CN101015024A - Junction process for a ceramic material and a metallic material with the interposition of a transition material - Google Patents

Junction process for a ceramic material and a metallic material with the interposition of a transition material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101015024A
CN101015024A CNA200580030241XA CN200580030241A CN101015024A CN 101015024 A CN101015024 A CN 101015024A CN A200580030241X A CNA200580030241X A CN A200580030241XA CN 200580030241 A CN200580030241 A CN 200580030241A CN 101015024 A CN101015024 A CN 101015024A
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China
Prior art keywords
described method
previous
fire resistive
composition surface
transition material
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CNA200580030241XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
斯蒂芬鲁·李伯纳
伊利瑟·维斯卡
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Materials Central Development Corp
Italy New Technology Energy And Environment Bureau (enea)
Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie lEnergia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile ENEA
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Materials Central Development Corp
Italy New Technology Energy And Environment Bureau (enea)
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Publication of CN101015024A publication Critical patent/CN101015024A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
    • B23K35/007—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of copper or another noble metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
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    • C04B2235/5256—Two-dimensional, e.g. woven structures
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    • C04B2235/5268—Orientation of the fibers
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    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • C04B2235/6581—Total pressure below 1 atmosphere, e.g. vacuum
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/122—Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/124—Metallic interlayers based on copper
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
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    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/38—Fiber or whisker reinforced
    • C04B2237/385—Carbon or carbon composite
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    • C04B2237/60—Forming at the joining interface or in the joining layer specific reaction phases or zones, e.g. diffusion of reactive species from the interlayer to the substrate or from a substrate to the joining interface, carbide forming at the joining interface
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    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/61—Joining two substrates of which at least one is porous by infiltrating the porous substrate with a liquid, such as a molten metal, causing bonding of the two substrates, e.g. joining two porous carbon substrates by infiltrating with molten silicon
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/68—Forming laminates or joining articles wherein at least one substrate contains at least two different parts of macro-size, e.g. one ceramic substrate layer containing an embedded conductor or electrode
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    • C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
    • C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
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    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0077—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for tempering, e.g. with cooling or heating circuits for temperature control of elements
    • F28D2021/0078—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for tempering, e.g. with cooling or heating circuits for temperature control of elements in the form of cooling walls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention refers to a method useful for obtaining junctions having high qualities of mechanical resistance and capabilities of heat conduction between materials with different physical properties, and in particular ceramic/metal junctions or ceramic/metal composites in which the different thermal expansion coefficient entails remarkable stresses in the interface both during the junction process and their industrial application. The issues solved with the proposed method are the metal's difficulty of wetting the surfaces to be coupled and the general low mechanical resistance to tensile stress of ceramics or ceramic compounds. The first issue is solved with the application of a Titanium-base alloy that, by combining with the ceramic at a surface level enables metal to wet the surface. The second issue is solved by increasing the specific surface of the ceramic or compound, machining it through long-pitch multi-start thread.

