CN100586946C - 一种阿加曲班的分离方法 - Google Patents

一种阿加曲班的分离方法 Download PDF

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CN100586946C
CN100586946C CN200610129330A CN200610129330A CN100586946C CN 100586946 C CN100586946 C CN 100586946C CN 200610129330 A CN200610129330 A CN 200610129330A CN 200610129330 A CN200610129330 A CN 200610129330A CN 100586946 C CN100586946 C CN 100586946C
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宋洪海
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种旋光异构化合物阿加曲班(Argatroban)的分离方法,特别是21(S)-阿加曲班纯晶的分离方法。以21(S)与21(R)的阿加曲班为原料,在醇与水的混合物为溶剂加热回流5-10小时,冷却,静置,过滤,得白色晶体产物,干燥;重复2~6次,母液合并,脱除溶剂,高效液相色谱法测定21(S)的含量。本发明对阿加曲班进行了实用级的分离,获得≥98%的21(S)阿加曲班。

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一种阿加曲班的分离方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种旋光异构化合物阿加曲班(Argatroban)的分离方法,特别是21(S)-阿加曲班纯品的分离方法。
背景技术
1978年日本Mitsubishi化学公司S.Okamoto等首次报导了阿加曲班(Argatroban)一水化物抗凝血酶活性【US 4 101 653】。随后20多年期间,众多研究者对Argatroban的生物活性及作为医药的价值进行了深入研究。1981年,S.Okamoto在动物体内与肝素进行了比较【Okamoto,S.et al.,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.101,440(1981)】;T.Kumoto等对其立体选择活性进行了报导【Kumada,T.et al.,Thromb.Res.24,285(1981)】;1984年,R.Kumato进行了临床血液透析评价【Kikumoto,R.et al.,Biochemistry23,85(1984)】;1986年该作者报导了Argatroban抑制哺乳动物凝血酶活性,可作为治疗和预防血栓药剂和血小板凝聚抑制剂。Argatroban的一水合物可作为选择性抗血栓剂、治疗慢性动脉堵塞和脑血栓等【JP 61-48829】。1992年和1993年,Taparelli和J.A.Jakubowski先后报导了Argatroban抗凝血酶的可逆性【Taparelli,C.,Trends Pharmacol.Sci.,1993,14,366,Jakubowski,J.A.et al,Rep.Med.Chem.,1992,27,99】;90年代L.R.Buch等多位研究者报导了相关研究【Buch,L.R.,Cadiosvasc.Drug Rev.,1991,9,247,Strupcnewski,J.D.et al.,Academic:San Diego,1991;Vol.26,p299,Brundish,D.et al.,J.Med.Chem.1999;42,4584,Shebuski,R.J.,Academic:San Diego,1999;Vol.26,p98】。1992年日本批准作为非肠道使用抗凝血酶药剂【Hijikata-Okunomiya,A.,et al,Thromb.Hemostasis,1992,18,135】。阿加曲班的化学名称:
(2R,4R)-1-[(2S)-5-[(Aminoiminomethyl)amino]-1-oxo-2-[[(1,2,3.4-tetrahydro-3-methyl-8-quinolinyl)sulfonyl]amino]pentyl]-4-methyl-2-piperidinecarboxylic acid,其化学成分是21(R)和21(S)的混合物,通常是64-65:36-35【US 6 440 417,Cossy.J.,et al,Bioorganic&Medicine Chemistry Letters,11(2001),1989-1992,Journal of PharmaceuticalSciences,Vol.82,No.6,672(1993)】。结构式为:
Figure C20061012933000041
1 Argagroban(21(R)∶21(S)=65∶35)
Figure C20061012933000042
1a X=H,Y=CH3,21-(R)-Argatroban
1b X=CH3,Y=H,21-(S)-Argatroban
现报导的Argatroban(阿加曲班)合成路线都是以硝基-L-精氨酸为起始原料、以哌啶羧酸酯或喹啉磺酰氯缩合先后次序不同,构成两条主要路线。当首先与哌啶羧酸酯缩合时,称氨基保护法:硝基-L-精氨酸的氨基用t-Boc保护、再与哌啶羧酸酯缩合、去Boc保护基、与喹啉磺酰氯缩合、酯水解、氢化去硝基得Argatroban。若首先与喹啉磺酰氯缩合时称非保护法:硝基精氨酸与喹啉磺酰氯缩合后再与哌啶羧酸酯缩合、酯水解、氢化去硝基,得目标产物。实验证明不论采取哪条路线,其产物Argatroban均是21(R)和21(S)的混合物,R∶S=64-65∶36-35。21(R)和21(S)物化性质极为接近,彻底分离难度很大,现已报导衍生后制备色谱分离,柱层析法和proteinA层析法分离【US 6 440 417,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Vol.82,No.6,672(1993)】,分离量小,收率低,尚达不到实用级水平。具体说:
氨基保护法:
1.硝基精氨酸t-Boc保护后与(2R,4R)哌啶甲酸酯缩合【EP 8746,US 4 258 192,US 4 201 863,JP 81-15,267,US 6 440 417,特许公报平2-31055】。
反应路线如图1。
2.硝基精氨酸t-Boc保护后与反式哌啶羧酸酯缩合、分离、拆分,再与喹啉磺酰氯缩合【Cossy.J.,et al,Bioorganic&Medicine Chemistry Letters,11(2001),1989-1992】。具体反应路线如图2。
非保护法:
当L-精氨酸直接与喹啉磺酰氯缩合时反应副产物多、不易分离,不适于工业化生产【特许公报平1-35000】。硝基-L-精氨酸为原料时反应产品单一,操作简易,适于工业化生产【EP 823 430】。具体反应路线如图3。
文献报导,通过X-衍射确定Argatroban内高含量异构体为21(R)【Hosckawa,K.,Mitsubishi Kasei Corporation,personal communication】。选择适当的条件,HPLC可将R和S体分离,先出现的主峰为21(R),后者为21(S)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种阿加曲班的分离方法,它是使用醇与水的混合物为溶剂,将右旋体21(R)和左旋体21(S)的混合物通过多次重结晶的方法得到单一光学活性体21(S)阿加曲班,本发明对阿加曲班(Argatroban)进行了实用级的分离,获得≥98%的21(S)阿加曲班(Argatroban)。
本发明提供的阿加曲班,21(S)阿加曲班的重量比≥98%,其分离方法包括的步骤:
1)以21(S)与21(R)的阿加曲班Argatroban为原料,在醇与水的混合物为溶剂加热回流5-10小时,溶液至透明;
2)冷却到室温,静置3-8小时,析出白色晶体,过滤,得产物;
3)产物80~100℃下干燥;
4)高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定21(S)的含量;
5)步骤1)-4)重复2~6次,母液合并,脱除溶剂,S体>35%循环套用作为初始原料。
所述的初始原料阿加曲班21(R)与21(S)的比例是:21(R)∶21(S)=65∶35;
所述的醇是甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;
所述的醇与水的重量(体积)比例:1∶1~6;
所述的原料和溶剂的重量比为1∶15~30;
所述的醇的重量百分浓度为15%~85%;
本发明采用HPLC定量分析方法,检测每次重结晶后R和S的含量。重结晶过程中,21(S)>35%循环,将≥80%21(R)部分淘汰,其他母液合并,脱除溶剂,循环套用作为初始原料,通过上述过程,其21(S)的重结晶收率约为10~15%。
本发明使用醇甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇与水的混合物为溶剂进行重结晶,通常通过一次重结晶,使21(S)含量提高10%-15%,不同含量的21(S)为原料,采用不同的溶剂比例,经过5-7次重结晶,可获得≥98%的21(S)。
本发明将21(R)和21(S)的混合物通过多次重结晶的方法得到单一光学活性体21(S)阿加曲班,本发明对阿加曲班(Argatroban)进行了实用级的分离,获得≥98%的21(S)阿加曲班(Argatroban)。
附图说明
图1硝基精氨酸t-Boc保护后与(2R,4R)哌啶甲酸酯缩合反应路线图示。
图2硝基精氨酸t-Boc保护后与反式哌啶羧酸酯缩合、分离、拆分,再与喹啉磺酰氯缩合反应路线图示。
图3非保护法反应路线图示。
具体实施方式
实施例1.将7克Argatroban(R∶S=65∶35),加入210ml 85%的甲醇水溶液中,加热回流6小时至透明,冷却到室温,静置5小时,析出白色晶体,过滤、80℃下干燥,重量5.6克,21(S)含量42.5%(HPLC法)。
实施例2.将5克Argatroban(R∶S=30∶70),加入100ml 50%的甲醇水溶液中,加热回流5小时至透明,冷却到室温,静置4小时,析出白色晶体,过滤、干燥,重量2.5克,21(S)含量85.0%(HPLC法)。
实施例3.将2克Argatroban(R∶S=23∶76),加入60ml 20%的甲醇水溶液中,加热回流3小时至透明,冷却到室温,静置3小时,析出固体,过滤、干燥,得白色晶体0.9克,21(S)含量94.9%(HPLC法)。
实施例4.将10克Argatroban(R∶S=7∶93),加入300ml 80%的甲醇水溶液中,加热回流10小时至透明,冷却到室温,静置8小时,析出产品,以此为原料,再重结晶三次,得白色晶体3.2克,21(S)含量98.1%(HPLC法)。

