CN100595157C - 高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法 - Google Patents

高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN100595157C
CN100595157C CN200810015834A CN200810015834A CN100595157C CN 100595157 C CN100595157 C CN 100595157C CN 200810015834 A CN200810015834 A CN 200810015834A CN 200810015834 A CN200810015834 A CN 200810015834A CN 100595157 C CN100595157 C CN 100595157C
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CN101264921A (zh
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王光强
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Shandong Leibao Zirconium Sci&tech Co ltd
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Abstract

高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法,采用Y2O3含量≥99.99%的高纯Y2O3原料作为熔料,经≥2400℃的高温电弧熔化,控制电极与液面不接触并离开液面≤2cm,高温电弧熔化后自然冷却形成低碳白色透明晶体状熔块,经破碎形成粒度砂。本发明将白色粉末状的氧化钇采用电熔法得到晶体状产品。采用电弧为长弧操作,避免电极与氧化钇接触,避免了碳的引入。生产的氧化钇纯度高Y2O3≥99.8%,气孔率低,体积密度高,具有较高的高温强度及耐磨度,高温体积稳定性好。可在钛合金铸造得到应用,有利于获得无污染钛件,降低铸钛生产成本,为促进铸钛行业发展奠定基础。可以生产高纯度的氧化钇制品,满足不同用途的使用。

