CN102101724B - In-situ restoring method of eutrophic pond culture water - Google Patents

In-situ restoring method of eutrophic pond culture water Download PDF

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CN102101724B
CN102101724B CN201010616003XA CN201010616003A CN102101724B CN 102101724 B CN102101724 B CN 102101724B CN 201010616003X A CN201010616003X A CN 201010616003XA CN 201010616003 A CN201010616003 A CN 201010616003A CN 102101724 B CN102101724 B CN 102101724B
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waters
hornwort
pond culture
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culture water
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CN102101724A (en
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吴湘
叶金云
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Huzhou University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention discloses an in-situ restoring method of eutrophic pond culture water. The in-situ restoring method comprises the following steps: 1) plant pre-culture: straightening 3-4 stalks of ceratophyllum demersum into 1 clump, putting 1 clump of ceratophyllum demersum in Hoagland nutrient solution to carry out acclimation and cultivation for 8-10 days so that pre-cultured ceratophyllum demersum is obtained; 2) plant transplantation: transplanting and inserting the pre-cultured ceratophyllum demersum in substrate sludge of water area to be treated, wherein 2-10kg of pre-cultured ceratophyllum demersum is set in the water area to be treated/m<3>; 3) putting bioactivators in the water area to be treated, wherein 4-6g of bioactivators is put in the water area to be treated/m<3>; and 4) controlling the coverage rate of the ceratophyllum demersum not to exceed 60%-80%. By using the method, the biological in-situ restoration of the eutrophic pond culture water can be achieved.

Description

Original position is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of administering eutrophication pond culture water.
Background technology
Pond culture causes in the water body main nutrient matter such as nitrogen phosphorus superfluous owing to reasons such as the excessive interpolations of artificial diet; Become outstanding environment contradiction in the present freshwater aquiculture pattern thereby produce the body eutrophication phenomenon, be directly connected to pond culture economic benefit and near water area water-quality.The pond culture body eutrophication has destroyed the original balance of ecosystem of water body, causes the water ecosystem structure to be destroyed, and function is degenerated day by day; The algae overgrowing causes fish kill, and the water body blackout is smelly; The transparency of water body reduces greatly, influences the view and the water quality of water body.Because some toxic substances that produce in the fish nutritional quality that water quality deterioration causes decline and the eutrophication process all have damaging effect to fish and HUMAN HEALTH, influenced normal development economic and society simultaneously.Therefore, how effectively to control the pond culture water eutrophication, recover water quality and improve fish output and nutritional quality thereof, become the important directions of freshwater aquiculture ecological Studies nowadays.
Waterplant not only can be fish the habitat is provided in the pond culture water surrounding, and plays the buffered effect to culturing pollution load, finally plays the balanced support effect for the pond culture ecosystem.Botanical system mainly removes nutritive salt superfluous in the water body through plant absorbing and absorption, the mikrobe nitrification and denitrification, bed mud or the matrix that are attached to root system surface to the effects such as absorption of nutritive salt, thereby the waterplant root system can also be simultaneously reaches the purpose of raising water transparency for microorganism growth provides a large amount of suspended matter in suitable nutrient environment and the adsorbed water body.Through in cultivating pool or cultivating system, progressively recover waterplant especially submerged plant be a kind of simple, efficient, inexpensive and be prone to the method kept to repair the body eutrophication in the breeding environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides the method that a kind of original position is repaired eutrophication pond culture water, uses this method can realize the biological in-situ reparation to eutrophication pond culture water.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of original position to repair the method for eutrophication pond culture water, may further comprise the steps:
1), plant cultivates in advance: per 3~4 hornwort is made in order into 1 fluffy, puts into suddenly Gram nutritive medium acclimation shaking culture 8~10 days, cultivate the back hornwort in advance;
2), plant transplantation: hornwort after above-mentioned preparatory the cultivation is planted in the bed mud of being administered the waters every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort that 2~10kg is set by the improvement waters;
3), in by the improvement waters, throw in bio-stimulant, every cubic metre of quilt improvement waters input 4~6g bio-stimulant;
4), the fraction of coverage of control hornwort is no more than 60%~80%.When surpassing this fraction of coverage, hornwort is done harvesting wait removal to handle.
