CN1006141B - 铜基钎焊料 - Google Patents
铜基钎焊料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1006141B CN1006141B CN87107097.9A CN87107097A CN1006141B CN 1006141 B CN1006141 B CN 1006141B CN 87107097 A CN87107097 A CN 87107097A CN 1006141 B CN1006141 B CN 1006141B
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- Prior art keywords
- copper
- brazing
- welding
- cored solder
- brazing material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910018100 Ni-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018532 Ni—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017755 Cu-Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017927 Cu—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009038 Sn—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
- Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于焊接领域。主要适用于钎焊钢铜材料的钎焊用料。本发明铜基钎焊料去掉了以前所采用的银钎焊料中的银,又克服了现有技术中由于磷、硼元素的加入给钎焊后带来的焊接处脆性相的出现。并可作成薄带状。钎焊料的成分为(重量%)Ni0.5~2.5%;Sn10~20%,余为铜。本发明焊料与现有技术相比较,具有焊接强度高,使用范围广,钎焊工艺简单等优点。
Description
本发明属于焊接领域。主要适用于钎焊钢铜材料的钎焊用料。
现在已被人们广泛地用于铜基和黑色金属焊接的有银焊片,这种焊片由于含有昂贵的银和有毒的镉,而且在使用时又需要添加助焊剂,这不仅污染了被焊接的表面和操作人员的身体健康,而且银焊片还有价格贵和使用不方便等缺点。现在已经生产出无需加助焊剂的焊片与焊条。这类焊片与焊条主要为Cu-Ni-Sn-P系和Cu-Ni-Sn-B系。这两类焊料虽然在焊接时焊接工艺性能上达到了银焊片的水平,但是由于焊料本身含有较高的磷和硼,在焊接时可与铁合金形成脆性相,导致焊接后接头部位强度降低,满足不了实际应用的需要。
日本公开特许公报昭60-40688公开了一种钎焊料,其成分为Sn20-30%,Ni3-10%,其余为铜的钎焊料被制成粉末状态后,才能为钎焊料,其使用状态是混在适量空气的碳氢系气体保护下用于钎焊的,由于受到这些限制,必然给使用时带来许多不方便。由于在这种材料的成分中Ni、Sn含量均较高,使这种钎焊料不可能生产成带材或丝材。
本发明的目的是提供一种不含磷硼元素的,钎焊脆性低的,使用范围广而在施焊时不需施加任何气体保护的铜基钎焊料。
由本发明所提供的铜基钎焊料的具体化学成分为(重量%);Ni0.5~2.5%;Sn10~20%;其余为Cu。
Cu-Sn合金中的Sn含量小于7%时,虽然可以进行机械加工,但材材的熔点高达1020℃,当Sn含量高于20%后,这种材料就无法加工成材,而只能制成粉状料。因此本发明将Sn含量定为10-20%(重量%)以兼顾焊接温度及成材加工。由于随着Sn含量的提高,本发明钎焊料的固相线与液相线都有所下降,同时固相线与液相线之间的间距也变小,这样将会提高钎焊料在使用时的流动性,利于钎焊时操作人员的操作。
在本发明钎焊料中金属镍的含量为(重量%)0.5~2.5%。为了进一步改善钎焊料的焊接性能,本发明对钎焊料成分中镍的含量加以限制。根据Cu-Ni-Sn相图可知,在室温时该合金是由α+η相所组成,若提高Ni在合金中的含量,则η相的含量也会增加,那么钎焊料是无法制成具有良好韧性的薄带。在钎焊料中加入适量的镍,可以使焊接结合部的晶粒度小于被钎焊材料内部的晶粒度,其原因是焊料的金相组织是由α铜和富锡的ε相组成,而ε相形成的是较粗大的网状结构。ε相的显微硬度为HV=452,而α相的硬度值为HV=153。可见ε相比α相的硬度值要高近三倍,而ε相为脆性相,当在合金中加入金属镍后,使粗大网状结构得到改善和控制,其钎焊料ε相的硬度值也由金属镍的加入而显著下降为HV=222,α相变为HV=167,使钎焊料内ε相与α相两相硬度差值缩小,这就使得焊接后焊接部位具有较大的韧性,另外镍可以与γ-Fe形成无限固溶体,与Fe具有很强的亲合力,当在钎焊料中加入镍后,使钎焊料各种元素向铁中的扩散溶解能力都有所增强,扩散是沿α-Fe晶介处进行,由于晶介处空位要高于晶粒内部,易于元素的扩散,因此由于钎焊料中镍的加入,使得本发明钎焊料具有很好的流动性和润湿性,焊接强度具有明显的提高。
本发明钎焊料是以铜为主,同时加入了锡和镍,本发明合金的制造方法采用快速冷却法制成具有很高韧性的薄带,其制造方法为:先将各种金属原料按所设定成分配好,再放入高频感应炉的坩埚内,等金属料全部熔化后,再将熔液以106℃/秒快速冷却至室温。
本发明铜基钎焊料与现有技术其它种类钎焊料相比较,具有以下几种特点:
1.本发明钎焊料与现有钎焊料相比较钎焊强度高,其钎焊工艺性能见表1,钎焊后的机械性能见表2。
由表1、表2可看出,本发明的钎焊料与其它几种钎焊料相比较,具有更好的综合钎焊性能。
表1 各种钎焊料的工艺性能对比
表2 各种钎焊料机械性能的对比
2.本发明钎焊料的使用范围广,钎焊操作工艺简便。
实施例
本发明铜基钎焊料是在上述的成分范围内生产了两个成分的钎焊料,其化学成分范围见表3。
表3 两种成分钎焊料的化学成分(重量%)
将上述成分熔化后,采用106℃/秒的冷却速度将合金制成具有很高韧性的钎焊料薄带。其机械性能检验结果见表4。
表4 两种成分钎焊料的检验结果
Claims (1)
1、一种适用于钎焊钢、铜材料的Cu-Ni-Sn系铜基钎焊料,其组成为(重量%)Ni0.5-2.5%;Sn10-20%,其余为铜。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN87107097.9A CN1006141B (zh) | 1987-10-31 | 1987-10-31 | 铜基钎焊料 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN87107097.9A CN1006141B (zh) | 1987-10-31 | 1987-10-31 | 铜基钎焊料 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1033956A CN1033956A (zh) | 1989-07-19 |
CN1006141B true CN1006141B (zh) | 1989-12-20 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN87107097.9A Expired CN1006141B (zh) | 1987-10-31 | 1987-10-31 | 铜基钎焊料 |
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Country | Link |
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CN (1) | CN1006141B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1108896C (zh) * | 1998-07-01 | 2003-05-21 | 洪若锋 | 晶态焊料及其制造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7745013B2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2010-06-29 | Intel Corporation | Solder foams, nano-porous solders, foamed-solder bumps in chip packages, methods of assembling same, and systems containing same |
TWI436710B (zh) | 2011-02-09 | 2014-05-01 | Murata Manufacturing Co | Connection structure |
-
1987
- 1987-10-31 CN CN87107097.9A patent/CN1006141B/zh not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1108896C (zh) * | 1998-07-01 | 2003-05-21 | 洪若锋 | 晶态焊料及其制造方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1033956A (zh) | 1989-07-19 |
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