Description

高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法
技术领域
本发明属于耐火材料的生产方法,特别涉及一种氧化钇原料的电熔生产方法。
背景技术
近年来,我国经济建设突飞猛进,取得了令人瞩目的成就。经济腾飞,极大地推动了我国钢铁、有色金属、机械、铸造、航空、化工、耐火材料等行业的高速发展。追求高品质、高技术含量的精密材料时代已经到来。作为这些工业的铸造行业、航空行业、化工、耐火材料行业的面貌也日新月异。钛金属因其优越的物理化学性质在航空航天、铸造行业得到迅速发展。主要表现:密度小,机械强度大,容易加工,钛耐高温,熔点1942℃。有良好的抗腐蚀性能,不受大气和海水的影响。在常温下,不会被稀盐酸、稀硫酸、硝酸或稀碱溶液所腐蚀;钛和钛的合金在航空工业,有″空间金属″之称;另外,在造船工业、化学工业、制造机械部件、电讯器材、硬质合金等方面有着日益广泛的应用。钛对于酸、碱具有较强的耐腐蚀性,已成为化工生产中重要的材料。
钛在高温下性质十分活泼,化合能力极强,很易和氧、氮、碳等元素化合,因此,不论在冶炼或者铸造的时候,人们都小心地防止这些元素“侵袭”钛。在冶炼钛的时候,空气与水当然是严格禁止接近的,甚至连冶金上常用的氧化铝坩埚也禁止使用,因为钛会从氧化铝里夺取氧。由此可见钛金属的发展对耐火材料提出了更高更苛刻的要求,研究开发与之相使用的高质量耐火材料尤为重要。
经铸钛行业人员多年来的试验及试用,发现氧化钇是最理想的耐火材料保护层。但高纯度氧化钇是以白色粉末状存在,气孔率高、体积密度低、机械强度低而无法使用,目前只能用烧结法致密后使用,从而影响钛件质量。因此研究高质量致密氧化钇对钛金属行业、铸造行业、航空行业、化工、耐火材料行业发展有着极其重要的作用和意义。
氧化钇是高熔点物质,熔点2410℃,不溶于水和碱溶液中,但能溶于无机酸.可以与水结合生成氢氧化物,RE(OH)3和REO(OH)。在空气中能吸收CO2生成碱式碳酸盐。在800℃进行灼烧可得无碳酸盐的氧化物。加热时,可以发生如下两个变化过程:
RE2O3→2REO+0
RE2O3→2RE+30
目前氧化钇外观:白色粉末状,分子量:225.82、密度5.01g/cm3、气孔高、密度低,高温下收缩,无法高温使用。需烧结或电熔致密化结晶才能使用。烧结法结晶烧结温度高1700-2100℃,烧结时间长、工艺复杂成本高。电熔法:经过高温电熔时,氧分子非常容易与发热体(石墨电极、钨电极、钼电极)反应生成氧化物小结晶,成为多相混合物,无法形成高纯度单项氧化钇结晶体。目前国内无电熔氧化钇的记载。
目前国内主要技术现状:烧结致密结晶型氧化钇,将稀土氧化钇成型为荒坯或直接装入匣钵中放入高温窑炉中烧结,烧结温度≥1580℃,保温≥10小时;制品气孔率高≥3%,杂质含量高≥0.5%,成本高。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法,采用电熔法生产,避免电极与氧化钇快速化学反应,得到高纯度氧化钇产品。
本发明高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法,其特征在于:采用Y2O3含量≥99.99%的高纯Y2O3原料作为熔料,经高温电弧熔化,控制电极与液面不接触并离开液面≤2cm,高温电弧熔化后自然冷却形成低碳白色透明晶体状熔块,经破碎形成粒度砂。
本发明的主要技术特点是将白色粉末状的氧化钇采用电熔法得到晶体状产品。采用电弧为长弧操作,控制电弧与液面保持一定距离,避免电极与氧化钇接触达到熔化目的,获得致密结晶体,避免了碳的引入。
高温熔炼的温度大于氧化钇的熔点即可(≥2400℃),为了更好地进行熔化,氧化钇原料可参照普通电熔方法分批加入电弧炉中(逐步加料),优选地操作条件为:二次电压(电极电压)100-130伏,电流为200-2000安。然后再加料、再加温,多次重复,直至得到需要尺寸的熔快。
本发明的优点:
1、在高温熔炼时,电极不插入熔料中,避免了电极污染,避免了碳的引入,避免电极与氧化钇快速化学反应。利于本发明方法生产的氧化钇纯度高Y2O3≥99.8%,熔点高≥2400℃。电熔氧化钇同烧结氧化钇相比,具有以下特点:(1)、气孔率低,小于2%。孔的周围是极致密的材料,可防止渣的侵入。(2)、体积密度高,大于5.6g/cm3。(3)、机械强度高。同烧结材料比,具有较高的高温强度及耐磨度。(4)、高温体积稳定性好(电熔材料具有重烧收缩小和高温蠕变小的特点)。
2、由于本发明生产的氧化钇纯度高,化学稳定性高,可在钛合金铸造得到应用,有利于获得无污染钛件,降低铸钛生产成本,为促进铸钛行业发展奠定基础。
3、利用得到的高纯度的氧化钇原料可以生产高纯度的氧化钇制品,满足不同用途的使用。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例说明本发明,但不限制于本发明。
实施例:
采用高纯稀土氧化物Y2O3(Y2O3≥99.99%)为原料,将高纯氧化钇100%重量份制成炉料。将炉料分批投入三相电弧炉中进行熔炼,控制电极提升保持长弧,(电极与液面不接触并离开液面≤2cm均可),熔料在2400℃(或大于2400℃)逐步加料,二次电压(电极电压)为100伏,电流为1200安,熔液可再保温1小时(保温电流200安)。然后再加料、再加温、再保温(不保温也可),多次重复上述过程,直至得到直径约500mm熔块,或可根据需要确定尺寸大小。将熔块破碎为不同的粒度砂或粉(熔块最好通过封闭式机械破碎方法破碎,以避免引入其它杂质),经常规方法(除铁器)除铁,水洗形成待用成品砂或粉。
氧化钇成品砂或粉纯度≥99.8%,气孔率1.8%,体积密度5.6g/cm3

Claims (1)

1、一种高纯度电熔氧化钇砂的生产方法,其特征在于:采用Y2O3含量≥99.99%的高纯Y2O3原料作为熔料,经高温电弧熔化,控制电极与液面不接触并离开液面≤2cm,高温电弧熔化后自然冷却形成低碳白色透明晶体状熔块,经破碎形成粒度砂,其中熔料投入三相电弧炉中逐步加料进行熔化,电极电压为100-130伏,电流为200-2000安。
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CN108046772A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-18 山东磊宝锆业科技股份有限公司 电熔氧化铝/氧化钛复合材料的生产方法
CN109928754B (zh) * 2019-04-22 2021-07-06 郑州振中电熔新材料有限公司 一种改性氧化钇的制造方法
CN115159979A (zh) * 2022-07-07 2022-10-11 郑州振中电熔新材料有限公司 一种利用氧化钇废料制造电熔钙钇复合稳定氧化锆的方法
CN116102050A (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-05-12 郑州振中电熔新材料有限公司 一种耐等离子腐蚀热喷涂氧化钇粉的制备方法

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