequency multiplication image frequency of 10MHz phase discrimination signal and spuious, seven rank elliptic filters can be effectively these noises and spuious removal, so 10MHz low pass filter 6 adopts two-way seven rank elliptic filters respectively the 10MHz signal of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) output to be carried out filtering, the output of 10MHz low pass filter 6 is connected to the feedback input end of phase discriminator 1.
The output stage of the inner phase discriminator 1 of chip AD9956 is integrated charge pump, output signal is the pulsed current signal of the two-way 10MHz input signal phase difference of reflection phase discriminator 1, stronger load driving ability is arranged, so the passive three rank lead-lag filter of loop low pass filter 2 employings filter the radio-frequency component in phase discriminator 1 output signal, remaining slow speed signal is input to the voltage tuning end of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO), removes to modulate the output frequency of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO).Voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) adopts the CLV980E of ZCOMM company, and its local frequency and has lower phase noise near 976.3839MHzHz, can satisfy the design needs of native system.The microwave power distributor 4 that voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) output connects, microwave power distributor 4 adopts the SCN-2-11 of MINI companies, and it is one the tunnel to import two tunnel output forms, and the input and output impedance is 50 ohm.One tunnel output of microwave power distributor 4 is input to the input of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) as the feedback signal of digital phase-locked loop 11 (PLL), promptly as the clock signal of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS); Another road output of microwave power distributor 4 is connected to microwave amplifier 8 as the output of PLL and amplifies.Microwave amplifier 8 adopts the ERA-5SM of MINI company, and it has the gain that is 20dB to the maximum, and can regulate its gain by regulating its bias voltage, can regulate the amplitude size of this frequency multiplier final output signal during actual the use in order to the method.The step match circuit carries out impedance matching to the microwave signal after amplifying, and its output is connected to the Rb atom frequency marking microwave cavity as the final output of this frequency multiplier.
Direct decimal frequency multiplication of this frequency multiplier and frequency modulation adopt microcontroller that chip AD9956 is carried out software control and realize.Microcontroller adopts single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697, and it is 16 super low power consuming single chip processor MSP430F169 of TI company, and responsible chip AD9956 is correlated with is provided with and exports the keying signal that is used for the FSK modulation.Chip AD9956 is produced by ADI company, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 and chip AD9956 carry out the SPI communication, be the SPI mouth that the SPI0 mouth of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 is connected to chip AD9956, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 then can set the fractional frequency division ratio of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) to the value that chip AD9956 internal register is set.In this frequency multiplier, the clock signal of giving digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) is the feedback signal from voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO), and it is the 976.3839MHz microwave signal that has the decimal frequency.This signal obtains the 10MHz frequency signal by fractional frequency division being set for digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS), the fractional frequency division ratio is 97.63839, and promptly this frequency dividing ratio is converted into the digital value of chip form that AD9956 requires and can sends to register corresponding in the chip AD9956 by the SPI0 of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697.While single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 also carries out FSK (frequency shift keying) modulation to the output signal of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) to be realized the 976.3839MHz signal of voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) output is carried out frequency modulation.The method that realizes is, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 sets two close fractional frequency divisions respectively at two registers of chip AD9956 inside and recently obtains near the 10MHz two frequency values, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 exports the PWM square-wave signal simultaneously, the PS0 mouth that this signal is connected to chip AD9956 then can make the output frequency of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) alternately switch output at two Frequency points of above-mentioned setting, and the 10MHz of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) output is just modulated by the pwm signal that single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697 exports like this.The 10MHz FM signal of digital frequency synthesizer 5 (DDS) output is carried out phase demodulation with 10MHz signal output signal at phase discriminator 1 after 10MHz low pass filter filtering 6, the signal of phase discriminator 1 output carries out filtering through loop low pass filter 2, radio-frequency component in the filtered signal, the output voltage that obtains is to voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO) direct frequency modulation.Pass through said method, the 10MHz output signal of VCXO is by the 976.3839MHz signal of the direct frequency multiplication of the digital phase-locked loop of being made up of chip AD9956, loop low pass filter 2, voltage controlled oscillator 3 (VCO), 10MHz low pass filter 6, microwave power distributor 4 11 (PLL) to mixed decimal, and carried out direct frequency modulation.The microwave cavity that this signal carries out microwave power amplification back input Rb atom frequency marking carries out the step frequency multiplication seven times, obtains the 6834MHz microwave signal of de-energisation rubidium atomic transition.
