CN100467515C - 有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷与支链醇的混合物在生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用 - Google Patents
有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷与支链醇的混合物在生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷与支链醇的混合物在生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷与支链醇的混合物在生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用。
背景技术
聚硅氧烷—聚氧化烯嵌段共聚物,下文称为聚醚硅氧烷,用于生产聚氨酯泡沫塑料。在生产过程中,它们能够得到均匀的细孔结构并稳定泡沫。
然而,根据生产方法以及所使用的其它原料,在某些情况下得到不令人满意的泡孔结构,例如使用具有高聚环氧丙烷含量的多元醇通常趋向于得到较粗糙的泡孔结构。
所使用的设备还可导致不规则或粗糙的泡孔结构,例如在使用低压混合头或在原料通过在常压下搅拌简单混合的情况下。
使用其它的发泡剂,尤其是CO2,在获得细孔泡孔结构方面对聚醚硅氧烷提出尤其高的要求。由于有利的生态学平衡,该液体CO2技术在过去几年中变得越来越重要。在该方法中,除了通过与水一起使用的异氰酸酯的化学反应形成的CO2之外,加压的CO2也被用作发泡剂。该技术在例如EP—A—0 645 226中描述。然而,引入该技术已显示随着反应混合物的排放,加压CO2的自发发泡对泡沫配方中所使用的组分的泡孔形成特征提出更多的要求。这可以由异氰酸酯/水反应解释,它在几秒钟的时间内先缓慢地开始,仅导致液相被气体缓慢饱和,从而缓慢形成气泡,即泡沫的乳状液相。
该先前的缓慢过程形成了形态学性能的基础,即所得泡沫塑料的泡孔数量和泡孔尺寸分布,该先前的缓慢过程目前被压缩为1秒之内,即原料通过发泡机的加压混合头和邻接的排出装置至一个大气压的常压所需的时间。以类似于由喷射筒喷出剃须泡沫的方式,由于液体CO2的蒸发,这导致泡沫塑料的自发形成。在该泡沫塑料中出现的缺陷是不均匀,往往增大泡沫结构中的泡孔,合适泡沫稳定剂的使用可用于降低这些缺陷。虽然如此,根据界面条件(压力、原料温度、在配方中固体的使用),现有技术中很合适的稳定剂,如US—A—5 357 018和US—A—5 321 051中所述,通常仍存在问题,不能生产完全无缺陷的泡沫塑料。
原则上,泡孔结构可通过增加所使用的聚醚硅氧烷的数量变得更细,但实现该增加存在有限的范围,首先是由于随后出现的过度稳定的伴随现象会导致高比例的封闭泡孔,在极端情况下,甚至使泡沫收缩,其次是由于与此相关的不利的经济学问题。
原则上,在聚醚硅氧烷或挠性泡沫塑料配方中使用添加剂以增加泡孔的细度是已知的。
因此,EP—A—0 900 811描述了环状碳酸酯作为增加挠性泡沫塑料配方中泡孔细度的试剂的应用。然而,环状碳酸酯仅在与聚醚硅氧烷的数量处于相同数量级时才是有效的,此外,存在作为挥发性组分、由最终泡沫塑料中蒸发的缺点。
EP—A—0 976 781描述了聚醚硅氧烷和有机酸的盐的结合使用。甚至在低浓度下使泡孔变细,但盐的溶解性是相对有限的,这样,使用水作为助溶剂变为必需。因此,使用该组合被限制于水解稳定的聚醚硅氧烷。此外,水有助于与异氰酸酯的发泡反应,根据所使用的浓度,在配方计算中必须考虑。
US—A—4 520 160描述了在脂肪醇存在下生产聚醚硅氧烷的方法。在生产过程中后者避免了凝胶形成。得到的产品优选在化妆品应用中作为乳化剂。用实施例为证明,该文献还提到原则上在聚氨酯泡沫塑料中使用的可能性,但未提到液体CO2应用。根据该文献,所述产品的使用对上述应用没有负面影响。在所提供的信息基础上,使用具有SiC结构的聚醚硅氧烷和异硬脂醇的混合物的所述实验得到开孔泡沫塑料,其性质等于或好于由比较实验产生的泡沫塑料,在比较实验中,异丙醇用于代替异硬脂醇,未提到用于评价的具体条件,尤其未给出有关泡孔结构的信息。泡沫塑料仅用特征“良好泡沫塑料”描述。由于,例如未定义多元醇类型,实施例的分析留下哪一种聚氨酯化合物被建议大量展开的问题。所采用的催化剂是有机锡化合物,二丁基锡二月桂酸盐(DBTDL),它可能暗示HR块状泡沫塑料(slabstock)应用。在HR块状泡沫塑料而不是在常规块状泡沫塑料中,DBTDL通常仅用于挠性泡袜塑料应用中;后一种应用需要辛酸锡作为催化剂。DBTDL附加地用于生产刚性泡沫塑料以及高弹体/鞋底或不同于挠性泡沫塑料的聚氨酯种类。
我们尝试重复实施例,不形成挠性泡沫塑料,而形成没有泡沫特性的预聚物状的高弹体。对于生产挠性泡沫塑料,使用限定数量的水和胺催化剂将是绝对必需的。
