CN101011008A - Method for cultivating semi-artificial gramineous-legumina hybrid grassland on salinization grassland - Google Patents
Method for cultivating semi-artificial gramineous-legumina hybrid grassland on salinization grassland Download PDFInfo
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- CN101011008A CN101011008A CN 200710055327 CN200710055327A CN101011008A CN 101011008 A CN101011008 A CN 101011008A CN 200710055327 CN200710055327 CN 200710055327 CN 200710055327 A CN200710055327 A CN 200710055327A CN 101011008 A CN101011008 A CN 101011008A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting semi-artificial grass, especially a method for leaking bean grass into the salinisation grass in north. The invention uses bean grass to improve the natural grass of dry area, especially using the rice-bean mixed plantation method. The invention can select the sowing time via the character of bean grass, the rain distribution, the salt change and the seed growth, and use management to reduce the competition between weak kinds, to accelerate the growth of seed. The invention has low cost, while it can improve the yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the planting and establishing method of improved grassland, be specifically related in northern saline-alkali grassland, introduce the method for leguminous forage planting improved grassland.
Background technology
In the natural meadow ecosystem, it is the main factor of limiting plant growth that nitrogen lacks.Leguminous forage by with the fixing nitrogen in the atmosphere of the rhizobium of its symbiosis, and be converted into the nitrogen nutrition that can be utilized by other meadow plant absorbing, it is equivalent to " nitrogen fertilizer plant " natural in the Grassland ecosystems.Simultaneously, leguminous forage itself is again a high protein herbage, and this has increased the protein content on whole grassland.Leguminous forage has important effect for improving Grassland ecosystems nitrogen nutrition balance and promoting the meadow livestock already to produce.
Generally speaking, the richness of leguminous forage is extremely low in the natural meadow, need take all measures that leguminous forage is introduced wherein, and these measures comprise different tillage methods, sowing time, seeding quantity, sowing depth and type of seeding etc.Take the measure of any various combination all can have influence on temperature, moisture and the race condition that leguminous forage seed germination and growth of seedling are faced, thereby greatly must influence leguminous forage and can finally settle down successfully.Such as tillage method, cut, turn over, farming meeting such as rake influences soil particle size and distribution of pores, and these have determined the elongation of radicle and plumular axis and to the moisture transportation of seed.The main purpose of farming is to improve the condition of upper soll layer, and it is minimum that the resistance up and down that is subjected to when making seed germination is reduced to.If but excessive to soil disturbance, will trigger seed bank abundant under the steppe, the ruderal plant seed bank rapidly of especially sprouting and grow, this can increase the competitive pressure to the leguminous forage seedling undoubtedly.At present, adopt no-tillage system in the location preferably in soil condition usually both at home and abroad, to reduce interference to soil and original plant.Sowing depth is another key factor that influences seed germination and growth of seedling.In general, the sowing depth of 2-5cm has some advantages, and comparing with topsoil has how available soil moisture and day temperature fluctuation still less.Especially in xeothermic area or the subtropical climate district, can avoid causing seed death because of face of land high temperature, lack of water or the acting in conjunction of the two.In addition, sowing depth also is subjected to seed nutrition to store quantitative limitation, and these store nutrition and must enough support the elongation of hypocotyl or epicotyl up to coming up and can carrying out photosynthesis.The nutrition storage capacity has remarkable difference between different plant species, and the tensile stretch of plumular axis also depends on species heredity, temperature and the soil water factor of grading.No matter select which kind of planting measure, the key point of need considering is: the feasibility of the cost of input, machinery, the competitive pressure that leguminous forage faces, mixed seeding meadow utilize purpose and required time of planting success.
