CN100488795C - 用于运行混合动力汽车的方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D31/00—Use of speed-sensing governors to control combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D31/001—Electric control of rotation speed
- F02D31/002—Electric control of rotation speed controlling air supply
- F02D31/003—Electric control of rotation speed controlling air supply for idle speed control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/06—Engines with means for equalising torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
- F02P5/1502—Digital data processing using one central computing unit
- F02P5/1508—Digital data processing using one central computing unit with particular means during idling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0605—Throttle position
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0616—Position of fuel or air injector
- B60W2710/0622—Air-fuel ratio
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
- B60W2710/0644—Engine speed
- B60W2710/065—Idle condition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
- F02D2250/24—Control of the engine output torque by using an external load, e.g. a generator
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,这种混合动力汽车具有一个内燃机以及至少一个电机,其中,至少其中一个电机以变化的扭矩给怠速运转中的内燃机加载,从而降低内燃机在怠速运转中的旋转不均匀性。在此,在怠速运转中,使内燃机在没有调节点火滞后的情况下同时以对于这种运行状态最佳的点火角和充气系数运行,以便建立扭矩储备。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,这种混合动力汽车具有一个内燃机以及至少一个电机,其中,所述电机中的至少一个电机以变化的扭矩给怠速运转中的内燃机加载,从而降低内燃机在怠速运转中的旋转不均匀性。
在具有内燃机的汽车运行期间,内燃机在汽车的停车状态下通常并没有关闭,而是在怠速运转中继续运转。在此由发动机输出的能量的一部分被用于汽车车载电源的供给或舒适性功能,例如空调。但是因为在怠速运转期间,发动机需要加入的燃料量中所含能量的最大部分用于维持发动机的运转,或者用于补偿热损失和摩擦损失,并且另外发动机是在一个热力效率很低的区域内运行,所以,在汽车停车状态下让发动机继续运转在能量方面是不利的。出于这种原因,现已出现具有启动-停止功能的汽车,其在汽车停车状态时关闭内燃机以降低燃料消耗。
在混合动力汽车中,一般也通过启动-停止功能在汽车停车状态时关闭内燃机。在此优点在于:混合动力汽车具有比传统启动器功率明显更强的电动机,这能实现更高的舒适性,特别在发动机启动时。电机与发动机曲轴的连接可以通过多种方式实现。例如电机可以通过一个离合器或者说直接与发动机的曲轴连接,或者也可以通过皮带传动机构或者说传动机构耦联。在停车状态下,用电器的供给通过电池或其它电能存储器实现,在接下来的行驶过程中,它们在内燃机效率较高的工作点重新充电。通过这种方式可以显著降低燃料消耗。
但是还有出于其它原因不允许关闭内燃机的运行状态。例如:在打开空调时,空调压缩机的由内燃机的皮带传动机构实现的机械驱动要求内燃机继续运转。在电池充电状态较低时,尤其又需要长时间停车的情况下,也需要使内燃机在怠速运转中继续运转或重新启动。另外,例如废气净化设备必须已经达到它的运转温度,从而在重新启动内燃机时不出现不允许的高废气有害物质排放。出于上述原因,在混合动力系统中也要求使内燃机在停车状态下以怠速运转。但对于这种设计方案要求,使怠速燃料消耗保持尽可能地低。
一种减少怠速运转中燃料消耗的方案在于,尽可能地降低内燃机的怠速转速。然而对于内燃机,其怠速转速只能降低到一个确定的值,否则在各气缸扭矩输出时的不均匀性会大大增加,以至运转质量变差或者发动机熄火。在各气缸之间喷入的燃料质量分散、气缸充气太少、燃烧室气流强度不够以及燃烧室内残余气体含量升高都会使发动机运转困难。这些因素导致,降低怠速转速的同时越来越多地随机产生有缺陷的燃烧,这样会对怠速转速造成短期的妨碍舒适性的干扰。
三缸和四缸发动机的怠速转速一般在750-900转/分钟的范围内。直接喷射的汽油发动机的怠速转速相对于进气管喷射的发动机的怠速转速可以调节得更低,因为直接将燃料加入燃烧室中,可以为各个气缸十分精确地定量分配喷射量。对于多缸发动机,由于曲轴每旋转一圈所进行的燃烧次数较多,其怠速转速还可以调节到更低。
另一个问题在于与怠速运转阶段相关的载荷要求或者说扭矩要求。例如,在启动过程时需要一个突然的明显更高的扭矩。但是因为进气管充气需要一段有限的时间(大约几百毫秒),如果发动机的怠速转速在无负荷状态下被降低到尽可能小的值,这就会对扭矩形成干扰,联系到接合过程则会不期望地干扰转速,这些都意味着巨大的舒适性受损。在怠速运转中例如接通一个用电器、如空调压缩机时,也会产生一种类似的不期望的影响。
因此,串联发动机的怠速转速应调节到与预先设定的下部的或者说最低的怠速转速保持一定距离。另外还通常使用所谓的扭矩储备。在此对于汽油发动机,点火角调节到比扭矩最优或者燃料消耗最优地运行所必要的点火角迟。同时,为了保持额定怠速转速,必须同时增加气缸充气。在快速的负荷要求的情况下,可以首先将点火角提前,以增加扭矩,这样实际上在没有时间延迟的情况下就引起了更高扭矩,因为点火角非常快,也就是说,可以在紧接着的工作间隙进行调整。然而,不仅怠速转速与最低怠速极限转速的安全距离,而且扭矩储备都会以不利的方式增加燃料消耗。