Description

By inserting the method that transition material engages stupalith and metal material
Technical field
The present invention relates to by inserting the method that transition material engages stupalith and metal material.Stupalith refers in particular to the graphite fiber compound, and metal material refers in particular to copper pipe, and transition material is preferably copper or aldary.The present invention has found the preferred version of the gatherer that is used to make fusion reactor, in particular for the fabrication scheme of tokamak type reactor.
Background technology
Various aspects in the present technique field, the material that people need to have different physicochemical properties engages with the material that can bear high thermal stress.In such joint, material is subjected to the influence of its hot-fluid that contacts, and in the actual mechanical process of identical manufacture process that engages and assembly, induces to produce high mechanical stress on these materials.Particularly importantly, when temperature equated, the different thermal expansivity of material caused the different distortion of material.
Described problem especially occurs in the fusion reactor field, is specifically to occur in the manufacture process of gatherer of so-called tokamak type reactor.
Those skilled in the art know, and gatherer is to be used for heat is passed to the conduction heat exchanger of cooling medium from plasma, and this cooling medium flows in the metal tube of described gatherer inside.Therefore, tokamak reactor gatherer is under the hot-fluid of unusual high temperature, especially at 20MW/m 2Condition under can bear the assembly of thermal stress.Thereby in the ceramic refractory such as tungsten or graphite fiber compound (CFC) etc., described metal tube should be avoided contacting with the direct of plasma by an external coating.Typical gatherer roughly is divided into two zones: in first zone; the hot-fluid of one higher temperatures is provided; metal tube is by carbon base body complex (carbon fiber composite: CFC) protect; and in second zone; the hot-fluid of a lower temperature is provided, and metal tube is protected by a plurality of or single tungsten (W) piece.
As mentioned above; engaging between metal tube and the stupalith that shields (shielding ceramic material) should be able to be born the hot-fluid that produces in the manufacture process; and can guarantee optimal heat exchange performance, even after the thousands of machine cycles, still can reach like this.
Yet, as mentioned above, consider the temperature contrast of the plasma that contacts with outside surface and cooling medium even reach 2000 ℃ that because different expansion coefficient, hot-fluid is induced and produced a large amount of mechanical stresses in the material that engages.For example, the pipe of being made by copper or aldary has at 500 ℃ and approximates 20 * 10 -6Thermal expansivity (thermal expansioncoefficient, TEC), and fire-proof dope in fact only has zero thermal expansion coefficient (TEC).
The mechanical stress of being induced by the different expansion coefficient of grafting material means the distortion that can make material production crackle, crack or other physical damage etc., and these physical damage comprise the damage of assembly operation and component safety aspect.
For solving these defectives, people attempt placing the suitable thickness material of a kind of soft being called " conversion (transition) " material between fire resistive material and metal tube.The function of this transition material is the greatest differences of offsetting the thermal expansivity between fire resistive material and the metal tube, and " tolerates (bearing) " to avoid the distortion in described crackle or crack etc. as the machinery between fire resistive material and the metal tube.
Yet, should be noted that, transition material (usually and especially adopting the copper that is in molten state) can not be diffused into and (especially can not be diffused in the graphite) wetted material in the stupalith being created in two kinds of continuitys between the material, and this continuity just is that to obtain a good bond necessary.Even under hot conditions, can not successfully realize above-mentioned diffusion.
For solving the problem of transition material to the wettability of fire resistive material generation, people attempt proposing to use the technology cause titanium that is called " chemical vapor deposition effect " (Chemical vapour deposition) to vaporize and activate described fire resistive material.Yet the manufacture method of this joint is complexity and cost height very.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide the manufacture method of the joint of the above-mentioned type, and overcome above-mentioned defective in conjunction with known technology.
Method according to claim 1 can address this problem.
According to identical invention theory, the invention still further relates to a heat exchanger, according to claim 34, this heat exchanger refers in particular to a gatherer.
Preferable characteristics of the present invention will be set forth in relevant claim.
The invention provides a plurality of relevant advantages, can better be understood from following concrete description.Major advantage of the present invention be by a kind of effectively and the low cost method step obtain the joint of a high mechanical resistance and high thermal resistance.