Claims (1)

1、一种阿加曲班的分离方法,以21(S)与21(R)的阿加曲班的混合物为原料,甲醇与水的混合物为溶剂,其特征在于它的步骤是:混合物原料在甲醇与水的混合物溶剂中加热回流5-10小时,溶液至透明,冷却到室温,静置3-8小时,析出白色晶体,过滤,产物80~100℃下干燥,高效液相色谱法测定21(S)阿加曲班的含量;
上述步骤重复2~6次,母液合并,脱除溶剂,21(S)阿加曲班>35%循环套用作为初始原料;
所述的原料和溶剂的重量比为1∶15~30;
所述的甲醇与水的混合物中甲醇的重量百分浓度为15%-85%。
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CN101362746B (zh) * 2007-08-06 2011-12-28 博瑞生物医药技术(苏州)有限公司 阿加曲班单一立体异构体的分离方法及多晶型物
CN102329371B (zh) * 2007-08-06 2013-07-10 博瑞生物医药技术(苏州)有限公司 阿加曲班单一立体异构体的分离方法及多晶型物
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CN102228426A (zh) * 2011-06-17 2011-11-02 天津市炜杰科技有限公司 以醇作为增溶剂的21(r)阿加曲班静脉注射液
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CN104558103B (zh) * 2013-10-24 2019-02-26 四川科瑞德制药股份有限公司 一种阿加曲班中间体的制备方法
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EP2824187A1 (en) 2013-07-09 2015-01-14 Euticals S.P.A. Biocatalyzed synthesis of the optically pure (R) and (S) 3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and their use as chiral synthons for the preparation of the antithrombotic (21R)- and (21S)-argatroban

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