CN100554193C - Administer biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of natural water body - Google Patents
Administer biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of natural water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN100554193C CN100554193C CNB2007100201373A CN200710020137A CN100554193C CN 100554193 C CN100554193 C CN 100554193C CN B2007100201373 A CNB2007100201373 A CN B2007100201373A CN 200710020137 A CN200710020137 A CN 200710020137A CN 100554193 C CN100554193 C CN 100554193C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
Abstract
Administer biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of natural water body, belong to a kind of biology, engineering composite ecological control method that is applicable to natural water bodies such as administering lake, reservoir, river course and view, belong to the environmental improvement technical field.According to technical scheme provided by the invention, biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of administering natural water body comprise following steps: a, enclose and block the waters---with isolated material water body is surrounded some waters, unit; B, leave nothing usable to the invading enemy---in the waters, unit that surrounds, remove, drive away predator fish with the mode of driveing; C, algae removal---be covered with the water surface with overcover in the waters, unit after leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy, make the algae in the water body dead because of lacking photosynthesis; And reduce stormy waves and mix water body; Plantation or transplant submerged plant in the high waters, unit of d, the transparency behind algae removal.The present invention have less investment, instant effect, effective, the time is long, view is beautiful and characteristics such as non-secondary pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of biology, engineering composite ecological control method that is applicable to natural water bodies such as administering lake, reservoir, river course and view, belong to the environmental improvement technical field.
Background technology
Water is a kind of material of mystery, and she makes the earth become the celestial body of a wisdom, has brought up with countless changes biological world;
Water is a kind of important, indispensable material.She is the lifeblood of lifespring, agricultural, the blood of industry, the component of environment, ecological pillar, the lifeline of society;
Water is a kind of active material, and she is fabulous solvent, and material shifts by her; Metabolism comes newly old by her, pollute by her and handle up, and decomposes by her and is undertaken;
Water is a kind of material of stubbornness, and the pollution of water is the most serious pollution, also is the pollution of refractory reason.
Love water, protection water pollute quite serious today at water, are everyone sacred duties;
China is a big country that inlet is numerous, but the occupancy volume of fresh water only is 1/4th of the average occupancy volume of world population per capita, should water resources not enrich.Today, what particularly point out is that the pollution of China's Freshwater resources is quite serious, to not administering not all right stage.
With regard to the lake, the eutrophication phenomenon has appearred in China in 70～eighties, and at present, China has 80% freshwater lake to be polluted, and many lakes have not reached IV class water quality standard.The color of lake water, smell all have deterioration in various degree, and part has become receives dirty water body.Seriously influenced resident's the healthy and national economic development.
The eutrophication of shallow lake just occurred as far back as 20 beginnings of the century, developed country is at the research and discovery that has experienced nearly half a century aspect the improvement eutrophy lake, accumulated rich experience, but governance process generally needs the more than ten years at least, at most the time of decades.China has just carried out the research and the improvement work in eutrophy lake from " six or five " beginning comprehensively, and the emphasis regulation is carried out in lakes such as the West Lake, Dian Chi; Relevant local government also renovates the XuanWu Lake, East Lake, five li micropolis lakes such as lake, but up to now, still the recovery fully of water quality and ecotope has been realized in none lake.Because the eutrophication in shallow water type lake is a difficult reversible process, even inside and outside source of pollution have obtained effective control, natural, ecological in the lake recovers still will experience very long process, Vesijalvi shallow lake as Finland, as far back as 20th century the mid-1970s just removed the external source phosphorus load more than 95%, but the blue-green alga bloom in the lake does not alleviate yet after 20 years.Holland's effect that some lakelets are dredged around improvement Ijssel lake is also not obvious, and costly.Japan has planned with 600,000,000 dollars to 220km
2Second big lake---Xia Puhu dredges 30cm to improve water quality, and effect waits check.
Write in " Urban Water Environment engineering " book that the Zhang Bingyin of Tsing-Hua University, the Ni Guangheng that has just seen recently writes: the foreign lake treatment scientist in position is arranged recently, be named as Shmpiro, twice proposition is named as " bio operon " theory, to administer the eutrophication in lake.His bio operon is defined as the relation between the trophic level in the ecosystem of using the lake, by series adjustment to coenosis and living environment thereof, thus the biomass of minimizing algae, to improve water quality.This seems using the Wuxi fisherman knowledge of breeding fish for 60～seventies, instructs his improvement theory.Theory that he proposed and method are far away from the theory and the method for our proposition today.
" in the Urban Water Environment engineering " of writing at the Zhang Bingyin of Tsing-Hua University, also propose one and be called that " multi-functional river channel ecology engineering is repaired (Mnltifunctional ecological engineering) notion; being the multi-functional river course purification system that city river is designed to have multiple natural landscape and biological group, view and purification function and deposits, is an ecological engineering technology that utilizes multi-functional river course purification pollutant in water." do not introduce in the proviso lake " biological control " of their two propositions and river course " recovery project " put into practice example.
