CN113319418A - Molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method - Google Patents
Molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113319418A CN113319418A CN202110733023.3A CN202110733023A CN113319418A CN 113319418 A CN113319418 A CN 113319418A CN 202110733023 A CN202110733023 A CN 202110733023A CN 113319418 A CN113319418 A CN 113319418A
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- rhenium alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
Abstract
The invention discloses a molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method, and relates to the technical field of alloy welding. The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing molybdenum-rhenium alloy connection mainly adopts interlayer polarity welding, but the introduction of the interlayer can lead the process flow to be complex, and the type of the interlayer material can also influence the high-temperature performance of the material. The method comprises the following steps: ultrasonic cleaning; assembling a tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy, and putting the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into a diffusion furnace; and operating the diffusion furnace to complete welding. The invention has the advantages of low application temperature and few welding defects of the joint, and the quality of the joint is obviously improved. And the processing shape and size are not limited, so that the method is more suitable for actual industrial production. The invention does not introduce an intermediate layer material, and the high-temperature performance is not influenced by the intermediate layer. The invention is used for butt welding of molybdenum-rhenium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy welding.
Background
Molybdenum and rhenium belong to rare metals, and the molybdenum-rhenium alloy has a plurality of excellent high-temperature properties such as high melting point and boiling point, low vapor pressure, high density, high-temperature hardness and high-temperature strength, and is widely applied to the fields of metal processing, electronic industry, aerospace and nuclear industry, military and the like. The main material of the fuel rods used in the currently widely used pressurized water reactors is molybdenum-rhenium alloy. Because the molybdenum-rhenium alloy has obvious low-temperature brittle failure tendency and generates great thermal stress in the welding process, a large amount of cracks and air holes are always formed in the welding joint. For the fusion welding process, too high welding temperature can cause coarse grains of a heat affected zone and a welding seam, so that the mechanical property of a joint is seriously reduced, and if electron beam welding is adopted, the welding workpiece cannot be too large due to the size of a vacuum chamber, so that the application value is not high. Neither the resistance welding nor the friction welding is suitable for workpieces with complex structures or fine structures of workpieces, and mass production cannot be realized. The brazing filler metal used in the brazing method has a low melting point, so that the high-temperature use performance of the material can be reduced.
Diffusion welding, as a solid state joining method, has advantages that other welding methods are not comparable. Diffusion welding is carried out in vacuum, influence of gas impurities on joints does not exist, products do not need to be subjected to secondary processing through diffusion connection of different components, and complex structures which cannot be achieved in machining can be achieved. At present, the diffusion bonding technology aiming at the molybdenum-rhenium alloy is mainly focused on the aspect of diffusion welding with an interlayer, but the introduction of the interlayer can lead the process flow to be complex, and the type of the interlayer material can also influence the high-temperature performance of the material, so that the research on the direct diffusion bonding of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion connection method, aiming at solving the problems that the existing molybdenum-rhenium alloy connection mainly adopts interlayer polarity welding, but the introduction of an interlayer can cause the process flow to be complex, and the type of the interlayer material can also influence the high-temperature performance of the material.
A molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, immersing a tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into acetone, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
secondly, assembling and fixing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy cleaned in the first two sections by using a clamp, then placing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into a diffusion furnace, closing a furnace door, vacuumizing, and setting the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 0.9-1.1 MPa;
thirdly, operating a diffusion furnace program, wherein the program is set as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the heating rate is controlled to be 5-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is increased to 1300-1600 ℃; and then controlling the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 10MPa, preserving the heat for 1-3 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to finish the process.
Further, the molybdenum-rhenium alloy in the second step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: re is 12-15%, C is less than 0.01%, N is less than 0.01%, O is less than 0.01%, and the balance is Mo.
Further, the clamp in the second step is made of graphite. The clamp made of graphite materials is divided into an upper-layer graphite block and a lower-layer graphite block. The lower graphite block is provided with a plurality of grooves for assembling the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy.
And further, in the second step, the surfaces to be welded of the two sections of tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloys are tightly fixed and assembled together.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the surfaces of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy are contacted with each other under the applied high temperature and pressure, the contacted surfaces are subjected to microscopic plastic deformation to form a bonding layer, and then atoms of the two are subjected to sufficient mutual diffusion for a sufficient time, so that the whole reliable connection is formed.
The invention has many advantages over fusion welding methods. The fusion welding method is adopted to apply temperature to a certain point of a welding seam, so that the temperature of the application position is obviously higher than that of other parts, the temperature distribution is not uniform, the local heating is more, and the defects of residual stress, cracks and the like are easily caused. The diffusion welding material is heated in the furnace integrally, and the temperature distribution is uniform. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of low application temperature and less welding defects (mainly cracks and air holes) of the joint, and the quality of the joint is obviously improved.
Compared with resistance welding and friction welding methods, the method has the advantages that the processing shape and size are not limited, and the method is more suitable for actual industrial production.
The process selected by the invention has higher processing temperature and applied pressure, can realize connection without using an intermediate layer, and has the advantages of no introduction of an intermediate layer material, no influence of the intermediate layer on high-temperature performance and simple process compared with the brazing and diffusion connection technology with the intermediate layer.
The invention realizes the butt welding of the molybdenum-rhenium alloy, the mechanical property of the joint meets the actual production requirement, and the tensile strength reaches 300 MPa.
