CN100524413C - 修复低欧姆缺陷的方法、装置和具有修复低欧姆缺陷装置的显示器 - Google Patents

修复低欧姆缺陷的方法、装置和具有修复低欧姆缺陷装置的显示器 Download PDF

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CN100524413C
CN100524413C CNB028254325A CN02825432A CN100524413C CN 100524413 C CN100524413 C CN 100524413C CN B028254325 A CNB028254325 A CN B028254325A CN 02825432 A CN02825432 A CN 02825432A CN 100524413 C CN100524413 C CN 100524413C
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display
electric current
defective
driver
equipment
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CN1636145A (zh
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G·格雷伊
M·H·克赖恩
P·范德维杰
B·J·C·贾科布斯
J·格特斯
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Abstract

一种在平板显示器中修复低欧姆缺陷的方法，其特征在于：在一个预定的时间周期让一个额外的电流流过平板显示器的受到影响的子区，选择所说的电流，使其能够将至少一个缺陷或者至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分变为高阻状态，高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻。

Description

修复低欧姆缺陷的方法、装置和具有修复低欧姆缺陷装置的显示器
技术领域
本发明涉及修复平板显示器中低欧姆缺陷的方法。
背景技术
“低欧姆缺陷”意味着由这种缺陷引起的漏电流影响了显示器的人眼视觉性能。
平板显示器是结构层的叠层结构，包括至少一个透明电极层、一个发光的或吸光的或极化的层、或者任何其它种类的光调制层和对电极层。构成的一个或所有的电极层和光调制层都可逐个地寻址显示器的子区，这通常通过切换子区的驱动来实现。在矩阵型显示器中，这种子区即是单个的像素，而在分段式显示器中，每一个段确定一个子区。
基于发光聚合物的自发射无源分段式或矩阵型显示器几年之前逐渐进入市场。这样的显示器利用了电致发光现象，电致发光现象来源于例如包括发光化合物的有机物质。这个有机层夹持在与有机层接触的两个电极之间。通过施加适当的电压，负极即阴极将注入电子，正极即阳极将注入空穴。这些电子和空穴的复合将产生光。当沿相反的方向(反向)偏置的时候，将减小电流流动到剩余漏电流的水平，这样将产生类似二极管的电流-电压特性曲线。这种类型的显示器也称之为(聚合物)发光二极管(LED)显示器。发光有机层的淀积或者通过非真空湿化学过程(如旋涂或印刷)或者通过真空淀积技术(蒸发或化学蒸汽淀积)来实现。与真空淀积过程相比，非真空过程利用了高分子量的有机材料。为了区分两种类型显示器，非真空变型通常称之为聚合物发光二极管显示器(PLED)而真空变型通常称之为有机发光二极管(OLED)型显示器。
在无源矩阵驱动方案中，一个电极层连接到阴极(例如行)驱动器，第二个电极层连接到阳极(例如列)驱动器。利用指定的帧速率来更新显示信息。通过以指定的多路复用速率(multiplex rate)(通常等于显示器的阳极或者阴极的数目)进行或者阳极或者阴极的时分多路复用切换，可以在最大的时间间隔1/[(多路复用速率)×(帧速率)]寻址每个阳极或阴极，这个时间间隔通常称之为行时间。在有源矩阵驱动方案中，靠近每个显示子区放置由可寻址的半导体开关构成的结构。切换位置的更新是以指定的帧速率进行的。不需要驱动阳极或阴极线的时分多路复用。这样，可利用的行时间变为小于或等于1/[帧速率]。显示信息的更新是通过编程每个显示子区的数据和地址线来实现的。