The West Lake, Hangzhou is domestic and international well-known scenery travelling sight spot, and the Hangzhou people administer since 80 years just the West Lake, because of the eutrophication in lake quite serious.West Lake anteroposterior diameter is crossed dry lake, desilting for several times, and the water of resetting is again then administered." during "the 10th five-years" ", make a decision again the West Lake is renovated completely.The report in a tree name Shanghai Xinmin Evening News on January 2nd, 2007: " effort of Hangzhou Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Xihu by 5 years carried out omnibearing comprehensive improvement to the West Lake, and accumulative total is removed surplus the building 450,000 illegal and value without reserve square metre; Move more than 2500 families of resident family and unit altogether, reduce people surplus the population 7000 of scenic spot; Hectare surplus the newly-increased public greening 100 recovers 90 hectares of the waters surface, has also finished West Lake dredging engineering and has drawn the water distribution engineering, and the average depth of the West Lake is increased to 2.5 meters by 1.65 meters before dredging; The year water distribution quantity of the West Lake reaches 1.2 billion cubic meters, and West Lake water has been realized changing in one month one, and the water quality of the West Lake is greatly improved, transparency from before 40cm bring up to 65cm." limit, the West Lake has water quality can so change water in the Qiantang River preferably, but so transparency may be more shallow, can not think the improvement of success.
" the physics ecological engineering experiment that Taihu Lake Wu Lihu purifies water " that State Scientific and Technological Commission, the Department of Science and Technology of European Union support just born by comrades such as the geographical Pu of the institute training in the Nanjing people since 94 years and from " 863 " demonstration projects of the State Scientific and Technological Commission that is born by units such as the aquatic institute in Wuhan, Beijing Environmental Science Institute, Shanghai Agricultural universities in 2002 in five li lakes of Wuxi.They are that one good " experiment " and " demonstration " done in five li lakes improvement, obtain many valuable experience.
At present, the improvement of natural water body, conclude nearly following four class methods:
1. cut dirty method---stop and flow into the water pollution material, in case further pollute.This method is administered the slight pollution water body or is prevented water pollution effectively.But. destroyed when original water ecology, become algae type water body, then this law does not have positive effect.It is worthy of note that cutting dirt is the requisite prerequisite that natural water body is administered!
2. desilting method---remove the contaminated mud in bottom.Usually earlier water body is contained, water is drained, dig or wash away mud again.This law is present the most frequently used method, but effect and unsatisfactory.Quantities is big, weak effect.
3. the food chain method---be that proverb is said: big fish swallowing little fish, and small fish eats shrimp ....Utilize the food chain relation between hydrocoles in the water body, the plant,, nutritive substance in the water is taken out finally with the fishery products form.To purify water.Present method is generally valued by Chinese scholars, expert at present, but a large amount of practice explanation, this method be difficult to cure eutrophication water body.This method is used well, can reduce " wawter bloom " and take place.This method is simple, and less investment bears interest again.Therefore, in the less demanding place of water body treating, be a kind of good method.
4. the bacterial classification method---main input bacterial classification and the zymin of relying on is to purify water.Present method mainly is used for little water body in developed country to be handled, and is introduced Chinese natural water body by foreign capital affiliate at present and administers.Whether but price is expensive high, have secondary pollution to wait to observe.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of less investment, instant effect, effective, the time is long, view is beautiful and the natural water body of non-secondary pollution is administered biology, engineering composite ecological control method are provided.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of administering natural water body comprise following steps:
A, enclose and block the waters---with isolated material water body is surrounded some waters, unit;
B, leave nothing usable to the invading enemy---in the waters, unit that surrounds, remove, drive away predator fish with the mode of driveing;
C, algae removal---be covered with the water surface with overcover in the waters, unit after leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy, make the algae in the water body dead because of lacking photosynthesis; And reduce stormy waves and mix water body;
Plantation or transplant submerged plant in the high waters, unit of d, the transparency behind algae removal.
Isolated material among the step a is soil or plastic knitting bagging, bamboo and/or wood, and the waters, unit is 10000～1000000 meters
2The mode of driveing is for catching predator fish or will drive predator fish in the low tension water guide with fishnet; Described predator fish is grass carp, bream, crucian or carp.
Described overcover is an engineering lightweight light screening material, or floatingleaved plant of planting in this waters and/or pleuston, or hangs foster freshwater mussel in this waters.Described engineering lightweight light screening material is porous plastics or gobo; Described floatingleaved plant is water chestnut or lotus; Pleuston is duckweed or Herba Eichhorniae or water peanut.
