CN1005801B - 具有干涉滤光层的电灯 - Google Patents
具有干涉滤光层的电灯 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1005801B CN1005801B CN86104344.8A CN86104344A CN1005801B CN 1005801 B CN1005801 B CN 1005801B CN 86104344 A CN86104344 A CN 86104344A CN 1005801 B CN1005801 B CN 1005801B
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N helicin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC=CC=C1C=O BGOFCVIGEYGEOF-UJPOAAIJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/28—Interference filters
- G02B5/281—Interference filters designed for the infrared light
- G02B5/282—Interference filters designed for the infrared light reflecting for infrared and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
- H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
- Connecting Device With Holders (AREA)
Abstract
具有干涉滤光层的电灯。按照本发明的电灯，有一ＳｉＯ2重量含量不少于９５％的玻璃灯管（１），其中安装了电元件（３），电元件可以是灯丝或一对电极，灯管上涂有ＳｉＯ2和Ｎｂ2Ｏ5交替相叠的干涉滤光层。（图１）
Description
本发明涉及一种电灯，其中包括用真空密封法封装的玻璃灯管，且其SiO2重量含量至少为95%，电源导线贯穿灯管管壁一直延伸到安装在灯管内的电元件上，电元件可以是灯丝或一对电极，该灯管涂复有主要为SiO2和主要为金属氧化物层交替相叠的干涉滤光层。
上述所说的电灯，从英国专利说明书2103830，已是公知的技术了。
由于存在干涉滤光层，白炽灯发射出来的辐射光光谱便不同于不具有这种滤光层的灯了。滤光层可用于白炽灯中反射红外辐射，以减少灯的热损耗，使灯有较高的效率。另一种可能的事，是用滤光层反射给定的波长的光，使灯发射出带颜色的光来，例如滤光层也可用于金属卤化物放电灯中，以反射红外辐射。
人们早就熟知装有干涉滤光层的白炽灯，象美国专利4017758中披露和描述的一种白炽灯，它包括由外灯泡包封着的石英玻璃灯管，而干涉滤光层安置在灯管与外灯泡之间安全的位置上。然而，因外灯泡造成了发射光的额外反射，其结果使光不易集聚，是有外灯泡的一个缺点。另一个缺点是外灯泡导致电灯体积增大，从而使灯的光源体积更大，且发射的光也就更难集聚了。
上述所说的英国专利说明书2103830所披露的灯是一种白炽灯，为人们提供了有益的启示，干涉滤光层直接在灯管的表面上形成，因此可以省去作为滤光层支承体的外灯泡，该滤光层由SiO2和Ta2O5二种材料层交替相叠构成。
二氧化硅折射率低并且具有良好的物理与化学的稳定性，从使用SiO2重量含量在95%或更高的玻璃制成的卤族元素白炽灯灯管及放电灯中显示了这一点。五氧化二钽有相当高的折射率（n＝2.13），但Ta2O5的缺点在于只有有限的物理与化学的稳定性。在800℃下大约经过30分钟的热处理以后，滤光层中的Ta2O5就已结晶化为β-Ta2O5型多晶体，其结果是：滤光层既散射发射出去的光，又降低了集聚以及散射反射的辐射的性能。如果滤光层是反射红外辐射的滤光器的话，那么，由于漫反射作用，在白炽灯内的红外辐射就较少返回灯丝。这就是说，该滤光层所改善的发光效率比之Ta2O5不存在结晶化的情况下应有的效率要低。
五氧化二钽还有一个缺点，灯在使用时，作为滤光层组成部份的五氧化二钽层会产生机械应力，导致滤光层上出现裂纹，这些裂纹一如龟纹明显可见。
另一个缺陷是高湿下Ta2O5变成灰色，降低了透明度。缺氧下，这如同放电灯的外灯泡中情况一样，变化灰色的程度比之在空气中还要严重。虽然有外灯泡的放电灯干涉滤光层直接形成在灯管（即放电管）上，滤光层反射的辐射在返回到放电管之前不经多次反射，同样也可能是重要的。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有干涉滤光层的电灯装置，其中于涉滤光层有着高的物理与化学的稳定性。
本发明的目的已经达到，本文第一段中所说的各种类型的电灯中，所说的金属氧化物为五氧化二铌。
因为五氧化二铌甚至在高温，例如800℃，依然有高的物理与化学的稳定性，所以证明它完全适合于用作在高含量SiO2玻璃，比如石英玻璃灯管上，作为直接形成干涉滤光层的组元。不仅适用于白炽灯，尤其是充惰性气体与溴化氢的卤素白炽灯，而且也适用于放电灯，例如充入的气体中含金属卤化物的高压汞灯。放电灯灯管外包着外灯泡，之间为真空或充入惰性气体（混合物），如氮气，之后加以密封。
按照本发明制成的电灯，经过反复点灭，在干涉滤光层上并没有出现细裂纹。显然，五氧化二铌不会或者事实上不会在滤光层中产生机械应力，而其余的滤光层光学特性却仍然保持不变。
五氧化二铌一个有利的特点在于它具有低密度，这样一来，制作滤光层所需的原材料的用量就会稍少些，因此制造产品的原材料也就稍少一点费用。五氧化二铌的另一个很好的性能是折射率，约为2.35，比五氧化二钽的2.13稍高，因此，为要获得给定的透射光谱曲线，使用Nb2O5所需的层数会比使用Ta2O5的层数为少。在相同叠层对数下，从反射到发射出去的波长上看，Nb2O5提供了更陡的发射光谱曲线过渡区。因而，用Nb2O5就能以相当低的成本去获得优质的电灯。
干涉滤光层可涂复在灯管的外表面、内表面或内外表面，例如在升高温度降低压力下，沿灯管管壁或灯管内腔，交替地通入气体混合物，分别形成SiO2与Nb2O5层。涂复二氧化硅可用在氮气中含硅烷和氧气的混合气体，或用氮气中含原硅酸四乙酯。涂复五氧化铌可用混合气体，例如五乙基铌酸和氮气的混合气体。
按照本发明的灯，它的一个最佳实施例表示在附图中，在附图中：
图1是电灯的侧视图;
图2表示干涉滤光层的反射光谱曲线。
图1中表示的灯有一园筒形的石英玻璃灯管1，电源导线2a、2b、2c贯穿灯管管壁一直延伸到绕成螺旋形的钨丝3，钨丝3安装在灯管1内并用螺旋状的支架4固定在灯管的中心，灯管1在钼箔2b部分以真空密封法封接，把钼丝2a和钨丝2c焊到钼箔2b上。灯管中充入添加了百分之零点几溴化氢的氮气。灯管的外表涂有SiO2层与Nb2O5层交替相叠的干涉滤光层5，该层把红外辐射反射到灯丝3上，而透过可见光。
用图表为例说明滤光层5的结构
*标准波长＝辐射波长，层厚度为该波长四分之一的光学厚度，图2显示出按图表说明的干涉滤光层的反射光谱曲线。滤光层在光谱的可见光区反射率很低（即高透射率），而在红外区反射率则相当高。
Claims (3)
1、一种电灯，具有用真空密封法封装的、SiO2含量占重量至少为95%的玻璃灯管，电源导线贯穿该灯管管壁一直延伸到安装在灯管内的电元件上，该灯管涂复有主要为SiO2和主要为金属氧化物的层交替相叠的干涉滤光层，其特征在于，金属氧化物是五氧化二铌。
2、根据权利要求1所述的电灯，其特征在于，所述的电元件是一钨灯丝。
3、根据权利要求1所述的电灯，其特征在于，所述的电元件是一对棒形电极。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL8501674 | 1985-06-11 | ||
