CN100461436C - Cmos图像传感器及其制造方法 - Google Patents

Cmos图像传感器及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN100461436C
CN100461436C CNB2005100974940A CN200510097494A CN100461436C CN 100461436 C CN100461436 C CN 100461436C CN B2005100974940 A CNB2005100974940 A CN B2005100974940A CN 200510097494 A CN200510097494 A CN 200510097494A CN 100461436 C CN100461436 C CN 100461436C
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李相基
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DB HiTek Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法,可以使用浅沟道隔离(STI)处理和选择外延法确保隔离特性。该CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法还可以减小像素尺寸。该CMOS图像传感器包括:半导体衬底;第一光电二极管;第一外延层;第二外延层;多个器件隔离层,形成于第二外延层处所形成的隔离区中;第二光电二极管,形成于器件隔离层之间;以及第三外延层。

Description

CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法
相关申请
本申请要求于2004年12月30日提交的韩国专利申请No.10-2004-0116427的优先权,其全部内容结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法。更具体地,本发明涉及一种垂直CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法,其可以减小像素尺寸,并可使用浅沟道隔离(STI)处理和可选外延法(selectiveepitaxy method)来保证隔离特性。
背景技术
通常,图像传感器是将光学图像转换为电信号的半导体器件。在CCD(电荷耦合器件)图像传感器中,多个MOS(金属氧化物半导体)电容器彼此靠近地布置,以转移和存储载荷子。在CMOS(互补MOS)图像传感器中,对应于像素数量的多个MOS晶体管是通过使用控制电路和信号处理电路作为外围电路的CMOS技术来制造的。其采用了使用MOS晶体管顺序地检测输出的开关系统(switching system)。
下面参考附图描述根据相关技术的CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法。
图1是示出了由根据相关技术的制造CMOS图像传感器的方法制造的CMOS图像传感器的剖视图。
在包括第一外延层(未示出)的半导体衬底10上形成红色光电二极管11。在其上生长第二外延层12,然后在第二外延层12上形成暴露插头区的第一光刻胶图样(图中未示出)。将离子注入到由第一光刻胶图样暴露的第二外延层12中,以形成连接到用于从中提取信号的红色光电二极管11的第一插头13。去除第一光刻胶图样,并在第二外延层12上形成第二光刻胶(未示出)。将离子注入到由第二光刻胶图样暴露的第二外延层中,以在第二外延层12中形成绿色光电二极管14。然后去除第二光刻胶图样。
在包括绿色光电二极管14的第二外延层12上生长第三外延层15。在第三外延层15中的隔离区处形成浅沟道隔离(STI)区16。
此后,执行阱处理。在第三外延层15上形成第三光刻胶图样(图中未示出)。然后,将离子注入到由第三光刻胶图样暴露的第三外延层15中,以形成连接到红色光电二极管11和绿色光电二极管14的第二插头17。
根据相关技术制造的CMOS图像传感器的方法具有下列问题。
由于在形成光电二极管时使用了扩散层,所以在确保像素之间的隔离特性方面以及在确保与像素无关的插头和光电二极管之间的隔离特性方面有局限性。
同样,因为光电二极管形成于STI区下方,所以难以确保光电二极管之间的隔离特性。因此,在减小像素尺寸方面有局限性。
发明内容
因此,本发明旨在提供一种CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法,其能够基本上消除由于相关技术的局限性和缺点引起的一个或多个问题。
本发明的优点是提供一种CMOS图像传感器及其制造方法,其中,遮光层形成于微透镜之间,以改善反射特性并在封装时保护微透镜。
本发明的其他优点、目的和特征将在随后的说明书中阐述,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见的,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书、以及附图中所特别指出的结构和方法来实现和获得。