Repair the improvement of the method for eutrophication pond culture water as original position of the present invention: as the NH that is administered in the waters 4 +During-N concentration>=0.6mg/L, in said step 1) and step 2) between the pre-treatment that reduces the ammonia poison is set: to throw in the microbe quantity magnitude is the nitrobacteria of 2.5~4.5LogMPN/mL to being administered the waters.
Further improvements in methods as original position reparation eutrophication pond culture water of the present invention: when by the improvement waters being height eutrophication pond culture water, every cubic metre by hornwort after the preparatory cultivation of improvement waters plantation 6~10kg; When being moderate eutrophication pond culture water by the improvement waters, every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 4~6kg; When to be administered the waters be lightly eutrophicated pond culture water, administered hornwort after preparatory cultivations that waters plantation fresh weight is 2~4kg for every cubic metre.
In the present invention, every cubic metre by administer the waters corresponding be the volume of water in the pond, do not comprise the volume of bed mud in the pond.
Repair in the method for eutrophication pond culture water in original position of the present invention, the contriver is according to the test result analysis of some kinds of waterplant being removed the screening of nitrogen phosphorus effect, and hornwort is removed nitrogen phosphorus effect in eutrophication pond culture water better.Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum) belongs to perennial heavy pasture and water originally; The long 40-150 of stem centimetre, level and smooth, the tool branch.Leaf 4-12 is verticillate, 1-2 time two forked difference, and sliver is thread, or thread bar shaped, and long 1.5-2 centimetre, wide 0.1-0.5 millimeter, tip band white hyaloidin, there are several serrations at an edge only side.About 2 millimeters of flower diameter; Bract 9-12, bar shaped, long 1.5-2 millimeter, light green, transparent, tip has 3 teeth and band purple hair; Stamen 10-16 is little intensive; Ovary is avette, and style bores shape.The wide ellipse of nut, long 4-5 millimeter, wide about 2 millimeters, black, level and smooth, the edge is aptery, and 3 thorns are arranged, and thorn (style is deposited in the place) long 8-10 millimeter is given birth on the top, and tip tool hook, base portion 2 stab declivity and stretch, long 4-7 millimeter, tip is tapered into thorn-like.The florescence 6-7 month, the fruit phase 8-10 month.
In the present invention, highly, moderate, slight these three kinds of eutrophicated polluted waters in various degree, define according to " lake eutrophication evaluation method and grade scales " such as Wang Mingcui (" Chinese environmental monitoring " the 5th phase in 2002).
Design concept of the present invention is through in eutrophication pond culture water, planting planting submerged plant-hornwort, absorbing nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient superfluous in the eutrophication breeding wastewater in a large number through the dense cauline leaf of hornwort, and be stored in the plant materials; The growth overlay capacity of looking hornwort in time gathers in plant, thereby can from water body, take away nutritive salt such as a large amount of nitrogen phosphorus, purifies water; Hornwort both can secrete the algal control material simultaneously; Suppress algae reproduction, the hornwort of harvesting can carry out the pooling of resources processing, for example processes fish meal, pharmaceutical raw material etc.; Available element in the also recyclable plant stubble is realized the biological in-situ reparation of eutrophication pond culture water.Be specially: hornwort is prone to transplant, breeding is fast, growth is vigorous; Be the preferred plant material of a kind of enriched water pollution original position reparation and control techniques, it not only can directly absorb from water body and remove a large amount of nitrogen phosphorus nutrition things as submerged plant, can also from bed mud, obtain a large amount of nitrogen phosphorus nutritions; Sewage is carried out comprehensive in-situ treatment; Not other land occupation, its management and results operation are all very simple, and use cost is all more much lower than plant such as Chinese celery, Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and Canna generalis Bailey etc. that other need buoyancy aid to carry; And the light green succulence of hornwort; Also can be used as a kind of natural feed of fish, reduce the usage quantity of artificial diet, not only can reduce feed cost and can also avoid water pollution.Compared incomparable advantage with other waterplant.