| NL8501674A NL191813C (nl) | 1985-06-11 | 1985-06-11 | Elektrische lamp voorzien van een interferentiefilter. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN86104344A CN86104344A (zh) | 1987-02-25 |
| CN1005801B true CN1005801B (zh) | 1989-11-15 |
Family
ID=19846119
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN86104344.8A Expired CN1005801B (zh) | 1985-06-11 | 1986-06-08 | 具有干涉滤光层的电灯 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4734614A (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH0762998B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1005801B (zh) |
| BE (1) | BE904893A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1259097A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3617638C2 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR2583219B1 (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2176651B (zh) |
| HU (1) | HU193860B (zh) |
| IT (1) | IT1190045B (zh) |
| NL (1) | NL191813C (zh) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4949005A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1990-08-14 | General Electric Company | Tantala-silica interference filters and lamps using same |
| DD289172A5 (de) * | 1988-11-29 | 1991-04-18 | N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken,Nl | Anordnung zur verarbeitung von inforemationen sowie mit dieser anordnung erhaltener aufzeichnungstraeger |
| CA2017471C (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 2000-10-24 | Matthew Eric Krisl | Optical interference coatings and lamps using same |
| JPH048858A (ja) * | 1990-04-26 | 1992-01-13 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | ガスエンジンの空燃比制御装置 |
| US5422534A (en) * | 1992-11-18 | 1995-06-06 | General Electric Company | Tantala-silica interference filters and lamps using same |
| DE69529270T2 (de) * | 1994-08-22 | 2003-10-09 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Elektrische lampe beschichtet mit einem interferenzfilm |
| DE69622838T2 (de) * | 1995-10-20 | 2003-04-24 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Elektrische lampe |
| US5923471A (en) | 1996-11-26 | 1999-07-13 | Deposition Sciences, Inc. | Optical interference coating capable of withstanding severe temperature environments |
| US6049169A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-04-11 | Philips Electronics North America Corp. | Electric lamp having optical interference filter of alternating layers of SiO2 and Nb2 O5 --Ta2 O5 |
| DE19843852A1 (de) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-30 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Elektrische Glühlampe |
| DE19843853A1 (de) * | 1998-09-24 | 2000-03-30 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Elektrische Glühlampe |
| US6785002B2 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2004-08-31 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Variable filter-based optical spectrometer |
| AU2003302782A1 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Lamp with infrared reflecting coating |
| US20070052363A1 (en) * | 2002-12-17 | 2007-03-08 | Koninkijkle Phillips Electronics N.V. | High-pressure discharge lamp |
| US20050242301A1 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-11-03 | Advanced Light Technologies, Llc, A Corporation Of The State Of California | Targeted radiation treatment using a spectrally selective radiation emitter |
