CN100509385C - 用于复合叠层板z方向加固的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于复合叠层板z方向加固的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN100509385C
CN100509385C CNB2003801018445A CN200380101844A CN100509385C CN 100509385 C CN100509385 C CN 100509385C CN B2003801018445 A CNB2003801018445 A CN B2003801018445A CN 200380101844 A CN200380101844 A CN 200380101844A CN 100509385 C CN100509385 C CN 100509385C
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discrete fibers
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J·唐·赫思科克
J·斯科特·德雷南
肯·D·科明斯基
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Bell Helicopter Textron Inc
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Abstract

公开一种用于复合叠层板Z方向加固的方法和设备。通过其上具有钩(29)的针(27)沿Z方向拖拉分立纤维(25)从而从其中具有分立纤维(25)的分立纤维垫(23)向纤维复合坯件(11)中插入Z方向加固(31)。

Description

用于复合叠层板Z方向加固的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及复合叠层板的加固和复合叠层板胶接接头的加固。特别地,本发明涉及叠层纤维坯件和叠层纤维坯件胶接接头的加固。
背景技术
纤维复合叠层板通过一层压一层地建立多层复合纤维形成。每层纤维沿特定方向取向,从而为叠层板提供特定的性质。在典型的叠层板中,某些纤维平行于纵轴延伸,其它横跨纵轴延伸,再其它的以相对于纵轴的各种角度“在轴外”延伸。通过按特定的构造放置和取向纤维层,可以预定叠层板的刚度和其它性质。“坯件”是一种干燥的纤维复合叠层板。这些坯件经常是“有粘性的”,即利用将纤维粘结在一起的材料处理过,使得坯件可以更易处理、成形、加工和放置,直到向坯件中引入树脂。
复合纤维在材料平面内为叠层板提供强度,但垂直于该平面(Z方向)的材料仅是树脂。由此,层间分层是纤维复合叠层板中不合格的一种普遍形式。沿Z方向的纤维复合叠层板加固是防止分层传播的一种方式。然而,Z方向加固经常对叠层板的基本结构产生调整、替换和中断,且通常会使叠层板弱化和软化。叠层板的这种强度降低通常称作“拆卸”。有几种提供Z方向加固的方法,包括Z-销连(Z-pinning)、缝合(stitching)、3维交织(3-dimensional weaving)、以及针刺(needling)。
Z-销连是压迫刚性销通过作为预先注入树脂的叠层板的预浸叠层板的工艺。刚性销插入泡沫的薄片中。随后将泡沫放置在预浸料顶上。接着,压迫销钉通过预浸料中的复合纤维。通常使用超声喇叭(ultrasonic horn)来振动销钉通过预浸料。
Z销连存在几个问题。加工预浸材料需要特定的昂贵且费力的存储和处理。其次,插入过程折断了某些复合纤维。折断的纤维减小了基础叠层板的完整性。第三,因为预浸料利用树脂部分地固化,因此在纤维之间有较小的空间来容纳销钉。这导致了纤维不期望的形变。
在缝合中,纤维坯件的各个层机械地缝制在一起。针从一侧穿透坯件,缝合线通过如同存在于坯件另一侧上的类似缝合材料挂住。在某些情况下,将任意的截断纤维垫用作缝合坯件叠层板内的层。截断纤维未由针通过坯件的各层拉回。