由DE 197 09 134 A1公开了一种用于混合动力汽车的传动系统,该混合动力汽车具有一个内燃机以及一个电机,其中,电机通过变化的扭矩给内燃机加载,从而降低了内燃机的旋转不均匀性。在此这样控制与内燃机耦联的电机,使得其施加一个抵抗内燃机的扭矩波动地变化的扭矩。
本发明的任务是在混合动力汽车运行中降低混合动力系统的怠速燃料消耗,改善内燃机和电机的相互作用,同时保持所期望的行驶舒适性。
根据本发明,该任务通过一种用于运行混合动力汽车的的方法解决。
为此,在上述类型的方法中根据本发明规定,将所述内燃机的怠速转速从为内燃机预先规定的怠速极限转速-在该怠速极限转速下,内燃机平稳地进行怠速运转,并且对于没有转速干扰的启动过程具有足够的储备-出发降低,并且在怠速运转中,内燃机无调节点火滞后地同时以对于怠速运转最佳的点火角以及充气系数运行,以建立扭矩储备。
这样做的优点在于,通过放弃惯常的点火角的调节点火滞后以及与此相联系的提高充气系数,可以选择非常低的怠速转速。从而在同时保持所期望的运行舒适性和行驶舒适性的情况下降低了燃料消耗。
在怠速运转时,点火角最好调节到内燃机燃料消耗最佳地运转。
内燃机在怠速运行时优选以等于1的空气系数运行。
从怠速运转中启动时,为了平衡不存在的扭矩储备,由至少其中一个电机提供相应高的启动扭矩,最好在内燃机充气所需的时间段内施加这一扭矩。
在一种优选的实施方式中,在怠速运转时,将通过对点火线路、燃料线路和/或充气线路的干涉进行的转速调节与借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节相组合。
在另一种优选的实施方式中,将借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节与传统的通过点火线路、燃料线路和/或充气线路进行的转速调节相叠加,其中借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节最好仅仅对随机的、较强的转速干扰作出反应。
内燃机的怠速转速最好从一个为内燃机预先确定的怠速极限转速-在该怠速极限转速下,内燃机平稳地怠速运转,并且对于没有转速干扰的启动过程具有足够的储备-降低至少50转/分钟、尤其降低至少100转/分钟、特别降低至少200转/分钟。
下面更详细说明本发明。
对于具有附加的至少一个电机和一个内燃机的混合动力汽车,根据本发明要改善怠速燃料消耗以及怠速运行舒适性。因为电机恰恰在低转速范围内能提供高的扭矩(正和负),由此可以有利地支持内燃机的怠速运转。另外,因为电动机的扭矩可以十分迅速-也就是在几十毫秒内-地升高或降低,由此平衡了怠速运转中内燃机的扭矩波动,确切地说是由此引起的内燃机的转速波动。
因此根据本发明提出,将内燃机的怠速转速相对于初始设计参数降低至少50转/分钟,优选降低至少100转/分钟,尤其优选降低至少200转/分钟。在这种情况下,通过内燃机和电机的转速调节的组合来平衡扭矩不均匀性或者说由此引起的转速波动。作为替代方案,可以考虑将传统的内燃机转速调节与电机的叠加的转速调节相组合,电机对由随机的有缺陷的燃烧引起的转速干扰作出反应,并由此避免不允许的转速干扰。在本发明的一种特别优选的改进方案中提出,不再另外使用传统的扭矩储备(点火角提前)。另外,从具有很小的扭矩储备或没有扭矩储备的最低速怠速运转中开始的启动过程可以由电机的高的驱动扭矩得到支持,从而在此也不会因转速干扰产生任何舒适性损害。
由此以上提出的方法实现了混合动力汽车或者说使用内燃机和电机的组合驱动方案的燃料消耗的进一步降低。
Claims (11)
1.用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,这种混合动力汽车具有一个内燃机以及至少一个电机,其中,至少其中一个电机用变化的扭矩给怠速运转中的内燃机加载,从而降低怠速运转中的内燃机的旋转不均匀性,其特征在于:将所述内燃机的怠速转速从为内燃机预先规定的怠速极限转速-在该怠速极限转速下,内燃机平稳地进行怠速运转,并且对于没有转速干扰的启动过程具有足够的储备-出发降低,并且在怠速运转中,使内燃机没有点火角调节点火滞后地同时以对于怠速运转最佳的点火角和充气系数运行,以便建立扭矩储备。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在怠速运转中,将所述点火角和充气系数调节到使内燃机燃料消耗最佳地运行。
3.按权利要求1或者2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述内燃机在怠速运转时以等于1的空气系数运转。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:在从怠速运转开始的启动过程中,由至少其中一个电机提供启动扭矩。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述启动扭矩在内燃机充气期间施加。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:在怠速运转中,将通过对点火线路、燃料线路和/或充气线路的干涉进行的转速调节与借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节相组合。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:将借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节与传统的、通过点火线路、燃料线路和/或充气线路进行的转速调节进行叠加。
8.按权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于:所述借助于至少其中一个电机进行的转速调节仅仅对随机的、较强的转速干扰作出反应。
9.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述内燃机的怠速转速降低至少50转/分钟。
10.按权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述内燃机的怠速转速降低至少100转/分钟。
11.按权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于:将所述内燃机的怠速转速降低至少200转/分钟。
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DE102004016559A DE102004016559A1 (de) | 2004-04-03 | 2004-04-03 | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybrid-Kraftfahrzeugs |