The invention is used for butt welding of molybdenum-rhenium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fixture according to an embodiment, wherein 1 represents an upper graphite block and 2 represents a lower graphite block;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower graphite block of the holder of the first embodiment, with reference to FIG. 3 for the grooves;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the example tube of molybdenum-rhenium alloy after joining.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
firstly, immersing a tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into acetone, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
secondly, assembling and fixing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy cleaned in the first two sections by using a clamp, then placing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into a diffusion furnace, closing a furnace door, vacuumizing, and setting the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 0.9-1.1 MPa;
thirdly, operating a diffusion furnace program, wherein the program is set as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the heating rate is controlled to be 5-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is increased to 1300-1600 ℃; and then controlling the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 10MPa, preserving the heat for 1-3 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to finish the process.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: step one, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the cleaning time is 15 min. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: and step two, the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy has the following dimensions: the length is 60mm, the outer diameter is 12mm, and the inner diameter is 10 mm. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: and step two, the molybdenum-rhenium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: re is 12-15%, C is less than 0.01%, N is less than 0.01%, O is less than 0.01%, and the balance is Mo. The others are the same as in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and step two, the clamp is made of graphite. The other is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and step two, the clamp made of the graphite material is divided into an upper-layer graphite block and a lower-layer graphite block. The other is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the lower graphite block is provided with a plurality of grooves for assembling the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy. The other is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: and step two, tightly fixing and assembling the surfaces to be welded of the two sections of tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloys together. The other is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: step two, vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-5Pa. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: and step two, setting the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 1.0 MPa. The other is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
the molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method provided by the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, immersing a tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into acetone, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning; the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the cleaning time is 15 min;
secondly, assembling and fixing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy cleaned in the first two-stage step by adopting a clamp, then placing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into a diffusion furnace, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10-5Pa, setting the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 1.0 MPa;
thirdly, operating a diffusion furnace program, wherein the program is set as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the heating rate is controlled to be 10-12 ℃/min, and the temperature is increased to 1300-1310 ℃; and then controlling the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 10MPa, preserving the heat for 1h, and cooling the diffusion furnace to room temperature along with the furnace to finish the process.
And step two, the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy has the following dimensions: the length is 60mm, the outer diameter is 12mm, and the inner diameter is 10 mm.
And step two, the molybdenum-rhenium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: re is 12-15%, C is less than 0.01%, N is less than 0.01%, O is less than 0.01%, and the balance is Mo.
The second step is that the clamp is made of graphite and is divided into an upper layer graphite block and a lower layer graphite block; the lower layer graphite block is provided with 3 grooves for assembling the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy.
And step two, tightly fixing and assembling the surfaces to be welded of the two sections of tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloys together.
The equipment used in this example was a M60 model multifunctional vacuum diffusion furnace.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a fixture according to an embodiment, wherein 1 represents an upper graphite block and 2 represents a lower graphite block.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower graphite block of the holder of the first embodiment, with reference to FIG. 3 for the grooves; the groove can fix the molybdenum-rhenium alloy pipe to be welded.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the example tube of molybdenum-rhenium alloy after joining. The figure shows that the connected molybdenum-rhenium alloy tubular test piece has good appearance, no pores and no deformation, and achieves good dimensional precision.
The embodiment realizes butt welding of the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy, the mechanical property of the joint meets the actual production requirement, and the tensile strength reaches 300 MPa.
The microhardness of the welded portion was measured, and the result showed that the average microhardness of the base metal portion was HV0.05220-230 and HV as welding seam0.05260, higher than the parent metal, indicating that hard second phase metal compounds are produced at the weld site, and these second phase structures contribute to the strength and fatigue resistance of the weld; meanwhile, the hardness difference between the welding seam part and the base metal is not high, which shows that the hardness and the content of the second phase structure are in a proper degree, and the welding seam does not have obvious brittle failure tendency, and shows that the welding process can obtain the molybdenum-rhenium alloy welding workpiece with stable performance.
Claims (10)
1. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, immersing a tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into acetone, and carrying out ultrasonic cleaning;
secondly, assembling and fixing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy cleaned in the first two sections by using a clamp, then placing the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy into a diffusion furnace, closing a furnace door, vacuumizing, and setting the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 0.9-1.1 MPa;
thirdly, operating a diffusion furnace program, wherein the program is set as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the heating rate is controlled to be 5-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is increased to 1300-1600 ℃; and then controlling the pressure of a diffusion furnace pressurizing device to be 10MPa, preserving the heat for 1-3 h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to finish the process.
2. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, and the cleaning time is 15 min.
3. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy in the second step has the following dimensions: the length is 60mm, the outer diameter is 12mm, and the inner diameter is 10 mm.
4. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method according to claim 1, wherein the molybdenum-rhenium alloy in the second step comprises the following components in percentage by mass: re is 12-15%, C is less than 0.01%, N is less than 0.01%, O is less than 0.01%, and the balance is Mo.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the fixture in step two is made of graphite.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the graphite jig is divided into an upper graphite block and a lower graphite block.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the lower graphite block is provided with a plurality of grooves for assembling the tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloy.
8. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the to-be-welded surfaces of the two sections of tubular molybdenum-rhenium alloys are tightly fixed and assembled together.
9. The method for diffusion bonding of Mo-Re alloy without intermediate layer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step two, vacuum is applied until the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1X 10-5Pa。
10. The molybdenum-rhenium alloy interlayer-free diffusion bonding method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of the pressurizing device of the diffusion furnace in the second step is 1.0 MPa.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113909665A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for diffusion welding of Kovar alloy with molybdenum-rhenium alloy and intermediate layer |
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| CN113909665A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for diffusion welding of Kovar alloy with molybdenum-rhenium alloy and intermediate layer |
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Application publication date: 20210831 |