In steps d, the fraction of coverage of submerged plant is greater than 65%.Hanging the injected volume of supporting freshwater mussel among the step c is 800～1200kg/ mu waters.In steps d, the principal item of submerged plant is one or more in hydrilla verticillata, hornwort, Herba potamogetonis distincti, poly-grass, waterweed, eel grass, water caltrop, bladderwort, the najas marina.
In the waters of having planted submerged plant, throw in a spot of activated sludge or fresh water nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium, to accelerate water body purification speed and to improve depuration quality.In the waters of having planted submerged plant, in the waters, unit, cause miniflow water with oxygenating machine or pneumatics pump.
The water body that uses present technique to administer can make water body realize by the transformation of algae type lake to careless type lake.In case successfully realize this transformation, water body can return to optimum ecological state.Historying teaches that of lake, in 10000000 year long history long river before not comtaminated, the shallow water freshwater lake all is careless type lake basically.Therefore, administer water body, have following advantage with present technique:
1 time is long---because the water body through administering, repairing becomes a careless type lake, is the benign ecosystem, pollute under the situation about being effectively controlled in external source, as long as this ecosystem is constant, water body just can maintain a good state for a long time, reaches to keep effect for a long time;
2 instant effects---because present technique has been used and hidden engineering cleverly, the algae of water body be can make, growth conditions, mass mortality in the short period of time, lost.From then on, the very fast raising of the transparency of water makes the plantation of pasture and water that possibility arranged.Therefore, small water can take effect in 2 years～3 years;
3 view U.S.s---administer successful water body, water colour is clear, and pasture and water grow thickly, and scenery is charming, becomes landscape water body;
4, less investment---administer water body with present technique, cost is about 20～25 yuan/meter
3Usually only desilting of water body treating, the individual event charge reaches about 10 yuan/meter
2If use the bacterial classification method of throwing, charge is up to 40 yuan/meter
3
5, effective---in a single day, will improve water body self-purification ability greatly because recover the optimum ecosystem.Can farthest to maintain a good state, reach best effect because of differences such as the size of water body, improvement degree, surrounding environment, external source amount of contamination;
6 do not throw or offer medicine less, and thing---the use present technique is administered water body, can accomplish not throw or seldom offer medicine thing, to prevent from, to reduce to cause because of a large amount of input medicines the secondary pollution of water body.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
A, enclose and block the waters---with isolated material water body is surrounded some waters, unit; Described isolated material is soil or plastic knitting bagging, bamboo and/or wood, and the waters, unit is 10000～1000000 meters
2Water body flows and exchange to reduce; And can reduce stormy waves, in order to avoid start silt particle, mix water body; Also can stop the harmful organisms invasion.
B, leave nothing usable to the invading enemy---in the waters, unit that surrounds, remove, drive away predator fish with the mode of driveing, with prevent to stir and make muddy water body, the beneficial organism of eating; The described mode of driveing is for catching predator fish or will drive predator fish in the low tension water guide with fishnet; Described predator fish is grass carp, bream, crucian or carp.
C, algae removal---be covered with the water surface with overcover in the waters, unit after leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy, the sunlight that algae depends on for existence in anhydrating with screening makes algae death; Or the freshwater mussel of 800～1200kg/ mu is hung in the water, with the algae that eats; The transparency of water is increased; And reduce stormy waves and mix water body.Described overcover is an engineering lightweight light screening material, as porous plastics or gobo; Or floatingleaved plant of in this waters, planting and/or pleuston, or in this waters, hang foster freshwater mussel.Described floatingleaved plant is water chestnut or lotus; Pleuston is duckweed or Herba Eichhorniae or water peanut.
Plantation or transplant submerged plant in the high waters, unit of d, the transparency behind algae removal.With the dissolved oxygen content that absorbs nutritive substance, oxygen supply, raising water, constitute biological platform, impel the water purification biological growth.The fraction of coverage of described submerged plant is greater than 65%.The principal item of submerged plant is one or more in hydrilla verticillata, hornwort, Herba potamogetonis distincti, poly-grass, waterweed, eel grass, water caltrop, bladderwort, the najas marina.
In the waters of having planted submerged plant, throw in a spot of activated sludge or fresh water nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium, to accelerate water body purification speed and to improve depuration quality.In the waters of having planted submerged plant, in the waters, unit, cause miniflow water, increase purifying water effect with oxygenating machine or pneumatics pump.
Present technique is by tens of kinds of biologies to animal kingdom, vegitabilia, Protista, Prokaryota, as algae, zooplankton, aquatic vascular plant, fish or the like, by the application project means, as enclose block, covering etc., ecology to the water body complexity, carry out artificial, autotelic, the compound regulation and control that shoot the arrow at the target, to reach the purpose of administering water body.This technical know-how and method have originality, are in domestic and international technological precedence status at present.Advantage is: less investment, and instant effect, effective, the time is long, view U.S., non-secondary pollution.