The planting measure of above-mentioned meadow is easy to succeed at weather and the good area of soil condition, yet on the meadow, Semiarid Area of North China territory of and salinization of soil comparatively abominable at weather severe cold, rainfall shortage, soil physico-chemical property, some farming adopted and sowing measure combination both at home and abroad usually is difficult to but ensure that leguminous forage is at this point distinguished successfully settles down.The problem that occurs is that seed is unearthed that rate is low, seedling is low and wintering rate is low when annual survival rate.Cause this result's reason varied.At first, the no-tillage system that the improvement natural meadow usually adopts is unsuitable for degree of packing height, northern grassland soil that unit weight is big, and the concentrated rainfall in rainy season has hindered the enforcement of soil cultivation; Secondly, soil with high salt content and pH value make leguminous forage be subjected to the side of body of existence danger greatly during the seedling of fragility; Once more, the pattern in season of moisture resource provisioning makes growth of seedling can only be confined to of short duration rainy season, and the big generation of weeds period just this moment, competition for existence pressure is big; At last, very long severe winter and turn green after cold spell in spring and spring drought be again the harsh challenge of test seedling nutrition storage capacity, these biological and abiotic factors are all settled down the sizable negative effect of generation to leguminous forage.
North natural meadow is introduced leguminous forage, the planting standing grain-can beans mixed seeding improved grassland successful, crucially just is that can leguminous forage degree of safety spend the seed germination phase, seedling establishment phase and the freeze-up in winter then.Only overcome or avoid above-mentioned all unfavorable factors, successfully settle down the leguminous forage population that gets off and under the guarantee of follow-up a series of control measures, to continue to exist and play a role.The good leguminous forage of suitable local climate condition is successfully settled down in natural meadow, is the key technology of planting standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention provides and a kind of leguminous forage is successfully settled down in the natural meadow of northern semiarid zone, the method for planting standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland.
Be suitable for soil cultivation by utilizing salt tolerant alkali leguminous forage seed in the characteristic that maintains vigour under the high salt condition, sprouts rapidly under the low-salt conditions, being chosen in
Rainy season draw the ditch sowing before the prerequisite; Then by rainfall to the eluviation of soil salt and sufficient moisture resource, for seed germination and seedling early growth provide good environmental condition; Mid-term, enforcement cradled, with the competitive pressure that weakens weeds and impel the seedling branch, make seedling can store prescribing adequate nutrition with reply subsequently severe winter and the cold spell in spring and the spring drought in the coming year.Finally reach leguminous forage and on natural meadow, successfully settle down, set up standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland.
The concrete steps that the present invention realizes are as follows:
1, land disposal and seeding method adopt and draw the ditch drilling method.Promptly cradle the removal aboveground vegetation, draw the ditch machine then and abolish complete ground, again the seed (it is strong to abolish seed) of grinding process is broadcast in the ditch, seeding quantity is according to a tree name species and later-stage utilization mode and decide, if as the mowing pasture utilization, the effective planting seed amount of leguminous forage is: the shrub lespedeza 4.5-5kg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 2.5-3kg/ha, russian fenugreek herb 3.5-4kg/ha.If as the range land utilization, so effectively the planting seed amount is the shrub lespedeza 9.5-1Okg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 4.5-5kg/ha, russian fenugreek herb 6.5-7kg/ha.Earthing is as seed I earthing not.
2, select suitable farming and sowing time, promptly 1-2 week is carried out land disposal and sowing before rainy season.Make full use of and the precipitation in rainy season and long vegetative period cultivate healthy and strong seedling, in order to safe overwintering.
3, implement to cradle in late August.
Implement above-mentioned land disposal and seeding method principle:
1.. ensure that seed is in suitable moisture condition.The whole growth season evapotranspiration is far longer than rainfall, and top layer moisture scatters and disappears fast, if adopt the surface to broadcast sowing and will cause the seed germination difficulty, and the top layer litter also can hinder the seed base-root kiss the earth, and of short duration dehydration environment can cause radicle dehydration death.Tiny seed can roll into and obtain soil layer protection in the soil crack, when therefore sowing not earthing also can.
2.. impel radicle to bury, the root system expansion is smoothly.North grassland soil consolidation, unit weight is big, and radicant is many, and underground root system is entwined and is entangled with, the leguminous forage seedlings root difficulty of burying, the back root system expansion difficulty of burying, the competition under will cause a little less than the seedling growing way consumingly.Draw the ditch processing and destroyed the original root system in the topsoil, this layer soil that loosened is for seedlings root provides a suitable relatively growing environment.