所有的显示器都面临一个共同的严重的寿命问题，这个问题是通过光调制层的漏电流的突然或逐渐增加产生的。这种绝缘电阻失效是由缺陷或者结构不均匀性引起的，例如：在基板上粘结有颗粒、在显示器加工期间的颗粒污染、或者来源于包装过程或包装材料的颗粒。结构的不均匀性例如是针孔或层中的异常析出。筛选或老化过程不能保证在寿命期间不激活这些缺陷。
具有良好显示性能的可靠显示器必须具有小的漏电流。所说的小，意味着亮度和对比度不受流过局部缺陷的寄生电流的影响。例如，漏电流增加的发光无源驱动显示器的子区将发射较少的光或者甚至于完全不发光。进而，在短路的阳极或阴极中可能会发出额外的光。由于显示器的其它部分有过大的应力，所以损伤可能会在显示单元的有源部分(active part)中传播。最后，由于驱动器电路承受过大的负载并且电路和显示器之间是相互连接的，所以存在完全失效的危险。
缺陷可能永远不会排除。因此，显示器的寿命可能会下降到发光层本来寿命之下。为了避免出现这种情况，已知的办法是钝化局部缺陷，为此，或者在显示器的腔体内使用特殊的气体填充物，或者例如在阴极层的上部施加额外的层。采取其它措施的目的是在最终的产品的出厂检查中的一个改进的选择程序，如在WO 01/22504中所公开的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种利用叠层的内在的自修复性质在平板显示器中修复低欧姆缺陷的方法。
为了实现这个目的，在一个预定的时间周期让一个额外的电流流过平板显示器的受到影响的子区，选择所说的电流，使其能够将至少一个缺陷或者至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分变为高阻状态，高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻。
“额外的电流”意味着它是不同于正常操作的电流。具体来说，额外的电流可以是一个反向电流。
具体来说，“高欧姆”意味着漏电流可以忽略不计，修复的缺陷不再影响显示器的人眼视觉性能。对于有机物的或聚合物的发光二极管显示器，高阻状态的特征在于：关系I(-V)<<I(+V)对用于显示器驱动的所有相关电压都是成立的，其中+V代表光发射时的电压极性。
对于有机物的或聚合物的发光二极管显示器，本发明的依据是，通过将显示器或部分显示器按照坏像素或区段的相反方向曝露到确定的电应力下，来熔融缺陷。这个电流必须保持在某些边界内以避免显示器的毁坏。当缺陷熔融时，通过这个过大的电应力将缺陷切换回到高阻状态。
在一个优选实施例中，所说的电流从起始值逐渐增加到最大值。
在一个优选实施例中，所说的预定时间周期是所说显示器的行时间或帧时间的一个函数。
优选地，所说的预定时间周期可以是所说显示器的行时间的一个分数或者是完整的行时间或帧时间。
优选地，通过短路阳极或阴极使显示器有效的电极电阻降低，从而通过连接的驱动器电路产生所说额外的电流。
本发明提供了一种在选定的时间应用上述任何一个所述的方法改进有源的或者无源的驱动显示器的寿命的方法。优选地，在应用上述任何一个方法之前测量显示器或显示器的一部分的漏电流。
所说的显示器最好是有机物的或聚合物的发光二极管显示器，但是可以使用任何其它类型的平板显示器。这包括电致发光显示器、液晶显示器、和任何其它平板显示器。
在无源驱动显示器中，通过用附加的阳极或阴极驱动器连接一个或几个阳极或阴极线到地或电源电压从而使电位差或流过受到影响的子区的电流最大，可以产生修复电流。在有源驱动显示器中，电源电压线或者切换到相反的极性或者切换到地，借助于开关切换所说的电源电压线。用于驱动像素的半导体开关必须设计成双向开关。
对于有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器，修复电流最好流入二极管的反方向。
