CN100478217C - 燃料电池汽车构造 - Google Patents
燃料电池汽车构造 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 65
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005183 dynamical system Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
- B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
- B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
- B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种汽车底盘,它包括形成一个空腔的框架和贮存压缩的氢气的一个罐。该罐至少部分地安置在该空腔内,并且相对于该框架纵向取向,以使该汽车底盘的燃料贮存能力最大。在一个示例性实施例中,一个底板包括一个凹面,以容纳该罐的至少一部分,同时在该汽车底盘的乘客舱地板表面上形成一个相应的突起部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车底盘和具有在乘客舱下面的纵向取向的压缩气体贮存罐的动力系。
背景技术
一般,现有技术的汽车包括一个内燃机,它安置在车体的前面或后面的发动机舱中。该发动机使用液体燃料-例如汽油或柴油燃料。一般,液体燃料贮存在靠近汽车后部的油罐中。该发动机通过机械传动装置将扭矩加在车轮上,驱动汽车。
代用汽车燃料-例如压缩的氢和天然气的每单位容积的比热能量较如汽油和柴油燃料那样的液体燃料低,即它们具有较低的能量密度。因此,另一种燃料汽车在重新加燃料前的行驶距离比具有相同的燃料贮存容量的通常燃料的汽车小得多。因此,希望另一种燃料汽车能容纳比通常燃料汽车的油罐大的燃料贮存油罐。
还希望将另一种燃料贮存罐安置在汽车底盘内的一个保护的位置上。因此,一般将另一种燃料贮存罐安置在汽车的后轮之间。然而,后轮之间安装空间有限,这更限制了油罐的尺寸和两次添加燃料之间的汽车行驶距离。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一个方面,提供了具有改善的气体燃料贮存容量的汽车。该汽车包括形成一个中心腔或舱的框架和存储压缩氢的油罐。该油罐至少部分地安置在该中心腔内,并相对于该框架纵向取向。在一个示例性实施例中,底板(floor pan)与该框架连接,并覆盖该中心腔。该底板形成该油罐至少部分地安置在其中的一个部分地为圆柱形的凹面,和在该底板离该凹面的另一侧上的相应的突起部,即汽车地板表面。
根据本发明的第二个方面,提供了带有设计灵活性的燃料电池汽车,从而燃料罐尺寸的减小可增加燃料电池的堆积尺寸。燃料电池堆放在燃料罐的附近,并且其取向可使在面向燃料罐的该堆的侧面上加入附加的燃料电池。因此,当除去长的燃料罐,并用较短的燃料罐代替时,燃料电池堆可因添加燃料电池而增大。这些燃料电池占据先前被加大的燃料罐占据的空间。该设计也可适应可以装配具有普通的底盘和框架设计,但具有不同的燃料电池和燃料罐结构的多种汽车的汽车制造者。
从以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例的详细说明中,可以容易地了解本发明的上述特点和优点与其他特点和优点。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的汽车底盘的示意性的部分剖开的俯视图;
图2为图1的底盘框架的示意性的俯视图;
图3为安装了车轮和前部牵引电机的图2所示的框架的示意性透视图;
图4为图1所示底盘的框架和氢贮存罐的示意性横截面图;
图5为图1所示的底盘的示意性透视图,它表示容纳图4所示一个氢贮存罐的,在该底板上形成的一个孔道;和
图6为图1所示的底盘的燃料电池堆和氢的贮存罐的示意性横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地表示汽车9的底盘8。该底盘包括一个结构框架10。参见图2和图3,该框架包括第一轨道14和第二轨道18,它们共同工作,至少部分地形成它们之间的一个保护的空腔20。第三轨道22在第一轨道14的外侧,并与第一轨道14配合,至少部分地形成在该保护的空腔20外侧的第一个侧向空腔24。第四轨道26在第二轨道18的外侧,并与第二轨道18配合,至少部分地形成在该保护的空腔20外侧的第二个侧管空腔28。在侧向空腔24,28的内表面各种底盘零件。横向零件32刚性地将第一和第二轨道14,18互相连接。横向零件36刚性地将第一和第三轨道14,22相互连接。横向零件40刚性地将第二和第四轨道18,26互相连接。
该框架10还包括第一个节44,第二个节48,第三个节52和第4个节56。最好为铸件的节基本上刚性地将框架10的各种零件互相连接。更具体地说,第一个节44将第一个前部件60与第一轨道14和第三轨道22互相连接。第二个节48将第二个前部件64与第二轨道18和第四轨道26互相连接。第三个节52将第一个后部框架件66与第一和第三轨道14,22互相连接。第4个节56将第二个后部框架件70与第二和第四轨道18,26互相连接。
横向零件74连接第一和第二个节44,48。横向零件78连接第3和第4个节52,56。前部保险杠件82与二个前部件60,64连接。后部保险杠86与二个后部件66,70连接。轨道14,18,22,26和框架件60,64,66,70最好为挤压或液压成形的铝管。
参见图1可看出,汽车9包括3个基本上为圆柱形的贮存压缩氢的罐90,94,98。罐90比罐94和98长和直径大。罐94和98的尺寸基本上相同,并安置在罐90的相反的两侧上。该罐90,94,98至少部分地安置在框架10的保护中心空腔20内。