为了实现这些优点和其它优点,并根据本发明的目的,如本文中所体现和概括描述的,提供了一种CMOS图像传感器,包括:半导体衬底,包括第一外延层;第一光电二极管,形成于包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底上;第二外延层,形成于包括所述第一光电二极管的所述半导体衬底上;多个器件隔离层,形成于隔离区中,其中所述隔离区形成于所述第二外延层处;第二光电二极管,形成于所述器件隔离层之间的所述第二外延层中;以及第三外延层,形成于包括所述第二光电二极管的所述第二外延层上。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述第三外延层选择性地生长于除了所述器件隔离层之外的所述第二外延层上。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述CMOS图像传感器还包括:第一插头,形成于所述半导体衬底上,用于从所述第一光电二极管提取信号;以及第二插头,形成于所述半导体衬底上,用于从所述第二光电二极管提取信号。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述第一插头形成于从所述半导体衬底所述第一光电二极管侧到所述第二外延层的位置,以及所述第二插头形成于所述第三外延层中。
在本发明的另一方面中,制造CMOS图像传感器的方法,包括:设置包括第一外延层的半导体衬底;在包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底上形成第一光电二极管;在包括所述第一光电二极管的所述半导体衬底上形成第二外延层;在所述第二外延层上形成第一绝缘层;选择性蚀刻所述第二外延层和隔离区的所述第一绝缘层,以形成多个沟道;在包括所述沟道的所述第一绝缘层上形成第二绝缘层,以在所述沟道中对所述第一绝缘层进行填充;平坦化所述第二绝缘层,以形成多个器件隔离层;去除所述第一绝缘层;在所述器件隔离层之间的所述第二外延层中形成第二光电二极管;以及在包括所述第二光电二极管的所述第二外延层上形成第三外延层。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述第三外延层选择性地生长于除了所述器件隔离层之外的所述第二外延层上。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述方法还包括:在所述半导体衬底上形成第一插头,用于从所述第一光电二极管提取信号;以及在所述半导体衬底上形成第二插头,用于从所述第二光电二极管提取信号。
在本发明的另一方面中,所述第一插头形成于从所述半导体衬底的所述第一光电二极管侧到所述第二外延层,以及所述第二插头形成于所述第三外延层中。
在本发明的另一方面中,形成所述第一光电二极管的步骤还包括:将第一类型杂质离子注入到包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底的整个表面中;在所述半导体衬底上沉积光刻胶;使所述光刻胶形成图样,以限定所述第一光电二极管的区域;将第二类型杂质离子注入所述第一光电二极管的所述区域,以形成所述第一光电二极管;以及去除所述光刻胶。
在本发明的另一方面中,形成所述微透镜的步骤包括:在所述第二绝缘层上形成遮光层;在包括所述遮光层的所述第二绝缘层上形成微透镜材料;蚀刻所述微透镜材料以平坦化所述微透镜材料;选择性蚀刻所述平坦化的微透镜材料;以及通过执行烘烤过程形成所述微透镜。
在本发明的另一方面中,形成所述第二光电二极管的步骤还包括:将第一类型杂质离子注入所述第二外延层;在所述第二外延层上沉积光刻胶;使所述光刻胶形成图样,以限定所述第二光电二极管的区域;将第二类型杂质离子注入所述第二光电二极管的区域,以形成所述第二光电二极管;以及去除所述光刻胶。
应该了解,前面的概括描述以及随后的详细描述均是示例性和说明性的,目的在于进一步地说明权利要求中的本发明。
附图说明
附图提供了对本发明的进一步理解,将其结合于此并构成说明书的一部分,示出了本发明的典型实施例,并与说明书一起用来解释本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1是示出了根据相关技术的CMOS图像传感器的剖视图;以及
图2A到图2H是示出了根据本发明的CMOS图像传感器的制造方法的剖视图。
具体实施方式
以下将详细描述附图所示出的本发明的实施例。尽可能地,附图中将使用相同的参考标号来表示相同或相似的部件。
如图2A所示,将硼离子注入其中生长有第一外延层(图中未示出)的半导体衬底30的整个表面中。然后,在半导体衬底30上涂覆第一光刻胶(未示出),然后部分地蚀刻第一光刻胶,以形成暴露红色光电二极管区的第一光刻胶图样(未示出)。将砷离子注入第一外延层,以形成红色光电二极管31,然后去除第一光刻胶图样。然后,在包括红色光电二极管31的半导体衬底30上生长预定厚度的第二外延层32。
如图2B所示,为了形成连接到红色光电二极管31的用于从该红色光电二极管提取信号的第一插头,涂覆第二光刻胶(未示出),然后部分地蚀刻,以形成暴露第一插头区域的第二光刻胶图样(未示出)。使用第二光刻胶图样作为掩模,将磷离子注入第二外延层32中,以形成第一插头33,该第一插头形成于从半导体衬底的第一光电二极管侧到第二外延层的位置。然后,去除第二光刻胶图样。
如图2C所示,为了对像素实施STI方法以确保隔离特性,在第二外延层32上层叠衬垫(pad)氧化层34,以及在衬垫氧化层34上形成氮化层35。