For realizing above-mentioned functions, need in single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169, finish program as shown in Figure 2, be specially:
(1) main program begins;
(2) system clock is set;
(3) configuration SPI0 and PWM;
(4) send the fractional frequency division coefficient;
(5) main program finishes.
Wherein, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 system clock adopts 2 fractional frequency signals of Rb atom frequency marking standard 10MHz output frequency, can guarantee the high accuracy controlled, pwm signal adopts the hardware PWM of single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 to produce, the PWM output signal is connected to the frequency values of chip AD9956 and selects input PS0, level then with pwm signal " high-low " saltus step, just following two direct saltus steps of frequency, can realize the FSK keying modulated by frequency shift to DDS by the output frequency of DDS on the PS0 pin.The program that is adopted among this single-chip microcomputer MSP430F1697, those of ordinary skill with reference to the accompanying drawings 2 and chip AD9956 product data sheet do not pay any creative work and all can design program.
Adopt the Rb atom frequency marking of digital phase-locked loop (PLL) the frequency multiplier system making of this invention, through realizing the closed loop locking after the simple debugging.Preliminary its standard output frequency index of test, weak point surely reaches 3E-11/s, reaches general merchandise Rb atom frequency marking level.
Claims (2)
1. rubidium atom frequency scale digital phase-locking frequency doubler, it comprises digital phase-locked loop (11), microwave amplifier (8), step match circuit (9), single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 (7), it is characterized in that: digital phase-locked loop (11) is by chip AD9956 (10), loop low pass filter (2), voltage controlled oscillator (3), microwave power distributor (4), 10M low pass filter (6) is formed, outside 10MHz VCXO output signal is connected to the input of digital phase-locked loop (11), the output of digital phase-locked loop (11) connects the input of microwave amplifier (8), the output of microwave amplifier (8) connects the input of step match circuit (9), the output of step match circuit (9) is the output of frequency multiplier, single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 (7) and chip AD9956 (10) are provided with the fractional frequency division ratio of digital frequency synthesizer (5) by the SPI communication, and single-chip microcomputer MSP430F169 (7) also carries out FSK to the output signal of digital frequency synthesizer (5) and modulates and realize voltage controlled oscillator (3) output carrying out frequency modulation.
2. a kind of rubidium atom frequency scale digital phase-locking frequency doubler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digital phase-locked loop (11) is by chip AD9956 (10), loop low pass filter (2), voltage controlled oscillator (3), microwave power distributor (4), 10M low pass filter (6) is formed, chip AD9956 (10) is integrated phase discriminator (1) and digital frequency synthesizer (5), the output of phase discriminator (1) connects the input of voltage controlled oscillator (3) by loop low pass filter (2), voltage controlled oscillator (3) connects the input of microwave power distributor (4), microwave power distributor (4) has two-way output, one the tunnel connects the input of microwave amplifier (8), another road connects the input of digital frequency synthesizer (5) integrated in the chip AD9956 (10), digital frequency synthesizer (5) output connects 10MHz low pass filter (6), and 10MHz low pass filter (6) output connects the input of phase discriminator (1).
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| CN101626239B (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2012-06-27 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Inactive type rubidium atom frequency scale suitable for chip integration |
| JPWO2010047005A1 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2012-03-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | Digital PLL circuit and communication apparatus |
| CN102006060A (en) * | 2010-11-08 | 2011-04-06 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Harmonic phase locking frequency source and phase locking method thereof |
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| CN105515573A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-04-20 | 青岛盛嘉信息科技有限公司 | Frequency signal source |
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| CN105978563A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Digital phase-locked modulation frequency multiplier for rubidium atomic frequency standard |
| CN109474275B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2022-06-07 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Method and device for controlling frequency of hydrogen atom frequency scale microwave cavity |
| CN109787560B (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2023-01-10 | 石家庄市凯拓电子技术有限公司 | Frequency scale multiplier |
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