参见图4可看出,罐支座组件102包括形成三个凹陷部分或凹面110,114,118的至少一个基座件106。图4中相同的符号表示与图1~3相同的零件。形成每一个凹面的表面部分地为圆柱形的,其直径比罐90,94,98中的一个的直径稍大。罐94部分地安置在凹面110内,罐90部分地安置在凹面114内,和罐98部分地安置在凹面118内。因此,该凹面的作用为至少部分地安置和保持一个相应的罐。
罐支架组件102还包括一条带122,与该基座件106连接的挂钩130和套管126。每一个套管126利用相应的一个挂钩130与轭铁连接。可以使用T形螺钉代替挂钩。该带122最好为不锈钢。带122的一侧与每一个罐90,94,98的圆周的一部分接触。带22的另一侧与橡胶套管126的圆周的一部分接触,使得带122受拉伸作用并将罐90,94,98保持在该基座件106上。橡胶套管126可变形,以允许由于加压该罐尺寸变化。最好在不锈钢带122和罐90,94,98之间使用橡胶隔离(没有示出),以保护罐的材料和进一步适应罐尺寸的变化。空腔24,28形成在空腔20的相应的侧面上的能量吸收的压轧空间。
腹板134密封保护空腔20的下部开口。底板140在上面延伸并横过该保护腔腔20的上部开口和形成汽车内部舱或乘客空间142的刚性的地板表面144。在本发明的权利要求范围内,该刚性地板表面144可以包括一个或多个覆盖物-例如衬垫或地毯(没有示出)。该腹板134,底板140和轨道14,18形成氢贮存舱,该舱至少部分地与该空腔20共同延伸。参见图4和图5可看出,地板表面144基本上是平坦的,并提供前部和后部乘客座(没有示出)与底板140连接的安装点148。底板140的特征为其中形成一个孔道152。该孔道152为在基本上平坦的地板表面144上的一个部分为圆柱形的突起部,以适应罐90的尺寸。该孔道的最前面的宽度156不显著地向着前座或前座的安装点148的前面延伸,留下在前座和舱壁164或工具板168之间纵向延伸的汽车地板144的基本上为平坦的区域160。该基本上平坦的区域160从该底板的一个侧边缘横向延伸至该底板的另一个侧边缘。
再参见图4可看出,罐90部分地安置在其中的部分地为圆柱形的凹面170与汽车地板表面的突起部相对。
再参见图1和图2可看出,该汽车还包括一个燃料电池堆172。如图2所示,该燃料电池堆172安置在节44和48之间之形成的空腔176内。该燃料电池堆在图1中部分地剖开表示的底板140的基本上为平坦的区域160的下面。该罐90,94,98作时与燃料电池堆172连接,以便有选择地将氢气供给该电池堆172。参见图6,图中相同的代号表示图1~5中的相同的零件。该底板140和下部保护盖180至少部分地形成至少部分地与空腔176至少部分地共同延伸的燃料电池堆舱。该燃料电池堆舱邻近氢罐舱,并且该框架10形成一个无障碍的开口,以便在横向零件32下面或通过该横向零件,将燃料电池堆和氢罐舱连接。该罐相对于汽车纵向取向,并且燃料电池堆172安置在该罐的前面。
燃料电池堆172由电气上互相连接的单个燃料电池184形成。因此,燃料电池堆172的尺寸和功率可通过将燃料电池添加至该堆中或从该堆中除去而改变。在汽车中,该燃料电池堆172的取向使得可将附加的燃料电池加至在该堆的后端186上的该堆中。因此,该汽车的设计使得较短的氢贮存罐,即纵向尺寸较小的罐可以代替罐90,94,98。与罐90,94,98比较,较短的氢贮存罐使在氢罐舱的前部区域188中的空间增大。通过将燃料电池加在该堆172的后端186上,可使燃料电池堆178增大,同时至少一些加入的燃料电池占据在该氢罐舱中先前被油罐90,94,98占据的空间。这样,汽车的设计和结构提供了设计的灵活性:通过减小氢贮存罐的尺寸,在燃料电池堆增长的方向上有空间可容纳更多的燃料电池。同样,减小燃料电池堆的尺寸可使罐的安装空间增大。
这样,例如,诸如90’所示的较小的罐可以代替罐90。可将附加的燃料电池184’添加至燃料电池堆中,使得该燃料电池堆仅空腔176延伸至空腔20。这种增大的燃料电池堆以172’表示。这样,燃料电池堆172’占据先前被罐90占据的空间。
再参见图1~3可看出,燃料电池堆172将电能供给工作时与前轮196,200连接的牵引电机192。该牵引电机安置在图1中204所示的HVAC下面。单个的后轮轮毂电机208,212分别驱动后轮214,216。前轮196,200可转动地与安装在框架10上的前端悬挂系统220连接。后轮214,416可转动地与安装在框架10上的后端悬挂系统224连接,在每一个车轮上安装轮胎。
当将罐90,94,98和燃料电池堆172安置在乘客舱下面时,汽车的前端,在安置通常汽车的发动机的区域中的空气流动改善。具体地参见图1可看出,汽车9包括一个中心散热器230和安置在中心散热器230的相应侧上的侧向散热器234,238。
虽然详细说明了本发明的优选实施例,但本发明所涉及的技术领域内的业内人士知道,在所附权利要求书的范围内,本发明可有各种其他的设计和实施例。
Claims (10)
1.一种汽车底盘,包括:
一个限定至少一个空腔的框架;
至少一个用以贮存压缩氢气的罐,该罐至少部分地安置在所述至少一个空腔内,并且相对于该框架纵向定位,还包括一个工作时与所述至少一个罐连接的燃料电池堆,所述燃料电池堆包括工作中互相连接的多块燃料电池板,该燃料电池堆相对于该压缩氢气罐安置,使得附加的燃料电池板在工作中沿所述至少一个罐的方向与该燃料电池堆充分连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的汽车底盘,其特征为,所述至少一个空腔包括一个第一空腔和一个第二空腔,其中,所述至少一个罐至少部分地安置在所述第一空腔内,而所述燃料电池堆至少部分地安置在所述第二空腔内。