Description of drawings
The mode of other advantage of the present invention, characteristics and employing will be listed so that the embodiment form is on purpose clear in the specific descriptions of following examples, and in conjunction with the following drawings as a reference, wherein:
* Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are respectively SEM (scanning electron microscope) figure that shows that Dunlop678 type Cu//CFC engages.This joint is made according to method of the present invention.
* Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are respectively and show the SEM figure that engages.This joint is made according to method of the present invention.
Joint method of the present invention will be background, mainly be described with the manufacturing of the gatherer of tokamak reactor with a preferred application scheme.
Embodiment
As described in introducing, such gatherer imagination is by inserting external coating and the interior metal tube that transition material comes the bonding refractory ceramic material.Crooked and when having the conical geometry of admitting described pipe basically when gatherer, be bonded on the surface that is used to engage fire resistive material and carry out.
Preferred embodiment according to the present invention, stupalith are graphite fiber compound (CFC), and transition material is the copper of OFHC (" oxygen-free high-conductivity is electrical ").
As what mention usually in introducing, the CFC compound is specially adapted to make the zone that has thermal stress in the gatherer most.Another different embodiment then proposes to be applicable to the zone that has less stress in the manufacturing gatherer as the tungsten (W) of fire resistive material.
Fire resistive material is with the form manufacturing of piece or brick, to be applied to the surface of the pipe that cooling medium flows through.
In first step that engages manufacture method, in fire resistive material, wear a hole that is used to admit described pipe.
Then, the inside surface in the hole, promptly described composition surface makes a cylinder multi-step thread therein by machining, preferably makes one seven head thread.Preferably, this screw thread has the depth range of about 0.3-1.0mm, and the best degree of depth approximates 0.6mm.
Once more, the inside surface in hole preferably carries out chemical cleaning with acetone by the chemical cleaning (chemical cleaning) of transition material being prepared joint in known ultrasonic drilling machine.Then, the inside surface in dry hole is preferably in and carries out drying under about 200 ℃ in air furnace.
In the next step of described method, fire resistive material outgases in vacuum drying oven, preferably is being higher than 10 -5The vacuum condition of mbar and outgas being higher than under about 1350 ℃ temperature conditions.The purpose of this step is in order to reduce the material that residues in fire resistive material of the next step that may influence described method.
According to of the present invention, joint method is designed to carry out pre-brazing with spelter solder or alloy, preferably carries out pre-brazing with titanium-copper-nickel alloy, and for example available alloy of being produced by Wesgo company carries out pre-brazing.Preferably, this pre-brazing is in about 900-1200 ℃ temperature range, especially is being higher than under about 1050 ℃ temperature, is being higher than about 10 -5Carry out 5 minutes processing under the vacuum of mbar.
Brazing alloy provides with the form of paper tinsel and is positioned in the hole of fire resistive material, the whole zone that is used to engage with covering.Then, place vacuum drying oven to handle fire resistive material-brazing alloy assembly parts, the treatment temperature of employing is the temperature that is suitable for forming at two kinds of storerooms that assembled compound.The compound of Xing Chenging is exactly that next step is used for the activating agent that engages with transition material thus.In the present embodiment, described activating agent is the TiC compound, and it has the superpower performance that is diffused in the graphite.
In the final stage that stove is handled, remove unnecessary crystalline copper solder alloy with conventional method.
Then, transition material can be positioned in the hole, and be assemblied in about 10 -6The vacuum pressure of mbar and being higher than under the temperature of this transition material fusing point was handled 5 minutes in vacuum drying oven.Therefore, in this case, stove is handled being higher than under 1083 ℃ of temperature and is carried out, and this temperature is the fusing point of copper.In addition, temperature, time and pressure that stove is handled should be able to bring viscosity to transition material, make its each position that can penetrate into the screw thread that forms in the hole, and penetrate into and present the morphologic any porous part of fire resistive material.
At last, remove unnecessary transition material, till reaching required thickness with conventional method.The last thickness of transition material is preferably in the scope of about 0.5-1.0mm.
At last, fire resistive material described herein " watt (tiles) " or piece pass through as brazing, high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (HlPping, Hot lsostatic Pressing), heat pressing process (HRP radially, Hot Radial Pressing) or other similar techniques join metal tube to, in the present embodiment, this metal tube is made up of aldary.