Required final condition is when enforcement is of the present invention: 1, break off industrial pollution; 2, non-serious black and odorous water; 3, non-serious black smelly, poisonous substrate; 4, non-poisonous water body; 5, non-be lower than throughout the year 5～6 the degree ℃ water bodys; 6 can hold a small amount of (day is less than 0.1%) life, rural sewage inflow.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of biology, engineering composite ecological control method of administering natural water body is characterized in that the method includes the steps of:
A, enclose and block the waters---with isolated material water body is surrounded some waters, unit;
B, leave nothing usable to the invading enemy---in the waters, unit that surrounds, remove, drive away predator fish with the mode of driveing;
C, algae removal---be covered with the water surface with overcover in the waters, unit after leaving nothing usable to the invading enemy, make the algae in the water body dead because of lacking photosynthesis; And reduce stormy waves and mix water body; Described overcover is to hang foster freshwater mussel or floatingleaved plant of planting in this waters and/or pleuston in this waters; Hanging the injected volume of supporting freshwater mussel is 800～1200kg/ mu waters;
Plantation or transplant submerged plant in the high waters, unit of d, the transparency behind algae removal.
2, the biology of improvement natural water body according to claim 1, engineering composite ecological control method is characterized in that: the isolated material among the step a is that soil or plastic knitting bagging add bamboo and wood; Perhaps soil or plastic knitting bagging add bamboo; Perhaps soil or plastic knitting bagging add wood; The waters, unit is 10000～1000000 meters
2
3, the biology of improvement natural water body according to claim 1, engineering composite ecological control method is characterized in that: the mode of driveing is for catching predator fish or will drive predator fish in the low tension water guide with fishnet; Described predator fish is grass carp, bream, crucian or carp.
4, the biology of improvement natural water body according to claim 1, engineering composite ecological control method is characterized in that: described floatingleaved plant is water chestnut or lotus; Pleuston is duckweed or Herba Eichhorniae or water peanut.
5, the biology of improvement natural water body according to claim 1, engineering composite ecological control method is characterized in that: in steps d, the fraction of coverage of submerged plant is greater than 65%.
6, the biology of improvement natural water body according to claim 1, engineering composite ecological control method, it is characterized in that: in steps d, the principal item of submerged plant is one or more in hydrilla verticillata, hornwort, Herba potamogetonis distincti, poly-grass, waterweed, water caltrop, bladderwort, the najas marina.
7, according to biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of claim 1 or 6 described improvement natural water bodies, it is characterized in that: in the waters of having planted submerged plant, throw in a spot of activated sludge or fresh water nitrobacteria, denitrifying bacterium, to accelerate water body purification speed and to improve depuration quality.
8, according to biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of claim 1 or 6 described improvement natural water bodies, it is characterized in that: in the waters of having planted submerged plant, in the waters, unit, cause miniflow water with oxygenating machine or pneumatics pump.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2007100201373A CN100554193C (en) | 2007-02-17 | 2007-02-17 | Administer biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of natural water body |
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| CNB2007100201373A CN100554193C (en) | 2007-02-17 | 2007-02-17 | Administer biology, the engineering composite ecological control method of natural water body |
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| CN101037275A CN101037275A (en) | 2007-09-19 |
| CN100554193C true CN100554193C (en) | 2009-10-28 |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101913708B (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2014-07-16 | 乔世琴 | Low-carbon energy-saving method for treating polluted water quality of lake or landscape lake |
| CN102320691B (en) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-06-18 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Method for restoring large water-body breeding-base aquatic vegetation |
| CN103015362B (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2015-02-18 | 华东师范大学 | Removing and ecological remediation method for harmful submerged plant in explosive growth |
| CN103936174B (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-06-24 | 中铁建生态环境设计研究有限公司 | Biological agent for preventing and treating mosses in water body and preparation method of biological agent |
| CN104386877A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-04 | 无锡伊佩克科技有限公司 | Low-carbon sewage treatment method |
| CN105060491A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州翠浔水生态科技有限公司 | Method for purifying water body by planting submerged plants with different root-shoot ratios together |
| CN105154361B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-09-18 | 湖北中扬生态农业有限公司 | The probiotics cultivated for medium and small reservoirs ecologic breeding bait planktonic organism |
| CN106745792A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉中科水生环境工程股份有限公司 | A kind of submerged plant restoration methods |
| CN108207926B (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2023-06-16 | 山东省水利科学研究院 | Device for preventing external biological invasion for south-to-north water transfer engineering |
| CN108849468B (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-06-15 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Ecological restoration method for submerged plants in urban lakes |
| CN110467272A (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-19 | 陈可 | A kind of enzyme+bacteria microorganism microbial inoculum river water body and in-situ sediment remediation technique |
| CN111436387A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-24 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Urban grass type lake steady-state maintaining method based on fish community biomass regulation |
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