如图2D所示,在氮化层35上涂覆第三光刻胶(未示出),然后部分地蚀刻第三光刻胶,以形成暴露出隔离区的第三光刻胶图样36。使用第三光刻胶图样36作为掩模,选择地蚀刻部分第二外延层32、衬垫氧化层34、和氮化层35,以在隔离区中形成沟道37。
如图2E所示,去除第三光刻胶图样36,然后在此结构上层叠氧化层38。将氧化层38填充在沟道37中。
如图2F所示,蚀刻氧化层38并使用化学机械抛光(CMP)法进行平坦化,直到暴露氮化层35的表面。这样,形成器件隔离层42。
如图2G所示,顺序地去除氮化层35和衬垫氧化层34,然后在器件隔离层42之间的第二外延层32上形成绿色光电二极管40。可以使用与形成红色光电二极管31相同的方法来形成绿色光电二极管40。
然后,在第二外延层32上选择地形成第三外延层39。第三外延层39可以形成于除了器件隔离层42之外的第二外延层32上。
如图2H所示,为了形成连接到绿色光电二极管40的用于从该绿色光电二极管提取信号的第二插头,在第三外延层39上涂覆第四光刻胶(未示出),然后部分地蚀刻第三外延层,以形成暴露第二插头区域的第四光刻胶图样(未示出)。将砷离子注入到第三外延层39中,以形成第二插头41。
当使用上述方法形成像素时,可减小像素的尺寸,并且垂直CMOS图像传感器的最小线宽可以减小到0.13μm。
根据本发明,在将氧化层填充隔离区之后,第三外延层选择性地生长于除了在隔离区中之外的第二外延层上。因此,光电二极管之间的隔离特性被改进。此外,有可能减小像素的尺寸并因此而改进集成度和分辨率。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种CMOS图像传感器,包括:
半导体衬底,包括第一外延层;
第一光电二极管,形成于包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底上;
第二外延层,形成于包括所述第一光电二极管的所述半导体衬底上;
多个器件隔离层,形成于隔离区中,其中所述隔离区形成于所述第二外延层处;
第二光电二极管,形成于所述器件隔离层之间的所述第二外延层中;以及
第三外延层,形成于包括所述第二光电二极管的所述第二外延层上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中所述第三外延层选择性地生长于除了所述器件隔离层之外的所述第二外延层上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的CMOS图像传感器,还包括:
第一插头,形成于所述半导体衬底上,用于从所述第一光电二极管提取信号;以及
第二插头,形成于所述半导体衬底上,用于从所述第二光电二极管提取信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述的CMOS图像传感器,其中所述第一插头形成于从所述半导体衬底所述第一光电二极管侧到所述第二外延层的位置,以及所述第二插头形成于所述第三外延层中。
5.一种用于制造CMOS图像传感器的方法,包括以下步骤:
设置包括第一外延层的半导体衬底;
在包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底上形成第一光电二极管;
在包括所述第一光电二极管的所述半导体衬底上形成第二外延层;
在所述第二外延层上形成第一绝缘层;
选择性蚀刻隔离区的所述第一绝缘层和隔离区的所述第二外延层,以在所述隔离区中形成多个沟道;
在包括所述沟道的所述第一绝缘层上形成第二绝缘层,以填充所述沟道;
平坦化所述第二绝缘层,以形成多个器件隔离层;
去除所述第一绝缘层;
在所述器件隔离层之间的所述第二外延层中形成第二光电二极管;以及
在包括所述第二光电二极管的所述第二外延层上形成第三外延层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述第三外延层选择性地生长于除了所述器件隔离层之外的所述第二外延层上。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
在所述半导体衬底上形成第一插头,用于从所述第一光电二极管提取信号;以及
在所述半导体衬底上形成第二插头,用于从所述第二光电二极管提取信号。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述第一插头形成于从所述半导体衬底的所述第一光电二极管侧到所述第二外延层的位置,以及所述第二插头形成于所述第三外延层中。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中形成所述第一光电二极管的步骤还包括:
将第一类型杂质离子注入到包括所述第一外延层的所述半导体衬底的整个表面中;
在所述半导体衬底上沉积光刻胶;
使所述光刻胶形成图样,以限定所述第一光电二极管的区域;
将第二类型杂质离子注入所述第一光电二极管的所述区域,以形成所述第一光电二极管;以及
去除所述光刻胶。
10.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中形成所述第二光电二极管的步骤还包括:
将第一类型杂质离子注入所述第二外延层;
在所述第二外延层上沉积光刻胶;
使所述光刻胶形成图样,以限定所述第二光电二极管的区域;
将第二类型杂质离子注入所述第二光电二极管的区域,以形成所述第二光电二极管;以及
去除所述光刻胶。
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