缝合法存在几个缺点。在缝合中,干燥的复合纤维必须张紧固定在较大机器中的滚筒上。缝合法需要在坯件两侧都有机器部件。另外,对于缝合法,缝合材料紧紧地织在复合纤维的周围,使得没有办法利用Z方向粘合层加固在一个叠层上增加另一层。
在3维交织中,通过沿Z方向的交织加固纤维为沿X和方向的纤维提供Z方向加固。尽管此方法沿三个方向提供直纤维,其非常难以向交织中引入45°纤维,以及其它偏离轴向的纤维。另外,在3维交织,如同在缝合法中一样,缝合材料紧紧地织在复合纤维的周围,使得没有办法利用Z方向粘合层加固在一个叠层上增加另一层。
在针刺法中,沿X和Y方向延伸的坯件叠层板的纤维通过钩针截为小段。这使得截断纤维缠结成团,包括沿Z方向。与纤维切断相关的缺点是显而易见的。尽管纤维切断确实产生Z方向的纤维,但沿X和Y方向的纤维被切断,坯件沿X和Y方向的任何预定性质明显损耗。
发明内容
尽管上述方法在纤维复合叠层板的Z方向加固领域表现出极大的进步,但仍留有明显的缺陷。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种方法和设备,用于沿Z方向加固纤维复合叠层板和纤维复合叠层板胶接接头。
此目的通过提供一种方法和设备来实现,其中分立纤维通过钩针沿Z方向拖拉通过纤维复合坯件。
此目的还通过提供一种方法和设备来实现,其中分立纤维通过钩针沿Z方向拖拉通过多个纤维复合坯件之间的结合界面。
此目的还通过以下方法来实现,其中向坯件增加可去除层,插入纤维通过坯件和可去除层,以及在纤维插入后去除可去除层,由此保留从坯件向外突出的Z方向环套。
本发明提供了明显的优点,包括:(1)以叠层板最小的破坏增加Z方向加固;(2)需要较小的力插入针;(3)因为分立纤维为柔性且可变形的,纤维破坏最小;(4)产生的3维结构为柔顺性的,由此最小化了Z纤维界面与基本叠层板的应变峰值;(5)该工艺可以在复合坯件上进行,由此消除对预浸材料的特定存储、处理、以及加工的需求;(6)该工艺可以在复合坯件上进行,由此减少了在固化期间固化材料积累的倾向;(7)该工艺改善和简化了多个坯件的连接;(8)独立的坯件可以在单次树脂转移成型工艺中结合在一起;(9)可以在固化后跨过暴露的Z纤维环套界面将两个或更多个单独的坯件粘结在一起;(10)该工艺便于为胶接接头提供冗余和故障安全负荷途径;(11)该工艺防止粘结线剥落;(12)该工艺增加了胶接接头强度;(13)该工艺通过阻止分层生长提供了改善的冲击响应;(14)该工艺为加固厚复合材料和厚度变化的复合材料提供手段;(15)该工艺减小了叠层板转变中对于裁剪、嵌接和交错的需要;(16)该工艺允许零件与多个坯件垫在复杂的轮廓形状下的简单全厚度交叠;(17)折断纤维的插入深度可以变化;(18)可以实现选定的环套图案;(19)可以利用简单的工具调整改变Z方向纤维体积;(20)Z方向环套可以用于从坯件一侧向另一侧转移热量;(21)需要的针与纺织工业中所用的类似;(22)该工艺明显减小了粘结复合结构的成本;(23)该工艺减小了对于沉重、昂贵、特定固定装置的需要;以及(24)该工艺包括改善现有技术Z方向加固方法的实施例,其中暴露的Z方向环套通过插入材料形成。
将可理解,本发明还显示出在适用预浸复合叠层板时允许提供上面列示的明显优点。
下面所写的介绍将使其它的目的、特征和优点变得明显易懂。
附图说明
本发明的被认为是新颖特征的特性在所附权利要求中示出。然而,通过结合附图阅读以下详细介绍,将使本发明本身和其优选模式、以及本发明其它目的和优点得到最佳理解,附图中:
图1为根据本发明用于复合叠层板Z方向加固的方法和设备的示意图;
图2A为根据本发明的钩针的局部透视图;
图2B为图2A的钩针沿A-A截取的截面图;
图3为用于执行本发明的简化工具的一个实施例的透视图;
图4A为图3的工具的基板的顶视图;
图4B为图4的基板的左侧视图;
图5A为图3的工具的纤维保留板的顶视图;
图5B为图5A的纤维保留板的左侧视图;
图6A为图3的工具的顶板的顶视图;
图6B为图6A的顶板沿B-B截取的截面图;
图6C为图6A的顶板的左侧视图;
图6D为图6A的顶板沿C-C截取的截面图;
图7A为图3的工具的可选导轨的顶视图;
图7B为图7A的可选导轨的正视图;
图7C为图7A的可选导轨的左侧视图;
图8A为图3的工具的针排的顶视图;
图8B为图8A的针排的正视图;
