CN100527460C - 金属化塑料模制品 - Google Patents

金属化塑料模制品 Download PDF

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CN100527460C
CN100527460C CNB2004100387129A CN200410038712A CN100527460C CN 100527460 C CN100527460 C CN 100527460C CN B2004100387129 A CNB2004100387129 A CN B2004100387129A CN 200410038712 A CN200410038712 A CN 200410038712A CN 100527460 C CN100527460 C CN 100527460C
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metal
electroluminescence
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CN1571594A (zh
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G·奥佩尔卡
E·福尔廷
G·茨奥瓦拉斯
R·金策尔
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Covestro Deutschland AG
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Bayer MaterialScience AG
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种层状制品，其结构包括透明热塑材料层、5-250nm厚的金属层及含有一种或多种电致发光化合物的电致发光层。该制品在透射光技术中有用。

Description

金属化塑料模制品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种塑料模制品，特别涉及一种被金属化的金属化制品。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种层状制品，其结构包括透明热塑材料层、5—250nm厚的金属层及含有一种或多种电致发光化合物的电致发光层。该制品在透射光技术中有用。
背景技术
例如，通过对热塑性材料，如丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯(ABS)、聚酰胺(PA)制造的模制品的化学电镀金属化，制造出具有金属光泽以及装饰层的塑料模制品。所用金属层厚度为几μm数量级，其意味着该金属层不透明且应用后不能塑形。由于缺乏透明性，因此这些模制品不能用于透射光技术。
塑料模制品也是已知的，其通过在高真空中汽相沉积金属层来制备，如使用物理汽相沉积(PVD)或化学汽相沉积(CVD)。虽然这些厚度为几纳米(nm)数量级的金属层使这些制品适于在需要透射光技术的应用中使用，但也只有借助于额外的光学器件，如发光二极管或白炽灯才能实现。还需要额外的结构空间以安装这些光学器件。此外，这些光学器件在操作中会产生大量的热。
另一方面，在热塑性材料，如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)的透光膜上带有电致发光层的塑料模制品也已被公开。这种情况下，将铟—锡氧化物(ITO)用作透明电极。虽然这些塑料膜显示出通过某区域的均匀发光而不产生热量，但由PET制得的膜并不适于在模内装饰(IMD)方法(该方法也称膜插入模塑(FIM))中作为装饰膜。这些模制品不具有带金属光泽的表面。
附图说明
图1表示本发明层状结构的一个实施方案。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是提供一种带表面发光的三维金属化的塑料模制品。该塑料模制品需能够成形并可在IMD(FIM)方法中使用，在该方法中其需要耐受熔融的热塑性树脂在其表面的使用(此处为回喷)。在亮度足够的情况下，如日光下，金属光泽效果应当很明显，而在黑暗中，电致发光化合物的发光效果应当会穿透金属层。
本发明提供一种金属化塑料模制品，其至少具有下面的层结构：
—至少一层透明热塑性材料
—至少一层厚度为5—250nm的金属
—至少一层含有一种或多种电致发光化合物的层。
厚度为5—250nm，优选15—60nm的金属层一方面提供带有金属光泽的塑料模制品，另一方面还是透明的。因此，可通过本发明的塑料模制品来使用透射光作用。此外，该金属层还作为电致发光层的电触点。
优选金属具有强导电性和良好的金属光泽。优选使用的金属为铬、钛、钼、铝、铜、金、铱和铟。
可使用，例如物理汽相沉积(PVD)或化学汽相沉积(CVD)或这些方法的结合将金属层应用于热塑性材料。
透明热塑性材料层的厚度优选为50—3000μm，优选175—750μm。塑料层任选经装饰和/或染色。
优选的热塑性材料包括聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、苯乙烯—丙烯腈(SAN)、丙烯腈—乙烯—丙二烯—苯乙烯(AES)、丙烯腈—苯乙烯—丙烯酸酯(ASA)、丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯(ABS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚酰胺(PA)，尤其是PA11、PA12、环烯烃共聚物(COC)、纤维素酯、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、热塑性弹性体(TPE)。
透明热塑性材料层可以染色和/或装饰。其可在使用金属层之前或之后成形，如通过高压成型或热成型。
在400—700nm的可见光波长区，金属层和热塑性材料层的结合物的光透射性大于20％(100％意味着全部的光均透射[无光损失])。
掺有银或铜的硫化锌可作为电致发光化合物使用。这些种类的电致发光化合物可在市场上购到，如产自瑞士的Lumitec AG。