在实施例中既未提到水也未提到胺催化剂,因此产品不是挠性泡沫塑料。用于实验的产品的所述泡沫参数,例如泡沫高度和空气渗透率因此是不可理解的。
本发明涉及用于生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料的配方,挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料是指常规挠性聚醚泡沫塑料和借助于液体CO2技术生产的挠性聚醚泡沫塑料。
常规挠性聚醚泡沫塑料使用除叔胺之外的至少一种如下物质作催化剂生产:
a)有机酸的金属盐,例如有机酸,例如辛酸、蓖麻油酸、乙酸、油酸、月桂酸或己酸的碱金属、碱土金属、Al、Sn、Pb、Mn、Co、Bi或Cu盐;
b)各种金属的醇盐和酚盐,例如Ti(OR)4、Sn(OR)4、Sn(OR)2、Al(OR)3,其中R是烷基或芳基;
c)各种金属与乙酰基丙酮、苯甲酰基丙酮、三氟乙酰基丙酮、乙酰基乙酸乙基酯、水杨醛、环戊酮—2—羧酸盐、乙酰基丙酮亚胺、二乙酰基丙酮亚烷基亚胺、水杨醛亚胺等的螯配合物,可能的金属是Be、Mg、Zn、Cd、Pb、Ti、Zr、Sn、As、Bi、Cr、Mo、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni或离子如MoO2 ++和UO2 ++等;
d)强酸的酸性金属盐,例如氯化铁、氯化锡、三氯化锑和氯化铋或硝酸盐。
适用于挠性泡沫塑料的多元醇通常是例如在US—A—3 346 557中描述的聚醚多元醇,例如在US—Re—28715和US—A—3 346 557、US—A—3 823 201、US—A—3 850 861、US—A—4 454 255、US—A—4 458038、US—A—4 550 194、US—A—4 390 645和US—A—4 431 754中描述的聚合多元醇。优选使用的多元醇是三官能团的,主要含有仲0H基团。
发明公开
本发明的目的尤其是提供在生产挠性聚氨醋泡沫塑料中的改善的稳定剂体系。
我们惊奇地发现聚醚硅氧烷与少量(以聚醚硅氧烷计,0.1—30%,优选5—10%)支链脂肪醇及其衍生物的协同作用的混合物比单独的聚醚硅氧烷对降低泡孔尺寸具有明显更加有效的影响。混合物组分的同时使用是决定性重要的,单独加入支链脂肪醇,例如经多元醇组分,不能产生所需的效果。所要求的混合物可进一步含有溶剂,例如聚醚的单醇、二醇或三醇,低分子量的二醇或非离子表面活性剂。溶剂本身对在挠性泡袜塑料配方中聚醚硅氧烷的表面活性性质没有影响,但代表一种在聚氨酯配方中有化学活性、可存在于所要求保护的混合物中的物质。
聚醚硅氧烷:
本发明所基于的聚醚硅氧烷是聚硅氧烷一聚氧化烯共聚物,它含有改性聚氧化烯结构单元。
本发明原则上涉及可一般用于生产挠性聚氨醋泡沫塑料中的所有结构。然而,对于混合物的两种组分的协同作用来说,关键的因素是使用优选具有某些成核作用的聚醚硅氧烷,即甚至在单独使用时也得到令人满意的泡孔结构。与之相反,在单独使用时得到粗糙泡孔结构的聚醚硅氧烷通常不允许生成本发明意义中的超协同作用的混合物。
例如,疏水稳定剂尤其适用于获得细泡孔结构,而另一方面,亲水稳定剂,由于其结构的结果,在单独使用或在与本发明的醇的混合物中使用时产生相当粗糙的泡孔。
聚氧化烯嵌段可通过水解稳定的SiC键或通过不太水解稳定的SiOC键连接于聚硅氧烷上。
在聚硅氧烷中硅氧烷单元的数目以及与聚氧化烯可能的键合数目事实上可以任何所需的方法改变。
聚硅氧烷—聚氧化烯嵌段共聚物已描述在许多出版物中。
例如,DE—A—1 570 647描述了SiOC—连接的聚醚硅氧烷。这类聚醚硅氧烷的制备方法例如描述在DE—A—1 012 602、DE—A—1 040251、DE—A—1 120 147和US—A—3 115 512中。
SiC—连接的聚硅氧烷—聚氧化烯嵌段共聚物的制备方法例如描述在US—A—2 846 458和DE—A—1 220 615和DE—A—1 153 166中。
用于本发明的聚醚硅氧烷具有以下式I:
其中:
R1是烷基或芳基,
R2是R1和/或R3和/或R4,
R3是式II的聚醚基团:
—(Y)e[O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)pZ]w (II)
其条件是:
e=0—1,
w=1—4,
d=1—3,
m≥1,
x=2—4,可通过单独地或结合地使用C2H4O—、C3H6O—和C4H8O单元得到,和
p≥1,和
Y是可以带支链的(w+1)价烃基,
R′是选自含有3—18个碳原子的单价脂族或芳香烃基,
Z是氢或包括酰基的单价有机基团,
m+p=1—150,
R4是式III的聚醚基团:
—(F)f[O(CxH2xO)rZ]g (III)
其条件是
f=0或1,
x=2—4,