3.. avoid causing reverse succession.Draw the ditch processing and only the band soil of spacing 65cm is caused interference, do not destroy original ecological balance, avoided turning over rake and waited the triggering of tillage control measure, especially a large amount of ruderal species word banks that exist soil seed bank, soil seed pool.Otherwise weeds will grow rapidly, cause reverse succession, not only seedling be produced strong competitive pressure, also having destroyed simultaneously original stable vegetation forms, this disturbance consequence needs 3-4 or longer time to remedy at least, has prolonged the planting phase on mixed seeding meadow, and period of use is postponed.
4.. gather soil, strengthen the seedling cold resistance.Wind-force carries soil and accumulates in the ditch, protects the seedling collar just as ridging the effect, makes collar avoid meeting with the violent temperature change in the face of land, guarantees that seedling spends cold and cold spell in spring.In addition, gathering be sandy soil substantially, the permeability of this layer soil is strengthened, saline and alkaline reduces, and creates good microenvironment around collar, has improved the physicochemical property of topsoil, benefits the generation and the growth of lateral root.Implement above-mentioned farming and sowing time principle:
1. .4 is turned green the back the end of month during the May, cold spell in spring and spring drought exist simultaneously, and soil salt accumulates in the soil table because of ablation procedure rises, no matter be that water temperature condition or soil salt content all are not suitable for seed germination, and waiting in the long term in rainy season that insect carrying, infection process be seed number and vigor in the serious threat soil but.
2.. in the 7-8 month that rainfall is concentrated, temperature, moisture and soil salt content all are fit to seed germination and growth of seedling, but sowing this moment, the seedling of being unearthed soon faces the strong competition from the weeds population that sprouts prior to them, ground humidity in rainy season brings difficulty for farming and seeding machinery operation in addition.
3. .9 month temperature is moderate, the moisture abundance, and soil salt content also reduces because of the rainfall eluviation, and a little less than the weed growth gesture, the competition that seedling faces is little, but the growth of seedling phase is short, can't lay in prescribing adequate nutrition in the face of very long severe winter.
4. the .6 rainy season last ten-days period month, preceding 1-2 week is carried out farming and sowing, promptly makes things convenient for mechanical work, has also shortened seed and has waited for the time of sprouting.While salt tolerant alkali leguminous forage seed has under high salt concn not to be sprouted, and seed still maintains vigour, the characteristic of sprouting rapidly when salinity reduces, and this has guaranteed that seed can rely on this mechanism to keep effective population quantity in the initial rainfall of rainfall deficiency.The seedling of being unearthed has sufficient growth time expansion root system and deposit nutrition.
Implement the above-mentioned principle that cradles measure:
1.. the weeds of regeneration capacity difference are no longer caused the strong pressure that shades to the leguminous forage growth of seedling, for growth of seedling provides good luminous environment.
2.. cradle and impel the seedling branch, though regeneration has consumed part nutrition, a large amount of blades of Chu Xianing can make full use of light resources in going into winter the first two months immediately, by the photosynthesis synthesis of organic substance, at collar portion deposit prescribing adequate nutrition material.
The present invention mainly produces following beneficial effect:
Compare with no-tillage broadcasting sowing, improved the rate of coming up, gone into seedling establishment rate before the winter, regrowth rate (table 1).Compare with other sowing time, go into growth of seedling index good (table 2) before the winter.