3.如权利要求2所述的汽车底盘,其特征为,所述第一空腔和所述第二空腔彼此相邻。
4.如权利要求1所述的汽车底盘,其特征为,包括一个安置在所述至少一个空腔上方并限定一个至少部分地为圆柱形的凹面的构件;其中,所述至少一个罐至少部分地安置在所述凹面内。
5.如权利要求4所述的汽车底盘,其特征为,所述构件至少部分地限定乘客舱的刚性地板表面,其中,在与该凹面相对的刚性地板表面上,所述构件限定一个突起部。
6.如权利要求5所述的汽车底盘,其特征为,在所述乘客舱的前端,所述刚性的地板表面基本上是平坦的。
7.一种改装权利要求1-6中任一项所述的汽车底盘的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
从该汽车底盘上拆下所述至少一个原有的压缩气体贮存罐;
将至少一个代替的压缩气体贮存罐安装在该汽车底盘上,所述至少一个代替压缩气体贮存罐比所述至少一个原有的压缩气体贮存罐小;和
增加该燃料电池堆的尺寸,使得该燃料电池堆的至少一部分占据由所述至少一个原有的压缩气体存贮罐先前占据的空间。
8.一种汽车,包括:
一个用来存储压缩气体并相对于该汽车纵向定位的罐;
一个底板,具有一个起部分地限定乘客舱地板的地板表面作用的第一侧面和与该第一侧面相对的第二侧面,该底板的特征为,在至少部分地安置该罐的该第二侧面上有一凹面,并在与该凹面相对的第一侧面上有相应的突起部,并且该底板还覆盖了燃料电池堆,在燃料电池堆上的底板的第一侧面形成了平坦区域使得附加的燃料电池板沿所述凹面的方向在工作中与燃料电池堆充分连接。
9.如权利要求8所述的汽车,其特征为,还包括一个框架,该框架具有一个第一轨道,一个与该第一轨道配合,至少部分地限定一个其中至少部分地安置氢气罐的氢气罐贮存空腔的第二轨道;一个在该第一轨道外面,并与该第一轨道配合,以至少部分地限定一个在该氢气贮存空腔外面的第一侧向空腔的第三轨道;和一个在该第二轨道外面,并与该第二轨道配合,以至少部分地限定一个在该氢气贮存空腔外面的第二侧向空腔的第四轨道;其中,该底板至少部分地分别覆盖该氢贮存空腔,该第一侧向空腔和该第二侧向空腔。
10.如权利要求9所述的汽车,其特征为,还包括一个工作中与在氢贮存空腔下面的框架连接的腹板。
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DE202011108934U1 (de) | 2011-10-01 | 2012-01-23 | Daimler Ag | Vorrichtung zum Speichern von Gas unter hohem Druck |
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DE102015201710A1 (de) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-08-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Abschirmvorrichtung, Fahrgastzelle, Kraftfahrzeug und Abschirmungsverfahren |
JP6344342B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-04 | 2018-06-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池車両 |
CN106531925B (zh) * | 2017-01-04 | 2022-09-30 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | 动力舱 |
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CN109334768A (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-15 | 武汉格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | 一种适用于氢燃料电池的乘用车底盘平台 |
CN113273016B (zh) | 2019-01-07 | 2024-08-23 | 卡诺科技公司 | 用于电池组热管理的方法和系统 |
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CN114144350B (zh) | 2019-07-02 | 2024-06-04 | 卡诺技术股份有限公司 | 防撞装置 |
WO2021050605A1 (en) | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-18 | Canoo Inc. | Suspension system |
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CN114746300A (zh) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-07-12 | 卡诺技术股份有限公司 | 电动车辆的电池外壳 |
DE102019132501A1 (de) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Druckbehälterbaugruppe für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug |
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