CN100573024C - 废气热交换器 - Google Patents

废气热交换器 Download PDF

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CN100573024C
CN100573024C CNB2006800381473A CN200680038147A CN100573024C CN 100573024 C CN100573024 C CN 100573024C CN B2006800381473 A CNB2006800381473 A CN B2006800381473A CN 200680038147 A CN200680038147 A CN 200680038147A CN 100573024 C CN100573024 C CN 100573024C
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exhaust
shell
pass line
heat exchanger
steel pipe
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CN101287956A (zh
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格奥尔格·卡姆勒
于尔根·罗辛
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Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/04—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/11—Manufacture or assembly of EGR systems; Materials or coatings specially adapted for EGR systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/23—Layout, e.g. schematics
    • F02M26/25—Layout, e.g. schematics with coolers having bypasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00—Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/06—Derivation channels, e.g. bypass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/18—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for removing contaminants, e.g. for degassing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/02—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus for controlling the distribution of heat-exchange media between different channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

本发明涉及一种废气热交换器，包括由废气管组成的管束和旁通管道，以及被液体冷却剂流经的壳体。所述管束和旁通管道与一个共同的废气进口区域相连，在废气进口区域有一个废气阀，用于控制废气使其从管束中或者从旁通管道中流过。按照本发明，旁通管道是一个带有耐高温塑料制成的外壳(11)的优质钢管(10)，所述旁通管道(4)位于被冷却液流经的壳体里。