In the present invention; Administered cooperation input bio-stimulant in the waters; Bio-stimulant mainly is made up of biological oxidant and nutritional complexing agent; Its mechanism of action is that the necessary nutrient of aerobic microbiological group digest and decompose organism, enzyme and bio-stimulant in the natural water effectively are provided; These preparations can promptly stimulate the indigenous microorganism in water body and the bed mud, make it produce a large amount of oxygen and accelerate decompsn pollutent, when bio-stimulant and waterplant especially submerged plant for example hornwort etc. unite and can reach better water correction effect at short notice when original position is repaired polluted-water.Research shows: because this technology has treatment effect preferably to water body, compare with other regulation method, do not need great amount of investment to purchase device and equipment; The dosage of preparation is little; Thereby corresponding processing cost is lower, and institute adds preparation and do not contain external mikrobe, does not have any extraneous risks.
In sum, the present invention can make hornwort and bio-stimulant performance synergy, thereby realizes better regulation effect.Bio-stimulant can obtain through commercial mode, for example can be available from Shanghai International Trading Company Ltd of huge section.
Compare with the repairing and treating method in traditional eutrophic lake, pond etc., original position of the present invention is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, between " environment-plant-animal-mankind ", sets up good circulating system; Possess non-secondary pollution, less investment, maintenance cost is low, quantities is suitable, ME requires advantages such as low; Being fit to large-scale promotion uses.
Embodiment
The method that embodiment 1, original position are repaired eutrophication pond culture water, carry out following steps successively:
1), plant is cultivated in advance: will pick up from open-air hornwort and clean and make in order; It is 1 fluffy that per 3~4 hornworts are made in order into; Every fluffy tender head is no less than 10, under room temperature (20~25 ℃), adopts the nutritive medium of the Gram suddenly acclimation shaking culture 8~10 days of international water planting standard; Get and cultivate the back hornwort in advance, hornwort can be used for the transplanting of following step after this was cultivated in advance.
2), detect the NH that is administered in the waters 4 +-N concentration is as the NH that is administered in the waters 4 +During-N concentration>=0.6mg/L, the pre-treatment that reduces the ammonia poison need be set, be specially: to throw in the microbe quantity magnitude is the nitrobacteria of 2.5~4.5LogMPN/mL to being administered the waters.
Nitrobacteria for example can be available from U.S. Bi Wofeng company.
3), plant transplantation: prepare the rod of finger thickness, rod length is looked the depth of water and is decided, and is advisable with the neat water surface; Hornwort after the 1 fluffy preparatory cultivation that tacks down with bungee apart from rod bottom 10 centimeters; Rod is inserted in the water until arriving the bed mud place, and rod is slowly packed up rod after going into 10 centimetres in mud, and light taking gently planted; Cultivate the back hornwort in advance and stayed in the middle of bed mud this moment, beginning to give birth to procreation.
Every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort that 2~10kg is set by the improvement waters.Be specially: when being administered the waters for height eutrophication pond culture water, every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 6~10kg; When being moderate eutrophication pond culture water by the improvement waters, every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 4~6kg; When being administered the waters and be lightly eutrophicated pond culture water, hornwort after every cube of preparatory cultivations of being administered waters plantation 2~4kg.
4), in by the improvement waters, throw in bio-stimulant, every cubic metre of quilt improvement waters input 4~6g bio-stimulant.
5), the fraction of coverage of control hornwort phase is 60%~80%, when surpassing this fraction of coverage, need in time cut off unnecessary hornwort, the hornwort that migrates out can carry out the pooling of resources processing at elswhere.
In order to prove that original position of the present invention repairs the actual regulation effect of the method for eutrophication pond culture water, the contriver has carried out following practical application instance.
Instance 1:
Test former water and take from Huzhou, Zhejiang one suburbs cage, prepare slight eutrophic pond culture sewage with this, bed mud is taken from the bottom of the pool, same fish pond.Handle total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH in the lightly eutrophicated pond culture sewage before beginning 4 +), nitric nitrogen (N0 3 -), nitrite nitrogen (N0 2 -) and the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) be respectively 1.5mg/L, 0.40mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 0.201mg/L, 0.49mg/L.The thickness setting of bed mud is 20cm.
Following experimental group and each control group all are set in floorage is the container of 1m*1m and carry out, and the height overall of sewage and bed mud is 1.2m in the container; All under 20~25 ℃ room temperature, experimentize.
