CN1006075B - 超临界抽提沙油的方法 - Google Patents
超临界抽提沙油的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1006075B CN1006075B CN87103942.7A CN87103942A CN1006075B CN 1006075 B CN1006075 B CN 1006075B CN 87103942 A CN87103942 A CN 87103942A CN 1006075 B CN1006075 B CN 1006075B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种CO2超临界气体萃取沙棘油的方法,其特征是以沙棘果渣为原料,以CO2为萃取溶剂,在压力10~30Mpa,温度32~45℃的超临界状态下萃取,在32~45℃下逐级降压,沙棘油与CO2自行分离,CO2再循环使用。该法流程短,设备简单,易放大,油收率高达90%,产品无残毒。
Description
本发明是关于一种萃取沙棘油的方法,具体涉及一种以CO2为萃取溶剂在超临界状态下萃取沙棘油的方法。
近来,沙棘油用于制药工业、化妆品工业及食品工业而受到人们的广泛重视。从沙棘果或沙棘籽制取沙棘油的已有技术大都采用溶剂萃取的方法。
美国专利US3923847和US4280961公开了用CO2作为萃取剂进行超临界萃取的方法,前者是从可可浆或从烘焙的、未烘焙可可豆生产可可脂的方法,后者是从含脂肪的动物原料中萃取动物脂的方法。用CO2通过超临界萃取从沙棘渣和沙棘籽中得到沙棘油的方法,尚未见报导。
本发明的目的在于开发一种过程简单,产品质量高,收率高的沙棘油的制备方法。
本方法的主要技术特征是以无毒、易得、价廉的CO2为萃取剂,在超临界状态下萃取,在萃取温度下逐级降压,沙棘油和CO2自行分离,CO2再循环使用。
所述的超临界萃取条件是:压力为10.09Mpa,温度为32-45℃。
原料为沙棘籽或沙棘果渣。
附图为该发明的工艺流程图。
CO2从钢瓶1经过滤器2进入液化器3冷凝成液体,装满后将阀门关闭待用。运转时将热交换器6萃取器7及分离器8、9、10用循环热水加热至32-45℃之间(由萃取条件而定),适当提高液化器3的温度(约25-28℃),液化CO2经流量计4计量由柱塞泵5注入热交换器6,成超临界气体后由下部进入预先装好碎沙棘种子(或果渣)的萃取器,当压力达到18-30Mpa(由萃取条件而定)时,压力控制器11、12、13逐级降压(例如萃取压力20Mpa时逐级降压为15Mpa至9Mpa至7Mpa)分别进入分离器8、9、10。溶有沙棘油的超临界CO2气体经绝热膨胀逐级分离,沙棘油在分离器8和分离器9下部排出口被放出,而沙棘种子中的部分水份则在分离器10下部排出口W被排出,(CO2密度降低,溶解能力也降低,因而沙棘油被分离出来,而水在CO2中的溶解能力强,所以最后才分离出来,从分离器10上部出来的具有7Mpa压力的CO2气体返回到液化器3成液体后再循环使用。
该系统设两个萃取器交换使用,从而使过程连续化。
萃取后的残渣因富含蛋白质和氨基酸,经进一步粉碎可以制成饲料。
以CO2为萃取剂在超临界状态下萃取沙棘油比一般的溶剂萃取具有明显的优越性。由于CO2无毒、挥发性高,所以在接近常温下逐迹降压可使CO2和沙棘油彻底而有效地分离,设备简单,操作方便,沙棘油中无残毒,产品纯度高,即使CO2有泄漏也不会造成环境污染;CO2对沙棘油的溶解性能好,且粘度低,扩散性高,因而大大提高了萃取效率,本发明萃取沙棘油的收率高达90%以上;价格便宜,来源丰富,从而大大降低了成本;CO2的临界温度为31.1%,在32℃-45℃的低温下萃取,有利于保存沙棘油中生物方面的活性物质;CO2不可燃,不助燃,因而无爆炸性危险,操作安全。
采用附图介绍的系统,在不同温度和压力下的萃取结果如表1所示,结果表明,提高压力,对油收率影响不大。同一压力下提高温度,油收率稍有提高。以沙棘种子或沙棘果渣为原料,都可获得高达90%的油收率。
表1
*油收率计算公式
油收率=抽出油重量/原料重量(干基)×含油率×100%
原料及产品的分析方法参见“Standard Methods for the Analysis of Oils,Fats and Derivatives”(IUPAC)1979年一书;1.121水分测定,1.122油含量测定,2.201酸价测定,2.205碘价测定,2.202皂化价测定,2.301和2.302脂肪酸组成。
测定结果表明原料沙棘籽中含水率8.33%,含油率10.80%,沙棘果渣中含水率8.70%,含油率12.50%,沙棘籽油的酸价为5.58,碘价152.2,皂化价190.5,脂肪酸组成分析结果列于表2。
表2
Claims (4)
1、一种用CO2超临界气体萃取沙棘油的方法,其特征在于以沙棘籽或沙棘果渣为原料,在超临界状态下萃取,在温度32℃-45℃下逐级降压分离产品和CO2,CO2再循环使用。
2、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于所述超临界萃取压力为10-30Mpa,温度32-45℃的。
3、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于所述逐级降压分离为二级分离。
4、如权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于所述的逐级降压分离为三级分离。
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1068375C (zh) * | 1998-10-07 | 2001-07-11 | 张连水 | 二氧化碳超临界抽提翅果油的方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
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CN1042645C (zh) * | 1994-10-08 | 1999-03-24 | 周兆彦 | 一种辣椒油的制造方法 |
CN1090672C (zh) * | 2000-04-08 | 2002-09-11 | 黄绍麟 | 一种黑芝麻油的制造方法 |
CN101228905B (zh) * | 2007-12-14 | 2011-03-23 | 山东鲁花集团有限公司 | 一种使用传统榨油设备生产低温压榨亚麻籽油的方法 |
CN104178334A (zh) * | 2013-05-24 | 2014-12-03 | 北京中天金谷粮油工程技术有限公司 | 芝麻红外焙烘制油工艺 |
CN103911212A (zh) * | 2014-04-03 | 2014-07-09 | 含山县鹰皇麻油厂 | 一种提高芝麻油纯度的加工工艺 |
CN104263500A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2015-01-07 | 河南省农业科学院 | 一种稳定化芝麻炒制方法 |
CN105861138A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-17 | 滁州尹氏油脂有限公司 | 一种芝麻快速分选烘炒系统 |
CN105695085A (zh) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-06-22 | 滁州尹氏油脂有限公司 | 高效率芝麻油脂压榨工艺 |
CN106957715A (zh) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-18 | 襄阳三珍生态农业有限公司 | 一种芝麻炒制过程中减少成品油中苯、苯苪比含量的方法 |
CN107868696A (zh) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-04-03 | 合肥燕庄食用油有限责任公司 | 一种芝麻油的低温压榨方法 |
CN116083164A (zh) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-05-09 | 青岛长寿食品有限公司 | 一种毛油中磷脂无水化脱除方法和装置 |
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CN1068375C (zh) * | 1998-10-07 | 2001-07-11 | 张连水 | 二氧化碳超临界抽提翅果油的方法 |
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