Description

废气热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气热交换器，它包括一个由废气管组成的管束和一个旁通管道。
背景技术
在汽车领域中，废气热交换器通常被称为废气采暖装置，也就是所谓的加热器或废气冷却器。在DE-A19962863中申请人已公开了一种废气热交换器，它作为一个加热器用于带有消耗最优化的发动机的汽车中，以补偿上述发动机加热热能的不足。废气通过废气管管束把它的热量散发至流经汽车加热器的加热体的冷却液中。在不需要废气加热的情况下，一个废气阀将废气流转向，以使它通过旁通管道流过，该旁通管道通过隔板与废气管热绝缘，这样在很大程度上抑制了废气加热的影响。废气管位于被冷却液流经的壳体中，而旁通管道设置在单独的热绝缘的空间中。这样布置的优点是废气管和旁通管道的结合为整体，但缺点是旁通管道的热绝缘造成空间的浪费。
DE-A 102 03 003公开了一种能够在废气再循环系统中主要作为废气冷却器的废气热交换器。然而，从内燃机废气管中排出的废气，在废气冷却器中，由冷却环路的冷却剂冷却，然后又回补到发动机中用于完全燃烧。在这里，所述旁通管道与废气管管束并联，这样，在需要冷却时，废气流经管束，而在不需要冷却的情况下，废气则从旁通管道流过。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于改善和简化前面所述的废气热交换器的热绝缘，并尽可能地节约空间。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术特征实现的。按照发明，热交换器的管束和旁通管道位于一个壳体中，壳体中流经冷却液，所述旁通管道被一个塑料外壳热绝缘。由于废气的相对温度很高，所以塑料是耐高温的，例如PTEE或PT。这样就实现了以下优点，即取消由隔板分开的两个独立的空间，并在最小的空间内实现有效的热绝缘。旁通管道紧邻废气管束，因此也可被冷却液环流，但由于旁通管道是热绝缘的，因而当热废气流过旁通管道时，不会或很少向冷却液散发热量。
在本发明的另一个较优实施例中，所述旁通管道是一种优质钢管，优选的是带有椭圆形的截面，也就是说，与废气管的管束相匹配。优质钢管的壁厚优选大约为0.4mm，因此可以焊接到管板上。本发明的另一个有利的改进，是塑料外壳比优质钢管的长度略短，因此，在优质钢管焊接到所述管板上时，塑料外壳不会受到高温的破坏。优选的焊接方法是激光焊，这样在管/板连接区域中只有非常狭小的局部部位会被加热。
本发明的另一个有利的改进是：塑料外壳既可以是单构件的管也可以是由两个半壳连接到一起组成的管。单构件的管的优点是非常便宜，如挤出成型的塑料管。相比之下，两半式管的优势是可以在钢管焊接到管板上以后再装配在一起。
本发明的另一个有利的改进是：塑料外壳设有排气孔，它们优选地布置在外壳的上面和下面。在优质钢管的外表面和塑料外壳的内表面之间有着狭缝，该狭缝中充满了冷却液，在热废气的高温下冷却液被蒸发。这种方式所产生的冷却液蒸汽一方面具有绝缘效果，但另一方面则应通过排气孔逃逸到外面以避免造成损坏。
按照本发明的一个有利的改进，塑料外壳的壁厚大约是1.5mm，因此，可以在最小的安装空间内有实现有效的热绝缘。
附图说明
下面结合附图具体描述本发明的一个最佳实施方式，附图中：
图1是废气冷却器的立体图；
图2是图1中所示的废气冷却器的废气阀门的剖面图；
图3是用于废气冷却器的具有塑料外壳的旁通管道。
具体实施方式
图1所示的是已知的用于汽车发动机废气再循环系统的废气冷却器1。废气冷却器1在DE-A10203003中已详细描述，因而本申请的公开内容将完全地采纳上述专利。废气冷却器1大体上包括一个废气管3组成的管束2和一个旁通管道4，所述管束2和旁通管道4焊接在管板5的端面上。对面的管板(未示出)是相同的设计，也就是说，废气管3和旁通管道4在另一侧也被密封的焊接。在两个管板之间是一个被冷却液流经的壳体6；所述壳体具有冷却液接口6a、6b，这些接口与汽车内燃机的冷却环路(图未示)相连接。废气冷却器1的所有零件优选的由优质钢制成。
图2显示了带有壳体6的废气冷却器1的纵向截面，所述壳体6越过管板5，延长成为一个废气进口连接管7，连接管7构成了废气进口区域8。废气进气口流向如箭头A所示。在废气进气区域8中，在管板5之前布置着一个可转动的阀门9，该阀门9具有两个成一定角度的封闭面9a，9b，并可以绕回转轴9c旋转。废气阀门由一个图未示的伺服电机调节。当阀门在图示的位置，废气管3被关闭，而旁通管道4的横截面则是完全打开的。阀门在另一个位置时(图未示)，封闭面9a关闭了旁通管道4，同时废气管3的横截面被打开-这样，在流过壳体6的冷却液的作用下废气被冷却。图1和图2中所示-如上所述-符合前面所述的现有技术，特别是在旁通管道4的设计方面。
图3所示的是本发明的带有外壳的旁通管道10，用来替代图1和图2所示的现有技术中的旁通管道4。旁通管道10是由优质钢制成的，其材料的厚度可以是0.4mm，并具有与现有的旁通管道(与废气管3相对应)相一致的横截面。如图所示，横截面3是椭圆形的，也就是说，带有两个扁平侧和两个经过倒圆的窄侧。旁通管道10被外壳11所环绕，所述外壳由耐高温的塑料如PTFE或PI组成，同时，外壳11密封地即通过过盈和滑动配合紧贴在旁通管道上。在周长上，外壳11完全包围旁通管道10，但是在长度上，外壳11要比旁通管道10要短，所述旁通管道在其端侧相对于外壳11分别具有一个突出的长度ü。所述突出的长度ü的设置是出于加工技术的考虑，因为旁通管道10的端侧要插入在管板中并在那里焊接。在焊接时不应出现对塑料外壳11来说不能接受的加热。优选的焊接方法为激光焊接，这样只有在管/板连接区域中非常有限的局部部位会被加热。在旁通管道10已安装好的状态下，塑料外壳11几乎直接触及到管板，这样，旁通管道10通过塑料外壳11实现了几乎是全面的绝热。塑料外壳的材料厚度是大约1.5mm。塑料外壳既可以是由塑料挤出成型的单构件的管，也可以是如图所示的由两个半壳11a、11b连接到一起组成的一个管。在两半式结构的情况下，两个半壳11a、11b在它们的纵向侧即旁通管道10的窄侧通过法兰11c相互连接。多个直径大约2mm的排气孔12位于塑料外壳11的上部和下部的半壳11a、11b中。排气孔12使塑料外壳11和废气管10之间的狭缝(未示出)产生连接，在废气冷却器运转过程中所述狭缝中充满了冷却液。当热的废气流过旁通管道10时，冷却剂蒸发。冷却剂蒸汽从排气孔中逃逸到外边，变成冷却液，以防止在塑料外壳11的内部产生过高的压力。同时通过塑料外壳11和旁通管道10之间的狭缝里的冷却液的蒸发作用产生附加的热绝缘效果。
通过本发明的旁通管道10的设计，也就是说由于塑料外壳11，使废气管3和带有外壳11的旁通管道10可以一起安装在被冷却液流经的壳体6中，而不需要在壳体6中设置用于旁通管道绝热的隔板，从而获得一个既节省空间同时又有效绝热的结构。

