CN101031722A - 压缩机的噪音抑制 - Google Patents

压缩机的噪音抑制 Download PDF

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CN101031722A
CN101031722A CNA2005800334088A CN200580033408A CN101031722A CN 101031722 A CN101031722 A CN 101031722A CN A2005800334088 A CNA2005800334088 A CN A2005800334088A CN 200580033408 A CN200580033408 A CN 200580033408A CN 101031722 A CN101031722 A CN 101031722A
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compressor
centerbody
rotor
silencing apparatus
discharge plenum
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CN101031722B (zh
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D·M·罗克威尔
L·G·特图
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Carrier Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/06Silencing
    • F04C29/068Silencing the silencing means being arranged inside the pump housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F04C18/165Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type having more than two rotary pistons with parallel axes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C27/00Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C27/008Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids for other than working fluid, i.e. the sealing arrangements are not between working chambers of the machine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/04Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
    • F04C29/042Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation by injecting a fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/06Silencing
    • F04C29/061Silencers using overlapping frequencies, e.g. Helmholtz resonators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/12Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2250/00Geometry
    • F04C2250/10Geometry of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C2250/101Geometry of the inlet or outlet of the inlet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49236Fluid pump or compressor making

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种压缩机,其包括外壳和一个或多个工作元件。消声器设置在排气压力腔的下游。中心体设置在消声器上游的排气压力腔内,并且在轴承壳体与该消声器的之间一大部分长度上跨接延伸。