g=1—4和
r≥1,
F是可以带支链的(g+1)价烃基,
当b是6—8时,a是1—100,
当b是3—6时,a是1—200,
当b是0—3时,a是1—300,
b=0—8。
为用于本发明,尤其优选使用其中系数e和/或f=0的式I聚硅氧烷,他们相应地是SiOC结构。
为用于本发明,尤其优选使用其中矿在至少一种情况下是R3的式I聚醚硅氧烷,其条件是m>p。
此外,同样优选使用其中系数e和f=1的式I的聚硅氧烷,相应地他们是SiC结构。
本发明所基于的醇及其衍生物是式IV的化合物
R—CH2—O—R′ (IV)
其中
R=含有至少7个碳原子和至多26个碳原子的支链烷基,和
R′=H、酰基或如上定义的R3。
用于本发明的式IV的支链醇和衍生物带有至少8个碳原子的烷基链R,其条件是该链含有至少一个支链点。
所用的醇和衍生物为获得本发明产生的效果并非必须具有表面活性剂特性。
所要保护的化合物的实例是商业可获得的Guerbet和Ziegler醇,以及天然的支链羰基合成醇和异十三醇。
为用于本发明,尤其优选在包含作为发泡剂的液体二氧化碳的挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料生产过程中使用式I聚硅氧烷和支链醇混合物。
为用于本发明,尤其优选使用式I的聚硅氧烷和式IV支链醇及其衍生物的混合物,以挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方计,该混合物的量为0.3—3%。
本发明还提供式I的有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷与如下式IV的支链醇及其衍生物的混合物,
其中:
R1是烷基或芳基,
R2是R1和/或R3和/或R4,
R3是式II的聚醚基团:
—(Y)e[O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)pZ]w (II)
其条件是:
e=0—1,
w=1—4,
d=1—3,
m≥1,
x=2—4,可通过单独地或结合地使用C2H4O—、C3H6O—和C4H8O
单元得到,和
p≥1,和
Y是可以带支链的(w+1)价烃基,
R′是选自含有3—18个碳原子的单价脂族或芳香烃基,
Z是氢或包括酰基的单价有机基团,
m+p=1—150,
R4是式III的聚醚基团:
—(F)f[O(CxH2xO)rZ]g (III)
其条件是
f=0或1,
x=2—4,
g=1—4和
r≥1,
F是可以带支链的(g+1)价烃基,
当b是6—8时,a是1—100,
当b是3—6时,a是1—200,
当b是0—3时,a是1—300,
b=0—8,
其条件是系数e和/或f的至少一个等于0;而所述支链醇及其衍生物具有以下式IV:
R—CH2—O—R′ (IV)
其中
R=含有7—26个碳原子的支链烷基和
R′=H、酰基或如上定义的R3。
实施例
在尺寸为27×27cm和壁高27cm的开口木箱中通过发泡含有如下组分的聚氨酯配方制得挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料:
4.05份 水
0.05份 N—乙基吗啉
0.2份 辛酸锡
3.0份 物理发泡剂(二氯甲烷)
以及以配方中存在的羟基计1.12摩尔量的异氰酸酯基,所述异氰酸酯基团为商业可得到的亚甲苯基二异氰酸酯的2,4—和2,6—异构体的80:20混合物的形式,它称为T80。
作为泡沫稳定剂,使用商品名称Tegostab B 8123的硅氧烷聚醚共聚物用于稳定所得到的泡沫塑料,如US—A—5 321 051中所述,上述共聚物通过用烯丙基引发的聚醚氢硅烷化含有Si—H基团的硅氧烷得到,相当于SiC—聚醚硅氧烷。在本发明的实施例中,该稳定剂与少量支链脂肪醇混合,而在不是本发明的比较实验中,使用纯产品或含有混合组分的混合物,或支链醇不与稳定剂混合但单独地加入配方中,例如加入多元醇中。在泡沫塑料固化后,水平切割得到的泡沫体,评价泡沫塑料底部上方15cm高度处的切割表面上所发现的泡孔结构。评价标准是得到的泡孔数目/cm和泡孔结构的规则性。此外,测量用直径2cm的圆进料管线以每分钟8升通过泡袜塑料样品时产生的背压作为得到的泡沫塑料的开口泡孔含量的度量。所测量的背压越低,得到的泡沫塑料有更多的开口泡孔。
得到如下结果:
实施例 | Tegostab B8123的浓度(份) | 添加剂1/数量(份) | 添加剂2/数量(份) | 泡孔结构 | 泡孔细度(每cm的泡孔数量) | 背压(mm水) |
比较例1 | 0.38 | 无 | - | 轻微不规则 | 6 | 33 |
比较例2 | 0.38 | 二丙二醇/0.22 | - | 轻微不规则 | 7 | 23 |
比较例3 | 0.38 | 二丙二醇/0.22 | 异硬脂醇,单独加入0.06 | 轻微不规则 | 6—7 | 15 |