图9A为图3的工具的联接部件的顶视图;
图9B为图9A的联接部件的正视图;
图9C为图9A的联接部件的左侧视图;
图10A为本发明的纤维插入工艺后坯件的顶视图;
图10B为本发明的纤维插入工艺后坯件和弹性材料的底部视图;
图11A至11C为在本发明的纤维插入工艺后图10A和10B的坯件的特写视图;
图12A为根据本发明的Z方向加固的坯件经历真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺的视图;
图12B至12D为根据本发明的固化的Z方向加固的坯件在经历真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺后的视图;
图13为示出两坯件浸制在一起从而形成根据本发明的共固化加固连接的示意图;
图14A至14C为示出根据本发明两个复合部件分别固化接着粘结在一起的示意图;
图15为示出根据本发明如何可以利用Z方向纤维加固两个或更多个结合干燥坯件的示意图;以及
图16A和16B为特别适合根据本发明的Z方向加固复合坯件的应用。
具体实施方式
本发明通过增加全厚度Z方向纤维改善了纤维复合叠层板坯件的层间性能。这些Z方向纤维使用称作“纤维插入”的工艺引入干燥的坯件中,其中直钩针沿Z方向插入坯件中。分立纤维垫设置在坯件上。随着针通过分立纤维垫,钩子挂住并由一些分立纤维填充。随着针受力通过坯件各层,分立纤维由钩子拖拉通过坯件。随着针通过坯件缩回,分立纤维由钩子放开并保留在坯件中作为Z方向加固纤维。
参照图1中的视图,示出了根据本发明用于加固复合叠层板的方法和设备的示意图。纤维复合叠层板坯件11包括多层复合纤维13、15和17。如本领域所熟知,层13、15和17可以相对于坯件11的纵轴19以不同的方向取向。层13、15和17的每一个由多根单独排列的复合纤维构成,如碳纤维。在优选实施例中,坯件11为缝合坯件,其中传统的缝线16(见图11A和11B)将独立的纤维21和层13、15和17固定在一起。
根据本发明,多根单独的分立纤维25的层或垫23设置在叠层板11上。分立纤维25,此处也称作“Z方向纤维”,优选是长度约0.25英寸S玻璃玻璃丝纤维。可以理解,诸如聚合物基或石墨基纤维的其它纤维材料可以用于形成垫23,在某些应用中,可能期望使用多于一种类型的分立纤维25或不同长度的分立纤维25。
分立纤维25通过一个或更多个具有平头钩29的钩针27拉入并通过坯件11,这将在下面更加详细地介绍。随着针27通过分立纤维25的垫23,钩29挂住并由分立纤维25填充。随着推动针27通过坯件11的层13、15和17,分立纤维25由钩29牵拉通过坯件11。随着针27通过坯件11缩回,分立纤维25由钩29释放并沿Z方向保留在坯件11中,如通过“拖拉”Z方向纤维31所表示。在优选实施例中,推动针27达到通过坯件11足够远,使得在通过坯件11缩回针27时,钩29通过坯件11而Z方向纤维31保留暴露的环套33。为确保钩29完全由分立纤维25填充且不挂住、折断、变形或拖拉复合纤维21,垫23优选沿Z方向为约0.375英寸厚。
现在参照图2A和2B,示出了一根针27的局部透视图和截面图。针27优选为冠形针,其具有尖端51、锥形顶53、多个钩29、小锥形刀片57、以及用于连接至针排81(见图3)的连接部分(未示出)。针27优选由钢或其它适合的材料制成。钩29的数量、类型、间隔和位置选择性地选取,从而确保挂住足够数量的分立纤维25并拖拉通过坯件11,且对复合纤维21的破坏最小。针27具有至少一个沿其长度具有多边形或椭圆形截面区域的部分,各个钩29共面并设置在所述多边形或椭圆形截面区域的一个或多个角上。每个针27在设置钩29的部分截面为三角形,且包括平头钩29的单面。钩29等距隔开,且设置在三角形截面的角上,如图2B所示。
现在参照图3至9B,其示出了用于在小坯件上执行本发明的工具71的一个实施例。将可理解,工具71仅为用于执行本发明的工具的一种机械构造的简单表现。