In fact, according to of the present invention, process by brazing alloy activation fire resistive material is that the application with transition material separates, and can obtain the activation of optimal fire resistive material prior to the application of transition material, and therefore can realize the optimal joint of transition material.
Therefore, in practice, method of the present invention is that (pre-brazedsurface PBC) finishes the joint of stupalith and transition material by transition material being placed pre-brazing surface.
In addition, must be noted that under very high temperature (for example, 1000 ℃) that the joint method of any kind need bear in brazing or the very high unrelieved stress on the interface between grafting material in casting cycle.In addition, fire resistive material (especially at the graphite of compound state, as CFC) demonstrates low mechanical resistance.Therefore, engaging process has in this way obtain engage, and in this joint method, active surface only increases a little to some extent.
In the present embodiment, solve this problem by screw thread.In fact, this solution increases the active surface of fire resistive material effectively, the application of this method or even separately and be independent of the described theme of the present invention of independent claims.In addition, be very cheap method based on making the solution that screw thread proposed, and pass through high quantity laser to make the solution of shallow micropore more effective than known in some cases.
In addition, based on the solution of making screw thread the another one advantage is arranged, promptly in fact many fire resistive materials (wherein also comprising graphite) are anisotropic.In fact, when active surface is extended on an equal basis, use multi-step thread can allow " lengthening (lengthen) " this screw thread, prevent the more part of cut-out or the interruption of firm fiber (longitudinal fiber in the example of CFC just) fire resistive material.
In the above-described embodiment, method of the present invention has been passed through the evaluation of hot test, and this hot test can be induced the similar stress that produces in generation and manufacturing and the job step.
Special test is that the product of joint is heated to 400 ℃ in air, at room temperature place water to cool off then rapidly.This processing repeats 30 times and tests.
In order to support this qualification assessment method,, adopt the pulse-echo ultrasonic technique to carry out metallographic research (optical microscope and SEM) and nondestructive contrast for sample.These have illustrated that all described joint method can bear these thermal shocks.Therefore, described joint also can bear violent temporary impact, for example those situations common in the assembly of gatherer.
Described test is carried out on two types CFC, and concrete is:
* two-dimentional CFC, promptly its fiber mainly towards both direction (especially commercialization can with the material that is called " Dunlop678 byDunlop ", i.e. the Dunlop678 product of Dunlop company); And
* three-dimensional CFC, promptly in the preparation of matrix, its fiber is towards three directions, can provide more all even complex with better mechanical property and thermal characteristics (especially commercialization can with the material that is called " NB31 by SECMA ", i.e. the NB31 product of SECMA company).
Result for Dunlop678 type Cu//CFC joint
The result who engages is outstanding have been illustrated: in fact this graphite complex by the two dimensional technique design has high open structure and a plurality of cave, so does not need the intervention of screw thread and can obtain good joint.
Photomicrograph that SEM research as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 obtains and figure give prominence to and illustrated: transition material copper has the ability that is penetrated into this complex matrix nature space.This ability is main to be because the existence of titanium (TiC) allows fire resistive material to have wettability by transition material.
Result for NB31 type Cu//CFC joint
This graphite matrix is fine and close more and do not have a cave; For obtaining the most desirable and top quality joint, increase the active surface of material by making multiple-threaded method.
In addition, the pitch thread of intersecting about test, but consider the factor of resistance needs the head that interlocks with 7 1mm-, can obtain best result.
In thermal stress before the cycle and afterwards, carry out metallography test and Ultrasonic Detection.
Before water logging ultrasonic probe test and afterwards, carry out ultrasonic scanning (C-scan) at xsect respectively.C-scan has illustrated the amplitude image of the reflection that obtains from interface.From the figure that produces, can infer that this amplitude image has shown before test and the identical distribution after the test, thereby detection is less than any separation.
The sample photomicrograph of after the heat test, carrying out, visible Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
The present invention is so far described in conjunction with preferred embodiment.It should be explicitly made clear at this point according to core of the present invention other embodiment to be arranged, these embodiment all drop within the protection domain of the following claim that will describe.

