CN100494163C - 间二硝基苯选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法 - Google Patents
间二硝基苯选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O PODWXQQNRWNDGD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种间二硝基苯选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法,以间二硝基苯为原料、铁粉为还原剂,在二氧化碳/水-乙醇体系下,在温度40-130℃,压力1.6-10.0MPa下反应得间硝基苯胺,反应转化率>98%,间硝基苯胺选择性>99%。本发明所述的方法,所用的二氧化碳、水、乙醇以及未反应的铁粉均可重复利用,可避免废水排放问题。同时具有反应收率高、产物选择性好的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及精细化工领域间二硝基苯选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法。
背景技术
硝基芳胺作为一大类重要有机合成中间体和原料,广泛应用于医药、农药、染料等领域。通过二硝基芳香化合物部分还原制备硝基芳胺具有重要的工业意义。目前,由芳香二硝基化合物选择性还原是制备硝基芳胺的重要方法,但方法不多。用于工业化的二硝基化合物选择性还原方法主要有:硫化钠还原[徐克勋.精细化工原料及中间体手册,北京:化学工业出版社,2001,5-531-532],氯化亚锡还原[Wen-Kang Xing and Yoshiro Ogata et al.Effectof Meta and Para Substituents on the Stannous Chloride Reduction of Nitrobenzenesin Aqueous Ethanol.J.Org.Chem.,1983,48,2515-2520]铁粉还原[(1).Wulfman DS,Cooper C F.Monoreduction of dinitroarenes with iron/acetic acid.Synthesis,1978,(12):924;(2)DE67018]完成这一过程。
硫化碱还原法,反应比较缓和,该法反应中生成的硫代硫酸钠溶于水,可直接与不溶于水的芳胺分离,产品后处理比较简单。但生产成本较高,收率一般比铁粉还原法低,且产生的大量的含硫废液。[郜磊,张谦.对氨基苯甲醚工艺技术研究[J].河南化工,1992,(2):25-28]。
金属催化加氢法[(1)US5105012;(2)Veena L.Khilnani and S.B.Chandalia SelectiveHydrogenation.11.m-Dinitrobenzene To m-Nitroaniliine Using Palladium on CarbonAs Catalyst.Organic Process Research & Development,2001,5,263-266]。催化加氢主要问题是使用氢气,由于氢气是易燃气体,在生产中危险性很大,且贮存、运输困难,受高质量氢源的限制。此外,还有催化氢转移[Parasuraman Selvam et al.Heterogeneouscatalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds overcobaIt(11)substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves.Tetrahedron Letters,2002,43,8527-8529]、水合肼催化还原法[Nagaraj R.Ayyangar,Uttam R et al.Partly reduction of dinitrobenzenes to nitroanilineswith hydrazine hydrate.Bulletin of the Chemical Society ofJapan,1983,56(10),3159-64]、硼氢化钠还原[Behzad Zeynizadeh and Davood Setamdideh.NaBH4/Charcoal:A New Synthetic Method for Mild and Convenient Reduction ofNitroarenes.Synthetic Commun.,2006,36,2699-2704]及硒以作催化剂以一氧化碳水相中对二硝基芳胺选择性还原[CN1403437]的报道。