| US20070182334A1 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2007-08-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronic, N.V. | High-pressure discharge lamp |
| US20080259626A1 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2008-10-23 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. | Electric Lamp |
| US20080074023A1 (en) * | 2006-09-26 | 2008-03-27 | Charles Bert Hickman | More energy efficient light bulb |
| JP2008129031A (ja) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-06-05 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電気光学装置、及びこれを備えた電子機器 |
| US9115864B2 (en) | 2013-08-21 | 2015-08-25 | General Electric Company | Optical interference filters, and filament tubes and lamps provided therewith |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH379069A (de) * | 1958-05-21 | 1964-06-30 | Zeiss Carl Fa | Oberflächenmässig gefärbtes Glas |
| DE1811158A1 (de) * | 1968-11-27 | 1970-06-18 | Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen | Glasgegenstaende mit strahlungsdaemmendem Oberflaechenbelag |
| NL7405071A (nl) * | 1974-04-16 | 1975-10-20 | Philips Nv | Gloeilamp met infrarood filter. |
| US3962062A (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1976-06-08 | Northern Electric Company Limited | Sputtered dielectric thin films |
| DE2648878C3 (de) * | 1976-10-28 | 1981-11-19 | Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmestrahlen-Sperrfilters |
| CA1177704A (en) * | 1981-07-20 | 1984-11-13 | James D. Rancourt | Optical coatings for high temperature applications |
| JPH0612663B2 (ja) * | 1984-06-05 | 1994-02-16 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | 白熱電球 |
-
1985
- 1985-06-11 NL NL8501674A patent/NL191813C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-05-26 DE DE3617638A patent/DE3617638C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-02 HU HU862311A patent/HU193860B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-04 CA CA000510845A patent/CA1259097A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-05 US US06/871,033 patent/US4734614A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-06 IT IT20699/86A patent/IT1190045B/it active
- 1986-06-06 GB GB08613816A patent/GB2176651B/en not_active Expired
- 1986-06-08 CN CN86104344.8A patent/CN1005801B/zh not_active Expired
- 1986-06-09 JP JP61131992A patent/JPH0762998B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-06-09 BE BE0/216762A patent/BE904893A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-06-10 FR FR868608368A patent/FR2583219B1/fr not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2176651A (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| IT8620699A0 (it) | 1986-06-06 |
| US4734614A (en) | 1988-03-29 |
| GB8613816D0 (en) | 1986-07-09 |
| IT8620699A1 (it) | 1987-12-06 |
| HUT41160A (en) | 1987-03-30 |
| JPH0762998B2 (ja) | 1995-07-05 |
| CN86104344A (zh) | 1987-02-25 |
| CA1259097A (en) | 1989-09-05 |
| DE3617638C2 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
| NL8501674A (nl) | 1987-01-02 |
| HU193860B (en) | 1987-12-28 |
| JPS61285652A (ja) | 1986-12-16 |
| BE904893A (fr) | 1986-12-09 |
| IT1190045B (it) | 1988-02-10 |
| NL191813B (nl) | 1996-04-01 |
| FR2583219A1 (fr) | 1986-12-12 |
| DE3617638A1 (de) | 1986-12-11 |
| GB2176651B (en) | 1988-12-21 |
| NL191813C (nl) | 1996-08-02 |
| FR2583219B1 (fr) | 1989-12-29 |
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