修复电流的调节方法可以是：改变模拟电源电压的大小和极性、并行切换或短接阳极或阴极、适配模拟驱动电路的输出阻抗。这就允许在所说至少一个缺陷的电阻和模拟驱动电路的有效输出电阻之间进行阻抗匹配，最大化缺陷位置的功率消耗或者对这个功率消耗进行调节，有效地修复了单个缺陷或几个缺陷。
按照本发明的方法最好应用到对于显示器的每个阳极线和阴极线都有可编程驱动器的无源驱动显示器上，或者应用到具有可编程地址和数据线的有源驱动显示器上。
在平板显示器中修复低欧姆缺陷的设备的特征在于：用于提供由控制装选择的额外的电流以转变至少一个缺陷或至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分成为高阻状态的装置，所说高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻，以及用于在预定时间周期传送所说的额外的电流通过平板显示器的受到影响的子区的装置。所说的预定时间周期还可以由所说的控制装置设定。
优选地，所说的设备包括用于通过并行切换或短接阳极或阴极来降低显示器的有效电极电阻的装置。
如果提供用于显示器的每行或每个阴极和每列或每个阳极的驱动器，该设备可以包括用于连接一个或几个所说列驱动器或阳极驱动器或者所说行驱动器或阴极驱动器到地或者电源电压的装置。
在有源驱动矩阵显示器的应用中，可以提供用于改变模拟电源电压线的电位或者改变模拟电源电压线和地电压线两者的电位的装置。
还有，该设备可以包括用于适配至少一个所说驱动器的输出阻抗或者模拟电源或电压的输出阻抗的装置。
附图说明
下面，参照附图进一步说明本发明的这些方面以及其它方面，其中：
图1表示包括发光二极管的无源驱动矩阵显示器的等效电路，其中包括阳极驱动器和阴极驱动器，像素连接到阳极a2，阴极c2受到电阻Rd的缺陷的影响；
图2表示类似图1的等效电路，其中将一个开关加到阳极驱动器的输出端；
图3表示类似图1的等效电路，其中使用不同的阴极驱动器方案；
图4表示类似图1的等效电路，其中包括检测显示器内缺陷的检测电子装置；
图5表示类似图1的等效电路，用于受控缺陷的修复；
图6表示包括发光二极管的有源驱动矩阵显示器的等效电路，其中包括数据线和地址线；
图7表示类似图6的等效电路，其中电源电压的极性和地线已经交换。
具体实施方式
参照有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器举例说明本发明。
图1表示设有发光二极管的矩阵显示器的一部分的等效电路，其中包括阳极驱动器和阴极驱动器。阳极驱动器通常设计成一个恒流源，具有依赖电流的输出特性曲线Ra(I)。Rco1是这个单元的内阻，将这个缺陷连接到阳极驱动器。缺陷的本身的特征在于是一个电阻Rd。在这个实施例中，选择阴极c1，不选择阴极c2和c3。相应的阴极驱动器输出特性由电阻Rc，se1和Rc，dc来确定。
假定按照共用阴极的方式进行多路复用驱动，则利用阴极驱动器提供所需的修复能量的下述方法是可能的：
1.在最短的时钟周期tmin，迫使阳极电位到地。所需的时间可取为显示器的有效行时间的一部分，如果必要，可以在一个完整的行时间迫使阳极为地电位。为了耦合到地，可以使用取决于电流的阳极输出特性曲线，因此，如果Ia＝0，则Ra(I)＝0。
图2中提供耦合到地的另一种方法，其中开关S并联连接到阳极驱动器，以便在开关S闭合时短路它。
2.多于一个阴极切换到地。除了一个阴极切换到地之外，两个阴极可切换到地，甚至于所有的阴极可切换到地。这样作的好处是，修复电流被接地的阴极驱动器吸收(sink)。这种驱动方式在下面将称之为“反向多路复用”驱动方式。在图3中表示出这个方案，其中选择了两个相邻的阴极c3和c1。
3.利用指定的驱动器输出阻抗，借助于阻抗匹配使缺陷Rd中消耗的功率最大，即，Rd等于电环境的总输出阻抗。如果使用反向多路复用来熔融缺陷，则这个条件要求：Rc，dc必须近似等于Rd。为了覆盖最大可能的缺陷范围，可以使用极低欧姆的阴极驱动器输出。在这个阴极驱动器中实施的电阻值Rc，dc和Rc，se1必须与这个单元的最大可接受的修复功率以及短路的频度相关。否则，如果修复是基于缺陷周围阴极层的蒸发，就会有在显示器中产生黑点的危险。
组合措施1-3就可以修复发光二极管显示器中的缺陷。
应用按照本发明的方法改进无源驱动或有源驱动显示器的寿命的方法可以使用3种不同的策略。