Description

压缩机的噪音抑制
技术领域
本发明涉及压缩机,尤其涉及螺杆式压缩机中噪音和振动的抑制。
背景技术
在容积式压缩机中,气体离散的容积在吸气压力下汇集、压缩、并在排气压力下排出。汇集和排气过程均可能产生压力脉冲和相关的噪音。因此,在压缩机的噪音抑制领域中已经得到了良好的发展。
一种类型的吸收性消声器涉及使得从压缩机工作元件排出的制冷剂流流经噪音吸收材料(例如纤维填料或泡沫材料)的内环形层和外环形层之间的环形间隙。公开号为2004/0065504 A1的美国专利申请公布了这种简化的消声器及其改进的变型,其中具有在内层之中形成整体的赫尔姆霍茨共振器。该专利‘504的公开内容通过引证结合到本发明中并作详细地描述。
发明内容
依据本发明一方面,提供了一种压缩机,其包括外壳和一个或多个工作元件。消声器设置在排气压力腔的下游。中心体设置在消声器上游的排气压力腔内,并且在轴承壳体与该消声器的之间一大部分长度上跨接延伸。
中心体的截面面积朝向下游逐渐扩展。该中心体可加入到重新设计或重新配置的现有压缩机构造中,和/或加入到到先前缺少这种共振器的现有压缩机再制造中。在重新设计/重新配置过程中,可以使中心体的参数最优化,以提供使得经过排气压力腔的压力降最小化的所需程度。
附图说明
参照以下的附图和详细描述来阐述本发明的一个或多个实施例。结合以下的附图和详细描述以及权利要求,可更好地理解本发明的其它的特征、目的和优点,在附图中:
图1是压缩机的纵剖面图;
图2是图1中压缩机排气压力腔的放大图;
图3是沿线3-3截取图1中压缩机的截面图;和
图4是沿线4-4截取图1中压缩机的截面图。
在各个图中相同的附图标记和符号表示相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了具有壳体或外壳组件22的压缩机20。该示范性的压缩机是具有三转子的螺杆式气密压缩机,其具有带有各自中心纵轴线500、502、和504的转子26、28、和30。在示范性实施例中,第一转子26是由同轴电动机32驱动的凸叶状转子,并且该第一转子与凹叶状转子28和30啮合并驱动凹叶状转子28和30。在示范性实施例中,凸转子轴线500也形成压缩机20整体的中心纵轴线。转子工作部分位于壳体组件22的转子壳体部段34中,并可由轴承36支撑并由在相应转子工作部分的每一端部与转子轴接合的密封件38来封闭。由电动机32驱动时,转子沿着自吸气压力腔40至排气压力腔42的流动路径泵送并压缩一种工作流(如制冷剂)。在示范性实施例中,吸气压力腔40设置在转子壳体34的上游端中,并且排气压力腔基本上设置在排气壳体46中,该排气壳体借助轴承壳体48与转子壳体分开并具有基本上朝向下游渐缩的内表面49。在示范性实施例中,轴承盖/固定板50设置在轴承壳体48的下游端上,以便用于固定轴承架。在消声器壳体54中的消声器52位于排气壳体46的下游。油分离器单元60位于消声器52的下游,该油分离器单元60具有保持着分离器筛网64的壳体62。油返回管66从壳体62延伸,以便使得被筛网64阻挡的油返回到(未示出的)润滑系统中。具有出口端口69的出口压力腔68在筛网64的下游。
示范性的消声器52包括由大致环形的间隙74分开的环形内元件和外元件70和72,(该间隙例如被用于固定/定位内元件70的支撑片隔断)。这些元件可由噪音吸收材料(例如为装入尼龙和钢筛网中的玻璃纤维填料)形成。在示范性实施例中,内元件70借助内部的具有小孔的套筒76(例如为尼龙或金属丝网或带有孔的/展开的金属板)固定并与间隙74分隔开,并且外元件72借助外部的具有小孔的套筒78以相似的方式分隔开和固定。在示范性实施例中,外元件72被装入外套筒80之中(外套筒例如为以相似方式形成在套筒76和78上),外套筒伸缩地接纳在壳体54之中。套筒80和78由环形板82和84在上游和下游端处接合。在示范性实施例中,套筒76的上游端由圆盘86密闭并且下游端由环形板90密闭。在示范性实施例中,无孔的中央芯部94(例如钢管)延伸穿过内元件70并伸出其下游端。
在运行中,经压缩的气流离开螺杆转子26、28、30的压缩腔并流入排气压力腔42。当该气流离开压缩机排气压力腔时,该气流进入消声器壳体54并流向环形间隙74。当离开消声器的气流时,该气流通常夹带有小油滴,并且该气流流经油分离筛网64。该筛网64收集气体中夹带的任何油并借助管道66使其返回到油处理系统。该气体离开油分离筛网并进入压力腔68并朝向(未示出的)冷凝器离开该出口69。
如以上所述,压缩机可为现有的结构,而且本发明的原理可应用于不同的结构。
依据本发明,中心体120定位在转子和消声器之间的流动通路中。图2示出了具有自圆形上游端/面124至圆形下游面126延伸的基本呈截头圆锥体的外表面122的中心体120。
图3示出了用于排出经压缩的制冷剂的排气端口200和202,其通向出口压力腔42。排气端口200和202定向成便于将离开转子的气流引导到排气压力腔42。所述端口定位在由凸转子和凹转子之间啮合所形成的压缩腔的端部。在两个转子的结构中,只需要一个排气端口。所述端口引导流动围着存在于排气轴承36和密封38之中的腔隙流动。腔隙由轴承盖50封闭。
各种材料和技术可用于制造中心体。中心体可基本上由模制塑料(例如非泡沫聚丙烯或充注玻璃的尼龙)或由聚合泡沫中的至少一种构造成或由(例如模制成一个或多个部分或由一个或多个部分切割成的)膨胀颗粒材料构造成。
在示范性实施例中,中心体的总体尺寸和外形如此选择,即,便于提供从排气端口到消声器的平滑过渡。因此,上游/前面124的尺寸确定成与由板50界定的端口200和202的内侧轮廓相符合。这可以是:在半径处基本上等于转子26的工作部件的齿根半径。相似的,下游/后面126的尺寸确定成与消声器的内元件相符合(例如具有相似的外半径)。