Claims (38)

1, by inserting the method that transition material comes bonding refractory ceramic material and metal material, may further comprise the steps:
(a) use spelter solder at the composition surface of described fire resistive material, with described composition surface the above stupalith and metal material between form reactive compound; And
(b) follow described step (a), on described composition surface, melt described transition material and described fire resistive material, thereby obtain the joint of two kinds of materials by described spelter solder activation.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described composition surface is essentially crooked shape.
3, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described composition surface is essentially right cylinder.
4, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described fire resistive material comprises the graphite fiber compound.
5, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described fire resistive material is graphite fiber compound, i.e. CFC.
6, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described fire resistive material comprises tungsten.
7, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described step (a) provides the described spelter solder that occurs with the paper tinsel form.
8, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described step (a) is carried out in vacuum drying oven.
9, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described spelter solder is the alloy of titanium, copper and mickel.
10, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described step (a) is carried out in 900-1200 ℃ temperature range.
11, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described step (a) is carried out under 1050 ℃ temperature.
12, according to the described method of one of claim 9 to 11, it is characterized in that: described step (a) is being lower than 10 -5Carry out under the pressure of mbar.
13, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described reactive compound is titanium carbide, i.e. TiC.
14, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described step (b) makes described transition material have viscosity and can infiltrate under the temperature at porous position of the fire resistive material that is activated by described spelter solder and carry out at one.
15, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described step (b) is carried out in vacuum drying oven.
16, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described transition material is copper or aldary.
17, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described transition material is " oxygen-free high-conductivity is electrical " copper, i.e. OFHC copper.
18, according to claim 16 or 17 described methods, it is characterized in that: described step (b) is 10 -6Carry out under the vacuum pressure of mbar.
19, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described step (b) is carried out under the temperature of the fusing point that is higher than described transition material.
20, according to the described method of previous claim, when by claim 16 or 17 whens decision, it is characterized in that: described step (b) is carried out being higher than under 1083 ℃ the temperature.
21, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: in described step (b) afterwards, described transition material has the thickness in the 0.5-1.0mm scope.
22, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: in described step (a) before, comprise that a described composition surface carries out the step of chemical cleaning.
23, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: in described step (a) before, comprise the step of a described fire resistive material degassing.
24, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: in described step (a) before, comprise a step (α) that prolongs described composition surface.
25, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described step (α) is provided at the screw thread of making on the described composition surface.
26, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described screw thread has a plurality of heads.
27, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described screw thread has seven statures.
28, according to the described method of one of claim 25 to 27, it is characterized in that: described screw thread has the degree of depth in the 0.3-1.0mm scope.
29, according to the described method of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described screw thread has a degree of depth that equals 0.6mm.
30, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: between step (a) and step (b), a step of removing unnecessary spelter solder is arranged.
31, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: in step (b) afterwards, a step that engages with described metal material by certain technology is arranged, this technology be selected from high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) be HIPping or radially heat pressing process be HRP.
32, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described metal material is made up of aldary.
33, according to the described method of any one claim of front, it is characterized in that: described metal material is a pipe.
34, a kind of heat exchanger with backplate of the heat transfer of being applicable to, described backplate comprise the joint that obtains according to the front described method of any one claim, and this joint is by inserting transition material engaging of forming between heat proof material and the metal material.
35, according to the described heat exchanger of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described metal material is the pipe that is used to admit cooling medium.
36, according to claim 34 or 35 described heat exchangers, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger is the gatherer of thermonuclear reactor.
37, according to the described heat exchanger of previous claim, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger is the gatherer of tokamak reactor.
38, a kind of tokamak reactor comprises according to the described gatherer of the claim of front.
CNA200580030241XA 2004-07-20 2005-07-20 Junction process for a ceramic material and a metallic material with the interposition of a transition material Pending CN101015024A (en)

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CN106695043A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-24 核工业西南物理研究院 Carbon base material and copper brazing connection method

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JP7048061B1 (en) * 2021-08-20 2022-04-05 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 Bond of carbon material and tungsten material and its manufacturing method

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CN101315814B (en) * 2008-06-28 2011-07-13 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 Vacuum feed port ceramic sealing structure of ion-turbulent resonance heating antenna
CN106695043A (en) * 2016-12-22 2017-05-24 核工业西南物理研究院 Carbon base material and copper brazing connection method

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WO2006024971A3 (en) 2006-07-13
JP2008507465A (en) 2008-03-13

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