如图3和4所示,工具71包括基板73、中间的纤维保留板75、顶板77、可选导轨79、具有针固定板83的针排81、连接部件85、以及往复装置(未示出)。在组装时,坯件11夹在基板73与纤维保留板75之间。基板73和顶板77分别包括多个对准的针孔89和91。针孔89和91的尺寸和间隔适于容纳针排81的针27,且适于提供足够的间隔从而确保分立纤维25不会有多于一根的针27拖住。针孔91略成锥孔,从而确保针排81的针27经基板73平滑通过。基板73、纤维保留板75和顶板77优选由铝或其它金属材料制成。然而,应理解,基板73、纤维保留板75和顶板77可以从软性、柔性材料形成,诸如泡沫、橡胶、尼龙或其它适合的材料。若使用诸如这些的替代材料,针27可以能够轻易地刺穿坯件11而不用顶板77中的针孔91和基板73中的针孔89的存在。
在本发明的各个步骤中,一层弹性材料87,诸如硅橡胶,可以与批件11相连。弹性材料87可以暂时地粘贴于坯件11。当在纤维插入工艺中使用时,弹性材料87与坯件11一同夹在基板73与纤维保留板75之间。在其它实施例中,弹性材料87可以嵌入在加工固定装置中,从而便于在沿着加工表面形成和压缩“粘性”坯件至最终零件轮廓后进行纤维插入。弹性材料为暴露的环套33提供支撑。弹性材料87的额外功能在下面介绍。
在其它实施例中,弹性材料87可以包括热塑材料,或者可以以其替代,其毛吸到Z方向环套33和通过坯件11凸出的分立纤维31的任何自由端中。这防止了任何树脂转移操作中的树脂毛吸到暴露的Z方向环套33中,并且可以化学地或熔融地从固化的纤维插入坯件中去除。在另一实施例中,弹性材料87包括可溶解冲洗材料,诸如类似于
Figure C200380101844D00111
的可溶陶瓷基涂料,其防止了树脂浸渍到暴露的Z方向环套33和通过坯件11凸出的分立纤维31的任何自由端中,但其可以在固化工艺后从坯件11去除。这些实施例特别有益于其中使用本发明的技术粘结一个或更多个坯件在一起的应用。这些实施例将在下面参照图13至14C更加详细地介绍。
图4A和4B示出了基板73。基板73包括多个用于连接基板73至纤维保留板75和顶板77的孔93。另外,基板73包括至少两个定位销95,其向上突出通过纤维保留板75并通过顶板77。定位销95便于恰当地对准基板针孔89和顶板针孔91,并与纤维保留板75的槽孔97和99相结合便于纤维保留板75、坯件11、以及弹性材料87的偏移移动。这种偏移移动,优选45°相对于基板73,允许坯件11再定位和纤维的多次插入,产生比利用针排81的单次通过所能的更高密度的Z方向纤维。
图5A和5B示出了纤维保留板75。纤维保留板75包括多个孔97用于连接纤维保留板75至基板73和顶板77。纤维保留板75包括导槽97和99,用于容纳定位销95。导槽97和99允许纤维保留板75、坯件11、以及弹性材料87调动和相对于基板73再定位。这种再定位便于针排81多次通过。另外,纤维保留板包括中心纤维保留孔101,其形状适于与基板73和顶板77中的针孔89和91对准并围绕针孔。分立纤维25加载到并保留在纤维保留孔101内。由此,纤维保留板75具有厚度t,其尺寸适于在纤维保留孔101内为保留分立纤维25产生选定体积的空闲空间。为每次纤维插入通过提供足够体积的分立纤维25且在每次纤维插入通过前清洁坯件的前侧束缚的或成簇的分立纤维25使得钩29挂住并完全由分立纤维25填充是十分重要的。这确保了在镇27通过坯件11时,钩29不会挂住和折断复合纤维21。
图6A至6D示出了顶板77。顶板77包括多个孔103,用于连接顶板77至基板73和纤维保留板75。顶板77包括可选孔105,用于容纳定位销95。顶板77包括可选凹陷部分107,针孔91通过其中。凹陷部分107为分立纤维25提供了额外的体积。
图7A至7C示出了导轨79。导轨79是可选的,且提供了随着针排81往复运动引导和稳定针排81的手段。导轨79包括安装孔111,用于连接导轨79至顶板77。可以理解,可以使用额外的导轨77来引导和稳定针排81。
图8A和8B示出了针排81。为清楚起见,针固定板83以被移开。针排81包括用于容纳连接部件85的内螺纹沉孔114和用于可释放地容纳针27的间隔的多个针座115。针座115为沉孔从而横向支撑针,并且可以调整从而支撑各种长度的针。针座115,以及由此是针27,选择性地隔开,从而确保最大数量和体积的分立纤维25能通过每根针27的每次行程而引入到坯件11中。在优选实施例中,提供了两偏斜行的针座115和针27。因为,在优选实施例中,基板73和顶板77一行中针孔89和91的密度是一行针27的密度的两倍,此构造允许坯件11以期望的间隔栅格缝制。本领域技术人员将可理解,可以构造针座115和针孔89和91的密度和排列从而在坯件11中产生各种Z方向纤维的选定图案。