共振器的工程配置和/或最优化可采取自基础至细节的各种水平的措施并可包括各种理论的/模拟的和/或经验的/实验的步骤。可计算和/或测量获得压力差,(例如在排气压力腔的上游端和下游端之间,在排气压力腔的上游端和沿消声器或在消声器下游的位置之间,等等)。声音可以测量,(在一个或多个离散的目标频率范围的对于排气压力腔内部和外部)。
例如,可仅仅基于几何形状(例如消声器内元件直径以及轴承壳体端口之间的间隙)和重建原型来选择中心体尺寸和形状的第一近似。借助原型,在目标速度时压力差和/或噪音的一个或多个参数可测量得到。中心体尺寸和形状的至少一个产生可选择/改变,并且在重复过程中再次测量的所述一个或多个参数可获得这些参数的所需水平。
可将中心体结合到压缩机的再制造中或压缩机结构的重新配置过程中。在重新配置或再制造过成中,可将各种现有元件基本保留。
以上已经描述了本发明的一个或多个实施例。然而,应当理解的是,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可作出各种变型。例如,在重新配置或再制造情况下,现有系统的细节可显著地影响或决定所实施的细节。因此,其它的实施例也落在以下的权利要求的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种压缩机,其包括:
壳体;
具有第一转动轴线的第一转子;
具有第二转动轴线并与所述第一转子啮合的第二转子;
具有第三转动轴线并与所述第一转子啮合的第三转子;
出口压力腔;
在所述出口压力腔下游的消声器;
在所述出口压力腔内的中心体,该中心体在轴承壳体与该消声器的之间一大部分长度上跨接延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
该中心体大致从轴承壳体延伸到消声器。
3.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
所述中心体与所述第一转子是同轴的。
4.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
所述中心体外表面是大致呈截头圆锥体形状的。
5.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
该中心体具有朝下游大致连续增大的横截面。
6.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:所述中心体的下游部分的横截面比所述中心体上游部分的横截面至少大20%。
7.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:所述中心体外表面朝向所述消声器方向基本上是渐扩的。
8.如权利要求1所述的压缩机,其特征在于:所述中心体基本上由模制塑料、聚合体泡沫、和膨胀颗粒材料中的至少一种构造成。
9.一种用于对权利要求1所述压缩机进行工程配置的方法,其包括:
测量反映经过排气压力腔的压力降低的参数;和
选择所述中心体的至少一个参数以减小该压力降低。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:
还包括测量噪音参数,其中所述改变降低该噪音。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:
所述至少一个参数包括中心体截面的流线型变化。
12.一种压缩机,其包括:
外壳;
一个或多个工作元件;
排气压力腔;
在所述排气压力腔下游的消声器;和
在所述消声器上游位于所述排气压力腔中用于限制所述一个或多个工作元件的出口与消声器的出口之间的压力降的装置。
13.如权利要求12所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
所述一个或多个工作元件包括:
凸状螺杆转子;和
与该凸状螺杆转子啮合的凹状螺杆转子。
14.如权利要求12所述的压缩机,其特征在于:
该装置包括大致为截头圆锥体形状。
15.一种压缩机,其包括:
壳体;
一个或多个工作元件;
排气压力腔;
在所述排气压力腔下游的消声器;和
在所述消声器上游位于所述排气压力腔中的中心流动导向元件。
16.一种用于再制造压缩机或重新配置所述压缩机结构的方法,其包括:
提供初始的这种压缩机或结构,其具有:
外壳;
具有第一转动轴线的第一转子;
具有第二转动轴线并与所述第一转子啮合的第二转子;
具有第三转动轴线并被所述第一转子啮合的第三转子;和
排气压力腔;以及
在所述排气压力腔中设置中心体。
17.如权利要求16所述方法,其特征在于:
所述设置,使得所述中心体定位在消声器上游,该消声器在内和外吸音装置之间具有大致环形的主流动通路部段。
18.如权利要求16所述方法,其特征在于:
所述设置使得所述壳体和所述第一、第二、和第三转子基本不改变。
19.如权利要求16所述方法,其特征在于:还具有
选择中心体的几何形状以便降低经过排气压力腔的压力降。
20.如权利要求16所述方法,其特征在于:还具有
选择中心体的几何形状以便降低由排气压力腔发出的噪音。
CN2005800334088A 2004-09-30 2005-09-14 压缩机 Expired - Fee Related CN101031722B (zh)

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