Carry out WWT according to the method for original position reparation eutrophication pond culture water of the present invention and be called experimental group; Be specially: the pre-incubated time of step 1) plant is 9 days; Step 2) consumption of nitrobacteria is 0 in, is administered waters input 4g bio-stimulant for every cubic metre in the step 3); Every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 3kg in the step 4).
What do not do any processing is the blank group.
Control group 1: the cancellation step 3) use of bio-stimulant (consumption that is bio-stimulant is 0), every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 6kg in the step 4).
Control group 2: the consumption of step 3) bio-stimulant changes into: administered the waters for every cubic metre and throw in the 8g bio-stimulant; Cancellation step 4) cultivates the transplanting of back hornwort in advance.
After experiment was carried out 20 days, the water quality that experimental group, control group 1 and the water quality of control group 2 are compared the blank group all has improvement to a certain degree, and was specifically as shown in table 1:
Table 1 hornwort is to nitrogen (TN, NH in the slight eutrophy pond culture water 4 +, N0 3 -And N0 2 -) and the removal effect of phosphorus (TP)
Figure BDA0000042107700000051
Find out that from above table 1 treatment effect of experimental group obviously is superior to control group 1 and control group 2.
Annotate: after 20 days, the fraction of coverage of experimental group and control group 1 is all less than surpassing 60%.
Instance 2:
Test former water and take from Huzhou, Zhejiang one suburbs cage, prepare the eutrophic pond culture sewage of moderate with this, bed mud is taken from the bottom of the pool, same fish pond.Handle total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH in the preceding moderate eutrophy pond culture water of beginning 4 +), nitric nitrogen (N0 3 -), nitrite nitrogen (N0 2 -) and the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) be respectively 4.3mg/L, 0.54mg/L, 3.0mg/L, 0.751mg/L, 0.9mg/L.The thickness setting of bed mud is 20cm.
Following experimental group and each control group all are set in floorage is the container of 1m*1m and carry out, and the height overall of sewage and bed mud is 1.2m in the container; All under 25 ℃ room temperature, experimentize.
Carry out WWT according to the method for original position reparation eutrophication pond culture water of the present invention and be called experimental group; Be specially: the pre-incubated time of step 1) plant is 9 days; Step 2) consumption of nitrobacteria is 0 in, is administered waters input 5g bio-stimulant for every cubic metre in the step 3); Every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 5kg in the step 4).
What do not do any processing is the blank group.
Control group 1: the cancellation step 3) use of bio-stimulant (consumption that is bio-stimulant is 0), every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 10kg in the step 4).
Control group 2: the consumption of step 3) bio-stimulant changes into: administered the waters for every cubic metre and throw in the 10g bio-stimulant; Cancellation step 4) cultivates the transplanting of back hornwort in advance.
After experiment was carried out 20 days, the water quality that experimental group, control group 1 and the water quality of control group 2 are compared the blank group all has improvement to a certain degree, and was specifically as shown in table 2:
Table 2, hornwort are to nitrogen (TN, NH in the moderate eutrophy pond culture water 4 +, N0 3 -And N0 2 -) and the removal effect of phosphorus (TP).
Figure BDA0000042107700000061
Find out that from above table 2 treatment effect of experimental group obviously is superior to control group 1 and control group 2.
Annotate: after 20 days, the fraction of coverage of experimental group and control group 1 is all less than surpassing 70%.
Instance 3:
Test former water and take from fish pond, one suburbs, Huzhou, Zhejiang, prepare high eutrophic pond culture sewage with this, bed mud is taken from the bottom of the pool in same fish pond.Handle total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH in the preceding height of the beginning eutrophication pond culture water 4 +), nitric nitrogen (N0 3 -), nitrite nitrogen (N0 2 -) and the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) be respectively 18.0mg/L, 5.70mg/L, 11.0mg/L, 1.30mg/L, 1.46mg/L.The thickness setting of bed mud is 20cm.
Following experimental group and each control group all are set in floorage is the container of 1m*1m and carry out, and the height overall of sewage and bed mud is 1.2m in the container; All under 25 ℃ room temperature, experimentize.
Carry out WWT according to the method for original position reparation eutrophication pond culture water of the present invention and be called experimental group; Be specially: the pre-incubated time of step 1) plant is 9 days; Step 2) consumption of nitrobacteria is in: to administering waters input microbe quantity magnitude is the nitrobacteria of 3.5LogMPN/mL, and every cubic metre of quilt is administered the waters and thrown in the 6g bio-stimulant in the step 3); Every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 7kg in the step 4).