优选地,针27安装在针排81中,使得针27的钩29共面。这种构造确保了分立纤维25同时拖拉通过坯件11,且暴露的Z纤维环套33具有均匀高度。然而,应理解,在特定应用中,特定的应用包括具有弯曲轮廓或可变厚度的坯件,可能期望改变针排81中一个或多个针27的位置、行程、或穿透力。由此,针排81可以包括弹簧偏置机构(未示出),用于改变由针27作用在坯件11上的穿透力。
图9A至9C中示出了连接部件85。连接部件85为将针排81连接至往复装置提供了手段。连接部件85包括位于一端的螺纹轴117用于安装到针排81的沉孔114中,以及安装轴119用于连接至往复装置。安装轴119可以包括扳手平面121,便于螺纹轴117到沉孔114中的安装。
在操作中,基板73设置在支撑结构(未示出)上。针27装载到针排81中并选择性地定位。随后,放下坯件11和弹性材料87,并定位在基板73上方。接着,纤维保留板75设置在弹性材料87和坯件11上。随后,向纤维保留孔101中装载一定体积的分立纤维25。然后,将顶板77定位于纤维保留板75上方。接着,将基板73、纤维保留板75和顶板77扣住并固定地夹在一起,由此将坯件11和弹性材料87夹在基板73与纤维保留板75之间。接着,启动往复装置,使针27穿透坯件11和弹性材料87。
随着针27穿透坯件11和弹性材料87,钩29拖拉分立纤维25通过坯件11到弹性材料87中。随着针27通过弹性材料87和坯件11缩回,弹性材料87挤压Z方向环套33和任何通过坯件11突出的分立纤维25的自由端,并防止其通过坯件11缩回。优选地,分立纤维25的垫23在每次针刺通过之间经过掸刷和补充,因为垫23可能由于最初的纤维插入通过而变得紧密。
现在参照图10A和10B中的附图,示出了纤维插入工艺后坯件11。在图10A中,示出了纤维插入工艺后的坯件11的顶侧。一些未使用的分立纤维25可以保持松弛,一些可能变得紧密。移走松弛的分立纤维25后,弹性材料87辅助固定坯件11中的Z方向环套33。在图11B中,示出了纤维插入工艺后的坯件11和弹性材料87的下侧。在此视图中,弹性材料87以从坯件11剥下,从而检查从坯件11向外突出的Z方向环套33,以及弹性材料87中的穿刺痕迹121。进行这一步骤从而验证暴露的环套33充分嵌入在弹性材料87中,且不是该工序的正常部分。
现在参照图11A至11C中的附图,示出了批件11的特性视图。如图所示,分立纤维25以通过坯件11拖拉从而形成最后的、均匀的Z方向环套33和刺穿坯件11的分立纤维31的自由端。因为针27的钩29随着针通过坯件11而充满了分立纤维25,因此石墨纤维21未折断、受拖拽或成套。
现在参照图12A至12D中的附图,示出了真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺期间和之后的Z方向加固坯件121。在图12A中,坯件121已经封闭在真空袋123中,且经过真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺。如图所示,树脂沿箭头E所指方向拖在坯件上方。在图12B,完成真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺,固化坯件121。如所示的,许多Z方向的环套131从坯件121突出。图12C和12D为Z方向环套131的放大图。在使用优选实施例的弹性材料的真空辅助树脂转移成型工艺期间,树脂浸渍到Z方向环套131中。固化后,树脂形成Z方向环套柱131,其从固化坯件11刚性向外突出。这些刚性Z方向环套柱131优选清除掉了多余的树脂,优选利用软性介质喷砂,使其利于加固复合胶接接头。