传统的铁粉还原法应用范围广,许多胺类都是由其相应的硝基化合物用铁粉还原而得。反应需在强酸性条件下进行,反应后必须加入碱中和酸以分离碱性的芳胺,从而产生相应的盐,大量含胺废水及铁泥,治理成本高[张秀成,李申会.全循环工艺治理2,4-二甲基苯胺生产中的还原废水[J].化工环保,1999,19(2):93-95]。但是,铁粉还原法具有工艺简单、对设备要求低、适用范围广、生产较易控制,副反应少、产品收率高、选择性高且质量好等优点。同时,铁粉法产生的铁泥可联产氧化铁颜料,德国Bayer公司和美国Mobay化学公司仍保留一部分铁粉法生产苯胺,副产氧化铁颜料“M”。故在许多芳胺生产过程中,仍采用铁粉还原工艺。已知在铁粉还原硝基化合物的过程中,溶液必需具有足够的酸性才能促进反应可行。在纯水介质中,铁粉对硝基化合物几乎不能还原,英国Nottingham大学的Poliakoff教授等(C.Boix,M.Poliakoff.J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans 1,1999,1487-1490)使用提高反应温度的方法(采用近临界水)实现硝基化合物的铁粉还原,在250℃下(压力100bar)反应2.5小时,硝基苯还原仅有10%的苯胺收率;在同样的温度下,使用锌粉使硝基苯还原可得到90%的苯胺收率。由此可见仅靠强化反应条件的方法并不很理想。王磊等(Lei Wang,Pinhua Li et al.Synthesis,13,2001-2004,2003)曾报告应用纳米铁粉在近临界水(温度210℃)条件下实现硝基化合物的还原,反应2小时,硝基苯还原可实现95%的芳胺收率,但纳米铁粉的原料成本高。Poliakoff教授及王磊等所报告的反应过程均未涉及对于二硝基芳胺选择性还原制备硝基苯胺。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对传统的铁粉-强酸水溶液还原体系所存在的污染问题及选择性不易控制问题,提供一种铁粉还原间二硝基苯制备间硝基苯胺的新方法,该方法无需使用传统强酸,既具有铁粉还原法的优点,又避免了含盐废水对环境的污染问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:用间二硝基苯通过铁粉选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法,是在高压釜中,加入摩尔比为1:1.0-8.0的间二硝基苯与铁粉,再加入水和乙醇,使1g间二硝基苯所需水和乙醇混合体积为10-30ml,水与乙醇的体积比为124-1:1-24,然后通入二氧化碳使其压力达1.6-10.0MPa,反应温度为40-130℃,搅拌下反应1-16小时,降温冷却,放出二氧化碳,用乙酸乙酯萃取釜内产物,用TLC分析间硝基苯胺及其它组分,再用气相色谱分析所有组分和含量。
上述间二硝基苯还原制备间硝基芳胺的方法中,优选反应条件是间二硝基苯与还原剂的摩尔比为1:2到1:8,1g间二硝基苯所需水和乙醇混合体积为15-30ml,水与乙醇体积比为50-1:1-10,反应中二氧化碳压力为1.6-8.0M Pa,反应温度为40-100℃,反应时间为3-6小时。
本发明提出在二氧化碳/水-乙醇体系下实现间二硝基苯的铁粉选择性还原。促进反应进行所需的酸性由溶于溶剂中二氧化碳与水及醇原位形成的酸提供。
已知溶于水中的CO2形成碳酸(H2CO3)使体系的酸性增加,而在水中的溶解度随压力增加而增加;CO2-水体系中的酸性明显增加,溶液的pH值很易降到接近3,与1M乙酸的水溶液的酸性相当;而醇与二氧化碳原位形成的酸之酸性甚至强于碳酸,当甲醇-水体系中CO2摩尔量为5.6%,CO2-水-甲醇体系的pH值达到4.22,醇-水体系下仅少量CO2即可大大提高酸性。溶解的CO2与水及醇原位形成的酸所提供的酸性可以促进反应进行,故在二氧化碳/水-乙醇体系中进行二硝基化合物的铁粉还原,通过控制反应参数可以实现单硝基还原;而反应完成后排除CO2,反应混合物不含有由强酸与生成物芳胺形成的盐,从而分离产物胺时无需加碱;分离后水相中不含有盐,水及乙醇可以循环使用直接于下次反应中,反应过程中不再有含盐废水的排放问题,避免的对环境的污染问题。
本发明间二硝基苯选择性还原制备硝基芳胺方法的主要优点和效果在于:反应体系即具有可以实现间二硝基苯制备相应的间硝基芳胺,选择性>99%,还原反应收率高,转化率>98%还原剂成本低等优点,二氧化碳、水、乙醇及未反应的铁粉可重复利用,避免了废水排放对环境带来的污染问题。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在75mL不锈钢高压釜中,加入0.42g间二硝基苯、0.42g铁粉、11.1mL水,1.4mL乙醇,磁子,旋紧高压釜,用CO2置换空气5次,充入2.8MPa二氧化碳后放入80℃油浴,开动搅拌,反应6小时停止反应,降温冷却,放出二氧化碳,用乙酸乙酯萃取釜内产物,TLC分析产物组分,用气相色谱分析各组分含量,结果表明,间二硝基苯转化率>99%,间硝基苯胺选择性>99%。
实施例2-10,具体操作条件见实施例1
Claims (2)
1.一种用间二硝基苯通过铁粉选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法,其特征在于本方法是在高压釜中,加入摩尔比为1:1.0-8.0的间二硝基苯与铁粉,再加入水和乙醇,使1g间二硝基苯所需水和乙醇混合体积为10-30ml,水与乙醇的体积比为124-1:1-24,然后通入二氧化碳使其至压力达1.6-10.0MPa,反应温度为40-130℃,搅拌下反应1-16小时,降温冷却,放出二氧化碳,用乙酸乙酯萃取釜内产物,用TLC分析间硝基苯胺及其它组分、再用气相色谱分析产物组分和含量。
2.按照权利要求1所述间二硝基苯选择性还原制备间硝基苯胺的方法,其特征在于该方法的反应条件是:间二硝基苯与铁粉的摩尔比为1:2到1:8,1g间二硝基苯所需水和乙醇混合体积为15-30ml,水与乙醇体积比为50-1:1-10,反应中二氧化碳压力为1.6-8.0MPa,反应温度为40-100℃:反应时间为3-6小时。
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