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AT (1) | ATE435771T1 (zh) |
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DE102004062012A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridfahrzeugs |
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JP4424321B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 | 2010-03-03 | 日産自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 |
DE102006016134A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Hybridantriebs |
DE102006047609B4 (de) | 2006-10-09 | 2022-03-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Betriebsführung eines Hybridantriebs eines Fahrzeugs |
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JP4321641B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-09 | 2009-08-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両、ハイブリッド車両の制御方法およびその制御方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可 |
DE102007050114A1 (de) * | 2007-10-19 | 2009-04-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Hybridantriebsvorrichtung eines Fahrzeugs, Hybridantriebsvorrichtung |
DE102007059869A1 (de) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung der Leerlaufdrehzahl einer Brennkraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
DE102008041450A1 (de) * | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verringern einer Drehzahl eines Verbrennungsmotors |
US7950368B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2011-05-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Engine and exhaust heating |
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JP5477319B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2014-04-23 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ハイブリッド駆動装置の制御装置 |
US9272706B2 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-03-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Laser ignition system based diagnostics |
DE102013209810A1 (de) | 2013-05-27 | 2014-11-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung der Partikelemission einer fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine |
JP6759979B2 (ja) | 2016-10-28 | 2020-09-23 | スズキ株式会社 | 車両の発電制御装置 |
DE102016225421A1 (de) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-07-05 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Steuerung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
CN111441893B (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-07-22 | 联合汽车电子有限公司 | 应用于发动机的分缸点火控制方法、系统和可读存储介质 |
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EP1735172B1 (de) | 2009-07-08 |
DE102004016559A1 (de) | 2005-10-27 |
US7305965B2 (en) | 2007-12-11 |
US20070068478A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
CN1925999A (zh) | 2007-03-07 |
JP2007530354A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
WO2005105500A1 (de) | 2005-11-10 |
EP1735172A1 (de) | 2006-12-27 |
ATE435771T1 (de) | 2009-07-15 |
DE502004009737D1 (de) | 2009-08-20 |
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