图13至15示出了本发明如何可以用于将复合叠层板部件连接并粘合在一起的一些典型方式。图13中,两坯件141和143浸渍在一起从而形成共固化加固连接145。在此示例中,每个部件141和143包括暴露的Z方向加固纤维147。部件放置在一起,使得Z方向纤维混合在一起,并随后将树脂浸透部件141和143。树脂浸渍路线如曲线F所示。一旦树脂浸透部件141和143,部件141和143固化在一起,由此形成共固化复合Z方向纤维加固连接或形成独立预浸零件的部件。此实施例中,无需弹性材料87。
图14A至14C示出了本发明如何可以用于两固化复合部件粘合在一起的典型方式。如图14A所示,固化复合部件151具有Z方向纤维,其通过可溶冲洗或热塑材料155屏蔽开了树脂或在去除弹性材料87后清除了树脂。图14B中,多余的树脂、可溶冲洗或热塑材料155已去除以暴露Z方向纤维153。图14A和14B示出了粘接预备步骤。图14C中,部件151利用粘结材料159粘结至第二复合部件157。第二复合部件157优选按与部件151相同的方式制备。
图15示出了本发明如何可以在通过根据本发明穿过坯件插入Z方向纤维在胶接接头界面处用于加固多重干燥复合坯件。在此示例中,三个坯件161、163和165通过在所有三个坯件161、163和165交叠的区域169穿透所有三个坯件161、163和165插入Z方向纤维167来加固。根据本发明,Z方向纤维167通过经随机分立纤维177的垫175推具有钩173的针171形成。插入坯件161、163和165的纤维随后可以共固化或以树脂浸渍,并用作独立的预浸零件。此实施例无需弹性材料87。
应理解,通过本发明的技术形成的Z方向环套33和131不是必须单独用于将多个部件粘结在一起。在暴露时,Z方向环套33和131可以起到将热量转移出该复合部件的手段的作用。这在从一组具有良好导热属性的材料中选择分立纤维25时特别正确。
现在参照图16A和16B中的附图,示出了特别适合根据本发明的Z方向加固复合坯件的应用。图16A中,一叠预浸薄板181已经放置在模具183中。如图所示,叠层181形成相对厚的端部截面185。此组合到基准厚度的适当转换必须通过传统的交错落板或递减法完成。尽管这些传统方法提供良好的强度性质,其通常手工进行。由此,其非常费力且昂贵。另一方面,本发明的Z方向加固技术消除了对复杂的传统方法的需要。通过使用本发明的Z方向加固法,可以利用明显减小的成本实现可比的强度性质而无需最初端累积的下落。
图16B中,示出了本发明成本节约优点的另一示例。经常,对于大面积轮廓外壳191,使用两个或更多个坯件垫形成复杂的弯曲是很方便的。这留下了延续零件长度的长接缝193。这种坯件垫构造中的长接缝通常是不期望的,因为一个垫到下一个的较大下降。然而,利用本发明,接缝193可以具有根据本发明插入的Z方向加固纤维。这允许但个坯件垫连接在一起形成轮廓部件。
显见,已经介绍和示出了本发明明显优点。尽管本发明以有限数量的形式示出,但其并不限于这些形式,而是能够适用于不脱离其实质的各种改变和调整。

Claims (42)

1.一种沿Z方向加固纤维复合叠层板的方法,包括步骤:
提供具有大体在X-Y平面延伸的复合纤维的复合坯件;
在复合坯件上放置分立纤维的垫;
提供至少一个具有至少一个外钩的针;
推动针大体沿Z方向通过分立纤维的垫和坯件,使得钩挂住一些分立纤维并拖拉分立纤维通过坯件;
缩回针从而将分立纤维保留在坯件中;以及
相对于坯件重复调整针的位置并推动针通过分立纤维的垫和坯件,由此通过坯件,并在坯件中形成Z方向加固纤维的选定图案,
其中分立纤维通过坯件插入,从而形成从坯件向外突出的Z方向纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中分立纤维为玻璃丝。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中玻璃丝分立纤维为S玻璃分立纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中分立纤维为石墨。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中分立纤维为聚合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
调整坯件的位置;以及
重复调整针相对于坯件的位置并推动针通过分立纤维的垫和坯件,由此第二次通过坯件,并增大坯件中Z方向加固纤维的密度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括步骤:
在第二次穿过坯件之前利用额外的分立纤维补充分立纤维的垫。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括步骤:
在每次穿过坯件之前利用额外的分立纤维补充分立纤维的垫。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中提供具有一个或更多个外钩的针的步骤通过提供至少具有多边形或椭圆形截面区域的针来实现,该钩为设置在该多边形或椭圆形截面区域的一个或更多个角处的共面平头钩。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
利用树脂材料固化复合坯件。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
暴露从坯件向外突出的Z方向纤维,从而提供从坯件转移热量的手段。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
利用树脂材料固化复合坯件;以及
防止从坯件向外突出的Z方向纤维由树脂浸渍。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
利用树脂材料固化复合坯件;以及
允许树脂浸渍到从坯件向外突出的Z方向纤维中。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
提供与坯件关联的弹性材料层;
还推动针通过弹性材料层,使得随着针缩回弹性材料挂住并保留分立纤维;以及
在最后一次穿过坯件后去除弹性材料。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中弹性材料为硅橡胶。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
提供与坯件关联的可溶材料层;
还迫使针通过可溶材料层,使得分立纤维从坯件向外突出到可溶材料中;
将可溶材料毛吸到分立纤维中,由此防止树脂在固化工艺期间毛吸到分立纤维中;以及
通过在固化工艺后去除可溶材料暴露突出的分立纤维。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括步骤:
提供与坯件关联的可熔材料层;
还迫使针通过可熔材料层,使得分立纤维从坯件向外突出到可溶材料中;
将可熔材料毛吸到分立纤维中,由此防止树脂在固化工艺期间毛吸到分立纤维中;以及
通过在固化工艺后去除可熔材料暴露突出的分立纤维。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中可熔材料为热塑材料。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中使坯件有粘性从而将复合纤维固定在原位。
20.一种将至少两个复合坯件粘结在一起的方法,包括步骤:
提供至少两个复合坯件,每个复合坯件具有大体在X-Y平面延伸的复合纤维;
大体沿Z方向插入分立纤维通过每个坯件,从而形成从每个坯件向外突出的暴露Z方向纤维和环套;
交叠来自一个坯件的暴露Z方向纤维和环套以及来自另一个坯件的暴露Z方向纤维和环套;
将树脂材料浸透每个坯件和交叠的Z方向纤维和环套;以及
共固化坯件,由此粘结坯件在一起。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中分立纤维为玻璃丝。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中玻璃丝分立纤维为S玻璃分立纤维。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中分立纤维为石墨。
24.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中分立纤维为聚合物。
25.一种将两个复合坯件粘结在一起的方法,包括步骤:
提供至少两个复合坯件,每个复合坯件具有大体在X-Y平面延伸的复合纤维;