Under different farming of table 1 and the seeding method leguminous forage (sickle alfalfa) seed germination, seedling establishment and go into the winter before the growth of seedling index relatively
| Seeding method | Emergence rate % | Settle down rate % before going into the winter | Regrowth rate % | Strain number/the m of turning green 2 | Plant height cm | The long cm of root | Collar embedded depth cm | Heavy on the ground g/ strain | Underground heavy g/ strain |
| Draw the ditch drilling | 54 | 48 | 74 | 46 | 24 | 22 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| No-tillage broadcasting sowing | 32 | 30 | 50 | 12 | 20 | 19 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 |
Table 2 leguminous forage (sickle alfalfa) seedling growth indexes before going into the winter under the different sowing times
| Sowing time | Plant height cm | The long cm of root | The thick mm of stem | The thick mm of collar | Weigh g on the ground | Underground heavy g |
| June 17 | 31.62 | 22.63 | 1.80 | 3.59 | 1.16 | 0.97 |
| July 8 | 7.44 | 13.72 | 1.10 | 2.18 | 0.19 | 0.13 |
| July 17 | 6.05 | 13.27 | 1.08 | 1.83 | 0.18 | 0.11 |
| July 27 | 3.62 | 11.82 | - | 1.04 | 0.04 | 0.02 |
| August 17 | 1.11 | 4.57 | - | - | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Embodiment
Carry out Ground Operation 1-2 week and handle (loose tender area is mid-June) before rainy season, at first cradle the removal aboveground vegetation, stubble height is 3-4cm.Draw the ditch machine then and abolish complete ground, 65cm ditch spacing, ditch depth 5-6cm goes up wide 7-8cm, following wide 1-2cm.The seed (it is strong to abolish seed) of grinding process is broadcast in the ditch, seeding quantity is according to a tree name species and later-stage utilization mode and decide, if as the mowing pasture utilization, the effective planting seed amount of leguminous forage is: the shrub lespedeza 4.5-5kg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 2.5-3kg/ha, russian fenugreek herb 3.5-4kg/ha.If as the range land utilization, so effectively the planting seed amount is the shrub lespedeza 9.5-10kg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 4.5-5kkg/ha, russian fenugreek herb 6.5-7kg/ha.Earthing 1-2cm, little (diameter＜2mm) is earthing not as seed.After arriving rainy season late June, soil salt content reduces, and the moisture that stores in the ditch guarantees seed germination and seedling early growth.Late August cradles processing, stubble height 3-4cm.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method of on saline-alkali grassland, setting up standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland, feature is:
(1), land disposal and seeding method adopt and draw the ditch drilling method: promptly cradle the removal aboveground vegetation, stubble height is 3-4cm; Abolish complete ground with drawing the ditch machine then, 65cm ditch spacing, ditch depth 5-6cm goes up wide 7-8cm, following wide 1-2cm; Again the seed grinding process is abolished strong broadcasting in the ditch, seeding quantity is according to a tree name species and later-stage utilization mode and decide, and as the mowing pasture utilization, the effective planting seed amount of leguminous forage is: the shrub lespedeza 4.5-5kg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 2.5-3kg/ha, russian fenugreek herb 3.5-4kg/ha; As the range land utilization, effectively the planting seed amount is the shrub lespedeza 9.5-10kg/ha of Xingan, sickle alfalfa 4.5-5kg/ha, and russian fenugreek herb 6.5-7kg/ha, earthing 1-2cm, seed diameter＜2mm is earthing not.
(2), select suitable farming and sowing time, promptly 1-2 week is carried out land disposal and sowing before rainy season.
(3), implement to cradle stubble height 3-4cm in late August.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007100553279A CN100551226C (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2007-02-08 | On saline-alkali grassland, set up the method for standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007100553279A CN100551226C (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2007-02-08 | On saline-alkali grassland, set up the method for standing grain-beans mixed seeding improved grassland |
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| CN101011008A true CN101011008A (en) | 2007-08-08 |
| CN100551226C CN100551226C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103880A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Mixed seeding method for switchgrass and wild soybeans in saline-alkali land |
| CN109804863A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-28 | 大连民族大学 | A method of covering the quick planting standing grain-beans mixed sward of distant cross region between farmland and grassland Blown-sand soil |
-
2007
- 2007-02-08 CN CNB2007100553279A patent/CN100551226C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105103880A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-02 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Mixed seeding method for switchgrass and wild soybeans in saline-alkali land |
| CN105103880B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-09-29 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil switchgrass and the hybrid sowing method of Wild soybean |
| CN109804863A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-28 | 大连民族大学 | A method of covering the quick planting standing grain-beans mixed sward of distant cross region between farmland and grassland Blown-sand soil |
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| CN100551226C (en) | 2009-10-21 |
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Effective date of registration: 20100412 Address after: 130024 Jilin City, Changchun province people's street, No. 5268 Patentee after: Northeast Normal University Address before: 130024 Jilin City, Changchun province people's street, No. 5268 Patentee before: Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration & Ecosystem Management of Jilin Provin |
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