按第一种策略，称之为“缺陷的被迫修复”，在预定的时间或者在某个时间间隔内按规则地采取上述措施1-3之一。预定时间可以是显示器加电的时间，不算备用方式或类似方式。合适的时间间隔可以是每n帧的周期，这里n是整数。修复方法必须应用到整个显示器，因为在这种情况下缺陷的位置是不知道的。
图4表示的是第二种策略，称之为“检测的缺陷修复”，其中使用检测电子装置来检测显示器内的缺陷，在这个实施例中通过监视所排除(deselected)的阴极驱动器的电阻器两端的电压降实现的。如果这个电压超过一个指定的限值，则借助于检测电路的输出线激励修复循环。这就是说，阴极驱动器必须扩充，再加一个缺陷检测电路。附加的或可替换的检测电路可以应用到阳极驱动器或者应用到阴极驱动器的选择电阻器上。后一种情况要求：在检测期间迫使阳极电位为0。检测缺陷排除好处是修复循环只在需要时才应用，并且修复循环可只限于显示器的受到影响的部分，例如，限于漏电流增加的单根线。
如果应用检测的缺陷修复，符合实际的作法是：根据缺陷电阻的大小来改变阴极驱动器的输出特性。如果缺陷修复不成功，可以改变输出电阻，例如通过使用阴极驱动器的输出线中的可调电阻器来实现，如图5所示。因此，这种策略称之为“受控的缺陷修复”。
已经利用显示驱动器概念并根据行方向的多路复用说明了这些实施例，所说的行方向通常即指的是阴极方向。然而，所建议的措施还适用于在列方向的多路复用，所说的列方向通常即指的是阳极方向。
本发明利用恒流源以及阴极和/或阳极驱动器的吸收(sink)能力来得到提供给缺陷的修复能量，从而可以以最佳数量的能量来修复缺陷。
在有源驱动电路中，可以按模拟方式应用这些修复方法。图6表示的是有源矩阵显示器的单个像素的等效电路。如果这个像素由数据和地址线寻址，则有机物或聚合物发光二极管的光生电流由电源电压线提电，在一定的时间内电流流过导通的半导体开关。存储电容器保持开关电容器门的电位，直到编程下一帧时为止。
为了借助于反向电流流动来修复缺陷，模拟电源电压线相对于地的电位可以从正改变为负，或者在修复循环期间可以交换地和模拟电源电压，如图7所示。
在像素亮度编程为0的时间间隔，通过监视电源电压或地线上的电流的大小可以在有源驱动矩阵显示器中检测缺陷。
通过改变模拟电源电压的输出阻抗，或者通过在修复循环期间调节模拟电源电压的幅度，可以实现受控的缺陷修复。
作为一种替换，通过适当调节在数据线和地址线上的电压，可以调节用于驱动像素的半导体开关(或者多个半导体开关)的导通电阻(开关在导通状态的电阻)。

Claims (20)

1.一种在有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器中修复低欧姆缺陷的方法，其特征在于：在一个预定的时间周期让一个额外的电流流过有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器的受到影响的子区，所说额外的电流不同于正常操作的电流，选择所说额外的电流以将至少一个缺陷或者至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分变为高阻状态，高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻。
2.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：所说额外的电流从起始值逐渐增加到最大值。
3.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：所说的预定时间周期是所说显示器的行时间或帧时间的一个函数。
4.权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：通过短路阳极或阴极使显示器有效的电极电阻降低，从而通过连接的驱动器电路产生所说额外的电流。
5.权利要求1-4中任何一个所述的方法，对于显示器的每一行或阴极以及对于每一列或阳极都有一个驱动器，其特征在于：通过连接一个或几个列驱动器或阳极驱动器或者通过连接一个或几个行驱动器或阴极驱动器到地或者到电源电压来产生所说额外的电流，从而使所说受到影响的子区两端的电位差或者通过受到影响的子区的电流最大。