使可溶材料层与每个坯件相关连;
大体沿Z方向插入分立纤维通过每个坯件和每层可溶材料,从而形成从每个坯件向外突出到可溶材料中的暴露Z方向纤维和环套;
以树脂材料浸渍每个坯件;
以可溶材料防止树脂材料毛吸到Z方向纤维和环套中;
固化每个坯件;
从每个固化的坯件去除可溶材料从而暴露Z方向纤维和环套;
交叠来自一个坯件的暴露Z方向纤维和环套以及来自另一个坯件的暴露Z方向纤维和环套;以及
通过将粘结材料设置在交叠的暴露Z方向纤维和环套中将坯件粘结在一起。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中分立纤维为玻璃丝。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法,其中玻璃丝分立纤维为S玻璃分立纤维。
28.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中分立纤维为石墨。
29.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中分立纤维为聚合物。
30.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中预浸材料替代了坯件。
31.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中可熔材料替代了可溶材料。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中可熔材料是热塑塑料。
33.一种设备,用于沿Z方向加固具有沿X-Y方向的复合纤维的复合坯件,包括:
基板,具有针孔的下阵列;
中间板,设置在基板上,中间板具有用于保留一定体积分立纤维的孔,基板和中间板用于将坯件容纳于其间;
顶板,设置在中间板上,顶板具有针孔的上阵列;
针排,用于固定多个钩针;以及
往复装置,用于重复推动针通过针孔上阵列、一定体积的分立纤维、以及真空下阵列,
其中分立纤维通过坯件大体沿Z方向插入,从而提供Z方向的加固。
34.根据权利要求33所述的设备,其中分立纤维为玻璃丝。
35.根据权利要求34所述的设备,其中玻璃丝分立纤维为S玻璃分立纤维。
36.根据权利要求33所述的设备,其中分立纤维为石墨。
37.根据权利要求33所述的设备,其中分立纤维为聚合物。
38.根据权利要求33所述的设备,还包括:
弹性材料,设置在基板与中间板之间,用于为坯件提供支撑和用于在已经推动分立纤维通过坯件后保留分立纤维。
39.根据权利要求38所述的设备,其中可溶材料替代了弹性材料。
40.根据权利要求38所述的设备,其中可熔材料替代了弹性材料。
41.根据权利要求40所述的设备,其中可熔材料为热塑塑料。
42.根据权利要求33所述的设备,还包括:
至少一个导轨,用于引导和稳定往复装置。
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DE60325759D1 (de) 2009-02-26
WO2004041528A2 (en) 2004-05-21
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CA2496817C (en) 2010-10-26
AU2003291688A8 (en) 2004-06-07
BR0313894A (pt) 2005-07-19
WO2004041528A3 (en) 2004-07-08
AU2003291688A1 (en) 2004-06-07
CN1705564A (zh) 2005-12-07
US8214981B2 (en) 2012-07-10
US7993477B2 (en) 2011-08-09
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EP1560701A4 (en) 2006-11-22
US20060113027A1 (en) 2006-06-01

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