What do not do any processing is the blank group.
Control group 1: the cancellation step 3) use of bio-stimulant (consumption that is bio-stimulant is 0), every cube of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 14kg in the step 4).
Control group 2: the consumption of step 3) bio-stimulant changes into: administered the waters for every cubic metre and throw in the 12g bio-stimulant; Cancellation step 4) cultivates the transplanting of back hornwort in advance.
In whole experiment, control hornwort fraction of coverage is no more than 70%.
After experiment was carried out 20 days, the water quality that experimental group, control group 1 and the water quality of control group 2 are compared the blank group all has improvement to a certain degree, and was specifically as shown in table 3:
Table 3 hornwort is to nitrogen (TN, NH in the height eutrophy pond culture water 4 +, N0 3 -And N0 2 -) and the removal effect of phosphorus (TP)
Figure BDA0000042107700000071
Find out that from above table 3 treatment effect of experimental group obviously is superior to control group 1 and control group 2.
Instance 4, a natural eutrophication pond culture water (artificial cage, Huzhou Ba Lidian) is evenly divided into 2 independent experiment waters, thus the experiment of experimentize respectively group and control group.Two are enclosed the district and are mainly surrounded by PVC non-woven fabrics (waterproof); Its bottom parcel concrete column inserts bed mud; The square foam materials of top parcel diameter 10cm makes it to emerge; And the PVC non-woven fabrics can be floated by fluctuation of water table, and enclose the inside and outside water body in district to separate, avoid enclosing the inside and outside water body exchange in district.
Carry out WWT according to the method for original position reparation eutrophication pond culture water of the present invention and be called experimental group; Be specially: the pre-incubated time of step 1) plant is 9 days; Step 2) consumption of nitrobacteria is in: to administering waters input microbe quantity magnitude is the nitrobacteria of 3.5LogMPN/mL, and every cubic metre of quilt is administered the waters and thrown in the 6g bio-stimulant in the step 3); Every cube of amount of being administered the preparatory cultivation of waters plantation back hornwort is 6kg in the step 4), and is specifically as shown in table 4.
Control group: the cancellation step 3) use of bio-stimulant (consumption that is bio-stimulant is 0), every cube of amount of being administered the preparatory cultivation of waters plantation back hornwort is 10kg in the step 4), and is specifically as shown in table 5.
Table 4
Figure BDA0000042107700000091
Table 5,
Figure BDA0000042107700000092
At last, it is also to be noted that what more than enumerate only is several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. original position is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1), plant cultivates in advance: per 3~4 hornwort is made in order into 1 fluffy, puts into suddenly Gram nutritive medium acclimation shaking culture 8~10 days, cultivate the back hornwort in advance;
2), plant transplantation: hornwort after above-mentioned preparatory the cultivation is planted in the bed mud of being administered the waters every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort that 2~10kg is set by the improvement waters;
3), in by the improvement waters, throw in bio-stimulant, every cubic metre of quilt improvement waters input 4~6g bio-stimulant; Said bio-stimulant is available from Shanghai International Trading Company Ltd of huge section;
4), the fraction of coverage of control hornwort is no more than 60%~80%.
2. original position according to claim 1 is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, it is characterized in that: as the NH that is administered in the waters 4 +During-N concentration>=0.6mg/L, in said step 1) and step 2) between the pre-treatment that reduces the ammonia poison is set: to throw in the microbe quantity magnitude is the nitrobacteria of 2.5~4.5LogMPN/mL to being administered the waters.
3. original position according to claim 2 is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, it is characterized in that: the said waters of being administered is height eutrophication pond culture water, every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 6~10kg.
4. original position according to claim 2 is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, it is characterized in that: said is moderate eutrophication pond culture water by administering the waters, every cubic metre of preparatory cultivation back hornwort of being administered waters plantation 4~6kg.
5. original position according to claim 2 is repaired the method for eutrophication pond culture water, it is characterized in that: said is lightly eutrophicated pond culture water by administering the waters, is administered the preparatory cultivation back hornwort that waters plantation fresh weight is 2~4kg for every cubic metre.
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