比较例4 | 0.38 | 二丙二醇/0.16 | 碳酸亚丙基酯/0.06 | 轻微不规则 | 10 | 17 |
实施例1 | 0.38 | 二丙二醇/0.16 | 异硬脂醇/0.06 | 规则 | 14 | 21 |
实施例2 | 0.38 | 二丙二醇/0.16 | 异十二醇/0.06 | 规则 | 13—14 | 19 |
可以清楚地看出,使用支链醇作为挠性泡沫塑料稳定剂的组分对得到的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的泡孔细度和规则性有惊奇的正面效果。该效果还可以在使用液态的加压CO2作为发泡剂的机械试验中说明(相当于NovaflixTM或BeamechTM方法)。
在这些试验中,类似于上述实施例的配方用4.8份水和2份CO2在NovaflexTM装置中发泡。作为稳定剂,使用在EP—A—0 585 771中公开的高活性稳定剂。在本发明的实施例中,异硬脂醇用作稳定剂中的组分。在比较例中,异硬脂醇被二丙二醇所代替。随后评价泡沫塑料的泡孔结构,将评价结果指定为以下等级:无缺陷、轻微缺陷、中等缺陷、缺陷或高度缺陷。
稳定剂混合物的组分 | 泡孔结构 |
0.9份Tegostab B8123+0.5份二丙二醇 | 中等缺陷 |
0.9份Tegostab B8123+0.4份二丙二醇+0.1份异硬脂醇 | 无缺陷 |
可以看出,当使用支链醇时,在使用液体CO2作为发泡剂时,在发泡条件下还出现泡孔细度方面的改善。
Claims (18)
1、生产挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,所述方法使用式I的有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷:
其中:
R1是烷基或芳基,
R2是R1和/或R3和/或R4,
R3是式II的聚醚基团:
—(Y)e[O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)pZ]w (II)
其条件是:
e=0—1,
w=1—4,
d=1—3,
m≥1,
x=2—4,通过单独地或结合地使用C2H4O—、C3H6O—和C4H8O单
元得到,和
p≥1,和
Y是任选带支链的(w+1)价烃基,
R′是选自含有3—18个碳原子的单价脂族或芳香烃基,
Z是氢或单价有机基团,
m+p=1—150,
R4是式III的聚醚基团:
—(F)f[O(CxH2xO)rZ]g (III)
其条件是
f=0或1,
x=2—4,
g=1—4和
r≥1,
F是任选带支链的(g+1)价烃基,
当b是6—8时,a是1—100,
当b是3—6时,a是1—200,
当b是0—3时,a是1—300,
b=0—8,
其中式I的聚硅氧烷以与如下式IV化合物的混合物形式使用,
R—CH2—O—R′ (IV)
其中
R=含有7—26个碳原子的支链烷基和
R′=H、酰基或如上定义的R3。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用其中e和/或f=0的式I聚硅氧烷。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用其中e和f=1的式I的聚硅氧烷。
4、如权利要求3所述的方法,其中使用其中R2在至少一种情况下是R3的式I聚醚硅氧烷,其条件是m>p。
5、如权利要求1—4之一所述的方法,其中另外用加压二氧化碳作为发泡剂。
6、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中使用选自格尔伯特和齐格勒醇的支链醇。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法,其中使用选自支链碳基合成醇和异十三醇的支链醇。
8、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中以式I的聚硅氧烷的量计,式IV的醇的使用量为0.1—30重量%。
9、如权利要求8所述的方法,其中以式I的聚硅氧烷的量计,式IV的醇的使用量为5—10重量%。
10、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中以挠性聚氨酯泡沫塑料配方计,聚硅氧烷和支链醇的混合物的使用量为0.3—3%。
11、如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述单价有机基团Z是酰基。
12、通式I的有机官能团改性的聚硅氧烷和如下式IV的支链醇及其衍生物的混合物,
其中:
R1是烷基或芳基,
R2是R1和/或R3和/或R4,
R3是式II的聚醚基团:
—(Y)e[O(C2H4-dR′dO)m(CxH2xO)pZ]w (II)
其条件是:
e=0—1,
w=1—4,
d=1—3,
m≥1,
x=2—4,通过单独地或结合地使用C2H4O—、C3H6O—和C4H8O单
元得到,和
p≥1,和
Y是任选带支链的(w+1)价烃基,
R′是选自含有3—18个碳原子的单价脂族或芳香烃基,
Z是氢或单价有机基团,
m+p=1—150,
R4是式III的聚醚基团:
—(F)f[O(CxH2xO)rZ]g (III)
其条件是
f=0或1,
x=2—4,
g=1—4和
r≥1,
F是任选带支链的(g+1)价烃基,
当b是6—8时,a是1—100,
当b是3—6时,a是1—200,
当b是0—3时,a是1—300,
b=0—8,
其条件是系数e和/或f的至少一个等于0;而支链醇及其衍生物具有以下式IV:
R—CH2—O—R′ (IV)
其中
R=含有7—26个碳原子的支链烷基和
R′=H、酰基或如上定义的R3。
13、如权利要求12所述的混合物,其中式I聚醚硅氧烷选自其中R2在至少一种情况下是R3的化合物,其条件是m>p。
14、如权利要求12或13所述的混合物,其中存在格尔伯特和齐格勒醇。
15、如权利要求14所述的混合物,其中存在支链碳基合成醇和异十三醇。
16、如权利要求12所述的混合物,其中以式I的聚硅氧烷的量计,式IV醇的量为0.1—30重量%。
17、如权利要求16所述的混合物,其中以式I的聚硅氧烷的量计,式IV醇的量为5—10重量%。
18、如权利要求12所述的混合物,其中所述单价有机基团Z是酰基。
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EP (1) | EP1211279B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2002167418A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100467515C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE321093T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU764900B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2361982A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE50109274D1 (zh) |
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WO2023237420A1 (de) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-14 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Polyether-siloxan block-copolymere für die herstellung von polyurethanschaumstoffen |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1211279A1 (de) | 2002-06-05 |
DE50109274D1 (de) | 2006-05-11 |
AU7942301A (en) | 2002-05-30 |
CN1356349A (zh) | 2002-07-03 |
CA2361982A1 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
PL350895A1 (en) | 2002-06-03 |
US6506810B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 |
AU764900B2 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
EP1211279B1 (de) | 2006-03-22 |
JP2002167418A (ja) | 2002-06-11 |
US20020132867A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
ES2258054T3 (es) | 2006-08-16 |
ATE321093T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
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