将电致发光层，例如按照一定的图案，应用于金属化热塑性材料的至少一部分表面区域，例如通过丝网法。
金属层和一种或多种电致发光化合物的层(此处为电致发光层)优选各自具有一个电触点。
在优选实施方案中，将至少一个一种或多种导电塑料的附加层置于金属层和电致发光层之间。这个导电塑料层具有或增强金属层的电触点功能，并改善了成型特性。
导电塑料层厚度优选1—20μm。可在本发明塑料模制品的结构中使用的导电塑料例如为：聚—3，4—偏乙二氧基噻吩(PEDOT)，聚苯胺，导电漆系统。其特征为高光透射性，特别地达到70—95％，以及良好的导电性，优选比电阻小于104Ω·cm。
此外，还可在金属化层和电致发光层之间引入至少一层如聚碳酸酯和/或透明漆的透明塑料层，以保持金属层的充分光泽效果。
而且，任选还可将热塑性材料保护层和/或粘合剂和/或漆层用于电致发光层。热塑性材料层可回喷。保护层位于电致发光层远离金属层的表面上。
下面的热塑性材料优选用于保护层的回喷：未填充或具有增强物质和/或填料的热塑性材料，如聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯(ABS)、苯乙烯—丙烯腈(SAN)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)、聚酰胺(PA)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚烯烃，如聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、缺乏弹性体的混合物(elastomer-deficient blends)、热塑性PVC或这些热塑性材料的混合物。
基于聚氨酯(PUR)的无溶剂粘合剂，尤其是单组份PUR可用作粘合剂。漆为液体、糊状或粉末状涂料物质，其生成带有保护、装饰等性质的不透明涂层。
作为根据本发明的金属化塑料模制品的保护层，例如可使用基于耐高温塑料的漆系统，如PC，HT-PC，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)或聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)，或聚氨酯漆系统或
Figure C200410038712D0005133631QIETU
(一种有机溶剂中的合成塑料树脂溶液，产自德国)。
保护层保护金属层和电致发光层，使其免受机械和/或化学作用，并改善载体元件的粘合性质。
本发明的金属化塑料制品可安装在载体元件上。例如，载体元件可为如PUR的热塑性材料的模制品。例如，其可用于加固或安装目的，或作为结构元件。其还用于，例如注射成型法，或借助于粘合剂来使用。在这种情况下，保护层具有另一个功能：注塑时防止洗去塑料，这种洗去是大于180℃的相对高温和大于200bar的高压下产生的结果。
本发明的优点在于使金属化塑料模制品的金属光泽与表面发光结合起来。由于使用电致发光化合物带来了表面发光，其结果是可使复杂的立体几何结构均匀发光。电致发光层发光时没有热量产生。由于不必使用需要容纳空间的附加光学器件，因此可以制造非常纤小的金属化塑料模制品。此外，其优点还在于最终模制品可以塑型，例如将若干层彼此作用后，根据EP0371425使用高压成型。而且，本发明的金属化塑料模制品的层结构形成了一个隔离的、防水系统。
本发明的金属化塑料模制品可用于，例如机动车应用中。
以下参照附图详细解释本发明。
图1为本发明的金属化塑料模制品的优选层结构。热塑性材料膜1的一面具有透明薄金属层2。将一种或多种电致发光化合物的层3应用于金属层。金属层2及电致发光层3分别具有电触点6和6’。电致发光层3具有保护层4。如果未将电致发光层应用于整个区域，而只是以某种图案应用于部分区域，如图1所示，那么在不具有电致发光层3的金属层区域，用保护层4覆盖金属层2。除了保护电致发光层3，保护层4还弥补了塑料模制品在厚度上的不同。最后，将该层状构造的金属化塑料模制品安装在载体元件5上。
实施例
实施例1
使用等离子载体整体涂覆(plasma-supported volume coating)，在厚度为250μm的透明PC膜(
Figure C200410038712D00061
Bayer AG，德国)上提供一个50nm厚的铬层，再以产自Lumitec AG(瑞士)的电致发光化合物层(EL层)进行部分覆盖。经过触点接头制得电触点，以导电粘合剂将该接头一头粘接在铬层上，另一头粘接在EL层上。
实施例2
使用等离子载体整体涂覆，在厚度为250μm的透明PC膜(
Figure C200410038712D00062
BayerAG，德国)上提供一个50nm厚的铬层。将50μm厚的透明PC膜应用于该铬层。将EL层应用于部分PC膜。以该方法制备的金属化塑料模制品可以成形、印花和回喷。直接以EL层制得电触点。为了电触点目的，在用热塑性材料回喷金属化模制品的过程中，借助于注塑中的脱模销在塑料层中引入凹槽。在胶合变换器上弹簧用来在变换器和塑料模制品之间制得好的电触点。变换器将电压由9V(直流)变至110V(交流)，该电压用于EL层以产生发光。弹簧是变换器至EL电极的导电触点。
虽然本发明为了说明的目的在前面进行了详细描述，但应当理解这种详述仅仅是为了上述目的，并且对于本领域熟练技术人员，在不偏离权利要求所限定的本发明主旨和范围的情况下可以进行变换。

Claims (7)

1、一种层状制品，其结构包括：
—透明热塑性材料层，
—厚度为5—250nm的金属层，和
—含有一种或多种电致发光化合物的电致发光层，
其中所述制品能够成形并回喷有热塑性材料层，和
其中所述制品还包括至少一个位于金属层和电致发光层之间的含有至少一种导电塑料的层。
2、权利要求1的制品，其中金属层厚度为15—60nm。
3、权利要求1的制品，其中金属层含有至少一种选自铬、钛、钼、铝、铜、金、铟和铱的金属。
4、权利要求1的制品，其中透明热塑性材料厚度为50—3000μm。
5、权利要求1的制品，其中金属层和电致发光层各自包括至少一个电触点。
6、权利要求1的制品，还包括至少一个选自应用于电致发光层的保护层、粘合剂和漆的层。
7、权利要求1的制品，还包括至少一个位于金属层和电致发光层之间的选自透明塑料层和透明漆层的层。
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