6.权利要求1-4中任何一个所述的方法，所说的方法应用到有源驱动矩阵显示器，所述方法由如下步骤实现：改变模拟电源电压线的电位、或者改变模拟电源电压线和地电压线这两者的电位、或者通过适当调节数据线和地址线的电压来调节用来驱动像素的半导体开关的导通电阻。
7.权利要求5的方法，其特征在于：改变至少一个所说驱动器的输出阻抗或者改变模拟电源电压的输出阻抗。
8.权利要求6的方法，其特征在于：改变至少一个所说驱动器的输出阻抗或者改变模拟电源电压的输出阻抗。
9.一种在选定的时间应用权利要求1-4中任何一个所述的方法改进有源的或者无源的驱动显示器的寿命的方法。
10.权利要求9的方法，其特征在于：在应用权利要求1-4中任何一个方法之前测量显示器或显示器的一部分的漏电流。
11.一种在有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器中修复低欧姆缺陷的设备，其特征在于：用于提供额外的电流以将至少一个缺陷或者至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分变为高阻状态的装置，所述额外的电流不同于正常操作的电流，所说的高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻；控制装置，由控制装置选择所述提供额外的电流的装置；用于在一个预定的时间周期让所述额外的电流流过有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器的受到影响的子区的装置。
12.权利要求11的设备，其特征在于：所说控制装置设定所说的预定时间周期。
13.权利要求11的设备，其特征在于：所述设备还包括用于通过短路阳极或阴极来降低显示器的有效的电极电阻的装置。
14.权利要求11的设备，用于显示器的每一行或阴极以及每一列或阳极的驱动器上，其特征在于：所述设备还包括将一个或几个所说的阳极驱动器连接到地或者连接到电源电压的装置。
15.权利要求14的设备，其特征在于：所说阳极驱动器为列驱动器。
16.权利要求11的设备，用于显示器的每一行或阴极以及每一列或阳极的驱动器上，其特征在于：所述设备还包括将一个或几个所说的阴极驱动器连接到地或者连接到电源电压的装置。
17.权利要求16的设备，其特征在于：所说阴极驱动器为行驱动器。
18.权利要求11的设备，其特征在于：所述设备还包括在有源驱动矩阵显示器中用于改变模拟电源电压线的电位、或者改变模拟电源电压线和地电压线这两者的电位的装置。
19.权利要求11的设备，其特征在于：所述设备还包括用于改变至少一个所说驱动器的输出阻抗或者模拟电源电压的输出阻抗的装置。
20.一种具有用于修复低欧姆缺陷的设备的显示器，其特征在于：所述设备还包括：用于提供额外的电流以将至少一个缺陷或者至少一个缺陷的特定周围部分变为高阻状态的装置，所述额外的电流不同于正常操作的电流，所说的高阻状态的电阻大于所说至少一个缺陷的初始电阻；以及控制装置，由控制装置选择所述用于提供额外的电流的装置；用于在一个预定的时间周期让所述额外的电流流过有机物或聚合物发光二极管显示器的受到影响的子区的装置。
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EP1461631A1 (en) 2004-09-29
WO2003052446A9 (en) 2005-07-14
AU2002366456A1 (en) 2003-06-30
EP1461631B1 (en) 2007-06-06
TW200411195A (en) 2004-07-01
DE60220543D1 (de) 2007-07-19
CN1636145A (zh) 2005-07-06
ATE364217T1 (de) 2007-06-15
JP2005533269A (ja) 2005-11-04
AU2002366456A8 (en) 2003-06-30

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