Claims (13)

1.一种废气热交换器，包括由废气管(3)组成的管束(2)和旁通管道(4)，以及被液体冷却剂流经的壳体(6)，所述管束(2)和旁通管道(4)与一个共同的废气进口区域(8)相连，在废气进口区域有一个废气阀(9)，用于控制废气使其从管束(2)中或者从旁通管道(4)中流过，其特征在于，旁通管道(4)是一个带有耐高温塑料制成的外壳(11)的优质钢管(10)，所述外壳(11)周向上大体环绕所述优质钢管(10)，且外壳(11)在长度方向上基本覆盖所述优质钢管(10)，所述旁通管道(4)位于被液体冷却剂流经的壳体(6)里。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，所述优质钢管(10).的横截面是椭圆形的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，所述优质钢管(10)的壁厚是0.4mm。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，在废气进口区域(8)和废气出口区域布置有一管板(5)，并且优质钢管(10)的端部焊接在管板(5)上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，所述旁通管道的外壳(11)比优质钢管(10)短，所述优质钢管在其各端侧分别具有一个突出的长度(ü)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，外壳(11)的延伸到管板(5)前为止。
7.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或6所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，外壳(11)是一个管，并套在优质钢管(10)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，外壳(11)是一个单构件的管。
9.根据权利要求7所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，外壳(11)是一个由两个半壳组合起来的管。
10.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或6或8或9中任一权利要求所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，外壳(11)的壁厚是1.5mm。
11.根据权利要求1或2或3或5或6或8或9中任一权利要求所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，在外壳上具有排气孔(12)，它们位于外壳(11)的上部和下部。
12.根据权利要求11所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，所述排气孔(12)的直径是2mm。
13.根据权利要求10所述的废气热交换器，其特征在于，在外壳上具有排气孔(12)，它们位于外壳(11)的上部和下部。
CNB2006800381473A 2005-08-27 2006-07-19 废气热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN100573024C (zh)

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US20080223024A1 (en) 2008-09-18
ATE412869T1 (de) 2008-11-15
KR20080038394A (ko) 2008-05-06
CN101287956A (zh) 2008-10-15
EP1922520A1 (de) 2008-05-21
US7721792B2 (en) 2010-05-25
RU2008111635A (ru) 2009-10-10
EP1922520B1 (de) 2008-10-29
JP2009506287A (ja) 2009-02-12
KR101348831B1 (ko) 2014-01-07
DE502006001959D1 (de) 2008-12-11
DE102005040612A1 (de) 2007-03-01
WO2007025610A1 (de) 2007-03-08

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